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Class 8 English Poem: Refugee Blues By Class 8 English Poem: Refugee Blues By: W.H.Auden General Instructions: 1) Read the poem carefully, underline the difficult words, find their meanings from dictionary and use them in your own sentences. About the poet Wystan Hugh Auden was born in the year 1907 in York in England. He was an English- American poet applauded especially for his technical and stylistic achievements and for his ability to write in any form of verse. He rose to fame with ‘Poems’ published in the year 1930. His most notable works include ‘Funeral Blues’, ‘September 1, 1939’, ‘The Age of Anxiety’ and ‘For the Time Being’. He won the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry in 1947 for ‘The Age of Anxiety’. Auden died in the 1973 of natural causes. Introduction The poem ‘Refugee Blues’ was written in 1939. The poem describes the condition of Jewish refugees during the period of Nazi Germany, with a particular emphasis on how they were discriminated against and antagonized. During the Second World War, Jews were forced to flee persecution and violence in Nazi Germany, many Jews were unable to secure asylum in countries like England or US because they kept tight quotas on the number of Jewish immigrants admitted each year. It raises broader questions about isolation, loneliness and exile. It depicts the trauma and pain of being forced to leave home- and of being unable to find a place of safety and security in a violent and uncertain world. Title of the poem- Refugee Blues Refugee is a person who is forced to leave his country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. The use of the word ‘refugee’ implies that the poem is about a person or a group of people attempting to escape their country, Nazi Germany, but cannot, due to the fact that they do not own passports; leaving them homeless. ‘Blues’ refer to a song of sadness and mourning. Summary The poem starts with a narrator, who is later revealed to be a German Jew, describing a large city which is home to ten million people some of whom are well off and live in luxurious large houses while others live in slums and shabby houses. Yet, the narrator tells his companion that there is no place for them. He remembers that they once had a country long ago, and believed it to be their own. But now that country is so distant to them that to see it they have to browse through an atlas and he knows that they can’t go there either. The narrator then remarks on how every spring the flowers grow anew on the old tree that grows in the village churchyard, and mourns to his companion that old passports can’t renew themselves, remembering how the country where they wanted to go had rejected them saying that they were as good as dead if they didn’t have updated passports. It seems that it is their misfortune that they are still among living, considering his dejected tone as he addresses his companion. He remembers how the people (who were responsible for providing the war refugees homes) had been polite to him, yet couldn’t help him because of the politics and had told him to return next year. Recalling a public meeting that he had attended, he remembers that a person had accused them of trying to steal away the livelihood of the occupants of the city by barging in, and informs his companion that the man had been talking of them. He thinks that he heard the rumbling of an imminent storm, but it turned out to be Hitler sentencing them all to death. He sees a dog securely wrapped in a warm jacket, and a cat getting inside a car, the door of which had been held open for it and considers them fortunate because they aren’t German Jews. He notices the fish swimming freely in the water at the harbour and the birds flying wherever they want in the skies when he goes to the woods. He marvels at them for not having any politicians and wars as they were not human beings. He then tells his companion that he had had a dream in which he saw a magnificent building which could accommodate a thousand people yet there was no place for them in it anywhere. He remembers how when he stood on the plains and looked through the falling snow, he could see a thousand soldiers marching towards them, looking for them, to kill them. Explanation Say this city has ten million souls, The speaker says that the current city he is in has Some are living in mansions, some are living in ten million people holes: rich people are living in mansions whereas poor Yet there's no place for us, my dear, yet people are living in holes there's no place for us. yet there is no place for German Jews. Once we had a country and we thought it fair, The speaker says that once they lived in a country Look in the atlas and you'll find it there: and believed it to be their own but they were We cannot go there now, my dear, we cannot denied their rights. That place is still there in the go there now. atlas but the refugee and his companion cannot go there. In the village churchyard there grows an old In this stanza, the poet shows the contrast yew, between nature and the refugees as there is Every spring it blossoms anew: always a new hope for natural life. It renews – Old passports can't do that, my dear, old unlike the refugees. This is a metaphor that passports can't do that. captures new life, opportunity and progression. This line indicates the helplessness of the refugees to go back to a safe place because they could not get their passports renewed. The consul banged the table and said, In anger, the consul banged the table and said "If you've got no passport you're officially that if the refugee was not having passport then dead": officially he was dead but the refugee and his But we are still alive, my dear, but we are still companion were alive. alive. Even people in authority refused to help and the state didn’t really care about the refugees. It also depicts that without passports they were simply nobody. Went to a committee; they offered me a chair; The refugee went to a committee. They offered Asked me politely to return next year: him a chair to sit and politely asked him to come But where shall we go to-day, my dear, but next year but they were unable to help him and where shall we go to-day? the refugee had no place where he could go. Came to a public meeting; the speaker got up He went to a public meeting and heard the speech and said; of the speaker. "If we let them in, they will steal our daily This stanza emphasizes that the people were bread": unwilling to help the refugees and felt threatened He was talking of you and me, my dear, he was by them. People were afraid of the couple and talking of you and me. thought that they would steal their bread. The impersonal language ‘them’ also captures the hostility towards the refugees. Thought I heard the thunder rumbling in the This line indicates that the couple was in danger sky; as they heard Hitler addressing his men It was Hitler over Europe, saying, "They must mentioning that the Jews didn’t deserve to live. die": This threat of death hung over them. O we were in his mind, my dear, O we were in his mind. Saw a poodle in a jacket fastened with a pin, The poet highlights the contrast between the Saw a door opened and a cat let in: condition of the couple and the animals. The cats But they weren't German Jews, my dear, but were allowed to enter anywhere they wanted but they weren't German Jews. German Jews weren’t. Their condition was worse than animals. Went down the harbour and stood upon the The refugee went down the harbour and saw the quay, fish swimming and enjoying their freedom. Saw the fish swimming as if they were free: They were only ten feet away from the refugee Only ten feet away, my dear, only ten feet but unlike the refugee, they were free. away. Walked through a wood, saw the birds in the While walking through the wood, the refugee trees; noticed birds singing freely in the trees because They had no politicians and sang at their ease: politicians had not made their life hell. They weren't the human race, my dear, they Their condition was better than human beings. weren't the human race. Dreamed I saw a building with a thousand In his dream, he saw a building with a thousand floors, rooms but there was not even a single room for A thousand windows and a thousand doors: German Jews. Not one of them was ours, my dear, not one of them was ours. Stood on a great plain in the falling snow; This stanza not only gives an image of coldness Ten thousand soldiers marched to and fro: and death, but also of survival in challenging Looking for you and me, my dear, looking for situations. you and me. The soldiers were not looking for them particularly but they were looking for German Jews.
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