Fisheries Research Board of Canada Annual Reprot to the Great Lake Fishery Commisson

54f-e

Fisheries Research Board of Canada R, • ANNUAL REPORT

to the

GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION

JAN 18 1963

of activities carried out under d Memorandum of Agreement during the period

APRIL 1, 1959 to MARCH 31, 1960

With Investigators' Summaries as Appendices Fisheries Research Board of Canada

ANNUAL REPORT

to the

GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION

of activities carried out under a

Mem-orandum of Agreement

during the period

April 1, 1959 to March 31, 1960

With Investigators , Summaries as Appendices 1

Annual Report

The Great Lakes Fishery Commission

for 1959-1960

This report is submitted to fulfill terms of the Memorandum of Agree- ment between the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Appended are .detailed accounts by those responsible for specific aspects of the program.

ENGINEERING

A good deal of information has accumulated about physical characteris- tics at lamprey barriers including surveys of the property used and detailed des- criptions of the barriers. In 1959 the information was organized so that it could be filed as engineering drawings supplemented by tables of data. The work has been completed for the Harmony, Chippewa, Batchawana, Sable, Pancake, and Big Gravel barriers. While organizing this material it became obvious that in several cases, agreements about barrier sites or access roids required clarifi- cation to avoid possible trouble with neighbouring landowners; action to clarify these agreements was initiated.

Information was collected on stream flows in a number of tributaries of Lakes Superior and Huron which had been selected for lampricide treatment. Predictions of stream flows at various seasons were made as an aid in overall planning for lampricide application. Other engineering assistance was also given to the • larnpricide. crews, particularly help in designing apparatus, and assistance with adding detail to the maps required. A system for filing these maps was instituted.

ELECTRICAL BARRIERS.

Electrical barriers were operated on each of the 19 Lake Superior tributaries specified in the Memorandum of Agreement. Every effort was made to install barriers as soon after April 1 as possible and to then maintain them in continuous operation until the la-mprey run seemed to be over (August 25 to September 18, except that the Pancake River barrier was operated 12 months). However,.unusually severe flooding during April and early May delayed in- - stallation of seven barriers until about the middle of May, and until lune 16 In the case of the Dog River. These conditions were mainly responsible for the non-continuous operation of 13 barriers for a total loss of 2,384 barrierrhours out of a possible 57,888 barrier-hours. The presence of sea lampreys above the barriers as reported below was presumably thei result of interrupted operations.

A total of 3,374 adult sea lampreys were killed and recovered at barriers compared with 3,044 in 1958. In the southeast end of the lake where 2

lamprey runs have been established fax some time, the numbers recovered tended to be smaller than in 1958. In the northwest end, where lampreYs have more recently appeared, the runs tended to be considerably greater than in 1958.

A search was made for spawning sea lampreys in 12 of the 19 streams on which barriers were operated. Spawning adults were seen above one barrier and below another, and a single adult was observed above a third. The fact that sea lamprey ammocoetes were found in 195 9 upstream of the respective barriers suggests that at sorie earlier time ses 'lampreys evaded barriers on the following streams: West Davignon, Big Car\p, Stokeley, Harmony, Batchawana, Sable, Pays Plat, Big Gravel.

Thirty-eight streams that had been previously surveyed and recorded as free from sea lampreys were resurveye'd. A, careful search with electro-shocking equipment showed sea lamprey ammocoetes fax the first time in two of them, the PearI and 'Pigeon Rivers.

CHE/v1ICAL TREATMENT OPERATIONS

Electro.shockinuequipment was used to determine the distribution of sea lamprey ammocoetes in the following tributaries to Lake Stiperlorr West Davignon, Little Carp, Goulais, Horseshoe, Stokeley, Harmony, Chippewa, Big Carp, cranberry, S-49, Ungeresi Batchawana, Sable, Pays Plat, Big Gravel, 1ackfish, Pearl, McIntyre, Kaministikwia, and Pigeon. Other information needed fax lampricide treatments was collected as required.

Treatment

In 1050 lamprialde was used on the Canadian side of Lake Superior fax the first time on a large scale. A crew of men learned the teohniquer:by work. ing with armors •xperienced eteW (rom the U. S. Pith and Wildlife Service. The two crews Jointly treated a number of Itteettli in the United States and in

Canxdal co-operation bitween the two criws was excellent:. • When plans fax chemical treatment became concret. in February, water samples wore immediately taken (rom the rivers specified fax treatment and shipped to the 11.1. 'Fish and Wildlife Service Laboratory - at Hammond Day, Michigan. There,,bio•aisays Wete conduated to determine,the range of 0011044• ttiktiolit of the lampricide (8•trif1uorme1hy1-4•n1tropheno1) required to kill lampreys but not fish at "summers' water temperatures using water from each river, This information, with estimates of average river flows and average temperatures, was the basis fax estimating the amount of chemical te be pur• ohased• Unfortunately, the water samples taken during the winter did not accurately - predict the amount of chemical needed in .the 14111e streams during In -many oases •ubsequent hiosinayi •howed a requirement as much as four times as great as that predicted from the swintere water,samples, and in some cases indicated that a concentration strong enough to kill lamprey 1111141000@M would also kill-many of the fith. This--probletn of floss of biolo• gical activity. had been encountered in a minor form in 1058 during treatment 3

of some streams in the . U.S.A.; there.the problem had been solved by waiting until late summer or early fall at which time the concentrations required became reasonable. Although the Board's application crew waited until snow made further operations impossible, bio-assays continued to indicate that ab- normally large amounts of chemical would be required for successful treatment in some of the rivers. , It is probably significant that 'loss of biological activity' was only a minor problem near Sault Ste. Marie, which is only 70 miles from the Hammond Bay laboratory where the technique was developed, but was much more of a problem near the Lakehead, 300 air miles from Hammond Bay where the'streams are presumably much more different chemically.

Another serious proble m.was the abnormal amount of rai wich fell in the Lake Superior area in 1959. Stream flows were much greater than.expected so the operators had to either use considerably more chemical than had been estimated or postpone treatment.

These problems prevented the carrying out of treatment plans. Of the 13 streams specified in the Memorandum of Agreement, only eight were treated: West Davignon, Big Carp, Harmony, Stokeley, Sable, Batchawana, Pays Plat, and Big . Gravel. The Pearl River was also treated after consultation with the Commission's Executive Secretary.

Electro-shocking equipment was used to search for ammocoetes in the following after they had been treated with lampricide; West Davignon, Big Catp, Stokeley, Harmony, Batchawana, and Sable. Sea lamprey ammocoetes were found only in the Stokeley, Batchawana, and Sable. Details are given • in Appendix 9 on size of ammocoetes killed during stream treatments.

RESEARCH

Electrical Method

In tests on Big Creek in previous years it had been found that a device which created a direct current field in the water showed promise. Further field tests were conducted With the device on the Bridgland River, a tributary of the Thessalon River. The results were disappointing; work on the device has been discontinued.

Laboratory tests were carried out as an aid to developing the device. It was -found that to get a sea lamprey to react to DC requires about twice as much voltage in a steady field as when the field is abruptly established. It requires about four times as much voltage to immobilize sea lamprere by DC as to immobilize them by AG.

Some lam-prey spawning near the site of the D. C. guider experiment was observed closely. The effect of artificially changing current flow over gravel suitable for lamprey spawning was noted. Several sea lampreys built nests where the current was artificially restricted to a flow of less than one-third of a foot per second, and in sorne cases to an imperceptible current. Under these conditions of unusually slow current, lampreys mated, eggs were deposited in at least five of the eleven nests observed, between 1110 and 4610 of these eggs 4

developed to at least the two-cell stage, and larvae hatched from between 7% and 19% of them. The axnmocoetes left the nests 10 to 27 days after the eggs were laid. Although'lampreys spawned in the stream where there was very little current, attempts to induce them to spawn in a pen in the open lake failed..

Chemical Method

Two biologists were seconded for work at Hammond Bay, Michigan until the arrangement was terminated by mutual agreement in December 1959. Reports from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service indicate that they contributed materially to the development of lampricides as a lamprey control technique.

Ammocoetes . Until recently, it had been assumed that ammocoetes lived in streams only. In 1959, to confirm preliminary observations made In 1958, the distribution of anunocoetes in the open lake in Batchawana and'Goulais Bays, Lake Superior, was investigated. In shallow water a search was made for ammocoetes by traditional methods, namely, by electro-shocking equipment and by shovels. In deeper water a special dredge was devised for taking samPles of the bottom, including ammocoetes that burrow in it. In addition, a toxicant was applied to . limited areas of the bottom by skin divers who used apparatus especially developed for that purpose.

- AmMocoetes were found to be much more prevalent in the.open •Iake than .had been.realized. In the inshore areas of Batchawana Ba y . there was rOughly one sea - lamprey -ammocoete per thousand square .yards of lake bottom. Limited ex- ploration in deepe r. areas inclicates that . they•may also be ,as plentiful in waters up to 75 , deep. - Sea lamprey ammocoetes were lesr plentiful in Goulais-Bay' although some- were foun-d.

The information available indicates that the ammocoetes found in the open lake hatched from eggs that were spawned in neighbouring streams. In spite of a thorough search there was no evidence of lamprey spawning in the open'lake. Although so-me of the streams tributary to Batchawana Bay were treated with lampricide during the survey, the lampricide has no apparent effect on the ammocoetes in the open lake near those stream mouths.

t 5

INDEX TO APPENDICES

Item Appendix Page,

Fish eames ieeee 7

Engineering 1 8

Main‘enance and Operation of Lamprey Birriers, Lake - Superior, 1959 ' 2 11

Effectiveness of Lamprey Barriers, Lake Superior, 1959 3 12

Lamprey Scars on Fish in Streams in Lake Superior, 1959 ... 4 14

Co-operation with U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service on Stream Treatm.ents, Lake Superior, 1959 5 '15

àummary of Procedure Involved in Application of Nitro- phenols, used as Lampricides for Sea Lamprey Control 6° 16

Streams Treated with Lampricide - Lake Superior, 1959 ' 7 17

Difficulties Encountered in Stream Treatment with* Lampricide, 1959 8 . 26

Ammocoetes collected from Streams, Treated with Lampricide, in which Electrical Barriers Have Been Operating 9 28

Stream Surveys, Lake Superior, 1959 10 31

Progress in Lampricide Research 11

Preliminary Experiments to Assess the -Effect of pH, and Calcium, on the Biological Activity of Two Chemicals Toxic to Lamprey Larvae 12 36

Seasonal Loss. of Biological Activity of the Nitrophenols Used As Lam-pricides 13 37

Lethal Temperatures of Sea Lampreys 124 40

The Determination of the Voltage Gradient That Elicits the Minimum Response in Adult Sea Lampreys to an Electrical Field of Direct Cuitent 15 41

Measurements of the Critical Voltage Gradient Required to Immobilize Spawning Phase Sea Lampreys in Direct Current 16 43 Item Appendix Pas_e,

Production of Rectangular Pulses (Le Duces Current) 17 44

The Experimental Barrier on the Bridgland River 18 46

The Spawning of Sea Lampreys In Still and Slowly-Moving Water in 1959 19 46

Swimnring Speeds of Sea Lampreys 20 48

Ammocoete Distribution in Batchawana and Goulais Bays, Lake Superior 21 49

Lamprey Lake Spawning Survey, 1959 22 52

Effects of Routine Treatment of Streams with Lampricide on Lake Populations of Ammocoetes 23 52

A Modified Anchor Dredge for Collecting Burrowing Animals •• 24, 53

Fauna of Sandy Shores in Batchawana and Gouials Bays, Lake Superior 25 • 53

Fauna of , Offshore Soft Bottoms in Batchawana Bay, Lake Superior 26 55 '1

FISH NAMES

The following species of fish are mentioned in this report and its appendices; synonymy is indicated to assist the reader in identification. In most cases the "accepted common name" is the one recommended by a com- mittee. of the American Fisheries Society.

Accepted Common Name Scientific Name Local Names

Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus lamprey Silver lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis lamprey Michigan brook lamprey Ichthyomyzon fossor lamprey American brook lamprey Entosphenus lamottei lamprey Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens sturgeon Rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri steelhead, Kamloops Eastern brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis speckled trout White sucker Catostomus commersoni sucker Longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus sucker Redhorse Moxostoma sp. redhorse Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae dace, minnow Spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius shiner, minnow Sand shiner Notropis deliciosus shiner, rninnow .Miinic shiner Notropis volucellus shiner, minnow Bluntnose -minnow Pimephales notatus minnow Mudminnow Umbra limi --- Northern pike Esox lucius pike Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius stickleback Yellow perch Perca flavescens perch Yellow walleye Stizostedion vitreum pickerel, yellow Johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum darter Muddler Cottus bairdi W. J. Lenson Appendix 1

ENGINEERING

During 1959 the Engineering Group' concentrated on establishing an efficient drafting service and an up-to-date inventory of information gathered during previous years by field crews.

The drafting service now has been fully furnished with the latest equipment and accessories.so that all types of drafting can be done efficiently. The main features of this includes the following: a Kuhlmann'Drawing Table (size 39" x 59), a Leroy Lettering Set, an OTT Pantograph (small type 500), and OTT Planinieter and accessories such as set squares, scales, templates, drafting papér, etc. In addition surveying equipment compleiments this list and includes a Wild Ti Transit, level rod, survey chains, pickets, etc., and an 0-TT Current Meter.

During the year a study was made of various map systems suitable for this station and three series were selected. These are: A Forest Resources Inventory System at a scale of 1 inch = 4 miles; a National Topographical System at a scale of 1:50,000; and an all-Canada Series at a scale of 1 inch = 8 miles. The first - mentioned series have been obtained reverse printed on a permanent clear plastic film which allows data to be plotted on the reverse surface. A set of these maps covering the watersheds of the streams flowing into Lake Superior have now had all the data of value to field crews plotted on them. These include roads, trails, river conditions, and other helpful notes about the various streams. In addition, all maps have been "keyed" into a master map to facilitate selection and filing. In use these permanent maps are run through a blue-print machine and copies distributed to field crews. The National Topographical Series are very detailed -Maps and have been procured on a non-permanent paper base. These maps cannot be repro- duced so no informatfon can be plotted on them. However, investigation has proven that these could be obtained reverse -printed on a clear plastic film but with a reduction of sonie detail, and then data plotted on the maps would be possible as well as blueprint reprodu-ctions. The AlliCanada Sertes at the scale of 1 inch = 8 miles have been obtained in part and these are excellent detail maps and on a paper base. When our filing system, which is on order, is received, a complete set of these maps will be ordered.

A study was -made of the properties obtained by the Public Works of Ontario for lamprey barriers and this was combined with "as constructed" surveys of th% a'ctual sites to deterrnine if the parcels obtained are adequate and to see that all our installations, access roads, and power lines are within our property limits. .In- most cases this has proven to be the case, but in some in- stances parts of our barriers or access roads have deviated from the survey timits and encroached on private pro.perty. Scrrne of the reasons for this has resulted from construction difficultfes, erosion, soft swampy areas requiring detours, etc. On completion of this work a request will be made for leasing the additional parcels required or attempts will be made to shift any outlying work back within our property limits. In addition to this, the large drawings 9

made contain all the physical data concerning the barrier sites such as elevation views, soil samples, volume measurements, maps of location, and references to maps related to the area. Changing data on the sites has been catalogued in separate books and this covers inventories taken at the barriers and electrical measurement's made each year.

During the year a map and drawing filing system was ordered but not yet received. This system includes large flat files, tubes and index cards with a viewer. The flat steel files ordered rcave built-in accessories required to give maximum efficiency and protection to the maps and drawings. Main features of these files include the storage of drawings in a flat manner which pieserves them better and makes for easier handling, individual sheets are easy to select, all weight is removed from sheets during filing and railing which eliminates tension and strain, eliminating dog-eared and torn tracings; title blocks are - up; the systern makes maximum use of floor space as one ten- always lined drawer unit is only 1S-3/8" high « and has a capacity of 1,000 sheets.

Some drawings, such as river profiles and cross-sections, require a 'different system and for these a tubular interlock file system was requited. The funnel-shaped front of the interlock makes it easy to remove drawings without telescoping or damaging them and the tubes completely protect what is filed in them - from dust, light, and crushing.

The whole filing system will be handled by the librarian and to simplify her work an index and key map system has been devised. This con- liStS of putting all maps and drawings on a microline card file system. This is done by unitizing microfilm with aperture cards. The drawings and maps are first recorded on microfilm, then each frame is mounted on its own aperture card to a convenient uniform size. Each aperture card is indexed and all are filed in an appropriate box available to everyone at the Station. When a drawing or map is desired, a selection of aperture cards is made covering what is available on file; these cards are then scanned in a portable reader and the selection narrowed to the minimum after which an order can be given for prints. The advantages of this system are: faster fi/ing and finding, reduced filing space, safeguarding of originals, duplicates can be made for field offices, and any size or "master- print can be made for re- production -- fulrsize, half size, or double size. The .key maps are large scale and mounted in an atlas.

During the year, two field trips were made by the engineering group. During the first trip a -volume - measure-meat survey was made of streams flowing into Georgian Bay which supported known sea lamprey populations. These single measurements were related to streams in the vicinity which,had been metered by the others for long periods and Table I shows the - probaele average rate of flow monthly through the year calculated on this basis.

- By last summer some discrepancies and errors became apparent after many of the «as constructed" drawings were plotted and a short field trip was made to correct-matters. While•this was being done, an inspection was made of the barriers and this revealed a heavy deterioraiion of electrodes due to rusting and installation and reznoval operations each season and considerable erosion at most sites. Table I. Average monthly rate of flow in cubic feet per second for rivers tributary to Georgian Bay - 1959.

Date Fkobable Calculated Volumes (related to long metered streams in vicinity) FRB Observed Oteerved Normal No. Stx ea m Name 1959 Flow Status Flow Jan. Feb. lvtir. Apr: ej June Juyl Sm.: Oct. Nov. Dec.

726 Still. June 13 9.5 Near 11. 7 11 10 17 48 26 12 4 3 2 6 11 17 normal ... (L Still) June 13 0 Near 1 1 1 1.5 4 2 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 normal 745 Magnetewan June 13 900 - 1100 1044 907 1585 4495 2430 1105 400 276 190 609 996 1620

832 Naiscoot June 15 2.6 50 10 4 4 2 9 32 13.5 4 1 0.5 0.5 1 3 4 below normal ... (Harris) June 15 44 • 50% 88 82 46 204 702 297 88 17 8 13 16 74 85 below normal 1053 Boyne June 12 16 Normal 16 11 10 17 48 26 12 4 3 2 6.5 11 17

1343 Sturgeon June 15 20 Normal 20 39 44 136 140 41 20 17 13 15 35 28 30.5 1360 Nottawasaga June 16 296 50% 148 287 325 1000 1027 301 147 124 94 112 255 205 224 high ... (Lamont Cr.) June 19 2 leW 3 6 7 20 20 6 3 2.5 2 2.5 5 4 4.5 ... (Willow C.r.) June 16 33 Very low 40 78 88 272 279 88 40 34 26 30.5 69 56 61 ... (Mad R.) June 16 97 Normal 97 189 214 660 678 199 97 82 62 74 168 135 148 ... (Noisy 8.) June 16 28 Normal 28 55 62 190 196 57 28 24 18 21 49 39 43 ... (Bear Cr.) June 16 10 Very low 15 20 22 68 70 20 15 8 6 8 17 14 15 13'76 Silver Cr. June 15 11 Normal 11 21 24 75 '77 23 11 9 7 8 19 15 17

Note: Tributaries shown in brackets. 11

A good portion of the engineering groups's tirne was consumed carrying out general engineering and drafting services at the station. Many drawings, sketches, graphs, and maps were prepared for those associated with the lamprey control program. Some typical cases include designs of proposed trailers, ware- house facilities for maintenance crews, enlarged or reduced tracings of many maps and preparation of various types of graPhs and visual aids for lecture and report purposes.

A photograph inventory of lamprey barrier sites and operation has been kept since 1954 and dux. ing the past year this was processed and filed. Three types of film were used for this inventory. The first consists of standard black and white photographs of all barrier sites through successive yeirs of operation; the second is a 35 mm colored slide record of all the barriers as they appeared in 1958, and the third is an 8 mm colored movie covering the same subject. To supplement this effort, typical barriers were constructed in model form to a scale of 1/8 inch = 1 foot.

By the - clOse of the period coveied by this report data has been accumulated to allow the preparation of manuals on construction', maintenance, and safety relative to barrier operations. When time permits this. data will be screened and practical, well-illustrated Manuals prepared.

A. W. Carter Appendix 2

MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF LAMPREY BARRIERS LAKE SUPERIOR, 1959

During 1959- the L. B. 0. U. consisted of four full groups as in 1958. The Headquarters was located in Sault Ste. Marie, with field stations at Wawa, Nipigon, and Port Arthur. The Schreiber field headquarters was transferred to Nipigon in 1959, as Nipigon provided a more central location for barrier operation. There were ten permanent employees, assisted during the active season by approximately 24 term employees. Two of the staff were transferred to the chemical program in the early part of 1959, thus reducing the permanent staff to eight. On completion of field operations the groups at Wawa and Nipigon were moved to Sault Ste. Marie as in 1958 for the winter work program.

The L.13.0. U. operations program during 1959-60 was conducted as in 1958 with more emphasis on stream surveys during the summer and fall. High water and flood conditions delayed the installation of some barriers and, resulted in a number of failures during May. Thereafter, operations ran very smoothly with little trouble from high water or mechanical failures.

The nets (Table I) were mainly of the sanie design reported on last year (1958 Annual Report - Appendix 5) . with 1-1/4 inch chain link fence re- placing chicken wire on the -more turbulent streams. Chain link fence was found to be more rigid and stronger than the other type of wire previously used.

Table I. Rivers in which netting devices were installed to reduce migrant - fish kills at barriers on Lake Superior during 1959.

FRB-S No. River Upstream Net Downstream Net

4 Little Carp River One 5 Big Carp River a • • One 24 ` Goulais River •• • One 36 . - Stokeley Creek One & trap ' One 39 Harmony River One One 48 Chippewa River .• • One (each branch) 52 Batchawana River ••• One 54 Sable River One One & trap 56 Pancake River • •• One ' 93 Agawa River •• • One 167 Michipicoten River •• • ••• 202 Dog River ... ... 360 Pays Plat River One One ' 368 Big Gravel River •• • One 369 Little Gravel River •• • •• • 374 Cypress River One One 385 Jackfish River One One 570 Mc Intyre River One One 571 Neebing River One One

A. H. Lawrie Appendix 3

EFFECTIVENESS OF LAMPREY BARRIERS, LAKE SUPERIOR, 1959

" Electrical barriers were installed and operated'on 19 Lake Superior tributaries. Every effort was -made to install the barriCrs as soon after April 1st as possible and to maintain them in continuous -operation thereafter. However, unusually severe flooding during April and early May cielayed installation of seven barriers until well on in May, and in the case of the Dog River, until June 16. These conditions were also reflected in interruptions to service invol- ving 1 3 . barriers and a loss of 2384 hours of operation. Spawninesurveys carried out above the barriers have shown escapement on three streams. Thirty-three hundred and seventrfour adult migrant sea lampreys have been -collected from the barriers as ctmpared with 3044 for the 1958 season. Tliese data are sum- marized in Table I. Perusal of this iable indicates that no significant decrease has occurred in the east, while the expansion in the magnitude of the runs in the western end of the lake noted in. 1958 has accelerated.

Table I. Dates of operation, operating hours lost to barrier failure, evidence of escapement and numbers of sea lampreys recovered from. 19 Canadian tributaries to Lake Superior in 1959, with recovery in 1958 shown for comparison.

Stream Date of Operating Ho ur s In o p er a t iv e Evidence of Lamprey recovered No. Names Operation Hours May. June L Aug.: Sept. Esc a pe ment 1958 19 5 9

4 L. Carp Apr. 15 - Aug. 25 3168 Nil 5 5 5 B.. Carp 3168 • Ode Not examined . 19 15 24 Goulus May14 - 2448 1/4 M Spawning adults 632 395 36 Stokeley Apr.13 - 3216 6 M Nil 2 0 39 Harmony Apr. 14 • 3192 - 12 M - Nil 6 - 8 48 Chippewa Apr. 20 - Sept. 18 3624 ▪ 216* M Ole Nil 220 296 52 Batchawana May13 . - Sept. 25 3216 41 358 482 54 Sable Apr. 17 - Sept. 18 3696 ale elm M • 1 adult seen 47 142 . 56 Pane alce Continuous'. 3672 . 5 erm M Not examined 809 816 93 Agawa May 15 - Sept. 18 3024 • 1/4. 1/4 .2 ele MI 19 18 167 Michipicoten May 21 - Sept. 5 2568 • 264 elm M Spawning below 641 371 202 Dog June 16 - Aug. 29 1776 11 43 Ule Nil 0 10 360 Pays Flat Apr. 27 - Sept. 18 3456 ▪ 264 M OD Nil 4 32 me 541 368 Big Gravel Apr. 28 - 3432 ▪ 168 Nil 154 369 L. Gravel Apr. 28 - Aug. 26 2880 168 Not examined 0 0 . 9 374 Cypress Apr. 27 - 2904 - 216 • 5 1 PI 1M 385 Iackfish Apr. 27 - Sept. 15 3384 648 360••• del 64 240 570 McIntyre May12 - Aug. 26 2544 91 119 2 2 . .. 571 Neebing May 13 - Aug. 26 2520 0 0

Totals 57,888 6 1961-1/4 371-1/2 45 0 3037 3374

2,3 8 3-3/4

• East side only. •• Recovery of lampreys begun May It Still in operation. •••Pulp driven in the river continuously May 4 - June 15.

lemee Ce

A. H. Lawrie Appendix 4

LAMPREY SCARS ON FISH IN STREAMS IN LAKE SUPERIOR, 1959

Records of lamprey scarring (scars + wounds) on migrant fish killed. at the barriers show that scarring was heaviest on'white; redhorse and longnose suckers and yellow walleyes, and minor on northern pike, rainbow trout and sturgeon.

No scarring was reported in the following rivers: Little Carp (S-4), Big Carp (S-5), Stokeley (S-36), Sable (8-54), and Little Gravel (S-369).

Table I presents the total number of fish and per cent scarred for three species of fish only. Details of scarring, including number 'of type per fish, will be included in a manuscript report.

Table I. Total number of fish examined of the three species not subject to scarring and per cent scarred in Lake Superior streams, 1959.

FRB -S Rainbow Trout White Sucker LonRnose Sucker - Nanie Total Total To Total

24 Goulais R. - - 271 5.9 13 0 39 Harmony R. 6 0 111 7.2 - - 48 Chippewa R. 3 0 1149 0.2 71 0 52 Batchawana R. 5 0 2292 0.1 326 0 56 Pancake R. 19 0 81 0 112 0.9 93 Agawa R. 27 0 484 7.0 2688 1.8 16'7 Michipicoten R. 6 0 52 3.8 8 0 202 Dog R. 3 0 29 6.9 2 0 360 Pays Plat R. • 1 0 86 4.7 ,16 6.3 368 Big Gravel R. - - 648 25.9 26 11.6 374 Cypress R. 10 40.0 298 26.5 557 11.6 385 Jackfish R. - - 703 14.1 9 0 570 McIntyre R. 18 16.7 783 2.9 2 0 571 Neebing R. 33 0 1357 3.1 - - 15

J. J. Tibbles Appendix 5

CO-OPERATION WITH U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ON STREAM TREATMENTS, LAKE SUPERIOR, 1959

During the fall of 1958, the technique of applying a specific lampricide to streams was developed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, personnel at Hammond Bay and at Marquette, Michigan. During that time two streams, on the Canadian side of Lake Superior, were treated with lampricide (see 1958-59 report).

The Fisheries Research Board, as agent of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, agreed to try to treat the maJority of the streams, inhabited by sea la-mpreys, on the Canadian side of Lake Superior during the 1959 season. To find personnel to conduct these treatments, surveys on Lake Huron had to be terminated and the men, along with other untrained personnel from the lamprey barriers operation unit s had to be re-assigned to a newly formed crew for stream-- treatnrents.

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel and the Fisheries Research Board personnel. acted Jointly as a co-operative teem to apply lampricide to streams both on the America-n and Canadian sides of Lake Superior. This "team -approach* not only provided for more efficient use of equipment and facilities of both agencies, but also provided training and experience for the Canadian personnel.

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel assisted with all their men and equipment on treatment of the following Canadian streams between June 30 and July 24: West Davignon, Big Carp, Harmony, Stokeley, Sable, and Batchawana; and also gave some assistance on the Pays Plat between August 17 and August 30, and on the Kaministikwia, which was not treated, between November 1 and November 7.

The full Fisheries Research Board crew with equipment assisted in trearroent of the follow-ing streams an the U.S.A. side between May 8 and June 19: Big Garlic,.Seven Mile; Lowney, Miners, Au Train, Little Two Hearted, and Big Two Heatted; and gave partial assistance on the following streams between Angust 13 and 27: Pendilles, Noginosh, Harlow, and Pine.

Sonie of the Canadian crew observed treatments of the Brule River and Fish Creek in Wisconsin in April, 1959.

••• ••• ••••• ••• •• ** *** • •••• •• 16

J. J. Tibbles Appendix

SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE INVOLVED IN APPLICATION OF NITROPHENOLS, USED AS LAMPRICIDES FOR SEA LAMPREY CONTROL

1. _Pre-treatment surveys - intensive surveys with electrical shocking devices are conducted to determine the distribution of sea lamprey ammocoetes both in the main stream and tributaries.

2. Selection of feeder sites - is established from information concerning the sea lamprey distribution, accessibility, radio communication, and location of tributaries, rapids, falls and natural barriers. These sites must be selected beyond the upper limits of distribution of sea lampreys.

3. Bio-assaL.- to determine the limits of concentration of lampricide. : - The bio-assay isperformed, with rainbow.trout and larval lampreys,. by subjecting.,

- them to appropriate concentrations of the lampricide'in. replicated . containers in .

-a. --mobile laboratory or at the Hammond Bay laboratory in Michigan. The concentrations _lethal to 10070 of the - aminocoetes within a 4-6 . hour period_ and to. 10-2510 of the trout afteran 18-24 hour exposure . is determined... As these limits vary, for • individual streams .,from season to season and day ro day, the bio-.assay must be carried _our-immediately' befoie . treatment. . , . 4, Chemical requirements - after estimates have been made of the - volume of flow in cubic feet per second, with standard hydrograPhic current

- meters, at the feeder sites and other strategic locations on the watershed, the amount of chemical required for application can be computed,from the following formula:

= K x C1x

where C = concentration of chemical required in.ppm C1 = concentration of stock solution in grams/litre = rate of feed in gallons/hour (U.S. gallons) F = stream flow in cubic feet/second K = constant

Rate of flow ----must be determined - where two or more feeders are concerned to ensure thar - the 18 hour- sections of treated stream. water will>meet. at the confluence of the .main stream. and tributaries at approximately. the same time. This is tequired to —maintain the -concentration of chemical above the pre- determined lower lethal limit for 'lampreys throughout the watershed. Fluorescein dye is used for this purpose. The • "dye check" also indicates expected time of arrival of chemical at sample 'collecting stations and also the expected duration of treatment period.

6. Duration of treatznent (time chemical is administered at "feeder sites") - is established by the rate of flow and is also influenced by the proximity 17

of the "feeder site to the mouth of the stream. The treatment period gen- erally approaches 18 hours, but may be varied according to local c