Turkey's Kurdish Conflict: an Assessment of the Current Process
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Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey's Kurdish Initiatives
ARTICLE IDENTITY, NARRATIVE AND FRAMES: ASSESSING TURKEY’S KURDISH INITIATIVES Identity, Narrative and Frames: Assessing Turkey’s Kurdish Initiatives JOHANNA NYKÄNEN* ABSTRACT In 2009 the Turkish government launched a novel initiative to tackle the Kurdish question. The initiative soon ran into deadlock, only to be un- tangled towards the end of 2012 when a new policy was announced. This comparative paper adopts Michael Barnett’s trinity of identity, narratives and frames to show how a cultural space within which a peaceful engage- ment with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) would be deemed legiti- mate and desirable was carved out. Comparisons between the two policies reveal that the framing of policy narratives can have a formative impact on their outcomes. The paper demonstrates how the governing quality of firmness fluctuated between different connotations and references, finally leading back to a deep-rooted tradition in Turkish governance. ince 1984 when the PKK commenced its armed struggle against the Turkish state, Turkish security policies have been framed around the SKurdish question with the PKK presented as the primary security threat to be tackled. Turkey’s Kurdish question has its roots in the founding of the republic in 1923, which saw Kurdish ethnicity assimilated with Turkishness. In accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), only three minorities were and continue to be officially recognized in Turkey: Armenians, Jews and Greeks. These three groups were granted minority status on the basis of their religion. Kurdish identity – whether national, racial or ethnic – was not recognized by the republic, resulting in decades of uprisings by the Kurds and oppressive and * Department assimilative politics by the state. -
Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005 Isa Afacan [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-31-2011 Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005 Isa Afacan [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI11041509 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Afacan, Isa, "Turkish-American Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005" (2011). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 347. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/347 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA, 1990-2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Isa Afacan 2011 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Isa Afacan, and entitled Turkish-American Relations in the post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Thomas Breslin _______________________________________ Aisha Musa _______________________________________ Charles MacDonald _______________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 31, 2011 The dissertation of Isa Afacan is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Interim Dean Kevin O’Shea University Graduate School Florida International University, 2011 ii © Copyright 2011 by Isa Afacan All rights reserved. -
200605092.Pdf
ALPARSLAN TÜRKEŞ BİRİNCİ YIL 2.o*L-3Z22 ARMAĞANI 04/04/1997 - 04/04/1998 M.H.P. GENEL MERKEZİ BASKI-CİLT MAVİ OFSET Matbaacılık San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Tel: 433 67 16-433 38 67 DİZGİ-GRAFİK TERSAÇI LTD. ŞTİ. TİC Tel: 417 86 10 KONU SAYFA BAHÇELİ, Devlet Başbuğ Alparslan Türkeş ve Milliyetçi Hareket 1-4 DENKDAŞ, R. Rauf Kıbrıs ve Türkeş 5-8 ELÇİBEY, Eblilfez Alparslan Türkeş Daim Yaşayacaktır 9-14 KIRIMOĞLU, Mustafa A. Alparslan Türkeş Unutulmaz Bir Şahsiyet 15-18 Olarak Hakk’ın Rahmetine Kavuştu AKTEPE, Eyüp Millet Sektörü 19-34 ARICI, Kadir Bilge Kağan'dan Günümüze Türk Devlet Felsefesinde Fukaralıkla Mücadele, Sosyal Dayanışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Politikaları 35-46 AYHAN, Rıza Hukuk ve Hukuk Devleti 47-56 CUNBUR, Müjgan Ağabeyim Türkeş Beğ 57-60 ÇARIKÇI, Emin Çağını Aşan Lider Başbuğ Türkeş 61-68 DONUK, Abdülkadir Türklerde Devlet Adamlığı ve Alparslan Türkeş 69-76 ERCİLASUN, Ahmet Bican Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Yakın Tarihinde Alparslan Türkeş’in Yeri 77-82 ERKAL, Mustafa Kültür-Kültürel Kimlik ve Türk Kimliği 83-98 GÜNGÖR, Ali Alparslan Türkeş, Köy-Köylü ve Tarım 99-110 GÜRGÜR, Nuri Alparslan Türkeş’te Tarih Şuuru 111-118 KAYA, Atilla Başbuğ ve Gençlik 119-128 KILIÇ, Ensar Sanat Ülkülerin Kanadıdır 129-136 KODAMAN, Bayram Milliyetçiliği Halka Mal Eden Adam: Alparslan Türkeş 137-150 KÖSOĞLU, Nevzat Türkeş’i Anarken 151-156 KÜÇÜK, Abdulrahman Alparslan Türkeş’in Din Anlayışı ve İslama 157-168 Bakışı ÖKSÜZ, Enis Vasat Kültür İle Bilgi Çağı Yakalanamaz 169-180 ÖZTUNA, Yılmaz Tarih Perspektifinde Alparslan Türkeş 181-186 SÜMER, Sabri Tabii Varlıklar, Ormanlar ve Çevre Koruma 187-204 ŞAHİN, Sümer Nükleer Enerji Ve Türkiye’de Durum 205-228 TAYLAK, Muammer Alparslan Türkeş Millet Meclisinde 229-264 TOSKAY, Tunca özelleştirme Sorunu Hakkında 265-278 TURAN, Kamil Türkeş ve Türk Sendikacılık Hareketi 279-286 YILDIRIM, Dursun Türkeş ve Türk Kurultayı 287-290 Makaleler Soyadına göre alfabetik sırayla dizilmiştir. -
Turkey and Iraq: the Perils (And Prospects) of Proximity
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT I RAQ AND I TS N EIGHBORS Iraq’s neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of “the new Iraq.” As part of the Institute’s “Iraq and Henri J. Barkey Its Neighbors” project, a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region and on the domestic politics of the individual countries is assessing the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq. In addition, these specialists are examining how Turkey and Iraq the situation in Iraq is impacting U.S. bilateral relations with these countries. Henri Barkey’s report on Turkey is the first in a series of USIP special reports on “Iraq The Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity and Its Neighbors” to be published over the next few months. Next in the series will be a study on Iran by Geoffrey Kemp of the Nixon Center. The “Iraq and Its Neighbors” project is directed by Scott Lasensky of the Institute’s Research and Studies Program. For an overview of the topic, see Phebe Marr and Scott Lasensky, “An Opening at Sharm el-Sheikh,” Beirut Daily Star, November 20, 2004. Henri J. Barkey is the Bernard L. and Bertha F. Cohen Professor of international relations at Lehigh University. He served as a member of the U.S. State Department Policy Planning Staff (1998–2000), working primarily on issues related to the Middle East, the eastern Mediterranean, and intelligence matters. -
Conflict Geographies of Water Pollution in Thrace Region of Turkey
CONFLICT GEOGRAPHIES OF WATER POLLUTION IN THRACE REGION OF TURKEY by Eda Acara A thesis submitted to the Department of Geography In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May, 2015) Copyright ©Eda Acara, 2015 i Abstract This thesis addresses the tension between industrial development policies and environmental protection and the rising pollution levels in the City of Lüleburgaz in Thrace region, a peripheral region of Istanbul, Turkey. The environmental narratives of second- third-generation Muslim-Balkan immigrants, who began arriving in the early 20th Century, and Kurdish migrants, who arrived in Lüleburgaz in the post-1990 era, express conflict geographies of pollution across communities and between the communities and the state. Heavy pollution in the Ergene River, where the river is declared “dead,” is not a mere accident but rather a facet of neoliberal environmental governance. A politics of non-governance Conflicting narratives of Muslim-Balkan immigrants and Kurdish migrants uncover multiple layered conflict geographies of water pollution in Thrace region by grappling with the question of how “the nation” is continously reterritorialized within neoliberalized constructions of environment and river politics at the community and policy realms. Ethnic-class segregation leads to different community demands with regard to river pollution and environmental degradation in neighbourhoods characterized by different materialities of housing and occupation, a particular facet of non-governance that creates landscapes of invisibility. This analysis contributes to theories on “actually existing neoliberalism” and the ways through which the nation and its various territorial practices at different epochs of neoliberalization processes not only create consent for neoliberalization practices, but also give way for historical and racialized ethnic conflicts to survive. -
SYRIA External Dashboard
4.1 million people assisted in April OTHER RELIEF ACTIVITIES Protracted Relief & through General Food Distributions April 2017 Recovery Operation 200988 9 CBT nutrition support for d 5 million in need of Food Assisted 4.1 11,730 4 4.0m 4.0m* Pregnant and Nursing & Livelihood Support Humanitarian Women 4.0m Access oar 3 3.5m 3.8** Specialised nutrition FUNDING May 2017 May b products for May - October 2017 4.53 2 129,000* million in need in hard- children, pregnant and US$257m* ational Planned nursing women r to-reach and besieged 1 Net Funding Requirements ash areas CHALLENGES Ope Fortied School OPERATIONAL Emergency Operation 200339 Emergency BENEFICIARIES 0 Snacks for over Insecurity Funding D Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 260,500** children 6.3 y * This includes nutrition products for the *The 4.0 million figure includes a buffer of food assistance for 120,660 people, * Including confirmed pledges and solid forecasts million IDPs c prevention and treatment of malnutrition. COMMON SERVICES which can be used for convoys, new displacements and influx of returnees. Source: WFP 10 May 2017 **Voucher Based Assistance reached 1,086 **Based on dispatches Out of School Children. en g Cizre 4,910 T U R K E Y Kiziltepe-Ad Nusaybin-Qamishly g! 4,257 Sanliurfa 3,888 ! Darbasiyah !( CARGO !( g! !Gaziantep !( Adana g!!( !( !( g! Peshkabour TRANSPORTED ! " R d Al Y!(aroubiya 3 E FEB-17 MAR-17 APR-17 (m ) mer Ayn al Arab !( - Rabiaa Islahiye Bab As Salama-Kilis g! !( !( Qamishly d"! g! !(g! g! Ceylanpinar-Ras Al Ayn !(* ST E ! g c * Karkamis-Jarabulus Akcakale-Tall -
The Functioning of Democratic Institutions in Turkey
http://assembly.coe.int Doc. 15272 21 April 2021 The functioning of democratic institutions in Turkey Report1 Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) Co-rapporteurs: Mr Thomas HAMMARBERG, Sweden, Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, and Mr John HOWELL, United Kingdom, European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance Summary The Monitoring Committee is deeply concerned about recent developments in Turkey which have further undermined democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Procedures seeking to lift the parliamentary immunity of a third of the parliamentarians (overwhelmingly from opposition parties), the attempt to close the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and the continued crackdown on its members put political pluralism and the functioning of democratic institutions at risk. The presidential decision of 20 March 2021 to withdraw from the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (CETS No.210, the Istanbul Convention) to combat violence against women and domestic violence is a regrettable step backwards, made without any parliamentary debate, which raises the question of the modalities of denunciation of conventions in democratic societies. The committee also urges the immediate release of Selahattin Demirtaş and Osman Kavala following the final judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. In order to reverse these worrying trends, the Turkish authorities should seize the opportunity of implementing the Human Rights Action Plan and revising the legislation on elections and political parties to take meaningful steps, put an end to the judicial harassment of opposition and dissenting voices, improve freedom of expression and media and restore the independence of the judiciary, in co-operation with the Council of Europe 1. -
Geology of Tunceli - Bingöl Region of Eastern Turkey
GEOLOGY OF TUNCELİ - BİNGÖL REGION OF EASTERN TURKEY F. A. AFSHAR Middle East Technical University, Ankara ABSTRACT. — This region is located in the Taurus orogenic belt of the highland district of Eastern Turkey. Lower Permian metasediments and Upper Permian suberystalline limestone are the oldest exposed formations of this region. Lower Cretaceous flysch overlies partly eroded Upper Permian limestone discordantly. The enormous thickness of flysch, tuffs, basaltic - andesitic flows, and limestones constitute deposits of Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous, and Lower Eocene; the deposits of each of these periods are separated from the others by an unconformity. Middle Eocene limestone is overlain discordantly by Lower Miocene marine limestone which grades upward into lignite-bearing marls of Middle Miocene and red beds of Upper Miocene. After Upper Miocene time, this region has been subjected to erosion and widespread extrusive igneous activities. During Permian this region was part of Tethys geosyncline; in Triassic-Jurassic times it was subjected to orogenesis, uplift and erosion, and from Lower Cretaceous until Middle Eocene it was part of an eugeosyncline. It was affected by Variscan, pre-Gosauan, Laramide, Pyrenean, and Attian orogenies. The entire sedimentary section above the basement complex is intensely folded, faulted, subjected to igneous intrusion, and during five orogenic episodes has been exposed and eroded. INTRODUCTION In the August of 1964 the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey assigned the writer to undertake geologic study of the region which is the subject of discussion in this report. This region is located in the highland district of Eastern Turkey, extending from Karasu River in the north to Murat River in the south. -
Political Violence and War
Chapter 2 Political Violence and War In their respective conclusions to examinations of the literature on possible linkages between internal and external conflict, both Stohl (1980) and Levy (1989) decry the apparent lack of theory development as the main impediment to progress in our understanding and the accumulation of knowledge on this subject. Stohl goes on to claim that, The construction of an adequate theory of conflict linkages is dependent upon the reciprocal development of theories of political conflict and violence in general. As previously indicated, theorists of internal and external conflict have avoided consideration of conflict outside their particular focus when constructing their theories. The evidence we have reviewed...suggests that this has been an error and thus a hindrance to the development of conflict theory. (Stohl 1980, 326) It is, however, unusual within the political science discipline for scholars to lend much credence to such linkage and other macro-theoretical arguments. The skeletal structure lent to our global security affairs by the construction of modern political states demarcated by spatial borders and exclusive juridical domains provides a strong rationale for closure, compartmentalization, and specialization in scholarship. Yet, the idea of a nexus between internal and external conflict, and especially warfare, gains in both saliency and immediacy as the political borders separating the internal from the external become more permeable. It seems almost facetious to suggest that the key to an understanding of any nexus between internal and external political conflict should focus on the agency and structure of that which defines the distinction, that is on political borders themselves. -
A Great and Sudden Change: the Global Political Violence Landscape Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
A Great and Sudden Change: The Global Political Violence Landscape Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic acleddata.com/2020/08/04/a-great-and-sudden-change-the-global-political-violence-landscape-before-and-after-the- covid-19-pandemic/ August 4, 2020 In this special report, ACLED Research Analyst Melissa Pavlik reviews key findings from 16 weeks of data recorded by our COVID-19 Disorder Tracker, highlighting the most significant changes to global political violence and demonstrations trends since the onset of the pandemic. Introduction The coronavirus pandemic has brought at least half of the world under lockdown ( New York Times, 3 April 2020), and killed — at the time of writing — over half a million people (Johns Hopkins University, 31 July 2020). As humanity struggles against this deadly threat, the virus has transformed political priorities and behavior across the globe. Political conflict is a function of politics: as politics shift, so too do political violence patterns. The end of June marked 16 weeks since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic (WHO, 11 March 2020). Since March, the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) has monitored resulting shifts in political violence and protest patterns around the globe through the COVID-19 Disorder Tracker (CDT). The project has documented varying responses across countries and contexts. In some places, reactionary populist leaders refused to take the virus seriously, preferring to perform politics as usual against a backdrop of the rising death toll. In others, power shifted between the people and the state, with the pandemic bringing a halt to mass protest movements and increasing the opportunity for government repression (Foreign Policy, 21 July 2020). -
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Ulud. Uniu. Zir. Fak. Derg. , (1986) 5: 19-26 GENERAL ASPECT OF HORTICULTURE IN BURSA Atilla ERİŞ* Vedat ŞEN1Z * * Arif SOYLU*** SUM MARY Bursa has a special place in Turkey from the horticultural point of uiew. Fruit species such as oliue, peach, grcıp e , apple, plum, pear, cherry, walnut, chest niıt, fig, strawberry and quince and almost all summer and w in ter uegetable specieı that haue important additiues to total production of Turkey are grown in this uicinity extensiuely. Vegetable species such as tomato, bean, pepper and pea whiciı especially processedin industry, and o nion are produced much than others. In this study, current aspect of horticulture in Bursa prouince was identi{ied; and its economic dimensions and technical problems were explained. ÖZET bursa 'da Bahçe Bitkileri Tanınının Genel Durumu Bahçe bitkileri yetiştiriciliğ i açısından Bursa 'nın Türkiye 'de özel bir yeri uar dır. Yörede Türkiye toplam üretimine önemli katkıları olan zeytin, şeftali, üzüm, elmd, erik, armut, kiraz, ceuiz, k eıtan e , incir, çilek ue ayua gibi meyue türleri ile he men hemen tüm yazlık ue kışlık sebze türleri çok yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Sebzelerden bilha11a sanayide çok iş lene n domates, fasulye, biber, bezelye gibi türler ile soğan · diğ erlerinde n daha da fazla üretilmektedir. Bu çalış mada bahçe bitkilerinin Bursa y ö reıind eki m eucut durumu tan ı tıl mış , ekonomik boyutları ue belirlenen sorunları açıklanmı ş tır. INTRODUCTION It is seldom to find regions which are suitable to horticulture at various alti tutes from sea level up to 2.000 m in the world. Bursa has an important place among these regions having about 1.104.301 ha agricultural area according to the recent statistics (Anonymous 1983 c). -
Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey's
Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Policy Ayşegül Aydin Cem Emrence turkey project policy paper Number 10 • December 2016 policy paper Number 10, December 2016 About CUSE The Center on the United States and Europe (CUSE) at Brookings fosters high-level U.S.-Europe- an dialogue on the changes in Europe and the global challenges that affect transatlantic relations. As an integral part of the Foreign Policy Studies Program, the Center offers independent research and recommendations for U.S. and European officials and policymakers, and it convenes seminars and public forums on policy-relevant issues. CUSE’s research program focuses on the transforma- tion of the European Union (EU); strategies for engaging the countries and regions beyond the frontiers of the EU including the Balkans, Caucasus, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine; and broader European security issues such as the future of NATO and forging common strategies on energy security. The Center also houses specific programs on France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey. About the Turkey Project Given Turkey’s geopolitical, historical and cultural significance, and the high stakes posed by the foreign policy and domestic issues it faces, Brookings launched the Turkey Project in 2004 to foster informed public consideration, high‐level private debate, and policy recommendations focusing on developments in Turkey. In this context, Brookings has collaborated with the Turkish Industry and Business Association (TUSIAD) to institute a U.S.-Turkey Forum at Brookings. The Forum organizes events in the form of conferences, sem- inars and workshops to discuss topics of relevance to U.S.-Turkish and transatlantic relations.