California Highways and Public Works, May-June, 1956

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Canada Canada Ofticials Ofticials Study Study in in Highways Highways

California______.

Sacramento, Sacramento, California

6y 6y Robert Robert hl. hl.

Kelly, Kelly, Resider' Resider' Eny?nezr

O. O.

box box

1499 F. F.

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------Desert Desert

Highway, Highway, Illustrated Illustrated

`"✓ORKS

70 CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA HI~HV~dAYS HI~HV~dAYS ~'`,ND ~'`,ND PUC~LIC PUC~LIC

C. C. 6y 6y W. W. Daktibm, Daktibm,

Assistcnt Assistcnt Public Public Director Director Works, Works, of of Contra Contra Costa Costa

County

Address Address

communicafions communicafions

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------Another Another

Freeway, Freeway, ------Illustrated .. ..

.. .. 68

upon upon request.

Employees Employees Receive Receive 25 -year -year Awards------

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use use contained contained matter matter herein. herein. Cuts Cuts will will be be gladly gladly loaned

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------Highway Highway -- fornia. fornia. - -- -- Editors Editors newspapers newspapers Contracts Contracts -- -- of of and and Awarded others others are are privileged privileged _. _.

to -.. -.. 6~

Published Published in in the the of of interest interest

highway highway development development

in in Cali-

Ey Ey Don Don Frischer, Frischer, Engineer P.esident P.esident

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------— ------Tough Tough Job, Job, - - Illustrated Illustrated

-... -... 5S

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------Out Out of of Bag Bag the the Mail Mail

By By Earl Earl E. E. Sorenson, Sorenson, Equipment Equipment Engi~~eer

Mobile Mobile Office Office

Trailers Trailers Designed Designed by by Stare, Stare, Illustrated__ Illustrated__

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-.. -.. ------CostIndex CostIndex -

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Griffith Griffith Company Company Wins Topp Wins 1555 1555 =r =r `or `or BesT BesT VII VII Contract. Contract. District District ______..

New New

Highway Highway

Teletype Teletype System System is is

Installed _------48

Original Original Flighway Flighway Commission Commission Had Had

Problems Problems Too, Too, Illustrated__.______Illustrated__.______47

Photogrammetry Photogrammetry

Program Program Expanded_ Expanded_ _....----- _._._. _._._. ..____ ..____ _------___------~:~

By By Ross Ross Dewdney, Dewdney, Department Department of of Metor Metor Vehicles

Observations Observations

on on Highways Highways in in New New

Zeal and... -_ ------___..__-_ ------___- -___- __- - __- _- _------__- _--___- _--___- -_ -_ 44

By By F. F. John John Kelly, Kelly, Headquarters Headquarters Right Right of of Way Way Aaent

Tulare Tulare Bypass, Bypass, Illustrated Illustrated ______. _. _ _ -_. -_. ______

The The

Story Story 4D 4D of of US US and and US US 50 50 ______

By By Holum, Holum, k1. k1. C. C. Assistant Assistant Engineer High~n~gy High~n~gy

Susanville- Alturas Alturas

Road Road Gets Gets Improvement, Improvement, Illvs! rated rated ______. __. ______...______.______36

H. H. Clyde Clyde Ey Ey Dis4rid Dis4rid Amesbury, Amesbury, Traffic Traffic Engineer

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- --__ --__ Sacramento Sacramento

Canyon, Canyon, Illustrated Illustrated ..___-_-_- ..___-_-_- ______- _- -___ -___ _. _. -__- _- _ -__-- -__-- 32

By By Helen Helen Halsted, Halsted, Editor Assistant Assistant

- -

------__ -__ ------_ — — 40, 40, ------Illustrated Illustrated US US

Georye Georye Leatherwood, Leatherwood, By By Advcnce Advcnce District District Planning Planning Engineer

Freeway, Freeway, Redwood Redwood Illustrated____ Illustrated______- _ _ - -.... -.... _------_ -_ . . _ ------_ -_ 25

C. C. By By WiggingTOn, WiggingTOn, Highway Highway Assistant Assistant Engineer

Silver Silver Illustrated Illustrated Strand, Strand, _ ------.___ ------__ -__ 21

A. A. Pardee, Pardee, By By Lyall Lyall City City Engineer, Engineer, Los Los Angeles City City of of

FourTh FourTh Street Street Illustrated Illustrated Project, Project, _------_. - -- -- . . ------. -. - -_ -_ _ _ _------14

Associate Associate E. E. D. D. Drew, Drew, Engineer By By - Geologist

First First Tunnel, Tunnel, Highway Highway Illustrated Illustrated --__..------._------__ -__ ------...------_. -_. 12

George George M. M. By By Webb, Webb, Trc~c Trc~c Engineer

Dire:tions Dire:tions the the Traveler, Traveler, for for Illustrated

Dudley, Dudley, Clay Clay Photographic Photographic L. L. Section, Section, Department Department of of Public Public Works; Works; M. M. R. R. Nickerson, _Cover Chief Chief

Wild Wild in in Bloom Bloom Flowers Flowers Along Along State State 140, 140, RouTe RouTe US US 399, 399, in in DisTrict, DisTrict, Arvin Arvin Kern Kern PhoTo PhoTo County. by

Page

Vo1.35 Vo1.35 May -June -June Nos.5 -6

MERRITT MERRITT NICKERSON, NICKERSON, R. R. Chief Chief Photographer

and and forks Public Public

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Sacramento ~

Callfornla Callfornla hWa hWa HI HI s

7weff}h 7weff}h and and N N Streets

Public Public Works Works Building WORKS.

~~ ~~ _ . ° ~ ~, s directions for the Traveler dire O~ Hundreds of Years Old

By GEORGE M. WEBB, Traffic Engineer

FOR HTJNDREDS Of yeaPS~ Slg'IIpOSt5 only the first letter of the place name. have guided the traveler on his way, Some of the old milestones carried whether a pilgrim traveling on foot or only the number. The traveler was a motorist on an eight-lane freeway. expected to know where the roads Ancient traffic signs are described in led. the 1954-55 winter issue of Road In- Pioneer Signs on US 50 terncrtional. One relic of the past, Travelers along modern US 50 be- nearly 300 years old, is located in Eng- tween Placerville and Lalce Tahoe can land upon the Cotswolds at the inter- still glimpse some of the stone mile- section of the roads to Gloucester and posts on which have been engraved Worcester. This is believed to be the the distance easterly from Placerville. oldest signpost in Britain. It is care- In Central Illinois, rural road markers fully preserved by the British highway of a generation ago consist of a map authorities. Four iron arms point the cast in iron, with the location of the ways to Worcester, to Oxford, to particular marker indicated by a star. This marker on US 50 in EI Dorado Counfy shows the distance fo Placerville Warwick, and to Gloucester. Thus, by careful and leisurely inspec- When a traveler wanted to know tion, the traveler could determine his how far it was to any one of these location and his route. safe, orderly, and smooth flow of towns, he consulted the side of the These signs of bygone days would traffic. appropriate arm. It is known as the Cross-Hands. be of little value with present-day The Division of Highways con- Old milestones are also found in speeds and traffic volumes. Today, tinually studies and improves signing Britain which give distances and di- traffic signs are recognized as an in- techniques to keep pace with the ever- rectional information to the traveler. tegral part of a modern highway— increasing traffic demands and to pro- The distances are given to towns with essential to its operation and to the vide California motorists with superior signing service. Signposting has changed throughout. the years along Iron "map" served as guide fo fraveler in early days of mnforing in Cenfral Illinois with other highway features, but its (Photo courtery of Macon County Road Deparfinent) purpose to guide the traveler remains the same as in olden times.

Au4o Increased Travel When the automobile came into popular use, people traveled farther and faster than ever before. Longer trips over new roads -were commonplace, and there were more people using strange roads far from their homes. This increased travel, particularly travel for long distances, created a strong demand for legible signs. As highways and automobiles improved, speeds increased and so did the need for adequate highway signs that could he read from a moving car.

Types of Signs and Uniformity There are three general types of traffic signs in use today: 1, Warning signs to caution drivers of the need for added alertness or reduction in speed;

2 California Highways 2. Regult~to~y signs to inform motorists of regulations governing mave- rnent; 3. Guide signs for guidance and directional information. Obviously, traffic signs of all types should follow uniform standards and be placed in accordance with uniform practice so th"ey will have the same meaning and require the same action on the part of motorists wherever encountered. State-wide uniformity on county roads, city .streets, and state highways minimizes drivers' confusion and contributes materially to the safe, orderly, and expeditious movement of traffic. National uniformity is liketivise important. California follows the general standards of the 1~~lanual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways approved by the Amer- ican Association of State Highway Officials, Institute of Traffic Engi- neers, and the National Committee oii Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordi- nances. State-wide uniformity on county roads and city streets, as well as state highways, is encouraged by membership and active participation in the deliberations of the California Sign Committee, the Engineering Di- vision of the Governor's Traffic Safety Conference, and other professional groups.

General Rules for Use of Signs Signs are essential where special regulations apply, where unusual conditions are not self-evident, and to furnish directional information. They should be used wherever there is a real need but not profusely. Too many signs detract from the effectiveness of those necessary for safety and guidance. Well-known rules of the road or general provisions of the Vehicle Code are not generally required on traffic signs. Drivers are expected to know UPPER—Diamond-shaped yellow sign indicates a warning; reflecforized arrow specifically warns of curve the rules for safe operation of their to right ahead. LOWER—Speed Limit signs are most familiar examples of regulatory type sign.. vehicles, and a multiplicity of needless signs. with long messages would signs, as the name implies, is to guide The modern highway with ade- be distracting and serve no useful motorists along routes and to destina- quate visibility and easy curvature to purpose. ~ tions of their choice, to inform motor- accommodate all normal driving Guide Signs ists of intersecting routes, to direct to speeds reduces the need for warning Except for the foregoing general cities or towns, and, to a lesser extent, and regulatory signs. However, the in- comments, this discussion is limited to to furnish information and to identify creased width and higher speeds, and guide signs. The function of guide locations not readily apparent. the necessity for making decisions far

and Public Works 3 tions on the committee are directly concerned with highway signing. All matters pertaining to type, size, color, positioning, and use of signs are agreed upon after considerable study by this committee, and the several members observe these agreements very closely. Although this organization is advisory only, it has been very effective in securing uniformity on California roads, streets, and highways. Informal meetings of this committee are held as needed, generally several times a year.

Basic Principles and Standard Practice Certain principles must be followed if signing is to achieve the best re- sults in guidance and safety. One such principle is that the number of place Directional information is purpose of guide signs names which can be used effectively on a single sign is distinctly limited. Except under very unusual conditions, in advance of turnoffs or intersections many cases removes. traffic from con- the number should not exceed three. greatly increases the importance of the gested business streets. This traffic is Drivers of vehicles moving at present- guide signs. This is particularly true diverted to the newly constructed day speeds are unable to read a long on full freeways. Practically no warn- routes, generally freeways, which by- list of place names and directional ing signs are needed on freeways ex- pass the main business district. This arrows. Neither can they stop or slow cept on ramps and connections at makes the subject of adequate direc- down without hazard to traffic. interchanges. tional signing of great interest to many A study by the Institute of Trans- Like the early day traveler, the communities and areas throughout the portation and Traffic Engineering of motorist on present-day conventional State. The state-wide scope of the the University of California indicated problem highways takes advantage of familiar requires that it be treated uii that the number of drivers' errors in a uniform scenes, landmarks, buildings, and geo- state-wide basis. reading signs increases sharply- if the graphical features for information as The .state-wide signing practice of number of names on a sign exceeds to his whereabouts and the location of the Division of Highways has evolved three. This study also indicated that a intersections and points where choice through the years in meeting chang- dividing line between destinations in of direction is made; but the full free- ing conditions, increased traffic, and opposite directions is of great benefit ways, with wider rights of way and the growth of communities along the in reducing drivers' errors in reading no businesses or buildings of any kind expanding network of state highways. signs. As a result, it has now become fronting directly on the highway, pre- standard practice of the of Califorroia Sign Coo~roiittee Division sent a sameness which may make. Highways to use the dividing line be- identification of location difficult. This Current state highway signing prac- further brings out the need for guide tice, while it is the responsibility of the signs of adequate legibility placed a Division of Highways, was not devel- this sign once guided travelers in Southern Cali- considerable distance in advance of oped alone by this division. Much of fornia, but would obviously be impossible io read turnoffs. it stems from the studies and consulta- and digest from a vehicle driving on a modern It has been frequently said that ditions of the California Sign Commit- highway at normal speed rectional signs were needed only for tee which was organized to promote the infrequent user or the complete orderly, safe, and consistent signing R stranger on a highway. This is not throughout the State. 1VIembers of the true on the modern highway with ac- Sign Committee are the State. Division cess completely controlled and no of Highways; California State Auto- intersections at grade. Even frequent mobile Association; Automobile Club users need signs to identify locations of Southern California; California Su- and turnoffs. pervisors Association; League of Cali- fornia Cities; and Institute of Trans- State-wide Problem portation and Traffic Engineering of The extensive highway improve- the University of California. The indi- ment program now under way in viduals who represent these organiza-

4 California !-highways tween destinations on new standard directional signs or replacements.

Reassurance Signs To reassure motorists that they are on the right road and to tell them how far it is to points along the route, reassurance guide signs are placed facing outbound traffic at the outskirts of cities or towns and just beyond principal highway junctions. These signs generally show (1) the next town, (2) the next county seat, road junction, or important. city, and (3) the end of the route. All of the towns named are on the route being traveled. Where the road divides, locations in each direction may be shown, and cities designated as the termini may be alter- nated on the bottom line of successive signs. Distances are shown to the near- est mile for each destination. This reassurance sign does not need to be very prominent because it does not call for immediate action by the driver; but it must still be easy to read from a moving vehicle. The standards for this sign an freeways and major highways have recently been improved from plain five-inch letters to refl~ctorized six-inch letters. This makes for easy reading both day and night at highway speeds. Qn high-standard roads, in particular, signs must be both located and proportioned so that motorists may recognize the messages, comprehend the meaning, make decisions, and direct their vehicles into the proper lane without a reduction in speed.

Tip to Freeway Mo4orists When driving a freeway for the first time, a motorist should always consult a map to find out which exit will lead to his destination. A single exit in a metropolitan area generally leads to many city streets and destinations. Only the name of the street to which. the ramp connects. and one place name or route number can be shown on the sign; so the motorist must know the name of the exit where he wants to turn ofd. In other words, Newer guide signs incPude divider between destinateons in different directions a driver must know inkadvance where he wants to go if he expects to get and most ef~'icient route. Any message within the scope of proper highway there without confusion or mistakes. on a sign which would tend to influ- signing. The main purpose of highway guide ence the motorist's decision or to en- State and US Markers signs is to tell the motorist how to courage him to turn off the highway On any route, there are nearly al- reach his destination by the shortest at a particular road or area is not ways agreat number of possible desti- and Public Works 5

F7ig9~ways Califa~nia Califa~nia 6 6

routes by by for for existing existing US US through through or provided provided either either alignment, alignment, new new policies of of a a set set has has developed developed mittee mittee

otherwise traffic traffic interstate interstate on not not line line standards standards of of higher higher to to reconstructed reconstructed com- this this years, years, the the AASHO. AASHO. Over Over

necessary and and established established an an is a a when when highway highway carrying carrying Therefore, Therefore, route. route. of Committee Committee Executive Executive the the of of tion tion

highway improved improved adequately adequately US as as of of basic basic the the an an designated designated be be point point func- a a is is numbers numbers of of the the assignment assignment

showing definite definite a a is is there there service service stand- cept cept traffic traffic a a where where from from route route best best and routes routes US US The The sign sign of of selection selection

ex- extended extended be be shall shall isting isting road road that that to to US US the request request Highways Highways of of sion sion Public Public Bureau Bureau of of Roads.

ex- no no and and system, system, the the of of road road US US practice practice numbered numbered the the Divi- been been has has it it US the the and and Columbia, Columbia, District District of of the the

the to to added added be be shall shall road road with with these these additional additional policies, accordance accordance In In and Hawaii, Hawaii, Rico, Rico, ments ments Puerto Puerto of of

that that

AASHO AASHO is is "No the the of of

provision provision Depart- the the

Highway Highway partments partments and and

Policies AASHO AASHO

in in established established the the Included Included policies De- Highway Highway 48 48 the the of of State State up up made made

bered bered route. roads. best best and and routes routes shortest shortest Officials Officials is of of Highway Highway State State ciation ciation

basic basic the the num- as as is is the signed signed routing routing ]fines ]fines over over interstate interstate main main the the on on Asso- American American The The 1926. 1926. in in adopted adopted

this this new city city a a community, community, or or around around of of travel facilitating facilitating purpose purpose the the for for officially and and developed developed was was tem tem

sys- This This system. system. a a develop develop such such to to

Agriculture

of of the the by by Secretary Secretary asked asked daytime daytime as as reading well well as as nighttime nighttime easy easy reflecforized reflecforized for for and and signs signs larger larger are are reassurance reassurance type type New New

was association association The The highways. highways. bered bered

num- of of system system or or aplan aplan mulating mulating

of of for- the the for for purpose purpose a a committee committee

name to to operated, operated, time time that that at at Roads Roads

Public of of Bureau Bureau the the offices offices whose whose

under of of Agriculture, Agriculture, Secretary Secretary the the

requested (AASHO) (AASHO) Officials Officials way way

State State of of High- Association Association American American

the and and 20's, 20's, the the in in early early recognized recognized

was highways highways numbered numbered of of system system

nation a a -wide of of importance importance The The

Routes Numbered Numbered US US

information. directional directional quate quate

ade- generally generally in in provide provide use use markers markers

the the that that route and and such such assistance assistance

upon rely rely motorists motorists that that most most lieve lieve

be- We We available. available. are are neaps neaps readily readily

road and and a a of of map, map, road road assistance assistance the the

needs area area a a with with geographical geographical miliar miliar

unfa- motorist motorist a a in in tions tions California, California,

-day -day condi- present markers. markers. Under Under

route US US and and highway highway of of made made state state

is use use considerable considerable guidance, guidance, mary mary

of of pri- matter matter a a as as Consequently, Consequently,

signs. traffic traffic on on names names

for for place by by looking looking merely merely way way

his to to find find or or geography, geography, local local rection rection

di- the the of of knowledge knowledge general general without without

a a enable enable motorist, to to the the on on highways highways

of of signs number number a a place place sufficient sufficient to to

be be impossible would would it it Obviously, Obviously,

conditions. most most the the exceptional exceptional

under under but a a all all sign sign on on single single tions tions

of of destina- to to the the limit limit three three number number

to Traffic Traffic tation tation Engineering, Engineering, and and

of of the the of of Transpor- Institute Institute findings findings

in in with and, and, conformance conformance route, route, the the

on to to given given a a route route on on those those actually actually

of of the the naming naming locations restrict restrict to to sary sary

has has neces- been been it it found found wide wide practice, practice,

Asa Asa naming naming all all state- possibilities. possibilities. offs offs

turn- at at highways highways or or signs signs along along place place

to found found been been has has it it impracticable impracticable

highways, highways, and connecting connecting nations nations and and and for which traffic adequate service cannot be provided by state route numbers. "Extension of present US numbered routes may be made only when the proposed extension is in the general direction of the present route. "Proposed extensions shall not be made when, to do so, it is necessary to duplicate US routes already established, unless the duplication is for a short distance and the routes then di- verge, ending in different terminal points." There is obvious need for these well-established policies because designation of inadequate routes not providing the best traffic service would discredit the entire system of US numbered routes. Also, extensive or unwarranted use of alternate or business routes would result in confusion and lack of confidence in numbered routes on the part of motorists. For the sake of uniformity, US sign route policies are also followed in the establishment of California state sign routes insofar as they apply. The route numbers are used earten- sively by the makers of road maps. Businesses that cater to the traveler use route numbers to tie in the location of their businesses in their advertising.

Business Districts and Business Routes With the extension of the freeway system with no businesses fronting directly on the .highway, it becomes more and more important to designate UPPER—New type shields io indicate US and sfate-numbered routes are larger than before. LOWER— to motorists where services normally Motorisfs desiring fo enter the business district are clearly notified which direction to take. required by the,. traveler may be found. On directional signs, this is Business Route his way to the business section, trans- accomplished by designations such In cases of this type where a busi- act his business, and then proceed to as central distYict, business district, ness route would be of benefit to the find his way back to the main high- dozvntozvn, or civic center, and some- motorist, and local authorities are in way by following the route shields. times the name of a district or area accord and agree to place and main- The Division of Highways recog- within a city. tain the necessary signs, it is the divi- nizes that the business centers of by- It is frequently found desirable to sion's practice to recommend approval passed communities and along old designate a "business" route on a sec- to AASHO. When a business route is routes provide needed services to the tion of former state highway which approved, all directional signs on the highway user, and every effort is made is relinquished when the community state highway directing to the busi- to give recognition to these business which it serves is bypassed by a new ness route are installed and maintained districts in a manner consistent with freeway. Proposed business routes by the Division of Highways. The re- the principle of providing the best must be submitted fpr approval to maining signs on the business route are possible signing for all highway users. AASHO. These business routes are installed and maintained by the city Either overhead illuminated or re- principally within the corporate limits or county. flectorized signs are installed where of a city and provide the traveling The use of the business route is a practicable at the connections with public with the opportunity to travel convenient and logical way to direct the road leading to the business dis- through the business section. a stranger so that he can easily find trict and the main highway. In addi-

and Public Works 7

Highways California California $ $

a a of of reading a a sign sign and and sign sign standard standard uniform uniform plain plain intersection intersection to to to to desig- business business districts.

the ing ing advance advance of of in in was was road road sign sign direction business business roadside roadside the the frontage frontage that that use providing providing and and highway highway main main

of of placing placing a a the of of practice practice reflectorized on on use use and and sign sign development development routes routes the the read- not not business business indicate indicate

of of The to Hotel Hotel One One California. California. of of markers markers in in Association Association the the route route factors factors the important important with with business business signs signs

the the at at of of Motor a a discussed discussed was was agreed agreed upon. placing conference conference of of practice practice present present signing signing our our

In In to to was 1951, 1951, motel motel signing signing areas areas roadside roadside with business business is is near. near. the the and and consistent consistent intersection commodations commodations

ac- and and services services of of types types all all includes includes

business reading reading roadside roadside A A sign. sign. sign sign

to to

follow follow -pass -pass

or or city

enfer enfer

a on on place place to to long long

too too

was was

it it

cided cided

a a a a rural rural from from

is is turnoff turnoff fhe fhe Approaching Approaching fo

motorist motorist major major freeway, freeway, route route notified notified repeatedly repeatedly of of

de- was was it it but but considered considered seriously seriously

was The The word word sary. sary. acconanaodations acconanaodations

neces- term term seemed- Abroader Abroader tages. tages.

cot- or or cabins, cabins, tourist tourist inns; inns; resorts, resorts,

had had hotels, be be in in might might modations modations

accom- sleeping sleeping example, example, For For tions. tions.

loca- for for many many too too be be restricted restricted to to

seemed motels motels roadside roadside reading reading sign sign

A business. business. of of other other types types or or stands stands

or or roadside restaurants, restaurants, modations, modations,

accom- sleeping sleeping message message for for correct correct

the not not convey convey would would etc., etc., but but rages, rages,

ga- stations, stations, service service of of consisted consisted road road

frontage the the on on business business the the where where

for for locations satisfactory satisfactory considered considered

was services services reading reading roadside roadside sign sign A A

Business Roadside Roadside

etc. side side motels, motels,

~road- business business c~~~ea, c~~~ea, ~roc~dside ~roc~dside business, business,

Broadside services, services, as as roadside roadside such such

considered, were were wordings wordings carious carious

1949. 1949. with Signs Signs about about developed developed

freeways of of construction construction by by ~assed ~assed

by- roads roads old old on on or or roads roads frontage frontage on on

businesses to to signs signs roadside roadside directional directional

of of adequate providing providing The The problem problem

motorists.

for services services necessary necessary which which provide provide

for for those especially especially tions tions businesses, businesses,

be be loca- to to advantageous advantageous have have proven proven

Frontage Frontage as as road. road. frontage frontage roads a a

serve new new will will freeway, freeway, to to the the parallel parallel

of of old old roughly highway, highway, the the tions tions

old old por- or or the the way. way. Often Often highway, highway,

the the they they to to are are free- parallel parallel struction, struction,

- of of con In In case case new new road. road. frontage frontage the the

a as as type type road road of of is is This This designated designated

the the to to freeway. service service road road parallel parallel

a a by by of of local construction construction property property

to to the access access provide provide to to necessary necessary

tion tion the the is is to to it it freeway, freeway, frequently

suitable suitable leaves leaves no no system system and and connec-

the the existing existing from from road road or or local local street

developed developed freeway freeway separates separates property

When When of of the the construction construction anew

Roads Roads anal anal 6@oadsizle 6@oadsizle Frontage Frontage Business

provided.

district, district, signing signing is is supplementary supplementary also

tions tions to to from from the the the the freeway freeway business

are are tion, tion, where where there there other other connec-

1 ,<7 ,<7 / / ~^ ~^ nate these businesses would soon cause it to become known by the public. Motorists, when they recognized such a sign, would know that roadside services were available. A survey was made by the Division of Highways Right of Way Depart- ment on the effect of bypassing roadside business. •Operators of motels, restaurants, etc., were contacted and appeared satisfied with the wording of the signs, but expressed concern regarding their placement and visibility. As a result of this survey, the signs are now being placed farther in advance of the intersection and the roadside business signs are reflectorized for night visibility. As a further aid to motorists seeking roadside businesses, the roadside business signs are placed in the median as well as on the right shoulder on multi-lane divided highways, where the median is of sufficient width to accommodate the signs. One of the most important factors in the state- wide use of uniform standard signs reading vocrdside business is that their continued and consistent use will further increase their effectiveness.

MetropoliTan Freeway Signing It is a long step from the first roads and streets used by automobiles to the present-day six- and eight-lane freeways in the large metropolitan areas. Likewise, it is a long step from the early signing to that which is now required on these freeways which carr~~ a tremendous traffic load. It is a fact that the signing cannot be separated from the freeway because it is an integral part of it. Ade- quate signing is essential to complete- ness and satisfactory operation of the modern freeway. The high volumes carried by this type of facility greatly increase the signing requirements. For example, volumes which pre- clude changing lanes at will on the approach to an exit make it necessary to provide much greater advance notice of the turnoff. There was a time when 50 feet in advance of an inter- These signs for the information of motorists fall into fhe same category as the signs nn the opposite page section was adequate Later, the distance increased progressively to several hundred feet, to one-quarter mile, metropolitan freeway. This desirable proper traffic service in highly devel- to one-half mile, and now one mile is distance is not always obtainable, due oped areas. considered a desirable distance for the to limitations on design and the need Positive indications of the lane to first indication of a turnoff from a for frequent connections to provide use for different exits are very neces-

and Public Works 9

F-lighv~o~~rs California California 10 10

assurance assurance that positive positive no no are are world world seen be be the the and and will will drawing drawing boards, boards, information directional directional other other and and exit exit

the in in the the best best signs signs picture. picture. The The on only only most most part, part, for for is, is, the the next herein herein the the of of name name the the carry carry to to erected erected

of out out left left be be not not must must driver driver The The the the described new new signing signing be quently, quently, may may bridges bridges exits, exits, sign sign tween tween

Conse- signing signing is is of of be- way way developed. developed. Committee. locations locations intermediate intermediate At At 3. 3.

Sign a a and and new new stallations stallations better .California .California the the whenever whenever the the activities activities of of 2. ure ure

in- all all and and through revise revise previous previous designs designs and and good, good, largely largely very very exceptions, exceptions, Fig- turnoff. turnoff. preceding preceding the the lapping lapping

back few a a go go to to not not roads roads or or economical economical with with is, is, city city practical practical and and streets streets over- without without exit exit an an for for use use to to lane lane

is It It improved. improved. county being being of of are are quacy quacy California California signing signing on on continually continually proper the the of of notice notice advance advance possible possible

and and signing, ade- including including state state Uniformity Uniformity highways. highways. Highway Highway designs, designs, greatest the the motorists motorists give give will will This This

used used on 4. devices devices other other traffic traffic control control the the minimum. minimum. Figure Figure outside outside lane. the the of of center center approximate approximate

for for signs signs to policies policies and and and problem problem reduce reduce this this standards standards should should cations cations to to the downward downward pointing pointing arrow arrow an an

uniform setting setting forth forth lane lane indi- the the manual manual names names and and exit exit looseleaf looseleaf of of tition tition with ahead, ahead, exit exit next next the the of of name name the the

-to up an an -date by by repe- obtained obtained is is The The it. it. signing, signing, comprehending comprehending without without carry will will and and lane, lane, freeway freeway outside outside

effective necessary necessary for for sign vitally vitally placed placed so so ity, ity, aprominently- pass pass even even the over over be be normally normally will will sign sign the the

Uniform- traffic traffic of of control. control. field field the the frequently distraction, distraction, or or inattention inattention of side side other other The The ramp. ramp. the the of of center center

in high high nationally nationally and and signs signs rates rates way way through drivers, drivers, facts facts that that known known approximate the the to to downward downward ing ing

free-

illuminated illuminated a a overhead overhead is is well- 3. 3. veloping veloping It It Figure Figure signs. signs. nated nated point- arrow arrow vertical vertical a a with with -ramp -ramp off

de- the the in in lead lead taken taken has has California California overhead overhead illumi- on on times times three three erally erally the over over directly directly positioned positioned -ramp, -ramp, off

type type signing. of of gen- be be improved improved indicated indicated exits exits will will major major all all the of of name name the the carry carry signs signs will will These These

this for for urgent urgent most most the the is is of where where need need names names the the signing, signing, of of system system this this lanes. freeway freeway main main the the and and turnoff turnoff

locations and and at at projects projects new new only only of of the the on on motorists. motorists. With for for guidance guidance the between between area area triangular triangular the the in in

is, that that gore; gore; the the in in exits exits at at placed placed be be

will signs signs illuminated illuminated Overhead Overhead 2. 2.

services. desired desired

freeway freeway obtain obtain to to of of may may he he leave leave where where notifies notifies Business" Business" sign sign traveler traveler

"Roadside "Roadside Signs

Illuminated Illuminated Overhead Overhead

LOWER— area area ahead. ahead. business business roadside roadside indication indication motorist's motorist's of of is is first first sign sign "Frontage "Frontage — Road" Road" UPPER

nation.

their their to to desti- them them take take will will that that exit exit

the reach reach when when off off they they turn turn to to pared pared

pre- be be will will they they that that motorists motorists so so to to

reminders be be These These frequent frequent signs signs will will

conditions. local local fits fits which which best best name name

any any other numbers, numbers, or or route route names, names,

road names, names, street street be be exits exits the the would would

names names for The The on on bottom. bottom. the the added added

be then then distance distance would would name name exit exit and and

A A ne~v position. position. top top the the to to up up move move

would line line the the and and second second line line top top

from from the dropped dropped be be would would name name its its

was was passed, as as exit exit an an As As exits. exits. soon soon

three next next the the list list would would course, course, of of

and, exit exit passing passing an an after after practicable practicable

as as as soon soon be be located located signs signs will will These These

I. Figure Figure is is in in type type shown shown this this of of sign sign

A A tenths. tenths. typical in in and and miles miles thereto thereto

the the and and distance exits exits three three next next

the indicating indicating placed placed be be signs signs will, will,

seeking, are are they they which which exit exit the the to to

the the distance location location and and their their general general

of drivers drivers inform inform to to order order In In 1. 1.

are: signing signing of of system system

this of of features features main main The The freeways. freeways.

metropolitan for for devised devised been been has has

of of signing system system new new a a Highways, Highways,

of the the Division Division of of engineers engineers traffic traffic by by

this this problem study study of of After After careful careful

Signing of of System System New New

use. to to expect expect they they

-ramp off the the to to distance distance approximate approximate

the know know to to need need also also Drivers Drivers sary. sary. UPPfR—New type sign on Har- bor Freeway in Los Angeles with arrow pointing down to proper lane for Washington Blvd. exit. LOWER—Illuminated sign direcf- ing motorists fo bypassed area. FIG. 3 —Sign bridge with downward arrow for use at intermediate location between exits

FIG. 1 —New type freeway sign to inform drivers of their general fo- cation and the dis+once to the next three exiSs

FIG. 2—Overhead gore sign with downward arrows indicates proper lane to use

a few drivers won't make mistakes or take a wrong turn occasionally. Drivers must take their share of the responsibility. They should study a map when using a highway or a metropolitan freeway for the first time so they will know what routes to follow and where to turn off to reach their destination, and above all be alert and courteous, and follow the rules of the road at all times. Caeful, competent driving, combined with safe highways and adequate traffic signs, will surely contribute substantially to smooth, orderly traffic flow. end Public Works 1 1

Highways California California 12 12

short a a for for stopped stopped M. M. H. H. Navy Navy of of here." here." very a a is is "It "It diary, diary, his his in in reported reported

Brown 1793, 1793, a a ~'~~

when when as as Captain Captain arch, arch,

be be

sheltered sheltered could could navies navies and and Europe's Europe's party, the the of of guardian guardian the the spiritual spiritual

early as as

is is rancho rancho mentioned mentioned The The his his

All All majesty's majesty's harbor. harbor. and and fine fine large large

Crespi, Fr. Fr. nothing." nothing." saw saw "I "I recorded, recorded,

AND AND PEDRO PEDRO SAN SAN YERBA YERBA RANCHO RANCHO BUENA. and discovery discovery the the of of significance significance

the overlooked overlooked this this time time at at MUSSEL MUSSEL Portola Portola OF OF ROCK, LOCATION LOCATION

Bay. Francisco Francisco San San coast coast and and northern northern SHOWING MAP MAP INDEX INDEX

the of of

glimpse glimpse a a caught caught first first Portola, Portola,

de Gaspar Gaspar of of 1 command command under under Ortega, Ortega,

Jose Sergeant Sergeant 1769, 1769, that that 28, 28, tober tober

( (

Oc- on on Pedro, Pedro, San San Rancho Rancho of of part part a a

/ ~ ~

later Mountain,, Mountain,, Montara Montara from from was was It It

POIniT

1839.

26, 26, January January

on on him him to to granted granted PEORo 6An~ 6An~ PEDRO ,~'J ,~'J

acres

8,926.46 8,926.46 of of consisting consisting Pedro, Pedro, ~J

San Rancho Rancho the the

of of hacendado hacendado the the i~(~ i~(~ ~ SAN SAN

\~ time one one at at °u~ was was Californians, Californians, early early

the one one of of Sanchez, Sanchez, Francisco Francisco Don Don

Sanchez. Francisco Francisco Don Don probably probably

Iv ~ ~

dons, California California the the of of one one by by ago ago

~ ~

years many many built built been been

had had tunnel tunnel the the v~

that accord accord in in all all were were who who timers timers

old- of of made made were were inquires inquires tunnel, tunnel, the the

of history history some some obtain obtain to to order order In In

ROC{C °40~

37 Tunnel of of History History

MUSSEL

cliff. a a rock rock

high high by by blocked blocked is is

beach beach \\ ~ ~ ~ \\V \\V

the distance distance short short a a for for where where Rock Rock

Mussel at at is is of of interruption interruption point point

The Francisco. Francisco. San San in in Cliff Cliff House House the the

~- 1 1 near a a to to point point Salada Salada Laguna Laguna from from

extends strand strand beach beach unbroken unbroken almost almost

an seen seen that that will will be be it it photo photo air air or or

, ~. ~.

-~ ---~

map a a at at topographic topographic glancing glancing By By

~ the the of of tunnel. end end i i north north the the

beyond just just grade grade cut cut and and crude crude a a

i i of evidence evidence also also is is There There the the tunnel. tunnel.

walls walls of the the on on found found marks marks were were

pick and and chisel chisel low low tide, tide, at at nation nation

closer closer exami- Upon Upon coast. coast. the the along along

seen caves caves frequently frequently sea sea or or arches arches

the the natural to to one one of of be be

it it

appeared appeared

I ' ' ~ ~ FRANCISCO FRANCISCO

SAN SAN

first area. area. At At of of the the survey survey geological geological

(`~, BUEIJA BUEIJA a in in YERBA YERBA J J engaged engaged ago ago while while years years several several

tunnel the the first first noticed noticed writer writer The The

ocean. meets meets the the

Fault San San Andreas Andreas famous famous the the where where

from feet feet few few a a hundred hundred just just Rock, Rock,

at at Mussel of of San San Francisco Francisco south south

six six 1 1 miles about about Sign Sign Route Route near near

is is located in in California California way way tunnel tunnel

WHAT WHAT i22° i22° ~ 30' 30' high- the the oldest oldest probably probably IS IS

Department Research Research and and Materials Materials Geologist, Geologist, D12EW, D12EW, Engineer Engineer D. D. E. E. Associate Associate By By

1800's in in It It Bored Bored U U v v ~ ~ J J

I~(~ I~(~ Sanchez Francisco Francisco Don Don ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f f /~ /~ /~ /~ `\ `\ ~ ~ Four views of ancient tunnel and cut through Mussel Rock below Sign Route 1 in San Mateo County visit, anchoring at nearby San Pedro coast highway; it is in the lower San made as to the building material. At Point. According to legend, the origi- Pedro Valley. this time and in this place it may be nal Sanchez home was constructed in "It is not marked on the diseno of inferred that it was of adobe and noth- 1817. The material used was obtained 1839 but is found on several surveys ing has been found to indicate that this from a wrecked Spanish ship driven of the 'S0's and '60's, and labeled early adobe was not the one that is on to the beach at San Pedro Point. `Francisco Sanchez Old Adobe.' San- now standing. There is a local legend Several very old anchors can be seen chez had earlier, in 1834, applied for a that a house was: built there late in the today at the point. grant in this area but had been denied preceding century and that it had been In their Boole, "The Spanish and a grant because the land was occupied reconstructed in 1817 and that the Mexican Adobe and Other Buildings by Indians; before this grant was present dwelling was erected in 1842; in the Nine San Francisco Bay Coun- finally made he had occupied the land.. but nothing of a documentary nature ties 1776 to About X1850," G. W. His brother Jose de la Cruz Sanchez has been found as to these stories. Hendry and J. N. Bowman say: testified in the land case that he had "It is possible that he built a palizada "The Sanchez Adobe Dwelling a house on the land about 1837 or 1838 house about 1837 and an adobe soon stands on the north side of San Pedro and was living in it before the date of after the grant in 1839, but no evi- Creels and on the south side of the the grant; General Vallejo testified to dence has been found as to that fact. road about one mile east from the new the same facts; but no statement was ...Continued on page 52 and Public Works 13 Of ~ ~ ~~~ rQ ~~ Tragic Barrier in U ~ Los Angeles Removed

By LYALL A. PARDEE, City Engineer, City of Los Angeles

UPON THE COMPLETION Of the FOUI't~l The northerly roadway was con- Street open cut and elevated exten- structed to receive the off ramps from sions to the Harbor Freeway project both the northbound and southbound on May 1, 1956, the City of Los An- roadways of the Harbor Freeway and geles gained a sorely needed traffic to connect these ramps as well as artery through the Bunker Hill area Fourth Street with the present Fourth which has been a barrier to the down- Street project about 425 feet west of town business district of the City of Figueroa Street. All of this worl~ was Los Angeles for many years. built with the Harbor Freeway. celebrating the completion of this Passes Through Bunker Hill important cooperative project a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held start- The present Fourth Street project ing at 10 a.m. on May 1 under the as now completed extends easterly sponsorship of the Los Angeles City from the work described above. It Downtown Business Men's Associa- begins with a viaduct approximately tion. The colorful ceremony was cul- 687 feet in length spanning Figueroa minated in a trial run being made over Street and Flower Street on a 1 per- the new highway by soapbox derby cent ascending grade. The viaduct. contestants. The principal address of terminates at the bluff about 100 feet. the day was made by Mayor Poulson east of Flower Street where the road- of the City of Los Angeles who, in way then passes into an open cut pass- the course of his remarks, said, "This ing through Bunker Hill. This cut is an example of teamwork by many rises easterly on a 4.5 percent grade E. T. Telford, Assistant State Highway Engineer groups and individuals, including the and makes transition by means of a members of the city council, the staffs long vertical curve to an 8 percent of the Bureau of Engineering and the this congested traffic situation in the descending grade which meets the Traffic Department, and the business- Third Street Tunnel. With the open- existing elevation of Olive Street and men of the downtown area." ing of the Fourth Street project, Fourth Street. The through roadway Fourth Street has been made a one- just described. provides a four-lane Bunker Hill Area way street eastbound from Boylston roadway 44 feet wide across the via- Roughly, the area between Temple Street to the juncture with Fourth duct and through the cut to Grand Street on the north, Fifth Street on Place, about 1,000 feet east of Ala- Avenue. At this point the roadway is the south, Hill Street on the east and meda Street. At the same time, Third widened one lane on the south side to Flower Street on the west constitutes Street has been designated cone-way permit the efficient handling of the what is known as the Bunker Hill area, street westbound between Alameda large number of automobiles desiring a steep hill just west of most of the Street and Boylston Street, thus im- to make right turns at Olive Street. downtown Los Angeles business dis- proving the one-way traffic flow in Between Olive Street and Hill Street trict and Civic Center area. The only Third Street at least 50 percent the existing roadway, 40 feet wide, access through the hill, traffic wise, through the narrow tunnel and adding was widened to 49 feet, which is as was via the Second and Third Street Fourth Street as an entirely new east- much as it was possible to obtain Tunnels or via First Street which bound through traffic artery. within the present street right of way. crossed t'he hill on ascending and de- In order to accomplish the Due to large buildings adjoining scending grades of over 11 percent. opening of Fourth Street as a through traffic Fourth Street in this block, the cost The Third Street Tunnel, however, is artery it was necessary to acquire and of widening would have been pro- only a narro~~ two-lane tunnel and in improve a new street easterly from hibitive. This will also make avail- handling two-way traffic has been the Third Street at Boylston Street to able an additional lane for right turn- cause of tremendous traffic congestion Beaudry Avenue at Fourth Street. ing traffic at Hill Streeti which is the for all vehicles going either to or tram Two roadways were constructed terminus of this project. To provide the business district. from Beaudry Avenue easterly, the south- for proper access between the por- One-way Streets erly roadway replacing the existing tions of Bunker Hill north and south One of the prime factors in the Fourth Street as a local street between of the cut, bridges were constructed Fourth Street project was to alleviate Beaudry Avenue and Figueroa Street. at errand Avenue and at Hope Street.

14 California Highways ~.~ ,°" .__ ~r. ,.... ham, ~~~~ z~~,~.,~ ~ ~ ~.: ~~ t t

to r .r ~ ~;.

~az«~., ~. ~ f ~6 ~ ,,.-

Looking easterly from intersecfiion of Fourth Sfreef and Beaudry Avenue, showing in background downtown Los Angeles business area and in foreground, right, one-way ramp over Harbor Freeway leading to Figueroa Street; in foreground, left, the roadway for eastbound Fourih Street traffic over Harbor Freeway, Figueroa Street, and Flower Street. Total Cosy $3,348,~0o Because this open cut project di- Third Place which was located 110 The total cost of the Fourth Street vided the Bunker area into two parts feet north of the center line of the open cut project was approximately and removed an existing surface street new Fourth Street between Hope $3,377,200. Broken down, this amount in Fourth Street between Hope and Street and Grand Avenue. Third Place included $266,000 for engineering, Olive Streets, one of the requirements will then proceed easterly to Olive $126,000 for right-of-way costs in of this improvement vas to give the Street on a curving alignment, to connection with acquisition and con- people living in this area a new inlet avoid an existing five-floor concrete demnation, $1,575,000 for acquisition, and outlet to the downtown district. .garage building located at the north- actual right of way and property dam- This was provided by a new 30-foot west corner of Fourth Street and age and $1,410,200 for construction, street with a 24-foot roadway called Olive Street. The work easterly of

This index map indicates the manner in which Third Sireef and Fourth Street have been put into operation as a pair of one-way si~eets by the Los Angeles City Tragic Department of which Lloyd M. Bra/f is General Manager ,~~~~iV f-0URTH STREET OPEN CUT PROJECT

V sx ~aa~ ~ ~J ~J~sUU ~, IJ U ~I ~~ ~,~~ f ~~ —1 ,~. _ mr~,n,, r—,r, i--, r,r, r—, r,~~ r—,~-, ~~0~9~ ~~OO~ FOUMTH ~ O

O ! W ~ f0~~Y17„~ ~,a~

a ~A ~,~- ¢ o scare o o - Z O~ O wo eoo Imo rc¢r ~VD ~ IfTH LL T O t~~ ~~~ CITY OF LOS ANGELES __,~n~~~n~n~nnn~~ LVALL A. P4RDEE CITY ENGINEER and Public Works 15 UPPER—Grading operations in progress. limber bridge shown was erected as traffic detour for Hope Street. CENTER—Grading operation under way across Grand Avenue. Traffic was detoured to east on timber bridge not shown in photograph. LOWER—Shown in foreground are details of falsework for Hope Street Bridge on Fourth Slreef. Harbor Freeway in background.

16 California Highways These three photographs were taken at same location as shown on opposite page after completion of project construction. (Note stair- ways for pedestrians to left of 6rfdge carrying Grand Avenue over Fourth Street.) and Public Works 17 errand Avenue will be included in emergency parking. Between Olive Grand Avenue to the proposed final separate city contract. Street and Grand Avenue, the south grade, and the bridge was therefore side of Fourth Street was widened 11 constructed to this grade. It was con- Unique Feature feet to allow for an extra lane with nected by means of a temporary road- Another unique. feature of the de- a traffic island provided west of the way to the existing grade, necessi- sign also had to do with this same intersection of Olive Street to permit tating adip in the traveled surface of garage building. This garage had an cars to turn into Olive Street without Grand Avenue until the new improve- entrance on Fourth Street about 140 hindering the through traffic on ments are built. feet west of Olive Street, but the ne~v Fourth Street. Inasmuch as both Grand Avenue grade of Fourth Street, due to the and Hope Street are now main arteries open cut, lowered the street level in Grand Avenue Bridge for traffic from the Hollywood Free- front of this entrance about 12 to 14 Another unusual design feature of way to the downtown area and access feet thus making impractical the this project, to take care of a future to the hill, they could not be closed maintenance of this entrance. In order plan for reducing the grade on Grand during construction of the open cut to give the garage the same #acilites Avenue was in the construction of the project. It was therefore necessary to as it had pxior to the construction of Grand Avenue Bridge over the Fourth build a detour on each street with, this prof ect, a new entrance was de- Street open cut project. Grand Ave- temporary timber bridges to permit signed to join the west side of the nue between Fourth and Fifth Streets traffic to use them and at the same building at the third floor level from is now on a steep grade varying up to time to provide access by the con- the new Tliird Place east of Grand 19 percent. The city plans to reduce tractor for excavating the open cut Avenue. This work was a part of the this to a short 16 percent grade at area in Fourth street. present contract. Fifth Street and then further reducing Another design feature tivas the pro- to a 9.32 percent grade for about FBiseory vision of parking lanes on either side three-fourths of the distance to Fourth Although this project is now com- of Fourth Street between errand Ave- street. Tl~e bridge as designed pro- pleted after nearly two years of con- nue and Hope Street and between vided hinges at both ends so that it struction, there were many problems Hope Street and the viaduct. By could be lowered to meet the pro- involved in the original planning means of reverse curves in the curb posed change in grade. However, be- which started some 20 years ago. It alignment, the roadway was widened fore it was constructed, funds were had been periodically considered since 10 feet on each side to allow for allocated assuring the lowering of then but was actively revived in 1949

Perspective sketch looking northeasterly showing how the recently completed Fourth Street open-cut construction in the City of Los Angeles and existing Third Street are tied into the Harbor Freeway by connecting ramp interchange roadways and now operate as one-way streets, Third Street for westbound traffic and Fourth Street for eastbound tragic.

7 $ California ~"ighways with the construction of the.Harbor Freeway, with the additional sugges- tion of constructing a viaduct approach at the westerly end to separate grades with Figueroa and Flower Streets. The original idea was to tunnel under Bunker Hill with various schemes ranging between the location of the easterly terminus at either Hill Street or Olive Street and with various connecting grades. In fact there were in all eight different schemes, each investigated for practicability and cost. It was first proposed to build a full tunnel, by normal tunneling methods with direct connection to Hill Street. After a public hearing, the Los An- geles City Council, on March 7, 1951, decided upon a combined tunnel with viaduct extension with an easterly terminus at Olive Street. However, preliminary estimates of cost of building tunnels or open cuts of different lengths and grades, ranged anywhere from $2,612,400 to $3,956,500 and caravan lines up following ceremonies dedicating the Fourth Sfreet project these studies were eventually set aside Auto in favor of an open cut through the Bunker Hill area with a maximum 8 The owners were given 1 ~ days to of the city engineer's office and was percent grade west of Olive Street. sign these waivers with at least 80 per- constructed under state contract by This was known as Scheme No. 8 cent of the affected property owners Webb and White, contractors of Los and was the one finally adopted. waiving any damage claims in order Angeles. for the council to adopt Scheme No. The writer is now city engineer, DifFerenf Plans Studied 3. When the necessary 80 percent succeeding Lloyd Aldrich who was The city engineer was instructed were not received, the council re- city engineer at the time the project November 20, 1952, to prepare on verted to its previous stand of adopt- was designed. Merrill Butler is en- the necessary plans and specifications ing Scheme No. 8. Final authority to gineer of design and Hugo H. Winter, for the construction of the Fourth proceed with the plans was obtained design, was Street project on the basis of an open now assistant engineer of July cut with sloped banks. on 29, 1953. in charge of the Street and Freeway Design Division during the time pre- This again brought a demurrer from Three Agencies Share Cost the property owners along Fourth liminary studies and investigations and Financing of this project was Street and on Bunker Hill who hired contract plans were prepared. Hazen three agencies; the City a private engineer to represent them shared among A. Wright, head of the Structural and who requested the city council and County of Los Angeles and the Design Division, supervised the design that further consideration be given to California State Division of Highways. and planning of the viaduct. eharles Scheme No. 3 which ~~as an open cut The State financed the construction of D. Weinstock of the Street and Free- with straight alignment and retaining the viaduct located on the west end of way Design Division supervised much walls but on a grade differing from the project at a cost of approximately of the design and planning of the de- that of Scheme No. 8. This again $650,000. The balance of the project project from its early planning stages. layed final action b}= the city council including the cost of the surveys and until a comparative study could be plans, right of way acquisition, and cans:ruc4iun made of the two schemes. To adopt construction of the open cut section The following paragraphs record some Scheme No. 3 as presented by the was financed jointly from the gas tax of the major construction details. property owners would have necessi- funds of the City and County of Los Bids for this project were open June 24, tated asigned waiver of damages by Angeles. 1954, and a contract was awarded on all the property owners fronting on The project was designed by the June 30, 1954. Actual work was started the south side of Fourth Street. Street and Freeway Design Division on July 19, 1954.

and P~sblic Works 19

Highways California California 20 20

superintendent. of because because weather weather sup- wet wet jacent jacent to to during during required required was was falsework falsework heavy heavy

as acting acting Ken Ken pany pany Murray Murray with with ad- buildings buildings the the of of to to occupants occupants the the very streets, streets, city city the the over over viaduct viaduct

com- for for work work the the the the construction construction caused were were Inconveniences Inconveniences street. street. the of of the the height height extreme extreme the the to to Due Due

directed Webb Webb in in &White, &White, partner partner utilities utilities in and and

manholes manholes numerous numerous

shale.

S. S.

co- White, White,

James James representatives. representatives. the

to to

due due area area

this this

difficult difficult in in made made blue underlying underlying the the onto onto down down

loads loads

W. W. district and and as as

Hashimoto Hashimoto Smith Smith was

area. area. Paving Paving the the

sidewalk sidewalk under under the the pier carried carried

caissons caissons The The

men. men.

J. with with

for for VII, VII, District District engineer engineer

extended

whose whose basements basements buildings buildings work- the the endangering endangering and and

ground ground

supervising E. E. H. H. senior senior Belford Belford

was was

two to to

involved involved changes changes Olive Olive Street Street the from from shafts shafts into into gas gas

seeping seeping

Department. the the for for Bridge Bridge

engineer engineer

Street Street and

Hill Hill Work Work between between (F) (F) to due due contractor contractor the the to to problem problem

cial cial

B. B. resident by by James, James, Warren Warren ceeded ceeded

spe- a a caissons caissons were were These These

diameter. diameter.

streets. city city jacent jacent

suc-

resident resident

engineer, engineer, A. A.

Johnson, Johnson,

in 9 9 feet feet 6 6 to to out out belled belled abutments abutments

ad-

the the

to to match match asphalt asphalt pavement pavement

Oscar State State were were

the the

Representing Representing

and and the shafts shafts 3 diameter diameter -foot -foot with with with topped topped were were Grand Grand Avenue Avenue

feet feet 25 25 deep items. roadway roadway approximately approximately caissons caissons six six and Street Street bridges bridges at at Hope Hope both both

by all supervised supervised supported supported personnel personnel piers piers are are gineering gineering The The piers. piers. lar lar The Freeway. Freeway. the the proaches proaches at at Harbor Harbor

VII VII en- rectangu- District District Department. Department. concrete concrete Bridge Bridge reinforced reinforced mediate mediate ap- concrete concrete Street Street with with asphalt asphalt

the by by eight eight inter- and and administered administered and and abutments abutments two two by by Highways Highways on on lanes lanes land land Fourth cement cement concrete concrete

of State State Division Division It It supported is is the the to to the the viaduct. viaduct. assigned assigned of of vation vation was was 11 port- chiefly chiefly four four of of -foot -foot consisted consisted

roadway roadway supervision ele- the the to to contract contract leads leads The The up up stairway stairway Angeles. Angeles. of of Fourth Fourth (E) (E) Street The The paving paving

Los of of City City a a the the concrete by by spiral spiral designed designed Street Street Flower Flower was was At At ect ect

vation.

proj- stated, stated, this this underneath. previously previously crossing crossing streets streets the the As As above above (H) (H)

of of

yards yards exca- 135,000 135,000 cubic cubic

roadway roadway

clearances vertical vertical minimum minimum required required

paving. concrete concrete

35 depth depth

required

and and -foot -foot

maximum maximum

than than the more more asphalt considerably considerably for for vides vides of of

tons tons

4,300 4,300

and and

pavement, pavement, crete crete

Street Street had had It It

through through Bunker Bunker Hill. Hill.

con- pro- cement cement also also It It 43 roadway. roadway. portland portland of of -foot -foot fora fora yards yards

cubic cubic 2,000 2,000

for for portion portion of of

that that quired quired Fourth

steel, reinforcing reinforcing of of pounds pounds and and 687 687 long long provides feet feet 1,552,000 1,552,000 is is Street Street

re-

heavy heavy was was A A roadway roadway cut cut

(D) (D)

steel, structural structural of of pounds pounds 250,000 250,000 tion, tion, Figueroa Street Street and and Flower Flower over over

excava-

roadway roadway of of yards yards Cut cubic cubic Heavy Heavy Roadway Roadway 135,000 135,000 Viaduct Fourth Fourth Street Street The The (C) (C)

concrete structure structure of of yards yards cubic cubic 8,000 8,000 forms.

Viaduct

Street Street Fourth Fourth

were there there project project this this for for contract contract the the in in joints joints and and stringers, stringers, wood wood plywood

included

items items pay pay the the

87 87 Among Among (G) (G) mile. 0.463 0.463 or or 2,445 2,445 feet, feet, steel which which wood wood and and supported supported

distance distance a a of Street, Street, to to Hill Hill Hill Hill Bunker Bunker strike. pliers pliers of of pile pile bents consisted consisted wood wood mainly mainly

a a and and cut cut through viaduct viaduct a a of of means means sup- gravel gravel the the to to due due delayed delayed being being ing ing the the of of concrete. concrete. The The falsework

easterly easterly

Freeway Freeway

Harbor Harbor from from

tended tended paving up up and and torn torn being being street street the the port port deck deck the the forms forms plac- during during

the the

ex- this this in in contract contract included included work work The The

Streets.

Erickson.

Lynn Lynn

and and

Olive

between between Flower Flower Hill Hill

Wayne Wayne Ford, Burwell, Burwell, Jim Jim drivers drivers are are

derby derby box box soap soap E. E. McClure, McClure, The The State State Robert Robert Highway Highway Commissioner. Commissioner.

Bunker made made was was through through cut cut

way way Angeles; Los Los of of Association Association Men's Men's Business Business Downtown Downtown of of Chairman, Chairman, Downtown Downtown Development Development Commiftee Commiftee

Vafenfine, R. R. Edward Edward Angeles; Angeles; Los Los of of road- 35- City City -deep -deep foot Mayor, Mayor, maximum maximum A A Los Los Acting Acting of of City City Week Week Angeles; Angeles; Boys' Boys' Bruce Bruce Gardner, Gardner,

Poulson, Poulson, Mayor, Norris Norris Angeles; Angeles; Los Los of of County County Supervisor, Supervisor, P. P. Week Week County County Magpiong, Magpiong, Boys' Boys' Richard Richard Acting Acting

Avenue.

Angeles Angeles

Los Los County;

District, District, Third Third Supervisor, Supervisor, Ford, Ford, Anson Anson Ribbon Ribbon Leffi Leffi John John cutting cutting right: right: to to ceremonies. ceremonies.

Grand at at Street Street Fourth Fourth over over deck deck

concrete bridge bridge with with girder girder steel steel A A 3. 3.

Street. Hope Hope at at Street Street Fourth Fourth

bridge bridge over concrete concrete 2. 2. reinforced reinforced A A

Hill. of of Bunker Bunker

the the to to side west west Freeway Freeway Harbor Harbor the the

from and and extending extending gueroa gueroa Street Street

and and Fi- Flower Flower duct duct Street Street over over

girder girder concrete concrete box box via- Reinforced Reinforced 1. 1.

were:

The The bridges three three Hill. Hill. Bunker Bunker through through cut cut

heavy heavy a a roadway making making and and bridges bridges

three building building involved involved This This contract contract (B) (B)

90 90 days. extended extended about about was was date date tion tion

comple- the the delays, delays, original original and and weather weather

strike. strike. way, way, delays, of of because because right right of of but but

January January 23, 23, was was 1956, date date completion completion

time. time. of of Original overrun overrun for for day day per per

a a of of $100 with with working working penalty penalty days days 375 375

time time The The was contract contract $1,135,000. $1,135,000. of of sum sum

for for the &White, &White, contractors, contractors, Webb Webb to to

and and Hill Hill Freeway Freeway Street Harbor Harbor the the tween tween

of of Street Street the the be- Fourth Fourth construction construction ering ering

cov- The The awarded awarded contract contract a a State State (A) (A) Major Project Is Nearing ~ vex ran Completion in San Diego

By C. WIGGINTON, Assistant Highway Engineer

WHEN sins were opened June 23, 1955, for reconstruction of a portion of State •Sign Route 75 on Coronado's Silver Strand, it marked the addition of a new chapter to the history of California's romantic past and fabu- lous future. The Silver Strand, a narrow stretch of sandy beach about seven miles in length, besides providing San Diego with a fine harbor by separating San Diego Bay and the Pacific Ocean, is also the means of saving Coronado and North Island from being an island. Transportationwise, the Strand has served practically every mode of travel available to man from the pedestrian to the motor car; from the railroad to amphibious vehicles, and one may even see an occasional airplane on its way to North Island by truck. Usually, one thinks only of Coronado as a vacation pleasure- land and yet ironically, this home of fun and sun is one of the Nation's greatest bastions of air and naval defense. Its beautiful palms shelter alike the stately mansions of the elderly retired, the defense workers' modest homes, and the residences of navy recruit and grizzled admiral.

Work Started in July, 1955 On July 20, 1955, the Daley Cor- poration of San Diego, successful Southern end of Strand on Palm Avenue prior fo construction. Divided highway in background marks complefied portion of first unit. bidder for the project with its quo- tation of $768,038, began operations. The job extends from R. H. Dana Inasmuch as the northern end of Problems for Engineer the Strand is the site of the S. Place in Coronado to Coronado U. Every construction project invari- Naval. Amphibious Base, the contract Heights near Palm City, a total ably presents problems challenging provides for rearrangement of its length of 7.8 miles, with engineer and contractor alike, and this J. R. Crop- buildings and utilities as necessary. job followed the usual pattern. Of per assigned as Resident Engineer The Division of Beaches and Parks great concern ~~as the Strand's most representing the State Division of of the State of California maintains attractive feature, an overabundance Highways. Construction was planned extensive areas on both sides of the of sand, and sand does not provide so that most of the original 22 feet Strand for public use, and construc- the best surface for vehicle operation, of concrete pavement could be used tion includes a bridge and three especially for heavily loaded con- for northbound the lanes. When com- pedestrian undercrossings to serve the struction equipment. In the Fort pleted, four 12-foot lanes of divided beach facilities. A frontage road op- Emory cut there was sufficient select highway will be available to serve posite the Coronado City Hall is also material available to cover about five traffic. included among the provisions. miles of noncohesive beach sand. The end Public Works ~:~i

22 22 Highways California California

as. as. part part of of the the improvement improvement from from Coronado, Coronado, the a tion tion to to along along the Avenue Avenue by by and and nn nn Palm Palm doubt doubt occasioned occasioned

1918, 1918, a a concrete concrete pavement pavement was was through through Here Here placed again again of business business sec- the the developed developed mention mention we we find find no no

in in essence essence "Jes' "Jes' grooved "! "! 1769. Freeway Freeway structure at at they they About 9, 9, three had had -level -level the the departed departed March March

sorts sorts over over earth earth and and sand sand which which whence had the the Montgomery its its connection connection tant tant to to Baja Baja from from California California

depended depended upon upon following following 75 75 a a road road of proving proving shanks- in in Route Route dis- it it from State State Sign Sign maring maring from from Loreto Loreto

1918, 1918, the the pedestrian pedestrian or or the the equestrian after was was In In 1954, 1954, im- Serra Serra town town contract contract and and party party let let arrived arrived in in a a

as as far far back back as as one one can can trace. trace. Prior Prior to 1769, 1769, absence. absence. Junipero Avenue. ated ated along along Father Father Palm Palm July July 1, 1,

the the Strand Strand has has proven proven a a traffic traffic artery by by its erable erable was was conspicuous conspicuous cerned, cerned, traffic traffic praise praise were were gener- amounts amounts of of

Historical Historical research research revealed revealed that almost almost but but was was as as con- far far as as the the island island expectations, expectations, consid- beyond beyond

Diego Diego in in to to general; say say about about business business San San was was growing development development

Old Old Tragic Tragic Ar4ery

words few few ]rind ]rind H~ H~ had had a a explorer. explorer. improvement improvement structurally; structurally; and and as as the

rather rather sparse sparse in in occurrence. unobservant unobservant type type was was of of an was was a a very very very very and and in in need need of restricted restricted

Unfortunately, Unfortunately, these these materials materials else else presented presented or or ties ties were Coronado Coronado he 75 75 on on Palm Palm Palm Palm Avenue. Avenue. Avenue

shells shells which which made made an an excellent excellent possibili- with with the the base. tmimpressed tmimpressed either either way way (US (US to to 101) 101) State State Sign Sign Route

sand sand were were encountered encountered containing containing ~~as September September 28, 28, who who 1542, 1542, arrived arrived sea connecting connecting the the Montgomery Montgomery Free-

job. job. Occasional Occasional pockets pockets of of Portugal, of of Cabrillo Cabrillo Juan Juan dredged Rodriguez Rodriguez der, der, a a three -level -level structure structure was was built

proved proved satisfactory satisfactory visitor, distinguished distinguished throughout throughout Diego's Diego's first first San San the constructed constructed to to the the International International Bar-

and and the the area area re~vatered. re~vatered. than than a a This This military military separation separation fence. other other method When When the the ARontgomery ARontgomery Freeway Freeway ~ =as

were were knocked knocked down down with with mass mass hand hand with with no land land forming forming labor one one Emory Emory to to the the of of City City Coronado.

The The small small ruts ruts tivhich tivhich their has has resulted resulted did did in in North North develop. Island Island tended tended the the improvement improvement from from Fort

without without seriously` seriously` and ratting ratting Coronado Coronado between between the the passageway passageway 1944 - 1945, 1945, a a grade. succeeding succeeding project project ex-

and and out out of of the the narrow zone zone of of of of the the Reclamation Reclamation operations as as name. name. the the north'. north'. end end of of Fort Fort Emory. Emory. In

found found that that equipment equipment character character as as well ?and, ?and, in in could- could- get get an an is truly truly into Ninth Ninth from from Street Street in in Palm Palm City City to

To To everyone's everyone's vas satisfaction, satisfaction, Ori6inally, Ori6inally, North North fiction. fiction. Island Island it it was by by this this time time i i State State Sign Sign 5, Route Route

treated treated base base directly directly abounds abounds fact fact and Island Island upon upon the the in in North North and and sand. in in an an of of improvement improvement this this route,

sand sand to to 20 20 percent percent Coronado the the and and area area place place of of Historically, Historically, cement- needs needs of of national national defense, defense, resulting

to to bring bring up up

the the

of of moisture moisture the the beach a a relocation relocation

in in order order

to to

serve serve the

Cmrovaado Cmrovaado Area Fliszory Fliszory of of

over over which which to to operate. operate. It It was was decided growing growing military military demands demands occassioned

of of

plain plain beach beach sand sand with with no no cover In In the the early early forties, forties, Fort Fort Emory's its its entire entire length. over over divided divided high «gay «gay

There There was was then then left left about about t~vo t~vo miles in in wagons wagons pu11_ed pu11_ed by by mules. 75 75 will will be be a a year, year, Route Route four -lane

increased increased cost cost of of haul haul would would permit. tion tion was was hauled hauled the the from from Otay Otay River latest latest this during during July July of of project, project,

spread spread this this material material as as far far as as the Coronado. Coronado. ~i~laterial ~i~laterial for for the the construc- the the the completion completion ment. ment. of of With With

at at contractor, contractor, his his

option, option, elected elected to south south city city limits limits of of Chula Chula Vista Vista t~ present present beginning beginning improve- of of this this

travel travel

for for

northbound northbound

traffic. traffic. Note Note new new frontage frontage road road on on right right s =ruing =ruing hay hay development development area. area. RIGHT — Northerly Northerly end end before before consOruction. of of Strand Strand

—View —View LEFT

northerly northerly

coward coward

Coronado. Coronado. New New lanes lanes for for ~outh.bound ~outh.bound traffic traffic under under construction construction on on left. left. Existing Existing concrete concrete right right provides provides two two lanes lanes pavement pavement of on on lack of interest in anythinb resem- acres Hotel del Coronado came to Transportation was also available bling sand after what the party had life boasting 750 rooms, 1 ],000 square nn a steamer from National City to been through during their weary feet of ballroom and theater, and a San Diego and thence across the bay footsore trey. dining room capable of seating 1,000 to Roseville. This was a popular and people. gala trip with music and. gaiety at a Once Grazing Land During the late 1880's and 1890's high pitch. The first official notice of the Coronado enjoyed great popularity Tent Ci4y island was taken by Don Pedro Car- as a resort area, and 1Vational City By the turn of the Twentieth Cen- rillo in 1846; who petitioned Gov- and the surrounding territory be- tury, a rather curious development ernor Pio Pico. to grant him 4,185 came thriving industrial and business .vas under way. Clustered to the acres of sagebrush and sand-covered centers. island in order to graze cattle. 1~~Iay south of the. hotel vas an extensive collection 15, 1X46, said petition vas granted Raelroads Began Operating of cottages (using the term by Pio Pico, naming tl~e loosely). T`hese cottages, in the main, island the ~'wo railroads operated out of San Peninsula of San Diego and were sided with gent clottz and noting Diego to the south, serving both that these 4,185 acres thatched with palm frauds. The would provide rational City and Coronado. One two grazing sites, and addinb settlement soon ire«~ to a point that that traveled to the International Border, for `~~hat it was worth, it was named "Vent City." This be- Carrillo, leis carrying vast numbers of people com- children, and his children's came amecca for the vacationer. The children muting to their worl~. I~Tatianal City could have it throughout eternity. fern?shings were rather crude, boast- was something of a railroad center. ing cast-off beds from the hotel, Eternity foi Camilla lasted foi° one I~owever, following the recession wavy mirrors, and running water in year when he sold the parcel to ~~zar and removal of heavy railroad trafFic, the town square from whence the Simmons for $1,000 and fig~ired he'd many of tl~e houses, including a num- vacationer ran to his cottage, pail in made a right smart financial move. ber owned by the railroad, were hand. But withal, possessing the ap- Simmons in turn sold the holding moved away. It `vas not unusual to peal of a California type "P;~edi- to Archibald Peaehey and William see a parade of lighters crossing the terranean villa." Truly, life was won- ,~spinwall for $10,000, held ~vho it bay, each ~~vith a house on board. derful! With the relocation of the until 1886 and disposed of it for The second railroad traveled from highway during the early forties, it $110,000 to the Coronado beach ~an Diego, around the Silver Strand, vas decided that Vent City must go. Company, the original deve ?opens of ro Coronado. Each of these railroads amid many cries of the i`aithful, road modern Coronado. carried from 10 to 15 eoaches on a construction began and many of the E. S. Babcock, head of the firm, run and operated on an houxly cottages were moved to Palm City decided that this potential paradise schedule. and Coronado Heights, «~ith a fe~v only suffered one major drawback; iZObody kne« anything about it. He decidei t~ publicize ti1~ place, and Stale Sign Route 7S joins US 101 at three-level structure in Palm Cify. Left center marks after a ~vhirl~ind nati_oriwide cam- beginning of completed first unit of Route 75. paign, he began a public auction of subdivided lots nn 1~Tovember 13, 1886. Vlore than 6,C00 people came from all oval t(le United States, including San Diego, to buy a piece of California's golden pleasure land. It may be somewhat of a surprise to learn that even then real estate vas at a premium. TLe first lot went to ~i/lajor Lev;:' Chase for X1,600, and history notes that the good major vas offered $2,000 for hts lot 'ere the sun set that same eveuinn.

Famous F8o~e1 Buhr Even though the development hit the peals of the land boom of the eighties, Babcock anal his group decided that Coronado must have sub- stance in order to assure its future. Accordingly, plans were laid to provide ahotel sufficient to attract the easterners. Upon seven and one-half and Public Works 23

24 24 California California Highways

men men were were billeted billeted tents tents in in on on the

grew grew the the great great Army Army Air Air The Corps. Corps.

78 78 men, men, 16 16 officers officers aeroplanes, and and 8 8

1913. 1913. From From this this small small beginning beginning of

to to duty duty at at Island Island North North early early in

Texas Texas City, City, Texas, Texas, was was and and assigned

in in Augusta, Augusta, Georgia; Georgia; on on moved moved to

Aviation Aviation Section Section of of the the Corps Signal Signal

Corps, Corps, Air Air had had been been organized organized as as the

which which was was the the beginning beginning of of the the Army

Corps. Corps. The The First First Aero Aero Squadron,

base base first first the the infant infant of of Army Army Air

North North Island Island the the became became of of site site the

years years The The rolled rolled by by until until in in 1913,

acres acres 38%Z 38%Z reserved reserved for for the the military.

of of the the ing ing Twentieth Twentieth Century Century found

Zuninga Zuninga Shoal Shoal Jetty; Jetty; and and the the open-

by by construction construction activities activities for for the

on on the the island island were were mildly mildly disturbed

this this upon upon In In 1893, 1893, area. area. game game hunters

envious envious casting casting and and covetous covetous eyes

parent, parent, the the Army Army and and the the Navy Navy began

Island Island became became more more and and more more ap-

the the As As military military value value of of North

Army Army Maves Maves In

the the war war years years lying lying ahead.

ing ing dedicated dedicated era era to to fun fun and and sun sun with

country. country. So So ended ended a a frivolous frivolous rollicic-

desrined desrined forest forest as as cabins cabins in in the the back

Coronado Coronado

at at

on on Sign Sign

New New Rouie Rouie 74. 74. construction construction on on ocean ocean side side will will provide provide afour divided divided -lane -lane highway.

underpasses underpasses

trian trian are are Silver Silver Strand Strand built. built.

State State

Park Park

on on right right and and left. left. —North —North LOWER end end Silver Silver Strand of of

...Continued ...Continued

on on

page page

UPPER — Looking Looking south south on on Silver Silver Strand Strand during during construction. construction. Temporary Temporary detours detours passage passage provide provide as as pedes-

meantime, meantime, the the Navy Navy had had been been given

Cradle Cradle of of Army Army Aviation." Aviation." In In the

as as Rockwell Rockwell Field, Field, often often called called "The

an an airfield airfield and and depot depot supply supply known

the the 1938, 1938, Army Army continued continued to to operate

During During the the years years from from 1913 1913 to

island.

access access viding viding for for vehicles vehicles to to the

North North Island Island to to Coronado Coronado and and pro-

across across Spanish Spanish the the Bight, Bight, connecting

years years and and a a fill fill bridge bridge was was placed

constructed constructed on on island. island. the the In In later

Diego. Diego. in in San San A A landing landing dock dock was

Broadway Broadway tween tween and and Market Market Streets

small small from from ferry ferry a a wharf wharf located located be-

to to access access North North only only Island Island was was by

those those In In difricult difricult early early days days the

Ferry Ferry to to Coronado

Navy. the the by by use use

Army Army old old the the and and hospital hospital are are in still still

the the of of many many and and old old hangars, hangars, ofFices,

before before and and during during just just World World War War I,

construction construction of of was was accomplished

built. built. The The be be could could greatest greatest amount

until until barracks, barracks, sand sand hangars, hangars, etc., I~ ~!~ II ~ Fifty Miles of Highway Planned

By GEQRGE LEATHERWOOI~, Ciistrict Advance Planning Engineer

TxE coMrLE-rioN of the Redwood Highway study US 101 in Southern Humboldt County for 50 miles through the heart of the Redwood Empire as a single project on a full freeway basis places this accomplish- ment at the top for projects of such length and magnitude undertaken by the State of California Division of Highways. The present traveled way through the world-famous Humboldt Red- wood State Parks is Northwestern California's only highway artery. All north and south motor vehicle traffic must, of necessity, pass through these groves. In the redwood flats the trees stand scarcely more than 12 feet from the centerline, and the road itself is composed of short tangents and small radius curves. It is truly a scenic highway, but as a modern transportation facility is completely obsolete. These redwood flats were acquired by the State Division of Beaches and Parks through the joint efforts of individuals, conservation-minded groups, and the State of California at a time before any essential modernization of the original 1914 road was undertaken.

Study Started in 1953 The existing state highway travers- ing this section has gone through the same economic evolution as other highways throughout California. First came a trail for foot and horseback travel. Then came its widening and UPPER—Looking northerly down Soufh Fork of Eel River, Phillipsville and Redwood Highway at righf of relocation to accommodate wheeled picture. Typical of the terrain to be traversed by the Redwood Freeway. LOWER—Existing Redwood High- vehicles. Then came powered trans- way just north of Garberville is benched into Garberville Bluffs along South Fork of Eel River. New foca- tion of proposed Redwood Freeway will supersede this portion of Redwood Highway. portation of faster speeds that again demanded improvement and relocation. The efficiency, speed, and vol- was started between the Mendocino gations. Upon completion of this first ume of these latter vehicles have in- county line and Jordan Creek, a dis- phase and satisfied that the area had creased on a steadily rising curve with tance of approximately 50 miles via been thoroughly explored, it then be- the result that the type and location the existing highway. came possible to outline the area re- necessary to provide~a suitable facility In instigating this project, the dis- quired for reconnaissance type aerial outstripped the State's means of fi- trict proceeded with an extensive pre- survey at a scale of 1"-400' and 20' nancing such a project. liminary exploration study through contours. On August 20, 1953, notwithstand- the media of aerial photographs and Aerial Survey Made. ing the financial problems involved for U. S. Quadrangle sheets followed by On October 30, 1953, the district a project of this magnitude, a study aerial reconnaissance and field investi- requested an aerial survey of the area

and Public Works 25 needed which covered 30,000 acres, which s~,r~-ev was delivered and accepted an ~TOVember 12, 1914. With t!.es, relatively detailed maps to ~vorl~ with the task of developing the numerous possible locations pro- gressPd sm~~thl~~. Trial lines and profiles were developed and studied. When sat~sfed that the placement was firm to the extent these snaps would permit, they were transferred to vel- lum transpzrencies and the cut, fills, bridges, interchange ramps aild other planimetric features that ~-ould aid in visualizing the proposal were added. Individual natural controls were not unlike smiler physical features encountered elsewhere; however, their abundance, combined with high stancl- ards of design, provided a constant engineering challenge... The redwood. trees bordering the ri~~er and expending• into the canyons and up the hillsides were given a great deal of publicity as being the prime physical control for any ne~v location due to their majestic size and tranquil beauty that bring visitors from all parts of the North American Contine~~t and other parts of the world. Actually, these trees were only one of numerous controls.

River Eeonomic Barrier In addition to the trees, there was the ringed, meandering South Fork of the del Diver Canyon with the river acting as an economic barrier. The configuration of the terrain fornl- ing the spurs, ridges, and side canyons coupled with the unstable formation common to this region were by far the more formidable controlling factors. Last, but most important to consider, is the highway user who foots the bill for projects of this nature. Within reasonable financial limits, modern highways are located to do the most ;ood for the greatest number on both a local and regional basis. Each vehicle, regardless of type, weight, class, where it came from, and where it is going, becomes a factor in the final determination of what can be dons to provide the. greatest return to the highway user in terms of com- UPPER—Redwood Highway passes through Richardson Grove State Park, a popular recrettPional area. fort, safety, and money invested. Through tragic, vacaPion tragic, and pedestrian movements are in conflict en this now obsole~e main line Although right of way is not a fac- highway. CENT,_R—Redwood Highway south of Garbervilla. Nofe fhe heavy commercial traffic utilizing the route, resulting in long queues of tragic. BOTTOM—Redwood Highviay at Holbrook Grove. This is a fypical tor in the sense of physical control, it portion of the Redwood Highway to be superseded by fhe proposed Redwood Freeway.

26 Calafornoa {~9ig►'~ways does have an important bearing in the combination of lines that made up a Supervisors and Highway Commission Act over-all picture. Property lying in the routing and finally to cost of travel On the Monday following this path of the various studies vas care- in dollars. Knowing the cost of travel hearing, the Humboldt County Board fu!ly considered. In most instances it is via the present facility, it then became of Supervisors passed a resolution a matter of pure economics, however, a simple matter to compare each alter- favoring th;, recommended route and there are times when aesthetics enter nate to this latter, relative to cost of waiving a formal commission hearing. into the problem. How can the value canstruction to determine which line On March 21, 1956, the California high- of say a grave of 5,000-year-old trees, would do the mast good for the State. Highway Commission at its 10 feet to 2.0 feet in diameter and 300 way users on a local and regional regular meeting adopted the proposed basis. feet high, be evaluated; or, other nat- routing thus officially clearing the ural phenomena? Surely not by board Finally, on September 27, 1955, the wav for surveys, design and construc- of feet, cubic feet or other media study closed on its second important tion. measurement. phase with the submission of the proj- So far, this article has described the Concurrently with the projection, ect report fir lleadc~uarteis review and highlights of important events that estimates of cost were prepared for deliberations. have transpired between the dates each line. These estimates included On August 20, 1953, and March 21, 1956. clearing, earthwork quantities, cost of November 30, 1956, a prelimi- Without going into a great amount stabilization, drainage, bridges, base nary headquarters review vas held in of detail, the proposed location can material, surfacing, right of way and Sacramento with full scale projection best be described. as a line benerally numerous incidental items that male maps, profiles, translite aerial film ex- following either on the east or west up the fii1a1 estimate. hibits showing the dedicated redwood groves and traffic flow diagrams. side of the South Forlc of the Eel Traffic Voluoa~e and Type River from 1~~Iendocino County line ~n Thursday, January 19, 1956, the the work progressed, geological to Dyerville, the confluence of the As Beaches and Parlcs and High~~~ ays studies were made in .the broad South Fork and Eel River a distance Commissions held a joint review in sense for estimating the approximate of 3 3.4 miles via. the recommended Sacramento, using the same exhibits amount to be set up for stabilization line versus 40.4 miles via the existing as in the preliminary review. ~'he pre- excavation and embankment highway. From Dverville it follows of slopes sentation described lengths, rise and foundations. the westerly slopes of the Eel River fall, estimates of cost, unusual fea- to Jordan. Creek, a distance of 9.5 For the purpose of determining tures, effect to state parks and the miles via the recommended line versus what volume and type of traffic `would value to highway users. use the various alternate locations, a 9.6 miles via the ezisting highway for a total length of 42.9 miles and 50.0 traffic origin and destination survey Public Hearings Held was made in which interview field miles, respectively, or a savings of 7.1 Both commissions approved the pro- stations ~~ere established. Vehicles of miles. posal in principal reserving their final all t}apes were stopped and their Design of Freeway action until they could. review the drivers questioned regarding the origin broad aspects of the study. It is planned as a full freeway on a and destination of their trip and standard b0-foot, four-lane divided whether they preferred a highway On Januaiy 25, 1956, G. T. McCoy, section without access to the abutting passing through or around the red- State Highway Engineer, approved properties except through planned wood groves. the location as recommended. frontage roads and interchanges. From this information, it then be- On February 8, 1956, a public hear- The existing road will be preserved came possible to prognosticate the ing was held in Garberville at the for local, tourist and recreational traf- type and volume of traffic that would Garberville Theater. Approximately fic as well as serving as a frontage road make use of each line over a 20-year 350 people attended; some from as far for a good portion of its total length. period. Truck traffic was given special south as San Francisco and as far north By removing heavy hauling equip- attention due to its importance to the as Crescent City. The same exhibit ment and fast through traffic, its value economic welfare of the State as a maps and presentation as in the Sacra- to the public will be considerably en- whole and to the fact that it is the mento hearings were used. hanced and a pleasure to drive when basic prime mover for outgoing forest Upon completion of tine presenta- time is no longer a factor. products and incoming goods and tion, the audience was invited to ex- The savings in length of travel more commodities manufactured elsewhere. press its views regarding this proposal. or less indicates that large reductions For these reasons, grades were care- Notti~ithstanding the tremendous im- were made by taking advantage of the fully analyzed regarding their effect pact an improvement such as de- shorter distance across loops in the on truck operational cost and became scr~'~ccl would have at a local level, meandering river. one of the factors ~`overning the. final there was not a single dissenting voice. In general, the recommended line is selection of routes. However, there were numerous rep- slightly higher than the existing with Study Is Submi44ed res~ntatives from civic organizations a total rise and fall of close to 5,600 This information was then reduced who expressdd their satisfaction and feet versus 4,600 feet in the existing to time and distance via each line and concurrence in the proposed routing. facility over its total length. However,

and P'~b~sc Works 27 the weighted grade which is the sum of the vertical ordinates divided by its length is only 3.55 percent for the first 14 miles and less than 2 percent for the next 36 miles. Perhaps the most outstanding feature of the proposed improvement to the highway user is the reduction and elimination of the number of substandard curves. The recommended line contains 143 curves of minimum 50 miles per hour and 3,800 degrees total curvature; whereas, the existing road contains an assortment of compound, broken back and reversing curves totaling 10,000 degrees of curvature, with safe speeds reduced to as low as 20 miles per hour.

River Crossings The South Fork of the Eel River will be crossed six times with major structures. In most instances, these bridges are planned to serve a two- fold purpose of crossing the river and also act as a separation structure over the existing highway. When this section is constructed and placed in service, highway users from wherever they originate will be able to pass through this area and enjoy maximum safety, physical comfort and convenience. Commercial traffic will have tangible proof of savings in operational cost. Through traffic will be free from dangerous cross movements and long slow-moving traffic queues. Commuting traffic will have safe ingress and egress through conveniently located interchanges. Tourists will be able to view changing scenery and close inspection of groves or places they wish to visit by making use of these interchange facilities. Communities will benefit by the removal of impatient through traffic, thus making their streets safer and more inviting to the bona fide cus- tomer.

Study Took Two and One-half Years Of incidental interest is the amount of time and effort that went into this study. It may be noted in the text that it was a matter of 2% years from its inception to approval by the Highway Commission. However, it was amat- TOP—Redwood Highway crosses the South Fork of the Eel River at Dyerville. This bridge will coniinue }Q ter of less than 11 months from deserve as part of traffic interchange system on new freeway. CENTER—The Blair-Lansdale State Park on the livery of the aerial survey maps to sub- Redwood Highway in Humboldt County, typical of the large redwood groves which were a major factor in determining new highway location. BOTTOM—Richardson Grove State Park in southern Humboldt County, ... Continued on page 37 with existing Redwood Highway passing through the large, stately trees.

28 California Highways Four-laning Progresses—New Ben Ali-Roseville Freeway Dedicated

By HELEN HALSTED, Assistant Editor

TxE 13-MrLE Ben Ali-Roseville Free- McCoy's remarks were as follows: way was officially opened to traf- "Today you are celebrating, with fic Tuesday morning, April 24th, appropriate ceremonies, the comple- when Lieutenant governor Harold J. tion of an important 13-mile section Powers, representing Governor Good- of the State Highway System. It is win J. Knight, applied a torch to the also an important part of the National "golden" chain across the freeway, System of Interstate Highways. signalizing completion of the $5,500,- 000 project. Long Range Planning Governor Knight was officiating at "California is currently spending two dedications in Santa Clara County some $250,000,000 per year on on that day, one a ribbon cutting at state highway construction (includ- the opening of the section of US 101 ing rights of way). Mile by mile, between Ford Road and Madrone, the and in accordance with carefully other at the formal dedication of the worked out long-range planning, we Lexington Dam near Los Gatos. are obtaining a highway system ade- Helicopters, band music, the pres- quate to meet our needs—but it will entation of colors, invocation and take a long time, under the present speeches were features of the cere- State Highway Engineer George T. McCoy at m~cro- financing program, to do the job. monies at the Spruce Avenue over- phone. CENTER—Selden Menefee, President Greater "Experience has taught us that the North Area Chamber of Commerce. LEFT—State only permanent solution to the prob- crossing about half way between Senator Harold T. Johnson. Roseville and Ben Ali. Sponsored lem of building traffic capacity and by the Roseville Area Chamber of safety into highways is to make them Commerce, the Greater North Area freeways. The Federal Government Speakers at the ceremonies included Chamber of Commerce, and the has recognized this fact, also, and Senator Earl Desmond, State High- Greater Sacramento Chamber of requires the states to plan all inter- way Engineer George T. McCoy, Commerce, the event was attended state system highways on a freeway Director of Public Works Frank B. by 500 representatives of gratified basis. Like other truly worthwhile Durkee, and Lieutenant Governor civic organizations, officials, and citi- things, freeways tend to be expensive. Powers, and others. zens from surrounding communities. "As you have undoubtedly seen in the newspapers, the Congress is now The armed forces were well repre- Freeway Law ConsTiTUtional sented at the road opening. Major considering legislation which, if en- Durkee pointed out General Roy L. Green, USA, Com- that litigation acted, will nearly double our highway over the relocation mander of the 49th Infantry Division, of US 40 (State construction program in California. Route between and Colonel Johnnie R. Dyer, Com- 3) Ben Ali and Rose- The bulk of the increased federal ville established one, mander of A~cClellan AFB, dropped two things: that funds would be concentrated on the the in for the ceremonies by helicopter. freeway law is constitutional; and interstate system. This would mean two, the right of the California High- faster improvement of US 40 and Senator Johnson Master of Ceremonies way Commission to relocate any part other interstate routes in California, Music was provided by the Rose- of the State Highway System. The and at the same time would release ville Joint Union High School Band so-called bond act roads are in no dif- more of our state funds for use on and a color guard of the California ferent category with respect to their other highways. Cadet Corps of San Juan Union High location than other highways in the "Freeway design improves with ex- School presented the colors. The system. perience. Each new freeway that we invocation was by the Rev. Floyd Governor Powers in a brief but build incorporates some improvements Brown, pastor of the First Baptist forceful speech said that since the over those which were built earlier, Church of Roseville. State Senator Legislature took cognizance in 1947 and this project is no exception. Harold T. Johnson of Placer County of the need for more highway financ- "Speaking for the engineers and was master of ceremonies and he ing, $1,650,000,000 had been spent the other workers of the State Divi- introduced a host of state and local for highways—more than had been sion of Highways, we pledge our officials. spent in all the 37 years previously. continued full-scale efforts toward and Public Works 29

6°9ighv✓ays

Ca9ifornia Ca9ifornia 30 30

funds). Bridge Bridge Q00 Q00 (Bay (Bay

$2,635,- facilities, facilities, Overcrossing Overcrossing revise revise

of of Oalcland Plaza Plaza and and Port Port 1. 1. Toll Toll

US US 40 Cons4ruetion Cons4ruetion oaa oaa Projects Projects Undsr Undsr

$2,600,000. estimated estimated cost cost

expressway, expressway, total 5.3 5.3 miles, miles,

Nevada Nevada line, Floriston Floriston to to Near Near (d) (d)

$3,868,000. cost cost mated mated

total total esti- expressway, expressway, miles, miles,

6.5 Magra, Magra, Colfax Colfax to to near near (c) (c)

$3,250,000. cost cost mated mated

total total esti- expressway, expressway, miles, miles,

Colfax, Colfax, Heather Heather 6.1 to to Glen Glen (b) (b)

],646,000. $ $

cost estimated estimated freeway, freeway, total total

for paving paving grading grading and and miles, miles,

3.1 Auburn, Auburn, Avenue Avenue in in I?lm I?lm

to Newcastle Newcastle east east of of One One mile mile (a) (a)

$11,364,000. mately mately

approxi- of of

a a total total cost cost and and «gill «gill

dedication dedication ceremony.

miles 21 21 bid bid cover cover advertised advertised for for

vans vans head head for for Sacramento Sacramento

and and

Roseville Roseville

following

may may

also also

be be a a

model model for for highways highways of

to to

plies plies torch torch "golden' "golden'

chain. chain. LOWER -Auto -Auto cara-

but but not not yet budgeted budgeted Projects Projects

5. 5.

in in its its but but design design it and and construction, construction, UPPER - Lieutenant Lieutenant J. J. Governor Governor Harold Harold Powers Powers ap-

not not only only a a typical typical modern modern freeway April April 7th.) Truckee Truckee

The The Hen Hen Ali - Roseville Roseville Freeway Freeway is meeting meeting in at at a a public public discussed discussed was was

Floriston

Lalce Lalce

and and Donner Donner tween tween New New Directional Directional Signs

miles miles be- 16 16 routing routing for for tentative tentative

turnouts, turnouts, $100,000.

Nevada Nevada line. line. (A and and the the Francisco Francisco

14. 14. Colfax Colfax Yuba Yuba Gap, Gap, truck to to

between between 159 159 San of of US US 40 40 miles miles

$644,000. cover declarations declarations now now 4. 4. Freeway Freeway

Heather Heather 2.7 2.7 Glen, Glen, expressway, expressway, miles,

list). (see (see

13. 13.

One One to mile mile west west of of Applegate Applegate

cost cost $54,000,000 approximate approximate total total of of

000. 31.6 31.6 miles miles at at an a a total total of of covering covering

12. 12. $SOS,- West West Auburn Auburn Underpass, Underpass, Freeway) Ben Ben Ali - Roseville Roseville and and the the

Carquinez (including (including work work at at way way freeway, freeway, $391,000.

3. 3. under projects projects are are Fourteen Fourteen Elm Elm Street Street in in Auburn, Auburn, structures structures for

11. 11. One One to mile mile east east of of 11eTTewcastle 11eTTewcastle miles.

13.5 Freeway Freeway by by will will increase increase this this 13.5 13.5 ville, ville, freev~•ay, freev~•ay, miles, miles, $5,400,000.

Roseville of of the the Ben Ben Ali Opening Opening - 0.5 0.5 10. 10. Ben Ben to to mile mile east east Rose- Ali Ali of of

to to completed completed standards. four -lane -lane

$474,000. structures, structures,

100 100 have have section, section, been miles miles ville ville

0.9, 0.9,

hambra hambra grade grade Street, Street,

surface surface and

Ali -Rose- including including the the Ben Ben 2. 2. Not Not

9. 9. Vallejo Vallejo Wye Wye Between Between and and Al-

way. the the traveled traveled miles miles on on bridge bridge funds). (toll (toll

to to the the line line Francisco Francisco is is 211 Nevada Nevada bridge bridge approaches, approaches, and and $5,090,000

of of US US 40 40 from from The The San length length 1. 1.

8. 8. Interchange, Interchange, Crockett Crockett freeway

US US

40 40

Progress bridge bridge $9,973,000 $9,973,000 (toll (toll funds).

7. 7. Carquinez Carquinez Bridge Bridge superstructure, ~vay ~vay 40:

bridge bridge (toll (toll funds). X5,942,000 X5,942,000 S. S. information information U. U. ing ing High- regarding regarding

Bridge Bridge Carquinez Carquinez 6. 6. substructure, Durkee's Durkee's talk talk included included the the follow-

funds). bridge bridge (toll (toll

4.8 4.8 miles, miles, $5,461,000. permit." funds funds

2.9 2.9 miles, miles, freeway, freeway, Road, Road, $7,829,000

24, 24, south south free~~ay, of of County County Road Road these these highways highways as as rapidly rapidly as as available

of of Hercules Hercules North North to to 5. 5. Crockett

3. 3. of of to mile mile south south Jefferson Jefferson 0.2 0.2 We We shall shall continue continue be be to to proud. proud. build

highways highways of of which which modern modern they they can 1.9 1.9 413,000. miles, miles, $2,230,000.

freeway, freeway, 4.9 4.9 with with a a Hercules, Hercules, system system of of freeways freeways and and other $7,- of of miles, miles, eight -lane -lane rito rito freeway, Overhead, Overhead,

Hilltop Hilltop providing providing the the of of people people of of Drive Drive California 4. 4. South South to to of of University University to to 2. 2. El El South South Cer- north BEN ALI-ROSEVILLE FREEWAY Length-13.5 miles from Ben Ali to 0.5 mile east of Roseville Approximate cost (including right of way)—$5,500,000 Work began July 17, 1953 Major contracts: 1. Between 1 mile south and 0.5 mile east of Roseville—Grading 3.5 miles and cons ruction of six bridges; awarded June 10, 1953—cost $1,389,237; Ukro- pina, Pollock, Kral and Ukro- pina, Contractor. 2. Between Berr Ali and Placer Upper and lower case lefiers are used in directional signs on the new Ben Ali-Roseville Freeway. the signs County line—construct seven were installed on a test basis in an attempt to improve readability. Heretofore only overhead illuminated bridges and approaches; signs were of this type, the others all capital letters. awarded August 6, 1953—cost $659,976; Ukropina, Pol?ock, the fur_ure as far as directional signs style in their headlines for better read- Kral and Ukrcpina, Contractor. are concerned. abili*v. 3. Between Ben A4i and one mile south of f:osevii':e, grading 10.3 The Division of Highways has in- one of tl~e most interesting devel- miles and surfacing frontage stalled certain directional signs on the opments «~iil be noted at night at the roaas and overcrossing roads; Ben Ali-Roseville Freeway on a test east-bound Fulton Avenue turnoff. awarded December 7, 1954, basis in an attempt to improve reada- "There bla;~lc light (ultra violet) `vill cost $812,000; A. Teichert `& bility and better serve the motoring he used ro illuminate fluorescent ma- Son, Inc., Contractor. public. if they prove successful, some t~rial nn 18-inch and 12-inch letters of the sign types may become stand- 4. Between Ben Ali and 0.5 mile reeding "Fulton Avenue" and a di- east of Roseville—plant-mixed ard and ta?~e their places on the high- rectional arrow pointing to the right. surfacing on cement treated ~~ays throughout the State. The sign is 18 feet long and 40 inches base, 13.1 miles; awarded De- Tlie principal difference which an wide and is placed 17 feet above the cember 17, 1954—cost $1, 691,- observing motorist will note is the ground. 807; Baldwin Contracting Co., use of srriall letters after initial capitals First Apaplication Inc., Contractor. (upper and lower case) in the direc- This is the first application in high- tional Gigns. Heretofore only over- wap sibning in California of the black head i:luminated signs were of this libht principle which makes the let- cial advertising where permanence is type. Others were all capital letters. ters of a sign glow and stand out «~hi!e not the important factor that it is in ~1~Iost ne~~spapers have long since the bacl~ground remains invisible. highway signing. adopted the upper and lower case Such signs have been used in comm~r- Weathering rapidly red~iced the effectiveness of the fluorescent niate- rial on such signs previously tested Traffic on Auburn Boulevard before opening of Roseville-3en Ali Freeway for highway use. Now a method of putting a porcelainized, glass-like finish over the letters has been dej~eloped «~hich preserves the fluorescenf~e. On the conventional reflective signs, col.orecl backgrounds are being tested as possible replacement for tn° standard black. Green reflective s1_:eeting is used for directional signs and blue for no tzty~~z sibns. Against the green renectorized background two types of lettering are being tested—metal cut-out letters fitted with reflector buttons and cut- out letters made of rei~ective slieetin~~. and ~~8~~~c V✓~rks 31 Cr~.~l ~e n ~ ~ ~ O~ of New'Sa~e Highway

By H. CLYDE AMESBIJRY, District Traffic Engineer

W ~ wxo now live here in Shasta Deal in Cattle County accept the route through the coNrRacr As a first step, he went to Santa Sacramento Canyon as being the main Cruz and bought 40 head of horses. thoroughfare to the north, but there Then he went to see Governor Al- is every reason to believe that this is varado at Monterey to arrange for only true since the relatively short buying cattle. At first he met with a era of modern transportation. WEED blank refiisal. After lengthy negotia- the white o;~ tions, he finally got an order on the Prior to the coming of ~.~G \., HAN i~ men, it is probable that the canyon I MT. SHASTA San Francisco Mission to sell him 30 route was little used. It was too tough. bulls and 170 cows. He was then to Such nortt: and south travel as there be allo~~ed to buy enough additional was detoured around it. It is signifi- to bring his herd up to 700 head. He cant that. the first white man to reach was to pay the Spanish Governor for Shasta County, which occurred in the 500 head even though the cattle ~a 1329, came. from the north but did 7itiNiTV UNDER ~ ~, >ma~~E belonged to the Mission. not come through the canyon. When. he presented his order to the Mission Padres. they did not wish to Jededah Smith first came to the San LAKE dispose of any cows and deliberately Gabriel Mission, near what is now Los misread the order to mean that they Angeles, in 1828. He had 18 men and were to supply 170 bulls and 30 cows. 300 horses and mules. He was not This meant more trips to Monterey welcomed by the Spaniards and was 1955 and Santa Cruz. Finally, he got this forced to leave. He went back to Salt straightened out. Labe City, but next year he started Thy Missions were required to out again. This time he came down gather the cattle, but when Young the Columbia River, turned south at went to get them, he found some of Walla Walla and arrived in the vicin- DEVELOPMENT.OF TRAVELED ~ them had been starved and beaten to ity of Sacramento by following the WAYS FROM THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY TO YREKA bring them under submission to the. American River. This he named the. 1825 —1956 extent that they could not travel. Wild River because the Indians who River and Again Young engaged in a hassle and had never seen a white man, fled thence southwest to the Pit finally got these animals replaced. wildly at his approach. Cow Creep to the valley. Oddly enough, the first activity Finally, he was ready. Don't forget From the Sacramento area, he that might be considered as an effort that Young originally had only $.3,000. turned north along the east bank of to use the canyon route was the at- With this, he had purchased 40 horses, the Sacramento, crossed some place tempt t~ move a herd of cattle from 700 head of cattle, bought necessary in t11e vicinity of Red Bluff and came California to Oregon. This occurred supplies and had enough to hire men into Shasta County. The expedition in 183? and was an endeavor by to help take the herd to Oregon. The there. turned west into Trinity County Ewing Yotmg. price ofi beef was not as high then in and the vicinity of Burnt Ranch. He came to California in 1830 and California as it is now. At this time there was considerable soon after went to Oregon. He be- Fording a River myster` as to whence the Sacramento came acquainted with, and indignant River came. One old map showed it at the Hudson Bay Company because The crew and herd started out. At as draining from the Great Salt Lake. they would not let the settlers buy the first river they encountered, the any cattle. The company owned 28 San Jose, the herd absolutely refused Coming of Trappers and Traders head and they wouldn't sell any. to cross. Crossing rivers wasn't in Trappers and. traders followed the Young formed the Willamette Cat- their contract.. The drivers then built footsteps of the Smith expedition to tle Company with a capital of $3,000. a raft, lassoed a few calves and ferried reach the Sacramento Valley, but He ~~as president, and a Mr. Edwards them across. The theory was that the they did not come through the can- was treasurer. He then came down to co~~~s would follow. It didn't work. yon. Thev mostly came from Oregon California to buy cattle and take them Finally they had to build a holding down the lower Klamath Lake area, back to Oregon. corral on the opposite bank, lassoed

32 California Highways Shasta to Pit River by coach, then they traveled 40 miles to Soda Springs by mule back where they again took the stake for the final 49 miles to Yreka. The mule trains generally consisted of 30 to 40 mules with packers. Each f ~ _ .,~ ~ ... passenger was allowed 40 pounds of `, bagga;e and a canteen of water. The ~_ advertisements of the day dwelt heavily on that fact that everything was done for the passenger's comfort. '-'~.. s: 4~ !. The First Road „_, ~,,, r Between 1850 and 1871, highways were ir. the making. They were _. -~— mostly ungraded and unsurfaced. One s ~~, stage going the 40 miles from Red Bluff to Shasta spent 2%2 days travel- Typical highway tonstruciion in Sacramento Canyon about 1928. Dotted line shows road before relocation. ing the last 11 miles. Comment on the record: "We were visited by a a few head at a time, and dragged difficult canyons. On every hand Alps storm." them across the river with the raft. rise above Alps and mingle with the We do not know too much about It took 30 days to get the herd across clouds. A repulsive mountain rises r_he building of a road through the this stream. before us." canyon. Doubtless, it was accom- On August 14, 1837, they crossed Finally, they reached Chasty Val- plished by working from both ends the Sacramento River near Red Bluff. ley. Spelled C-H-A-S-T-Y. They lost and consisted of first knocking off Shortly thereafter, he passed through 170 head of cattle on the way, but points and clearing so that wagons Poverty Flat, now the site of Red- had traded some horses for cattle and could get through. Doubtless bridges ding, and started up the canyon. actually came through with 724 head. were built over tributary streams only Picture, if you can, the trials facing From here on the trip to Oregon to be washed out and built again. It this undertaking. In the first place, was relatively easy. As to profits, one it also highly probable that after the these cattle were only a shade less stockholder said he would trade his road was first opened, there were con- wild than deer. Prior to the start of for a drink of water, so it couldn't siderable periods when soil and flood the drive, they had never been han- have been a very successful venture. conditions closed it to all but pack dled and were continually trying to Later several other mounted parties train travel. break away and escape. Some did came down the canyon. First Highway break away in this upper valley and Bond Issue Gold Discoveries formed the nucleus of the wild cattle In 1902, the Legislature extended that ~~ere here when the settlers came Gold discoveries in 1849 greatly the powers of the Legislature so that later. Cow Creek got its name from increased travel and while the first a State Highway System could be des- these same wild cattle. Then in Au- north and south stage travel went ignated and in 1909 a bond issue of gust, the Sacramento Canyon is blaz- west from Shasta to French Gulch, $18,000,000 was voted to build such ing hot. The hills are baked hard and thence north into Scott Valley and u system. In 1911, a highway commis- dry. We have no record that there Yreka, ~ettletnents south of that place sioii was organized and seven district was even a trail. Cattle feed must have in the vicinity of Mount Shasta and offices established. This commission been scarce. Weed, made demands for a route was assigned Room 118 in the State through the canyon. Capitol. A. Bedford Tough Trip T. was the first At this time, Shasta "The Queen district engineer of the Redding dis- Soori after entering the canyon, City" was the metropolis of Northern trict. Edwards recorded in his diary that, California. In fact, with Sacramento The minutes of the meetings of this "Over the different steeps, thru and San Francisco, it shared the honor first highway commission are of in- compact masses of Chameese and of being one of the three largest terest to us now. They owned con- Manzanita, in and out of the succes- towns in the State. Los Angeles was siderable stock; horses for survey sive craggy canyons they urged and only a Mexican pueblo. wagons, saddle horses and animals for forced the stubborn cattle. In 1849, a combination stage and general use in hauling light passenger The drivers want to quit but mule train schedule was put in opera- vehicles. Quite a lot of time was de- had no place to go if they did. tion by way of Buckeye, Pit River, voted to securing a suitable brand. Later Edwards wrote, "Lofty Dog Creek and Soda Springs. Passen- Finally, they decided on a device mountains exchanged for deep and gers traversed the first 17 miles from which represented two letter C's end Public Works 33 placed bacl~wards to each other and Cons3ruc~tion begun the exception of the grade in and out some d;stance apart. A bar connected Apparently, this report was pre- of Doi Creek near Delta and the them to represent a C, an H, and a C. pared in piecemeal. In covering the grade from the saddle into La Nloine. In other meetings, some considera- 13-mile section from Mullin's Ranch These grades run as high as 15 per- ble time. vas devoted to securing a to La Moine, Bedford reports, "Prac- cent in places." car for the use of the commission. tically gill the through traffic between Qn the section between Castle The choice simmered down to either the Sacramento Valley and Oregon Crags and Dunsmuir, Bedford says, a 28-tiorsepo~ver Franklin or a 32- passes o`rer this section when the road "There is considerable local travel for horsep~~~er Cadillac. is in food condition, but a large por- this part of tha country, over this This commission made a good start; tion has been diverted over othei- section. ~ * ~ The width of the many present highway policies were roads of late on account of the miser- traveled way is 12 to 16 feet." Later, conceived by this same body and are able condition of the county road. lie says, "Grades are up t~~ 121/Z per- still being followed. The width of the traveled way will On February 8, 1912, the commis- average about eight feet." A little fur- cent." sion voted to have the highway engi- ther on he says, "The existing road Altogether, we get the picture of neer make a reconnaissance of US 99 has ra*her crooked alignment with a narrow, crooked, unsurfaced road in Division II, between Redding and some curves as sharp as a 20-foot ra- that was never very good at best. and L~unsmuir. dius. The grades are fairly light with impassable in portions of the year.

dour-lane divided highway near south end of Sacramenfa Canyon, 12 miles north of Redding

~4 California Highways The Highway Commission began construction of the road through the canyon in 1912.

R9ew FOig~way Needed It proceeded partly by day labor, but generally by contracts. These corer the period from 1914 to about 1930. The total expenditures in this period amounted to about four and one-half million dollars. When you consider that in order to bring this figure in line with present day dollar value, it `vould be necessary to mul- tiply it by about three; then compare this 13 %z with today's 17 million dollar estimate for the canyon construction. It appears that the State will get a lot mare far its money today than it did then. The existing road was located, in no small degree, in suc(~ a way as to get through the country the most economically. The new I~ighway, besides being over twice as ~~ide, will be built to a location which provides certain necessary sight distance and grades. F. W. Haselwood came to Redding as district engineer in 1932. He replaced H. S. Comley who told him Reconstructed highway around Shasfa Lake. Pit River Bridge in background. Terrain across the lake that he was free of one worry. The is typical of that over which Edwards drove his cattle. road up the Sacramento Canyon vas built and would need no more atten- complete study of three are under way tion. In accordance with the traffic be built without a Lake, contracts relocation. an requiremei7ts at that time, it was. The the entire canyon that represent an expenditure of entire canyon the phenomenal increase in population and Accordingly, the additional $4,500,000. This covers over traffic in our State has now rendered from the ne~v bridge south clear construction of a new bridge relo- miles of highway. it obsolete. It cannot take care of down to the north end of the Dog Creek and 6.5 completed in present da~~ traffic and unless replaced cation around Shasta Lake «gas photo- All of these should be contour will be a serious bottleneck within a graphed by aerial survey. ~ 195:6 or early in 1957. and fe~v years. niap `vas then prepared. From this a The surveys are completed tentative location was made. This was plans are under way for the balance Even the section from Bass Hill to then placed on the ground and of the 19 miles that remain between t3ntler that was constructed to clear checked. This probably saved two the north end of the current contine reservoir created by Shasta Dam, years of time. After this vas accom- tracts and the Sacramento River is not up to present day standards. plished, it was possible to pick out Bridge in Dunsmuir. Hawever, it is likely to serve for quite any individual section, prepare plans A real start is being made on the a fe~~ years because other sections of and let a contract for construction Sacramento Canyon reconstruction. the highway are much more in need with the assurance that the work done We do not know ho~v long it will of attention. «could finally fit into the completed be before the entire canyon will be whole. completed. It depends nn several fac- First ContracT in 1952 Last year, the L)ivisi~n of High- tors, the mast important is «hen the. In 1952, the first contract looking ~vays completed the relocating and Highway Commission can male funds toward the reconstruction of the Sac- constructing of the 12-mile section of a~>ailable. rainento Canyon was let. This was liighwav between Redding- nncl Shasta However, when it is all completed for four miles ofd, divided highwa~~ Lake. This `~~as accomplished by an and you can safely drive from Red- north of Dunsmuir. This was fol- expenditure of about $2,700,000. ding to Dunsmuir at a sustained speed lowed in 1953 by a contract for a of 55 miles per hour, try and remem- ne«~ bride over the Sacramento Three Contracts Under Way ber Ewing Young. Thinlz about. him River in Dunsmuir. This was the only Benond the portion of highway trying to herd those wild cattle over part of the canyon project that could that ~va~ relocated arn~and Shasta ...Continued on page 72 and Public Works 35 SUSANVILLE-ALTURAS ROAD IN LASSEN AND MODOC GETS IMPROVEMENT

By H. C. HOLUM, Assistant Highway Engineer

When the State took the road be- to be desired. Sometimes the road lava. It would be expensive. Second, tween Johnstonville and Alturas into ascended a short steep pitch with a anything accomplished would be for the State Highway System in 1933, it short radius curve on top. These temporary relief ,end would not fit got a road that had never been located added a certain sporting hazzard to into the final plan and location. Third, as a highway; it was merely estab- night driving, because after ascending highways in other locations carrying lished through usage. the rise and the vehicle's headlights much heavier traffic had to have pri- While the entire section was defi- were still pointing above the horizon, ority due to congestion and a high cient, the worst portion was be- the driver had to make a rather ab- accident rate. tween Secret Valley and Ravendale in rupt turn without full benefit of his Lassen County. The road ran into and lights! Survey Made in 1946 out of gulches, around the points of Outside of adding light surfacing The district made a survey in hills and dodged lava outcrops. Cuts and patching the same, very little had 1946 over the entire section. After and fills were limited to about two been done to this section in the fol- the Collier-Burns Act became a law feet in depth. It advanced by indi- lowing years. There were several rea- in 1947, plans were completed for rection. As a route for exploring the sons. First, due to the volcanic char- a 3-mile portion located between 6.5 area, it was ideal. As a route for get- acter of the country, any grading and 9.5 miles north of Secret Val- ting .through the area, it left much would involve drilling and shooting ley, using these plans, the Bureau of

This photo is typical of the old Susanville-Alturas road

36 ~~lif~rnic~ Highways REDWOOD FREEWAY Continued from page 28 ... mission of the completed study to headquarters. The 43 miles submitted and adopted was the result of over 200 miles of detailed investigations at an engineering cost of close to $40,000 including the aerial survey.. The successful conclusion of a project of this magnitude that involves a great number of people, communities, towns, industries, and interorganiza- tional divisions within State and local governments indicates the smooth- working policies that dictate and guide such projects through the in- tricacies of complex physical, personal, and theoretical problems involved in such an undertaking. The endorsement of the recommended line by the Division of Beaches and Parks, which is responsible for the preservation of the dedicated groves and recreational areas, was the result of close liaison and mutual understanding of problems that demanded the utmost in co- This photograph shows a typical section of the completed new highway operation by both organizations. In conclusion, credit should be Public Roads awarded a contract to Savings in time given to the generous volume of in- Harms Bros. for its construction. This All of the foregoing projects total- telligent publicity accorded this study was completed. in 1951 at a cost of ing 17 miles consist of an all-paved by newspapers, radio, and television. $307,000. 32-foot section providing two 12-foot Following official news releases that lanes with 4-foot shoulders. the study had been completed, these In 1.952 a section was constructed Approximately 26 miles north of organizations went all out to present 2.08 miles in length, extending south Ravendale, between the communities the facts through their particular from the bureau project, by A. Teich- of Madeline and Likely, another con- medium. In one instance, a team of ert &Sons, Inc. The resident engi- tract was awarded to Harms Bros, in four television specialists was dis- neer was Ellis Engle. It was completed October, 1955, at a low bid of patched to attend the Sacramento in 1953 at a cost of $333,214. $301,898, to grade and pave a 3.5-mile hearing which they recorded pic- section in the north end of Lassen In the fall of 1953, Harms Bros. torially and by sound. County. The project extends between received a contract from the Division These Sagehen Summit and Dry Creek. The recordings and pictures were of Highways to construct the balance later released through a existing road is very narrow and series of tele- of the southern portion. This was 4.7 vision broadcasts crooked, with short steep grades. The in their entirety. The miles long and extended from Secret value of this project is being constructed on en- publicity paid off by the Valley to the completed highway at prompt tirely new alignment and will be com- acceptance of the recom- the north end. It was completed at a rnended pleted by fall. This project will also routing by awell-informed cost of $547,392: R. J. Felton was public. be a 32-foot all-paved section with resident engineer. 4-foot shoulders. In the fall of 1954, Harms Bros. was The improvements, completed and During the 1954-55 Fiscal Year the a~~arded a contract on the northerly under way, will provide a consider- total number of contractors prequali- and last section. This~+project covered able savings in time and distance to fied to bid on the various types of 7.3 miles and extended from the north the traveling public. At the same time, state highway construction increased end of the bureau project to Raven- in comparison with traveling over the from 691 to 780. The combined bid- dale. It was completed in October, old "tortuous trail," the route can be ding capacity of these 780 prequalified 1955, at a cost of $563,780. The writer traveled with driving comfort and a contractors is estimated to be $1,472,- was resident engineer. relief from accident hazards. 000,000. and Public Works 37 THE STOGY OF CIS 40 f~ND uS 50

California Highways and Public Works and developed, was the first to be routes because of their mathematic- is indebted to William F. Kilcline, Manager of the News Bureau of the completed as a through route. This like accuracy and, gradually, the California State Automobile Associa= was a situation to keep any political Lincoln and Victory Highway, what tion, for the following clarification of pot boiling. Naturally, before the with changes, realignments and other the histories of US 40, US 50, and Sign Route 24, popularly known as t1~e River Victory Highway was promoted and developments, suffered accordingly in Road between Sacramento and Oc~k- its construction began in earnest, the matter of the public's knowledge land: ever~T city and town wanted to be of their exact routing. Since the uncertainty about the situated on the Lincoln Highway, To increase the confusion, upon routing of the Lincoln Highway also particularly in California. Thus in the completion of the Yolo Bypass, involves the routing of the Victory this State, the highway over Donner the present U. S. Highway 40 vas Highway, it will be necessary to go Summit (US 40) and the highway designated as an alternate Lincoln into some detail to clear up the mat- over Echo Summit (US 50) were Highway route. ter. This is especially true when an originally designated alternate Lin- analysis of the available information coln Highway routes. Original Lincoln Highway shoes there are three sources for the ~3ut with the promotion and de- The original Lincoln Highway misunderstandings on the locations of velopment of the northern trans- turned south from the State Capitol to these famous high~Jays. Sierra route (U.S. 40) as the Victory Stockton and then east through Liver- The first uncertainty or misunder- Highway, it vas generally agreed more to Oakland and San Francisco. standing arises from the fact that in that the southern trans-Sierra route The ne~v routing then gave two des- the East and in the Midwest, the (U.S. 50) would thereafter enjoy the ignated Lincoln Highways from Sac- Lincoln Highway runs north of the sole right to be designated the Lincoln ramento to the Bay area, US 50 and Victory Highway and follows U. S. Highway route in California. US 40. This latter route is properly Highway 30 through Philadelphia, Of course, interested parties on the. a part of the Victory Highway, since Chicago and Omaha. At Salt Lake northern route continued for a time this highway follows US 40 from the City, the Lincoln and Victory High- to cling to the advantabe of keeping Eastern Seaboard all the ~vay cross ways merge and continue as one a double name for their highway. country through Baltimore, Columbus, route through the Great Salt Lake In other words, they accepted the St. Louis, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Desert to Wendover, Utah, where the Victory Highway designation but, Reno to Oakland and San Francisco. Lincoln Highway (following U. S. at the same time, clung to the It also should be pointed out that the Highway 50) strikes southward and Lincoln Highway designation, too. Lincoln and Victory Highway Asso- becomes the southern route into There would have been a definite ciations, in their efforts to obtain northern California and the Victory clarification of this matter, no doubt, funds, made several reroutings which Highway, following U. S. Highway had not the federal highway number- involved the "River Road" (State 40, continues westward and becomes ing system come into existence at Highway 24) between Sacrament the northern route into California. about this time. and Oakland. In other «cords, there This merging and crossover of the two was a short time in which US 50, With the advent of the federal cross-country highways in the Utah- US 40 and State Highway numbering system for highways, the 24 were Nevada area is not always clearly a three-~vay choice for Lincoln High- highway officials, and motoring pub- understood by many people. (Before ~vay travelers and US 40 and State lic ~~ere less concerned about main- the completion of the highway across Highway 24 were atwo-~~aST choice taining the correct use of names for the Great Salt Lake Desert, it should for Victory Highway travelers be- highways than they were concerned be remembered, too, that the Lincoln tween that State Capitol and the &ay about federal and state numeral desig- Highway turned southward to .Main area. Thus the Lincoln and Victory nations. Besides, it helped them to Forks, on the southern tip of, the Highway, upon approaching their maintain a certain air of neutrality in Great Salt Lake, then took a south- Pacific Coast termini overlapped local fights over appropriations and westerly course through Tooele, again, as they did through the Great the use of these names.. Signboards, Granite Mountain and Ibapah, Utah, Salt Lalce Desert in western Utah. markers, plaques carrying highway to Shellbourne, Nevada, then south This is a general picture of the names were neglected, or they dis- to Ely, Nevada.) situation and perhaps the explana- appeared, and the use of highway The second uncertainty arises from ticans of the uncertainties that have the fact that the Lincoln Highway names consequently declined, espe- arisen do not fit ever} specific. case was the first cross-country route to ciallyr since the "promoting organiza- regarding the Lincoln and Victory be promoted and developed, but the tions" began to go out of existence. High~~ay routings; nevertheless, they Victory Highway, though the second A new generation of tourists arose do show the over-all pattern of the cross-country route to be promoted. who preferred to follow numbered misunderstandings and. their causes.

38 California Highways ~ECEMBEA~ 1953, was an important date to the citizens of Tulare, and to the thousands of motorists using U. S. Highway 99, the popular Valley Route between Los Angeles and San Francisco. This date marked the completion of a 7.9-mile freeway between Tulare Airport and Tagus in Tulare County. To the highway motorists this ne~~ freeway meant that another vital link had been added in bringing a desired goal into reality; a continuous four- lane divided roadway connecting Southern and Northern California. To the citizens of Tulare the new freeway meant that several thousand vehicles driving through the center of their town each day would be diverted to a new highway bypassing their community. In the opinion of many people this new highway alignment, so far a~~ay from the central section of the town, might result in economic ruin to retail business in Tulare, and therefore might seriously damage the general economy of the community. Tulare is about air hour's drive from Bakersfield or Fresno, and approximately midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, on U. S. Highway Aerial view showing freeway bypass of Tulare. Old highway can be identified by row of trees across upper 99. Like all other towns along a main right por►ion of photo. Interchange in censer of picture shows Lindsay highway left of freeway and Tulare street on fhe right.. This street extends west fo intersection with old highway in vicinity of central business traffic arterial, the highway route be- district, right of photo. came one of the first commercial areas in the community. As the town grew, nearly every tyre of business enter- F9ighwny Change nomic climate of a e~~r~n~unity that prise located along the highway, cre- The present highway change ~ls~ has had its traffic and travel habits ating a ribbon-type business area follows an almost predictable pattern changed by freeway construction, ex- extending for a distance of nearly five in the normal development of most of perience has not simplified the prob- miles, with the center of this ribbon California's cities. Although to Tu- lem of evaluating the changing effect development near the junction of the lare's citizens this removal of through but rather has accentuated the need highway extending east and west to traffic presented an immediate cause of of being fully cognizant of, and com- Lindsay anti Corcoran. As often hap- unrest because of anticipated property pleting a thorough analysis of the pens during the growth of communi- depreciations, experience in similar sit- major contributing factors of the eco- uations has indicated a more satisfying nomic growth of the area. ties, the center of b~isiness areas shifts and beneficial effect than is normally As a general concept it can be to new locations. During Tulare's expected. stated that every improvement, growth the main business area shifted Although it has always been our whether it be water supply, drainage, to K Street, parallel with the former policy to accept willingly the respon- ar highways that performs a service highway route. sibility for analyzing the over-all eco- to the public at a lower unit cost than and Public Works ~q the facility it replaces, represents a tem, can increase or reduce the in- agriculture in other sections of the capital gain to the community and, come stream in some specific location county is more diversified. therefore, an economic benefit. for those businesses primarily catering Tulare is referred to as the center of In the case of freeway development, to the highway trafFic. However, from the cotton belt in the county, and this every construction is thoroughly jus- past experience it has been proven that crop has been one of the biggest tified by reason of the transportation this effect is generally temporary in sources of cash income to farmers in savings to the individual motorist. nature, and is subject to almost imme- this area. Acreage planted to cotton is These savings represent added pur- diate stabilization by the readjustment under the jurisdiction of the Federal chasing power in additional transpor- of the traveling habits of the put~lic, Government, ancl~during the past four tation or other fields for every res- .and the merchant's adaptability to ac- years the acreage allotted for the pro- dent who utilizes the facility, and, cept and to capitalize on these travel- duction of cotton has been reduced therefore, the dispersion of these saving habits. approximately 50 percent. The acre- ings is a measure of general economic Again, and I think it is worthy to age taken out of cotton has been gain. However, the problem of free- repeat, that such changes created by planted to substitute crops however, way influence, although involving a diversion of traffic are temporary in the income from these other crops is these general benefits, must be demon- nature, and are small percentagewise substantially smaller than the cash re- strated for maximum clarity not by in the relationship to the entire com- turn from cotton. general benefits enjoyed by the community economy, and in the final This reduction of cotton acreage in munity, but rather by the special analysis will recuperate so that in the the Tulare area has had a marked ef- measurable benefits on individual broad concept the community will de- fect upon the purchasing power properties either through their in- rive not only the calculated saving to among the farmers, and in turn di- crease in value or the improvement or the individual motorist, but the addi- rectly influences the economic wel- diminution of their business attraction tional benefits inherent in an improved fare of Tulare. potential. transportation facility. Individual cotton farmers in the Visalia and Porterville areas were also In individual instances this matter In a study of the City of Tulare it hurt by the reduction in acreage of highway in$uence may have a was apparent that the area's. basic in- allotted to cotton production; how- marked effect, sometimes factually, come stream depended upon its agri- ever, the diversification of agriculture but unfortunately many times psycho- cultural production; therefore, in the around these communities has pro- logically; however, to measure this following analysis specific considera- vided other revenues to help offset the effect by factual information requires tion is given to this field. that the major contributing factors to reduced cotton income so that the effects which also loom economic growth be first analyzed Secondary economic status of those communities economic picture, such and properly evaluated. large in the was not as seriously influenced by the as relative population growth both in In spite of the exaggerated impor- decrease in revenue from one particu- the county and in the city, and the tance often given to the highway ef- lar crop. relative employment factor, have also fect individually on these properties, The dairy industry at Tulare is gen- been given thorough analysis. The it is a relatively small percentage of erally considered to be second to cot- property sales and building activity the influence exercised by these ton in importance as a source of are also major fields of activity that broader fields. revenue from agriculture. The income tie very closely to the rise and fall of from dairying has decreased in recent stream. Community Income the basic income years because of several adverse fac- In the case of the City of Tulare, This is particularly true in the in- tors, such as the growing competition as is true in every economic study, dustrial development where new in- from other producers selling to their it was apparent that before measuring dustrial growth or expansions of exist- chief metropolitan market, and an n- this highway influence it would be ing plants are noticeably allied to the creasing trend in reducing dairy oper- necessary to measure the fluctuation agricultural field. ations in favor of other types of or stability in the fields representing It is not until these major fields have agriculture utilizing irrigation water. the City of Tulare's major source of been studied and properly evaluated Gradual changes by individual income. The trend in this basic ° in- that it is possible to apply the addi- farmers, from dairying into other come stream affects every business- tional effect of traffic and traveler be- fields of agriculture, is very likely man and every property owner in the havior pattern to those properties and being done because of necessity or the community to an extent far in excess businesses catering to highway travel opportunity to achieve higher in- of the revisions of its transportation so that the contributions of the high- comes. Even if individual incomes im- system. It is axiomatic that the fluc- way changes can be measured. prove, and Tulare benefits financially, tuation in this income stream is the dairying as a key industry supporting factor that will determine to the Agriculture the general economy has been dimin- greatest extent the economic status of Our analysis of Tulare's income ishing, and, in so doing, the many busi- the community. stream indicated that the majority of ness enterprises closely associated with The transportation system, and in farm income around Tulare relies this specific phase of agriculture have Tulare that means the highway sys- upon cotton and dairying, whereas been affected.

~p Cc~Iifornia Highvtray~ Employment There has been a marked effect upon the number of agricultural workers in the Tulare area because of the reduced cotton allotment, crop changes, and the reduction in dairying. In addition, the mechanization of the cotton industry has further reduced manpower requirements. Because of these changes, Tulare County has suffered a decrease of approximately 4,000 farm laborers. At present there are 34 principal crops in the county, each requiring more than 500 seasonal workers, the greatest demand for workers being in the eastern portion of the county commonly referred to as the "thermo belt." In the Tulare area, cotton is the "main street;' parallel with old highway rouse principal field crop requiring farm la- Looking north on K Street, 7ulare's borers. The use of cotton picking ma- chines has become so popular in this increases since 1950 similar to the gain Highway 99 traffic indicated a prefer- area that approximately 65 percent of made in Tulare. The annexation of ence for a bypass of the town wher- the cotton grown during the past areas which had been outside the city ever it was located. three years has been picked by ma- limits in 1950, and the normal increases The average daily traffic count in chine. of births over deaths have accounted 1955 revealed that 78 percent of the This decreasing employment was so for a portion of the population in- highway traffic bypassed the south pronounced that it became necessary creases in the cities. With allowance entrance into the town. A certain per- for the farm labor office at Tulare to for these increases which do not com- centage of these vehicles entered the close in November, 1953. The State prise new migration into the commu- city at the five interchanges on the Department of Employment now is nities, Tulare and other cities have not freeway between the north and south able to serve the Tulare area ade- suffered the population decline that entrances. The traffic counts clearly quately with mobile units. occurred in the over-all total for the reveal that the freeway in its present This sharp reduction in the number county. The reduction in the employ- location is performing the traffic serv- of migratory workers at Tulare could ment of approximately 4,000 farm ice for which it was designed by re- not help but have an influence on busi- laborers during recent years is removing from Tulare's streets only the ness receipts, particularly noticeable flected in the county population fig- highway motorists who have no in- among certain types of retail outlets. ures rather than in the cities. Nearly tention of stopping in the community. The loss of hundreds of customers all of the farm laborers reside in areas Consequently, the decrease in the who made purchases in the business outside the city limit boundaries. number of through highway travelers district during five to six months of The population loss in the rural in front of the ribbon-type business every year can, and do, seriously af- areas of the county will definitely in- development extending along the old fect the gross receipts of many busi- fluence business conditions, and indi- highway in Tulare has improved the nesses. rectly affect the economic conditions safety and parking conditions for the Population of the cities who are dependent upon local customers patronizing these re- The 1955 estimated population of the purchasing power produced by tail outlets. The improvement in this California areas and counties revealed agriculture in the surrounding areas. area for local shopping is fairly well the population of Tulare County was proven by the fact that these retail 2.9 percent lower than in 1950. Dur- Traffic outlets which cater to the needs of the ing this same five years the population In the selection of possible routes people living in the Tulare area throughout the State increased 23.1 for any highway relocation, traffic showed the greatest increase of any percent. studies are made to determine the business sector in Tulare after the re- In May, 1955, a special census was destinations of all vehicles driving routing of through traffic to the free- conducted in the (i,~'ty of Tulare, and through a community. Prior to the way. the report shows a 6.49 percent popu- construction of the freeway bypass Retail Business lation increase within the city limits of Tulare, traffic studies revealed that The largest available source of fac- since 1950. A special census made in 60 percent of the traffic entering the tual information used in this study was 1954 and 1955 in the larger cities of city passed through without stopping. in relation to retail business. This data Tulare County revealed population In other words, 60 percent of U. S. consists of sales tax reports of the busi-

and Public Works 41

F9~ghways Ca9a¢orn~c~ Ca9a¢orn~c~ 42 42

streets business business highway highway traffic traffic along along areas. specified specified within within traffic traffic by- r~uting r~uting the the using using motorists motorists from from lost lost ness ness

through

by by caused caused congestion congestion the the re- of of effect effect the the determine determine to to busi- ulation, ulation, of of volume volume the the represents represents county, county,

fact,

In In from from highway highway traveler. traveler. fit fit the the tab- this this using using possible, possible, is is It It Tulare. Tulare. of of the throughout throughout stations stations of of losses losses the the

bene-

any, any, if if little, little, derive derive very very which which sectors various various in in and and high~.vay, high~.vay, seded seded of excess excess in in Tulare Tulare of of City City the the in in tions tions

businesses the the are are group. group. These These other" other" super- the the along along located located stations stations sta- by by ice ice suffered suffered loss loss the the of of all, all, not not but but

"all

the the

as as to to are are referring referring which which we we serv- the the on on tabulations tabulations separate separate note note portion, a a stations, stations, service service of of tivity tivity

category a a in in

community community prises prises the the in in will You You degree. degree. some some to to reaction reaction this this sales sales ac- the the to to contributing contributing factors factors

enter- of of

business business leaves leaves the the remainder remainder trace to to possible possible is is it it study study this this all In In to to given given consideration consideration full full With With

places

drinking drinking eating eating and and the the and and

adjustment.

necessary necessary the the make make 4.37 4.37 percent. declined declined County County lare lare

stations

service service of of The The

segregation segregation

stations as as

increase increase

and and will will area, area, the the Tu- throughout throughout stations stations service service all all of of

for

expectancy expectancy the the

than than

less less be be will will

sales gross gross time time of of period period same same the the business ing ing 04her 04her All All

adjustment

of of period period the the

sales sales during during Dur- date. date. to to that that prior prior years years two two the the

city. the the

around around

traffic traffic

total the the that that

follows follows it it Therefore, Therefore, to compared compared as as percent percent 9.54 9.54 decreased decreased

of of highway rerouting rerouting the the

by by

others others

freeway. the the of of

opening opening the the after after bypass freeway freeway the the of of completion completion the the

than

to to degree degree

larger larger

a a influenced influenced been been

period

study study

the the

during during occurs occurs all all after years years two two the the during during sales sales

gross gross

have

may may of of city city

sectors sectors the the

specific specific

readjustment

of of This This

period period necessary. necessary. that revealed revealed Tulare Tulare in in stations stations

service service

within

places places

and and drinking drinking of of

eating eating is

readjustment readjustment

of of

period period a a However, However, all of of sales sales total total the the of of tabulation tabulation

A A

receipts business business determine determine whether whether to to stream. income income its its retain retain would would nity nity

54a4ions

Service Service

has has made been been tabulation tabulation A A separate separate commu- the the totals totals over -all -all the the in in and and

places.

drinking drinking and and eating eating

effect, take take would would

sales sales gross gross of of tion tion livelihood. their their for for

tronage tronage

for for loss loss the the responsible responsible

marily marily

loca-

of of shift shift the the

immediate immediate an an open, open, pa- local local upon upon entirely entirely depend depend

that that

pri-

were were

in in area area ness ness this this conditions conditions

was

freeway freeway the the

time time the the at at tions tions businesses the the group, group, other" other" "all "all the the

busi- factors factors that that influencing influencing other other

opera- to to start start

and and location, location, suitable suitable are community community the the businesses businesses in in

tail tail

is is it it

apparent therefore, therefore, was was

son son made; made;

most

ascertain ascertain the the

to to able able were were sion sion re- the the of of percent percent -five -five Sixty total. total.

the the

compari-

the the this this change change time time during during

this this

deci- making making

businesses businesses those those If If of percent percent 18 18 for for account account places places

ing ing

a a

highway major major

subjected subjected to to

county county

patronage. potential potential drink- est est and and eating eating the the and and community, community,

was was the only only in in the the

city city city. city.

Tulare Tulare

great- the the guarantee guarantee `would `would the that that tions tions in in outlets outlets retail retail of of number number

tal tal

the

of of

the the

from from central central portion portion traf~iic traf~iic

loca- strategic strategic at at locate locate to to to- attempt attempt to to the the of of percent percent 13.5 13.5 represent represent tions tions

highway

through through of of result result removing removing

highway, the the from from derived derived is is sta- business business service service 43. 43. The The page page on on chart chart

direct was was the the not not

in in places places Tulare Tulare ing ing

of of their the the bulls bulls and and policy policy the in in their their if if illustrated illustrated are are opened, opened, freeway freeway

drinlc-

eating eating sales sales and and gross gross among among of of

and to to location, location, relationship relationship in in the after after policies policies and and before before County County Tulare Tulare

loss indicates indicates that that This This comparison comparison

merchandising their their reappraise reappraise with should should compared compared as as Tulare, Tulare, in in businesses businesses

12.07 12.07 dross dross in in creased creased sales.

percent percent

they that that natural natural only only is is it it tions, tions, retail the the of of losses losses and and gains gains The The

de- the the county county places places ing ing throughout throughout sta-

of of service service case case t11e t11e in in «ever, «ever, Ho

separately.

drink- eating eating the the and and the the period period same same

facility.

new new the the to to structures structures change change tabulated been been have have places, places,

drinlcin~ drinlcin~

percent. percent. lare lare During decreased decreased 12.01 12.01

inter-

the the of of vicinity vicinity the the in in establish establish and eating eating and and stations, stations,

service service

of of

sales sales

Tu- class class in in this this of of among among businesses businesses

re- to to to to attempt attempt than than locations locations in~ in~ gross motorists, motorists, highway highway of of

patronage patronage

gross gross receipts freeway freeway bypass, bypass, the the of of

exist-

in in their their operations operations continue continue to to the from from benefit benefit to to likely likely most most

nity nity

the the two two years years completion

following following

advantageous more more it it find find will will nesses nesses commu- the the in in businesses businesses those those

upon upon

the vas vas same. same. virtually virtually During During the the

busi-

general general that that extent extent an an such such to to a a effect direct direct had had has has Tulare Tulare

of of

ter ter

county, county, business business activity reveals reveals that that

facility the the to to new new adjacent adjacent land land the the cen- the the from from traffic traffic highway highway

through through

the class class retail retail of of outlets outlets throughout throughout

use use the the restricts restricts it it that that is is access access of of of removal removal the the if if ascertain ascertain

To To

with with same as as in in the the Tulare, Tulare, compared compared control its its with with

construction construction freeway freeway

County. Tulare Tulare

of of drinking drinking eating eating sales sales places all all and and

advantages advantages greatest greatest the the

of of

One One

outlets outlets

retail retail all all with with made made was was

A A of of

gross highway highway traffic. traffic. review review the the

facility. new new the the to to

comparison

a a

time, time, of of period period given given

by by

same same loss loss degree degree the the to to

aged aged the the

adjacent locations locations new new seek seek to to public, public,

during during

expected expected normally normally trend trend

could could be be the the token token

by by

same same dam-

and and

the the from from traveling income income its its of of tion tion the

Tulare Tulare

follow follow

business business in in retail retail

hijhway hijhway of of

the the motorists, presence presence

have have por- a a might might business business which which any any

of gains gains

losses losses

the the or or whether whether mine mine

to to likely likely

from

they they most most

are are benefit benefit

by then then and and public, public, traveling traveling the the to to 1953. 1953. deter-

To To

December, December, in in bypass bypass

the the in in

of of because community community business business

catering by by business business all all first first tendency tendency

freeway

Tulare Tulare

the the

of of completion completion the the

all all of of

remainder remainder other other types from from the the

a be be would would there there manner manner conventional conventional

after and and years years

before before

two two the the of of son son

have have

been been liquor, liquor,

~~ine ~~ine segregated or or

a in in was was flow flow made made trafric trafric of of vision vision

compari- has has

a a been been

study study the the of of tion tion

drinks, drinks,

nonalcoholic nonalcoholic and

beer beer with with

re- any any if if example, example, for for revision; revision; tion tion

business business por- retail retail

this this

of of basis basis The The

in in

Tulare Tulare outlets outlets

selling selling food retail retail

transporta- any any in in occur occur that that changes changes

community. the the

to to

service service addition addition

the In In

stations, stations,

the the to to fundamental resort resort to to sary sary trend trend in economic economic the the of of indication indication

neces- is is it it highway highway traffic, traffic, through through and and Drinking Drinking Eating Eating Places reliable thoroughly thoroughly a a provides provides mation mation

to business business catering catering primarily primarily any any pleted. statistical statistical infor- This This areas. areas. suburban suburban

loss loss the the of has has gain gain readjustment readjustment and and com- considering considering been been the the In In until until and city city the the serving serving boundaries boundaries limit limit

picture picture made station station cannot cannot be be ice ice open. city outside outside located located businesses businesses those those

of of analysis analysis the the entire entire actual actual serv- The The it it been years years has has two two the the pass pass during during well well as as as Tulare, Tulare, of of City City the the in in nesses nesses has been found in previous economic used on total safes volume studies to have been extremely detri- RETAII 6USINESS 1'wo yeaws before and offer mental to this group of retail outlets. opening 1953~y-p~ss They are the businesses which usually COMPARISON reflect the greatest benefits directly (DQlcemberQ following the removal of highway congestion. Service Eating ~ All In Tulare the majority of retail outlets in the community are represented Stations Drinki~q Others iota! in the all other group. They have Places shown a gain of 8.0 percent in gross 1J sales during the two years following the freeway bypass as compared with 10 +a.o the two years prior to that date. The +s.ss same class of retail outlets elsewhere in the county increased only 2.51 percent during the same period of time. In view of other factors influencing the economic status of Tulare during b~. ~ Q ~ the four years covered by this study, -9.54 :::::.: ~ City of TULARE it is apparent that the removal of high- -~2.~~ =~2:~7 way traffic was not damaging to the 15 TULARE COUNTY majority of retail business in the community. Following the pattern of Illusfration of gross sales increase or decrease in Tulare as compared with Tulare County analysis of the traffic-catering busi- during the same period nesses, aseparate tabulation of gross sales within specific business sectors come was subjected to several adverse. the community. Although the retail in Tulare was developed to trace, if conditions.. businesses along this conventional possible, the business shift resulting to Business Sectors highway are outside the city limits, the majority of retail outlets in Tulare they are patronized by residents in the following In addition to comparing total retail the construction of the city and in the suburban areas. freeway bypass. business in the community with the county, the accompanying tabulation Every type of retail outlet in this 4oTal Business Gains has been made to trace the degree of sector has enjoyed substantial gains in The total gross sales in Tulare were influence upon retail business within mross sales since the freeway opened. 5.36 percent greater during the two specific areas attributable to the re- The smallest increase in gross business years after the freeway opened as routing of highway traffic away from receipts was made by the service sta- compared with the two years before. the center of the city. The basis for tions. These stations were-too far from A tabulation of total volume of retail comparison in these sectors has been the old highway route to have suf- sales in Tulare County for the same the same as throughout the commu- fered any loss because of traffic re- period shows an increase of 1.29 per- nity, that is, two years before and routing in the city. Traffic on the cent. This reveals that the City of Tu- after the completion of the freeway Lindsay highway in front of the re- lare enjoyed a 4.07 percent increase bypass. tail outlets in Area A increased 16.37 over and above that of the county, or As a further check on business con- percent from 19> 3 to 1955. With traf- over and above that required to attain ditions within specific ar;,as in the fic conditions favorable to service sta- equal status with the normal trend in city, a segregation has been made be- tion business, the assumption would be business conditions in this general tween those retail outlets most likely that business gains should have been as area. to be directly affected by the high- high as the increase in gross sales by way, and the businesses which do not other classes of retail outle~s. Appar- The damage caused to the general benefit from highway customers. ently local influence and not through business conditions in the community The map of Tulare and accompany- highway traffic is responsible for the by the losses among some businesses ing tabulation show the location of the difference in the volume of gross sales. which had previously catered to high- business sectors, and the gains or losses way traffic when it was AYea B routed of retail business in those specific through the city, was more than Inyo Street, extending west from off- areas. set by the gains made by the majority the old highway route in a perpen- of retail outlets after the freeway Area A dicular direction, is also the highway opened. It is noteworthy that these The Lindsay highway extending between Tulare and Corcoran. Mo- gains were made during a period when east from the freeway is the newest torists using Highway 99 when it was the general source of community in- and fastest-growing business area in ..Continued on page 65

cend Publoc Worl~s ~3 OBSERVATIONS ON HIGHWAYS iN NEW ZEALAND

We found the road signs in New the case may be, who are on the Zealand very adequate, much more Recently returned from an ex- school patrol, regard their position so than we had expected. The most tended visit in New Zealand where very seriously. They are given a stop familiar and interesting signs to us he studied driver licensing proced- sign on a pole similar to the school were the following: A speed restric- ure and traffic laws, Ross Dewdney, patrols in this country. We found, tion sign is a circular disc with a Driver Improvement Analyst of the however, that the orders of the school red circle around California Department of Motor Ve- patrol are much more vigorously en- hicles, has included in his report the outside and forced, and we learned that persons some interesting observations on } ` ~'~ ~ with black figures who violated the orders of the school f T. ~ye". ' highway signs and road markings on a central white used "Down Under," which may be patrol were really apt to get a rough bacl~ground. Of of interest to readers of California going over by the magistrate. these signs, 19 out Highways and Public Works. Fol- of 20 show the lowing are excerpts from Mr. Dewd- Crosswalks Well Marked figure 30. There ney's report.—Editor. As mentioned above, not every are a few cases sidewall~ extension is an authorized in which additional pedestrian crosswalk. The crosswall~s, ROSS DEWDNEY street restriction is In connection with parking, we dis- however, were well marked. The imposed, such as 15 miles per hour covered that they require much usual marking was a series of ver- or 10 miles per hour and a similar greater clearance from intersection tical bars, the bars being perhaps six sign is used there. The sign doesn't corners and from pedestrian cross- feet long and approximately two feet have any statement as to "miles per walks than they do from fire plugs. apart going across from one curb to hour" or "speed limit," just the Stop signs are much more infre- the other. We found these cross- figures. The motorist is supposed to quent than they are in California. walks very easy to see and found that know what it means. When you A great many streets which we pedestrians in these crosswalks were come to the end of the speed re- would mark as through highways usually treated with utmost courtesy. striction zone, instead of a sign with and protect with stop signs are not Woe to the pedestrian, however, who which you are familiar which would so protected over there. However, tries to cross anywhere else. The car say "End 30 Mile Zone," there is they do have a good many stop signs driver has the right of way and really only a circular disc about the same which are similar in shape to our knows it. With this exception, we size as the other but with a black own, not quite so large, colored. a discovered that New Zealand drivers diagonal bar on a white background. lemon yellow instead of red, with are, as a whole, much more courteous This is called the "De-restriction" black letters. and considerate of others than our sign. And wherever there is a speed California ones. We noticed that they All the large cities have a few restriction sign, somewhere further were especially careful and courteous signal lights, with similar light pat- along you will find the "De-restric- out on the open road when they terns to ours, but we had expected tion" sign. Strange to say, we found would come to a band of sheep or a good many more than we found. a good many De-restriction signs cattle. Such occurrences are very, which didn't seem to be in any way Caution Signs Frequent very many and very frequent, since associated with restriction livestock signs. Caution signs of various sorts are New Zealand is primarily a country, with emphasis on sheep and very frequently used and are quite Parking Limit Signs cattle. Even on the important adequate. Of course, to one familiar on Parking limit signs or no parking through highways a person would ~~ith California signs one is slightly signs have a lemon yellow background stop or slow down to a crawl amused at the wording used. What have to with black letters. "No parking"• has dozen times a day because of the we call curves are always "bends," a the letters "N P" on this sign; park- of livestock going one or and such signs as "sharp bends" or bands wav ing limit signs have a large P and other. "caution—deceptive bends," are quite the underneath, the number of minutes Directional Signs frequent. We also discovered that a permitted. slippery road was apt to be called Directional and mileage signs are We discovered that New Zealand "greasy." very frequent and well marked. E1s does not use the curb marking signs 1\Tew Zealand is very proud of its you came to a crossroad you would with which we are familiar, but school patrol system in which the see anything from one to eight or these no parking signs and parl~ing honor of being on the school patrol nine of these signs in both directions restriction signs are much larger and is determined on a merit system. We on the crosswalk, one sign for each more clearly marked than our own. discovered that the boys or girls, as of the major points to which the

44 California Highways road would lead. The signs are painted small cars had sufTicient room on published by the Automobile Asso- yellow with black letters and are each side of the tracks to fit between ciation show no distinction, prac- maintained by the Automobile Asso- the outside track and the bridge rail- tically speaking, between these metal ciation, and they do a very good job. ing. Persons with normal vehicles, roads and good tar sealed roads. The The signs usually contain the mileages however, had to drive with their Automobile Association puts out an which we found to be quite reliable.. right-hand wheels on the inner side instructive and interesting booklet, In one or two places we found that of the rails. Considering the fact that usually quite reliable, describing in instead of a series of single signs, all New Zealand railroads are nar- some detail each stretch of road that several places were listed on a single rower than standard gauge, this you will be traveling over and lists sign. This was especially true in brings vehicles in reasonably close the approximate speed which you can Christchurch and one or two other contact as they pass one another! We expect to make over that stretch of places.. have been wondering ever since what road. In the North Island, most of the happens when a train starts to cross For good roads, they use the many narrow bridges haae a sign at the bridge at one end and the 3/5 of figures "ATS" meaning, "average one end which reads, "Narrow Bridge, a mile at the other end is occupied by touring speed." We found that in please give way." At the other end of vehicles! most stretches metal roads were desig- the same bridge the sign would simply Road Conditions nated as "ATS" just the same as the read "Narrow Bridge." The idea is The travel folders usually grade the good sealed roads. Perhaps this is due that a person traveling in one direc- New Zealand roads in three different to the fact that the average New tion would give the right of way to types: (1) "sealed roads"; (2) "metal Zealander seems to drive just as fast the person traveling in the other. We roads"; (3) just plain roads. on the metal roads as he does on the learned that this was purely a matter The better roads are called sealed sealed road; perhaps he finds that of courtesy, that there was no law roads because the customary type of the faster he drives the more he requiring it. The signs were so dis- pavement used is a surface in which avoids the bumps! To us, however, tributed that signs on half of the gravel or other aggregates are tar some of these metal roads were rather narrow bridges would give the right sealed. This forms a very good sur- disappointing. There is much work of tivay in one direction and the other face and one of considerable endur- being done on these roads, many of half in the. other direction. In the ance. There are a few miles of con- them being gradually transformed to South Island, however, there were no crete pavement, some of bitumin, all sealed roads. In other words, it should such signs. Apparently in this and a of which are included in this general not be many years before New Zea- good many other respects, the usual category of sealed roads. By com- land will have an extensive network procedures and rules varied from one parison, I would say that most of of excellent roads. island to another. these sealed roads are fully as good as our better country roads and some Nor So Good Speaking of Bridges of our state highways. New Zealand During the construction process, Speaking of bridges, we found that. does have a few miles of four-lane however, we found some of the New Zealand has a great many old divided highways. These are called going rather unpleasant because it one-way bridges, becoming rather motor ways. Some 20 miles of good seems they expect you in most cases decrepit and dilapidated and about motor ways are found in a stretch to drive over the road during eon- ready to cave in. All of them were just north of Wellington on the struction time. In many cases the marked by signs limiting the size of coast route, not quite equivalent to base of the road seems to be rocks trucks which might pass over them. our freeways because of numerous about the size of your fist or larger. We discovered, however, that the intersections. Then there are two Needless to say, traveling over a two- country is replacing these by modern stretches of approximately seven miles mile stretch of such roadway was a bridges just as rapidly as they can. each, in the Auckland area, of good bit painful. We also discovered that Being a country with much rainfall freeway. This freeway is just being during these road construction proc- and many rivers and streams, of opened at the present time. esses there was a noticeable lack of course, the bridges are numerous and flagmen and other guides to direct they can't all be replaced at once. In Metal Roads the traveling public as to which way the South Island there are .many long The second classification of roads, to go and how to get there. At one bridges. Some of these have been re- called "metal road," is something stretch we came suddenly upon a tar placed by good structures, a few of a puzzle. The word "metal" seems sealing in process. We didn't want to have not. One of the most interesting to designate either large gravel or go through the stretch of gooey tar of the "have nots" cases a monstrosity crushed rock. The metal roads we and there were no guides to tell us said to be about 4/S of a mile in found are apt to be very dusty, rather what to do. We did remember,. how- length with rails fastened to the treacherous because of loose rock or ever, that a quarter of a mile down timbers of the bridge and extending gravel, and tend to be quite "wash- the road there had been a fellow lean- the entire length thereof. A person boardy." What puzzled us was that ing on his shovel whose duty was with an Austin or certain other very that road maps and even the guide perhaps to guide us but who had and Public Works 45 failed to do so. So we had to back up a quarter of a mile and then take a detour to the side. This lack of guides or flagmen was not universal and in same places we found them very courteous and very helpful. P~nother step toward getting high- IdaOioen-wriele Recognition The "just plain roads" include dirt way projects ready for contract more Funk's work in using and adaptin; roads and roads in which a few rocks rapidly under California's stepped-up photogrammetric techniques in the had been placed to fill up the holes highway construction effort has been production of highway plans in Dis- anc~ which scrapers had gone over announced by the State Division of trict V, which includes Monterey, San once in a while. Usually before you ~Iighways. $enito, San Luis Obispo and Santa get on to these you have some sort of description as to what you may encounter and actually we didn't find many of them too bad—or at least we expected what we came to. In general we decided that it was the hest policy not to get too far off the beaten tracl~s.

••~uiet~a Pia Highway• Qne of the most interesting experi- ments being carried on at present in 1'oTe~~ Zealand is on a 100-mile stretch of high~v~y between Wellington and a town with the unpronouncable name, "Packakarilci." Driving south one comes to a most interesting sign: "You Are nn the Guinea Pig Higl1- ~~ay." Then follows in rather rapid succession numerous signs, many ne~v and different, each aimed at securing public reaction and performance— studied to determine their effect on the driver. ~n addition, according to L. L. PUir9K RALPH LElOfS&1@JD published news releases, it is intended nn this road, "to righten and correlate control," and "to test new methods of State Highway Engineer G. T. Barbara Counties, has won nation- catching the errin; motorist." McCoy said that a new unit has been wide recognition for him and the At strategic points along this route set up to expand and improve the di- California Division of Highways. there are located radio equipped vision's state-wide photogrammetry Funk's position in the San Luis "trafFic stations" from which long program, which makes use of modern Obispo district will be filled by Ralph stretches in each direction are visible. aerial photographic techniques to re- Lejonhud, at present Planning Engi- These stations are in constant contact duce the need for time-consuming neer for District XI in San Diego. A with patrol cars. Microwave speed ground surve}~s in highway location graduate of the Universit}~ of Cali- detectors and polaroid cameras are and design. fornia at Berkeley, Lejonhud has been used tc~ detect violators. Under the general direction of with the division since 1941. One interesting signs says "yellow Principal High~~ay Engineer F. M. Pho6ogrcecwmeGry Important bars shoe spacing for 40 m.p:h.," Reynolds, the new unit will be and we see a series of horizontal bars headed bs~ L. L. Funk, who has been The division's new photogrammetry across the traffic lane to show how Assistant District Engineer—Planning unit, which Funk will head, will not far apart cars should be for 40 m.p.h. of District V in San Luis. Obispo for only be responsible for developing a use also noted use, in places, of the the past six years. Funk will be as- sta*e-wide photogrammetric program solid-broken line combination sa fa- sisted in his new assignment by R. ~I. but `will also carry on research to im- mi]iar in California. Fulton, Senior Highway Engineer. prove the quality and usefulness of photogrammetric processes and equip- Bnth Funlc and Fulton hay=e been Out of the 5,252 bridges on the ment as well as disseminate to all the State High~~ay System, only 16 are closely associated with the develop- districts the latest information in the posted for reduced loads and 63 for ment of the division's photogram- photogrammetric field. restricted speed. metry program. ...Continued on pale 48

46 Ca9~~z~er~a 6 9i~hway~s ORIGI~A< HIGHWAY CO MISSION I~AD PROBLEMS T00

By A. D. GRIFFIIel, ,4ssistar~t Dostrict Engineer, District VII

Bacic in 1911 and 1912 the first California I~tghway Commission, appointed by governor Hiram Johnson, was c~nfroi~ted with problems similar to those na~v faced by Governor Goodwin J. Knight's highway commissioners, but, of course, not of such magnitudinal proportions. At least at this late date it so seems to Newell D. Darlington, former member and later chairman of the original highway commission, who retired from state service on January 8, 192 3. On a recent visit to Los Angeles Director of Public Works Franlc B. Durkee, chairman of the present commission, paid a visit to Mr. Darlington and the two reminisced about olc~ times. Darlington and Charles I~. Blaney of Saratoga and Burton 1~. To`vne of Lodi, were appointed commissioners by Governor Johnson on August 8, 1911. Darlington said that the present state high`vay commissioners are faced with substantially the same kind of decisions to make that the original commissioners had, and that then, as no~v, many times they were forced Newell D. Darlingfan (left), member of original Highway Commission, and Director of Public Works to establish locations for new state Feank 6. purkee reminisce in Mr. Darlington's home high~~ays that made them "anything but popu~ar with the local people." Durkee told Darlington that he con- lars a highway system that the best the City of Easton, Pennsylvania, in sidered the original state highway enbineers of the Country have esti- 1895. He came to California shortly commissioners had done a wonderful mated will cost from 35 to 50 million thereafter. He first entered public job in laying foundations for the dollars." service in 1909 when he was ap- State High`vay System, and that the Quoting still further from this pointed by Mayor George Alexander achievements of today would not book, Mr. Blow said: "In justice to of the City of Los Angeles as a mem- have been possible had it not been the gentlemen named, it may be said ber of the City Public Utilities Com- for their capable leadership and ~vis- that the magnitude of the job did mission. Later he was appointed by dom in getting the system off to such not terrify them in the least. They ~'~layor Alexander as a commissioner a good start. `were all men of affairs. Each had on the City Board of Public Worlcs, made good in his own particular line from which position he resigned June. Firs4 Commission MeeS~ing of effort, and as a committee they 30, 1911, to accept appointment to The first meeting of the old High- took up, with Mr. Towne as chair- state service by Governor Johnson. ~vay Commission was held in Sacra- man under the statutory compensation mento on August 9, 1911, and Ben of $3,600 a year each, what was then Exchange of Reminiscences Blow in his baok ,California High- probably the biggest road building job It might be said in passing that ways," published in 1920, quotes of modern times." I3irector Durkee in point of service governor Jalinson as addressing his Darlington was born in January, is not to be classed as a newcomer new commission as follows: "Gentle- 1874, reared in Pennsylvania, and himself. He started his state service men, you face a tough job. You are graduated with degree in civil engi- in November, 1923, when he became expected to build for 18 million dol- neering from Lafayette College in editor of Caiif ornia Highways and arsd Public Works 47

Highways California California 48 48

-55. 1954 9,444 9,444 during during to to transactions transactions directed directed the the home. his his proper proper from from station.

the the be right Division Division Highways Highways concluded of of then then becoming becoming will will lost. lost. of of tape tape construction construction The The the the part part of of tion tion

of of of Department Department Right Right from thus thus Way Way The The tape, tape, a a inspec- message message personal personal out out preventing preventing carry carry to to able able be be

a on on be be will will intercepted intercepted will he he automatically automatically constructed, constructed, is is Route Route 172) 172)

the the message accidentally accidentally misdirected, misdirected, Highway (State (State Freeway Freeway tion tion history. in in Pomona Pomona

be each each tape tape on on any any circuit. circuit. Should Should future the the when when highway highway of of and and construc- Dam, Dam, program program sion sion Narrows Narrows

automatic automatic interceptors reperforating reperforating Whittier the the the the near near expan- with with biggest biggest faced faced selves selves River River Gabriel Gabriel San San

have will will mento mento Communications Communications now now the them- of of find find bank bank engineers engineers west west who who way way the the along along sades sades

Sacra- addition, addition, In In between between circuits. circuits. high- to to pali- aid aid developed developed yet yet on on is is the the techniques techniques home home Darlington's Darlington's

cross cross make make for for cally cally transmissions tape tape promising most most are are two two lations lations the the expectations. mistic mistic

mento mento will will automati- administration administration calcu- engineering engineering compute compute to to opti- chines chines most most his his exceeded exceeded far far had had biles biles

Sacra- in in reperforators reperforators used. used. Typing Typing ma- of of the the electronic electronic and and use use metry metry automo- of of number number and and population population

is is as as circuit circuit presently and and north north south south to to photogram- McCoy, McCoy, in According According increase increase tremendous tremendous the the and and State State

a of of be be comprised comprised system system The The will will the of of growth growth rapid rapid the the that that portance. said said He He

days. im- old old the the ever ever greater greater assuming assuming are are in in metry metry responsibility responsibility had had of of operator. the the part part the the on on attention attention

he which which as as photogram- on on techniques techniques such such highways highways saving saving the the with with them them of the the minimum minimum speed speed of of and and mum mum

compared manpower- and and Congress, Congress, time- time- by by he he when when overwhelming overwhelming rnaxi- a a with with operates operates system system the the and and

now now considered somewhat being being legislation legislation of of building, building, now now is is State State the the entirely entirely is is eliminated, stations stations between between

a a as as result program program freeways construction construction way way modern modern the the of of complexity complexity tape. tape. the the on on Contention inserted inserted letters letters

California California high- accelerated accelerated the further further found found he he that that said said Darlington Darlington single of of the the by by transmission transmission lected lected

still a a of of strong strong possibility possibility the the and and se- Works. stations stations and and stopped stopped and and started started Public Public

engineers trained trained of of shortage shortage and wide wide Highways Highways California California are The The of of teletypes teletypes destinations. destinations. proper proper issues issues

nation- light light growing growing a a In In of of the the recent were were periodicals, periodicals, them them the to to route route current current automatically automatically of of

copies among among will desle, desle, and and equipment equipment points, points, the the his his On On

affairs. affairs. ferent ferent way way

. .. .. 46 46 page page from from Continued Continued

high- state state to to dif- current current messages messages several several contain contain may may in in interest interest keen keen

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

a maintains maintains tape that that so so and and tape tape the the times times continuous continuous one one the the of of abreast abreast

keeps be be from can can made made He He transmissions transmissions reader. reader. eral eral enthusiastic enthusiastic and and

January.

Sev- avid line. line. an an the the seize seize opportunity opportunity to to is is and and an an

library library

stocked stocked

well well

a a

last

retired retired

when when

Harding Harding

neer, neer,

the the for has by by operator operator watching watching tinuous tinuous Darlington Darlington

friends. friends.

old old

and and times times

Engi-

Highway Highway

State State

Assistant Assistant

ing, ing,

con- for for need need the the old eliminating eliminating of of quence, quence,

discussion discussion

their their

much much very very

O. O. Paul Paul of of Hard-

post post

the the

took took who who

se- any any in in predetermined predetermined enjoyed started started

Darlington Darlington

and and

Durkee Durkee

Telford, T. T. Edward Edward

succeed succeed to to

ning, ning,

are are automatically

Transmitters Transmitters

available. made made were were funds funds plan- of of charge charge in in engineer engineer district district

as as

soon soon

road road said said

Automatic Transmitters Transmitters complete complete or or

prove prove of position position the the

to to

was was elevated elevated who who

im- and and

advisement advisement matter matter under under the the take take

George George and and Langsner, Francisco, Francisco, San San

would commission commission

the the that that stated stated

but but funds funds rest. the the does does machine machine the the and and

IV,

from from District District transferred transferred

was was who who

*age *age shor the the of of

account account on on promise promise any any

teletype teletype transmitter, in in

tape tape the the

the the

District District Engineer, Assistant Assistant make to to lis, lis, position position a a left, left, not not in in was was commission commission

places form, form, a a tape tape in in prepares prepares message message

th;,

that that explained explained Darlington Darlington Chairman Chairman

Gil- R. R. Lyman Lyman are are Counties, Counties, Ventura Ventura

operator operator

merely

teletype teletype The The

minute. minute.

Biggs. and and

Nelson Nelson between between highway highway

and

Angeles, Angeles, Orange, Orange, Los Los

includes includes

60 60 per at at tape tape words words by by matically matically state

the the of of section section that that of of construction construction

which VII, VII, District District Highway Highway in in tions tions

early

begin begin to to commission commission the the urged urged and and auto- and and transmits transmits (TADS) (TADS) tem tem

their their

after after promo- Photographed Photographed

appeared

Commerce, Commerce, of of Chamber Chamber Chico Chico Dispatch Dispatch Sys- typewriter typewriter Automatic Automatic

the Dr. Dr. representieg representieg and and Copeland, Copeland, Durkee Durkee

a a known known Tele- is is as as system system new new The The

Mr. of of consisting consisting 11 11 delegation delegation A A a.m. a.m.

system. the the of of efliciency efliciency attests:

the greatly greatly as as increase increase well well as as 1919, lems lems 26, 26, February February on on minutes minutes sion sion

commis- from from prob- present present this this operating operating as as correct correct excerpt excerpt will will mission mission

Highway Highway Com- original original tact tact the the with with new new system the the teletype teletype anticipated anticipated

1919, 1919, Durkee Durkee con- had had as as early early As As on on May May is It It 21. 21. started started Installation Installation

Darlington. by by held held McCoy McCoy T. T. announced. George George neer neer

formerly

position position same same

the the

holds holds

State State Engi- Highway Highway division, division,

the the

by by

so so now he he Commission, Commission, Highway Highway

used

teletype teletype

system system

present present

the the place place

California the the of of is is chairman chairman also also kee kee

being being is is to to installed installed re- Highways Highways of of

Dur- H. H. retirement. retirement. Purcell's Purcell's Charles Charles

for for system system the the teletype teletype Division way way

of occasion occasion

the the

Works Works

upon upon

Public Public

-wide -wide state private private high- Anew Anew line line

of Director Director him him

appointed appointed Warren Warren

3, 3, Earl Installed August August 1951, 1951, and and Governor Governor on on Is Is

Works, Public Public of of Director Director Deputy Deputy

Teletype Teletype System

District District VII in in Job Job was was appointed and and later later department department

legal legal the of of staff staff joined joined he he the the the the Bar, Bar,

Highway New New on Engineers Engineers

Young Young

to admitted admitted being being Works. Works. After After Public Public ~n .~moriam GRIFFITH COMPANY WINS TOPPER FOR BEST 1955 ROGER T. BALLOCH DISTRICT VII CONTRACT Roger Thurston Balloch, 56, an employee of District X, died April 7, 1956, in the Oakland Veterans Ad- With Charles E. Waite, Deputy Construction Department of the Cali- ministration Hospital. He served. as State Highway Engineer, malting the fornia Division of Highways and a blueprinter from March 17, 1952, presentation Friday evening, May 18, staged this year at the Rodger Young until his death. 1956, the contracting firm of Griffith Auditorium in Los Angeles. The an- He was a veteran of World War Company, Los Angeles, was the re- nual affairs, this being the fifth of its II in which he served as a captain cipient of the "Topper" trophy for kind, are primarily held for the pur- An active in Army - Intelligence. having completed the No. 1 state high- pose of honoring contractors and resi- member in the Masonic Lodge, Mr. contract in District VII during dent engineers who completed the 10 Balloch was president of the So- way journers in Stockton. He was a 1955. Joe Porcher, representing the best state highway contracts in Dis- member of the Maj. Gen. Henry company, accepted the award from trict VII, comprising Ventura, Los Knox Blue Lodge of Masons in Bos- Waite. The winning contract was a Angeles, and Orange Counties, during ton, the only military Blue Lodge; section of the Golden State Freeway the preceding calendar year. a member of the Stockton Body of between Sepulveda Boulevard and the The winners for 1955, announced at Scottish Rite Masons, the Ben Ali north city limits of Los Angeles which the Bonneroo, were: Temple of Shriners, the Sons of the replaces the most southerly three-mile American Revolution, the Military No. 1—Golden State Freeway, Los An- section of the Ridge Route just north geles Co.—Sepulveda Blvd. to north city Order of the World War, past com- of the to~~n of San Fernando. limits of Los Angeles—Griffith Co., Con- mander of the Disabled American tractors; R. H. Butler, Resident L,ngineer. Veterans, and the Society of the No. 2—Highway 101, Ventura Co.—Cen- Cincinnati. Membership in the latter tral Avenue to Santa Clara River near El organization requires that an an~ Rio —Frederickson-Watson, Contractors; cestor must have served either with B. A. Gentry, Resident Engineer. George Washington or Lafayette. No. 3—Santa Ana Freeway, Orange Co.— Masonic funeral services were Browning Avenue to First Street near Tustin—Winston Bros., Contrzctors; J. L. held in Stockton April 11, 1956. Needham, Resident Engineer. Burial was in New Bedford, Mass. No. 4—Highway 101, Ventura Co.—Punta Gorda to Santa Barbara County line— McCammon-Wunderlich, Contractors; G. E. Dickey, Resident Engineer. No. S—Ventura Road, Ventura Co.—Lord Creek to Town of F'illmore—R R. Hensler, Contractor—Hugh Whitnall, Resident En- gineer. C~lf~~f/_1~i~~l;iTl~l=~717~:7 No. 6—Artesia Avenue, Los Angeles Co.— Engineer, E. T. Telford, Assistant State Highway Normandie Avenue to 1~~ain Street— Williarrr Bruce Piper, Resident En- DisfrictVll, making presentation of "Topper" trophy Sheets gineer with the Bridge Department to Robert H. Butler, State Resident Engineer Construction Co., Contractor; L. W. Sixt, of the Division of Highways, died Resident engineer. No. in Santa Ana on April 11, 1956. 7—Foothill Freeway, Los Angeles A similar trophy was presented by Co.—Hampton Road to Montana Street, Prescott, Bruce was born in Ari- Edward T. Telford, Assistant State connecting La Canada to Pasadena across zona, on August 5, 1888. After Highway Engineer, to Robert H. Devil's Gate Dam—Peterson & Baker and graduating #rom Stanford Univer- Dragline Rentals Co., Contractors; C. J. sity he obtained his early expe- Sutler, who was state resident engi- Verner, Resident Engineer. rience in highway building with the neer in charge of construction on the No. 8—Hawthorne Blvd., Los ?~ngeles Highway Department of the State project. Butler recently resigned from Co.—Pacific Coast Highway to 174th Street— of Arizona. He ioined the Division state service to join the contracting M. S. Mecham and Sons, Contractors; L. of Highways of the State of Cali- firm of Weardco Construction Co. of W. Sixt, Resident Engineer. fornia in 1928. 1~~Iontebello. Milton Harris, State Con- No. 9—Hueneme Road, Ventura Co.— His work with the Bridge De.part- presented certifi- Wood Road to Laguna Road—Frederickson- struction Engineer, Watson Construction Co., ment was as resident engineer on Contractors; cates of merit to Hal McGregor and W. K. Loban, Resident Engineer. major bridge structures throughout Bill 1VIcCray, the superintendents on No. 10—Palos Verdes Dr., Los Angeles the State. the job for the Griffith Company and Co.—City limits of Palos Verdes to Nar- wherever Bruce made friends he to state engineers who participated in cissa Drive—Tomei Construction Co., Con- went, and will be remembered for the construction. tractor; F. N. Owens, Resident engineer. his kindness, his pleasant manner and his willingness to be of assist- Scene of the award presentation vas The contracts are rated primarily ance to all with whom he associated. the Fifth Annual "Bonneroo," a stag on the basis of workmanship and ex- banquet sponsored by the District VII ...Continued on page 52 and Public Works 49

Highways California California ~~~

shows shows unit unit The The quarter quarter this this an an for for price price still tabulation) tabulation) in- companying companying accompan~~- the the nn nn sho~~n sho~~n as as project project

based based ac- (see (see is is Index Index California California the the bidders bidders new new to to proach proach per Carquinez Carquinez the the average average the the Bridge. by by evidenced evidenced

upon upon items items eight eight the the for for which 1956 1956 contractors contractors ap- south south is cules cules on on Crockett, Crockett, among among and and the the Competition Competition

the the quarter quarter first first of bid bid prices prices

during during 40 40 US US on on Her- construction construction between between lation.

average average

table table

showing showing unit The The freeway unit unit low low and and ties ties for for price" price" tabu- accompanying accompanying the the on on is is shown shown

large large 1955. for for average average to to quanti- attributed attributed extremely extremely 1940 since since prepared prepared Index Index Cost Cost tion tion

slightly slightly is is 1954, 1954, the quarter quarter above above previous previous the the drop drop In In the the for for average average was Construc- Highway Highway California California The The

37 37 below below while while to to per per cents cents the tractors tractors from from percent percent 40 40 8 8 contract, contract, cents.

year. this this

of of number number The The excavation excavation Roadway Roadway about rose rose three. three. average average contracts." tracts."

of quarter quarter second second the the in in observed observed he he

a a items items in in crease crease decrease decrease and and of of Size Size five five in of of

Con-

and and

"Number "Number table table

ing ing

rise rise further further a a will renegotiation, renegotiation, for for

up fields fields various various coming coming in in contracts contracts

labor

that, that, many many with with believed believed is is it it

30 JUNE JUNE TO TO 1 1

(JULY (JULY

quarter quarter and this this in in again again substantiated substantiated YEARS FISCAL FISCAL

opinion opinion This This is costs. costs. labor labor creased creased

m m

m m rn rn m m m m m m m m m m m m Q, Q, m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m

from from ~n ~n ~n a a u~ u~ v v in- ~n ~n ~r ~r v v a a c c ~n ~n resulting resulting a a ~n ~n ~n ~n c c ~n ~n direction direction v v v v ~n ~n

upward upward

f~ f~ — — O O ~ ~ In In pf 4D 4D 0~ 0~ O O 1~ 1~ Q Q M M N N

fD fD

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'N 'N

too

too too

to to reverse reverse an would would costs costs struction struction

con- that that believed believed vas vas iio it it time, time, that that At At iio

temporary. was was the the Index Index in in sag sag the the

Zo i i - — ~~

~Zo

that year year last last opinion opinion our our was was It It

t- 130

130

struction. U.S. U.S. Index Cosf Cosf Construction Construction E.N.R. E.N.R. ~~~

-1— —+- -- -1 ~ ~ 140 con- highway highway normal normal in in found found those those X40

price price in in to comparable comparable not not are are that that

150

i the the of of design design in in included included bridge steels steels

160 160

of of quantities quantities large large special tremely tremely ~ i

the the X70 ex- on on based based were were Index Index

mal mal i~o i

i the the from from nor- contracts contracts Bridge Bridge quinez quinez

iao ieo

~ i excluding excluding for for Reasons Reasons Car- percent. percent.

190 190

190 d d by by figure figure Index Index present present 4.2 the the ceeds ceeds

r ~

it it and and contracts contracts Bridge Bridge ex- Carquinez Carquinez ~,

2oa 2oa

V V 200

;' i Index Cost Cost Highway Highway Colifornin Colifornin

the without without ~ ~ normal normal Index Index the the

than than

z 2Io 2I0 2I0 z z

7 7 higher percent percent approximately approximately was was

2zo 2zo

z2o w w

228.8 of of Index Index resulting resulting The The Strait. Strait.

i Requirements)

across across bridge bridge Carquinez parallel parallel new new

z3a

230

Design Increased Increased (Adjusted (Adjusted for for

Mile Mile

Index Composite Composite B.P.R. B.P.R.

constructing constructing for for a contracts contracts three three

240 240

the for for quantities quantities and and prices prices bid bid clude clude

250

250 to to in- prepared prepared vas vas Index Index separate separate

i i

i 155, 155,

of of a quarter quarter fourth fourth the the At At

ZEa 260

1955. for for year year the the Index Index the the over over

zoo

19 19 7.7 7.7 an an shows shows 6 6 of of increase increase percent

zsa 2ao

quarter quarter first first for for of Index Index The The the the

z90 ~o 1955 1955 preceded preceded which which it. of of quarter quarter

percent percent fourth the the is is th<_n th<_n hiQller hiQller 3.2 3.2 30~ 300

the the for for 1956 1956 of of quarter quarter first first which

310 310

( 219.5 219.5 at at stands stands 100) — — 1940 1940 Index Index

1954. 1954. the the of of first first over over quarter quarter The

1955 1955 were were and and of of 10.1 10.1 up up percent .. •. •.

up up percent percent 16.0 16.0 first first the the over over quarter

COSTS ONSTRUCTION ONSTRUCTION C C

highway highway costs costs construction construction were state state

INDEX PRICE PRICE

first first the the of of ~ua~~c ~ua~~c quarter quarter 1956

'~ Engineer Engineer Office Office Assistant Assistant JOHN JOHN GALLAGHER, GALLAGHER, D. D.

and L~f~ice L~f~ice Engineer, Engineer, McCARTY, McCARTY, C. C. Fi. Fi.

Highway Highway Sfafe Sfafe Engineer, Assistant Assistant WILSON, WILSON, H. H. RICHARD RICHARD By By

1956 During During Quarter Quarter First First of of

U~ Prices Prices f-dighway f-dighway Construction Construction ~;~ ~;~ N7JS~loB~&t A6~D SIZE OF P780JECT5, TOTAL 6ED VAL93~5 A4~,1D 76~E CALIF~~6V161 HIGE~WAY CONSTRUCTION AVEEYAGE NUMBER OF BIDDERS COST I~~~eX Cost (January 7, 7956, to March 31, 1956) Year index $100,000 $250,000 $500,000 1940.______100.0 $50,000 fiver All Up to to to 125,0 Project Volume to to ~1,OQQ:000 Projects 1941------$b0,000 $300,000 $250,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 1942------157.5 1943 ___ 156.4 Road Projects 1944 - - -- =------177.8 No. of projects______40 6 12 6 6 ! 70 1945______179.5 Total value______$55&,686 ~S~3,240 $2,20b,314 $2,203,171 $4,412,001 $2,477,70 $11,195,282 Ave. No. bidders______4.5 5.0 5.8 7.7 S.0 b,0 5.1 1946------1797 i 947------203.3 Structure Projects No. of Projects______9 2 2 3 1 1 18 1948 _ 216.6 Total value* $195,382 $116,742 $286,279 $1,2a6,358 $910,694 $S,S59,233 $4,664,679 1949------190.7 Ave. No. bidders______5.3 8.5 4.5 7.7 4.0 a.0 6.1 176.7 1950 (1st Quarter 1950-160.6)____ Combination Projects 7 7 1951 (4th Quarter 1951-245.4)._ 210.8 No. of Protects------Total value*______------______$18,423,661 $1 ,173,661 1952 22A.5 5.4 6.4 Ave. No. bidder------1953------216.2 1954 (1st Quarter) ig9.4 Summary No. of projects______49 7 14 9 7 9 95 1954 (2d Quarter) ]89.0 Total value*_ $754,008 $449,982 $2,491,573 $3,504,527 $5,328,695 $2Y,510,544 X34,033,622 1954 (3d C~u~rter)---__----_-_-.----_-- 207,8 Ave. No. bidders_._____ 4.6 6,0 5.6 7.7 5.6 6.0 5.4 1954 (4th Quarter)______192.2 1955 (1st C~uarter) 18.3 '° Bid items only. 1955 (2d Quarter)._ 212.4 To4a1 Averaaa~e Bidc~~vs by d~on~.as 1955 (3d Q~;arter) ____------____ 208,6 (4th 1955 C~'uarter) 212.6 Average 1956 (1st Quarter)______219.5 January February March for first quarter

b.4 is one cent below that for the third 1356______5.9 5.1 5.1 quarter of 1955. Untreated rocac base 1955 8.5 5.8 G.7 6.9 increased from $2 to $2.Q8. This 4 percent increase probably reflects ad- AVERAGE C0~9TtR/ACT P~aICES ditional labor costs resulting from the settlement of the extended la~c~r dis- Asphalt PCC Bar Structural pute in rock plants in the southern Roadway Crusher Plant mix concrete pCC reinforced structures, steel, excavation, run base, surfacing, Pavement, pavement, steel., part of the State during the latter yd. Per lb. per cn. yd. per ton per ton per ton per cu, yd. per cu. per lb. part of 1955. Asphalt concrete pavement made a 62 percent jump from 1940______$0.22 $1.54 X2.19 $2.57 $7.68 $18.33 $0.040 $0.683 $4 to $6.50 per ton. This advance is 1941______0.26 2.31 2.64 3.18 7.b4 23.31 0.053 0.107 1942______0.35 2.$1 4.C~2 4.16 9.62 29.5 0.073 0.103 primarily due to the lo~v quantity of 1943______0.42 2.26 3.71 4.76 11.48 31.76 O.Q59 0.680 this type pavement used during the 1944 0.50 2.45 a.10 4.60 10.46 31.99 0.054 0.132 1945__ 0.51 2.42 ~.BO 4.88 10.20 37.20 0.059 O.SOB period. 1946______, 0.41 2.45 g.~0 4.68 9.48 37.38 0.060 0.09 1947______0.46 2.42 4.32 5.38 12.3@ 45.4 O.Q80 0.135 Bar reinforcing steel and structural 1948______0.55 2.43 4.30 5.38 13.04 49.86 0.092 0.126 steel rose from $0.099 to $0.105 and 1349______0.49 2.67 4.67 4.64 12.28 48.67 0.096 0.117 1350______0.40 2.25 4.26 3.75 11.11 43.45 0.079 0.094 from $0.144 to $0.166 per pound re- 1951______0.49 2.62 X4.34 5.00 12.21 47.22 0.102 0.158 spectivel~>. Of the eight items used for lab2______0.56 2.99 5.60 4.38 13.42 4~.Q~ O.O~S 0.150 1953 0.51 2,14* 5.31 4.58 12.74 50.59 0.093 0.133 Index purposes, structural steel prices 1st Quarter 3354__ 0.4'5 2.28 4.23 4.7@ 14.59 47.52 0.092 0.126 had the greatest effect in upward 2nd Quarter 1354__ 0.38 2.09 4.29 5.18 14.28 47.12 0.033 0.114 t11e 3rd Quarter 1964__ 0.4.3 1.~5 4.65 7.00 12.63 49.69 0.635 0.162 trend. This is undoubtedly due to the 4th Quarter 1354__ 0.35 1.78 4.83 __ 13.13 46.08 0.094 0.135 1st Quarter 1955__ 0.39 1.69 4.55 __ 13.44 40.66 0.095 0.140 increasinbl~> short supply and delayed 2nd Quarter 1965__ 0.42 1.99 5.39 14.46 51.36 0.098 0.136 deliveries of steel, reflecting the heavy 3rd Quarter iS55__ 0.41 2.33 b.&3 5.70 13.46 49.64 0.093 0.132 4th Quarter iSSb__ 0.37 2.00 5.52 4.00 1b.05 52.72 0.099 0.144 demand for repair of fla~d damage in 1st Quarter 156__ 0.40 2.0$ 5.40 6.50 14.06 52.51 0.105 0.166 the northeastern states. Plant mixed surfacing dropped Untrentcd rock base substituted for crusUee run base at tLis point. from $5.52 to $5.40 per ton and it is now below the price for the third The accompanying graph showing pares the three, all of which are re- quarter of 1955. Portland cement con- the California Highway Construction duced to 1940- 100 base. Crete pavement dropped $1 to a price Cost Index, the Engineering News- The Engineering Neays-Record In- of $14.05 per cubic yard. Structural Reco~d Construction Cost Index and dex shows a steady rise since 1949. concrete decreased slightly from the United State Bureau of Public Slight leveling offs have occurred X652.72 t~ $52.51 per cubic yard. Roads Composite Mile Index com- since, but at no time has a downward

and Public Works 51 co~xrse been evident. During the first FIRST HIGHWAY TUNNEL GRIFFITH COMPANY quarter, this Index rose 0.9 percent Continued from page 13 ... Continued from page 49 ... over the fourth quarter of 1955 to 280.8 Index points. No doubt the legend refers to the cellence on the various major items of The Bureau of Public Roads Com- Mission Dolores house * *` *`. Until work and smoothness of the finished posite Mile Index has, in most in- further evidence is forthcoming it pavement. Job complexity, safety, and stances, approximated the pattern of may be assumed that the present house diligence of contract prosecution are California's Index. First quarter fig- or the basic part of it was erected also factors which are considered in ures for the bureau's Index are not about 1837." judging the 10 best projects. available at this time. Should past be- Don Francisco was the unwitting Attending the' affair were 700 con- havior be a criterion, it is reasonable leader of a punitive revolt against tractors, material suppliers, and state to assume that the Composite Mile the new American Government. The highway personnel. Among the guests Index will also continue in an upward fiasco, called the "Battle of Santa were C. M. Gillis, Deputy Director direction. During the fourth quarter Clara," resulted in the wounding of of Public Works, California; C. E. of 1955, this Index increased 1.3 per- two Americans and the death of one Waite, Deputy State Highway Engi- cent from 215.1 to 217.9, a rise of 2.8 of the Californian's horses. neer; R. H. Wilson, Assistant State points. The fourth quarter rise was Turning to other pursuits, Don Highway Engineer, Sacramento; E. T. slightly less than California's per- 1.9 Francisco probably recognized the Telford, Assistant State Highway En- cent increase in the same period. possibility of asmooth-traveled way gineer, District VII; Milton Harris, to the pueblo of San Francisco. With State Construction Engineer, Sacra- ERNIE SMITH TROPHY an abundance of cheap .labor available, mento; L. R. Gillis, District Engineer, IS ESTABLISHED he undertook the construction of a Operations; George Langsner, District Commemorating the first civilian tunnel through Mussel Rocl~. Whether or not this is the way it happened, Engineer, Planning; W. F. Maxwell, flight across the Pacific, which origi- President, Associated General Con- nated in Oakland, by Major Ernie the fact remains that here is a man- tractors; S. R. Kennedy, Los Angeles Smith and Emory Bronte, a perpetual made tunnel, and old records show County Road Commissioner; A. trophy has been instituted by Trans that the beaches were used as a S. World Airlines for award to the 80th travel route. It is easy to imagine the Koch, Orange County Road Commis- Detachment of the Air Force ROTC don and his caballeros, probably ac- sioner; Dan Penkoff, Galion Iron at San Francisco State College. companied by their senoritas garbed Works. To be known as the "Smith-Bronte in colorful and picturesque costumes, Award," the trophy was presented by heading along the beach at low tide Major Ernie Smith, now a TWA sales to attend a fiesta in San Francisco. INCREASE IN NUMBER OP VEHICLES account executive, to the cadet with Francisco Sanchez was a son of Jose ENTERING CALIFORNIA the "greatest leadership potential Antonio Sanchez of Buriburi. He was in A total of 36,455 motor vehicles aviation," during presentation ceremo- born at San Jose about 1807; for a entered California during October of nies following full-scale parade ma- short time he was a San Francisco neuvers at the school's football stadium Presidio soldier and the remainder of this year, 12,624 more than entered on Tuesday, May 15th. He is Ed- his days were spent in the Bay area. during October, 1954. mund X. Loughran, 21, of 3763 20th Street, San Francisco. Highway Superintendent A. E. Cooper and Highway Foreman H. E. Grosser (in mouth of tunnel) pose for picture in Mussel Rock Smith and Emory Bronte, now a Honolulu businessman, made the his- toric flight on July 14, 1927, in a high-winged monoplane which crash- landed in a group of Kawae trees on the Island of Molkai when it ran out of gas.

During Fiscal Year 1954-55 the Di- vision of Highways spent approximately $280,000 for the installation and maintenance of signs on state highways.

Maintenance work, including paint- ing, washing and post straightening was performed on 117,000 state highway signs during the 1954-55 Fiscal Year.

52 California Highways MOBILE OFFICE TRAILERS DESIGNED BY STATE

By EARL E. SORENSON, Equipment Engineer

The acute housing shortage which developed during the early and middle forties was partially solved by the Equipment Department through supply house trailers to engineering personnel on isolated jobs. These trailers were furnished for housekeeping, with heating and cooking facilities, running water, bedroom and dining furniture, closets and storage areas. The shortage of field office space was provided for by purchasing un- equipped house trailers consisting of the basic trailer unit, provided with only heating facilities. Crude office furniture was improvised in the field. Some 200 of these office and house trailers were purchased. Concurrently with the easing, in the early fifties, of the shortage in living quarters the need for field offices increased, and was cared for by conver- sion of the house trailers to office use by the removal of all housekeeping facilities.

New Design Suggestions Serving the purpose, after a fashion, they were never too satisfactory. They were not sufficiently well constructed for the rough usage to which they were subjected on construction jobs, nor were they properly insulated against the wide range of climate in various parts of the State. Heating and cooling were both difficult owing to the restricted dimensions. They have supplied, and are still filling, a very urgent need. They also demonstrated the need for units specifically designed for the purpose. The Equipment Department therefore contacted the various using agencies to obtain data on their requirements, prior to the design and construction of a prototype. A state-wide request for design suggestions brought out~the following desirable features: A floor space of from 200 to 300 square feet, and division into two UPPER—Inferior view of drafting room. LOWER—Looking through file room into resident engineer's mice. separate rooms, permitting the resident engineer a private office, the maximum and Public Works ~~ ~,~

width legally allowed, a high ceiling for better air conditioning, complete insulation for heat and cold, air conditioning equipment, and office furniture to be provided by using standard desks, drafting tables, map racks, lockers and storage facilities. In other words, they were to provide facilities as nearly like that of a standard office as possible.

Shops Build Serviceable Unit It was not practical to incorporate sanitary facilities, this because of limited. space and the difficulty of maintaining them in satisfactory operating condition. It was also found that ofrices were usually parked where these facilities were already available or could be installed separately by the contractor as part of the construction job. general require- With the above UPPER—Left-hand exterior entrance to trailer. LOWER—Resident engineer's once. ments in mind, the Equipment De- partment designed a unit approximately 34 feet in length, with a ceil- of tividth which, although seemingly The outside covering is of body ing height. approaching eight feet, and small, is very important in a unit of sheet steel, the inside finish Masonite, of maximum allowable width. this kind. with trim of chrome. The floor, walls Incidentally, the recently enacted The trailer is constructed almost and ceiling are all insulated with a statutes, which exclude the clearance entirely of steel, using two-inch full two inches of spun glass. lights, door handles, etc., from the square, high tension steel, tubular Heavy duty electric wiring is in- eight-foot maximum allowable width, members for the floor and ceiling corporated which will handle a maxi- will permit an additional four inches joists,. and also for wall studding. mum load.

~~ California Highways Interior Fixtures Director Durkee Fluorescent fixtures are provided L. R. McNeely over all desks and drafting tables, with Adds Analyst numerous electrical outlets for the various appliances used in a modern On February 17, 1956, a retirement To His Staff party was held for L. R. McNeely, office. Frank B. Durkee, Director of Pub- better known as "Doc," in San Ber- A forced-draft heater is installed in lic Works, has announced the addi- nardino. Farewell gifts included a one end and connected to a plenum tion to his staff of John H. Stanford wrist watch and a matched set of lug- running the entire length of the of Sacramento, Supervising Adminis- gage. He retired from the State Divi- trailer, with numerous adjustable out- trative Analyst. Stanford will make sion of Highways on February 29, lets for controlling the circulation. studies and provide consulting serv- 1956, after completing 35 years of Liquid petroleum is provided for ices for the director and the divisions continuous service. heating fuel. of the department on organization Provisions are made at the other end At the time of his retirement,"Doc" and management problems. Recent of the plenum for the installation of a was Assistant District Engineer—Op- administrative surveys of the depart- compressor-type cooling unit. Valves erations for District VIII. He had held ment initiated by the Senate Commit- or dampers are provided to regulate this position since January, 1951. tee on Public. Works and the Joint Legislative Budget Committee recom- and control the flow of hot or cold McNeely commenced work in Dis- air, whichever is desired. mended the establishment of this kind trict VII in 1920, his first job being of position. The appointment became Permanently installed jacks and that of chainman with a survey party. effective on May 21st, and was made blocking pads are provided at the cor- During this period of time "Doc" cov- from a civil service list following a ners of the trailer body to facilitate ered the territory which now consists nation-wide examination. leveling and blocking when parl~ed. of Districts VII, VIII, and XI. At one Based on past experience with mass- Stanford is a graduate of the Uni- time during this period, only one sur- versity of California, receiving his produced trailers, sturdy and well- vey party was employed. designed units of this kind should master degree in public administra- have a useful life of an estimated 20 He was graduated from the Uni- tion from Syracuse University. Dur- ing the war he Air years, with only nominal costs for versity of Missouri in 1912 with a served in the U. S. maintenance. B.S. degree in agriculture. From Feb- Force in various grades from private to captain. For the past 10 years, Stan- While the initial cost of the unit ruary, 1913, to June, 1915, he was is ford has been employed by the State high, it will be offset by antici- employed at the agricultural experi- the of California. For three years he was pated long life. Its ment station of the New Mexico Agri- use in lieu of tem- administrative officer of the Bepart- porary cultural College, Las Cruces, New buildings, now quite comment of Insurance in San Francisco. monly provided Mexico, performing irrigation tests of as a contract item, For seven years he worked in posi- should result in a considerable saving alfalfa crops. He subsequently worked as a rodman and chainman with the tions of increasing responsibility in over a long period of time. the management analysis section of The pilot model has been completed Los Angeles County Flood Control and Southern California Edison Com- the Department of Finance. He is the and is no`v on a state-wide tour, visit- President pany until 1920. of the Sacramento Chapter ing all districts, where it will be on of the American Society for Public display for those interested. The tour McNeely has encountered all types Administration. is being supervised by Construction of highway construction, and at the Department personnel who will, in time of his promotion to Senior High- By June 30, 1955, contracts cover- this manner, not only acquaint the dis- way Engineer in 1945 he was made ing atotal of 6,785 center-line miles of tricts with the new unit but also ob- District VIII Maintenance Engineer. state highway construction had been tain their reaction and, no doubt, In 1947 he was promoted to Super- placed under way during the eight valuable suggestions. vising Highway Engineer in the dis- years following passage of the Collier- trict and placed in charge of adminis- Burns Highway Act in 1947. DRIVES LAST RIVEY tration and maintenance. "Doc" has At 2.30 p.m. on May 10, Jim Aus- been a registered civil engineer since The sum of $1,675,158 was ex- tin, steelworker for Peter Kiewit 1931. pended by the Division of Highways Sons' Co., and Judson Pacific- for Murphy McNeely saw service in the Amer- snow removal and sanding icy Corp., contractors for steel construc- ican Expeditionary Force in France pavement during the Fiscal Year tion on the Richmond-San Rafael 1954-55. from March, 1918, to May, 1919. Bridge, had the honor of driving the last rivet on the huge span. Austin lost "Doc" plans to maintain his home Fire hazard and noxious weed con- a leg during construction of the in Southern California, but has not trol on state highways cost $419,000, bridge. The same crew that drove the formulated any definite plans as to and $1,167,470 was expended for first rivet on the structure was on how he will spend his well-earned re- erosion control and care of trees dur- hand for the driving of the last one. tirement time. ing the Fiscal Year 1954-55.

~rnd Public Works 55

56 56 Highways California California

WORKS WILLIAM WILLIAM FUJITA K. K. JOHN JOHN motion

of of Sales Sales Pro- Charge Charge you you Thank Thank again. Yours Yours truly,

Vice Vice President President in

roadways, roadways, freeways, freeways, etc. to to me.

A. A. PORTERFIELD W. W.

times times settled settled new discussions discussions magazine as as to to the the your your kindness kindness in in sending sending

yours, Very Very

truly truly

informative informative has has many magazine. magazine. much much for It It you you very very May May I I thank thank

such such a a attractive attractive publication. fine, fine, you you for for a a interesting interesting thank thank and very very of of department. future future plans plans your your

are are producing to to be be congratulated congratulated on on I I to to take take this this opportunity opportunity wish wish to read read about about very very the interesting interesting to to it's it's

more more staff You You and and your your interesting. interesting. trucks trucks them them quite quite a a our our

bit, use use since since

Works

the the magazine magazine and and that that even makes makes this this State. State. of of ways ways

and and And freeways freeways

Public Highzaays Highzaays and and California California

Department the the California California Highway Highway improving improving you you the the are are doing_ doing_ in in high-

DIEGO DIEGO

Z Z

SAN SAN of of officials officials friends friends of many many the the good good I'm I'm still still interested interested in in the the tivork very very

I I count count among among Fortunately, Fortunately, my DIRECTORY HIGHWAY HIGHWAY Highways Highways the the Division Division of of in in Fresno,

sales sales people people here. DEax DEax As As a a former former employee employee Six: Six: of

ofricials ofricials and number number of of our our a a among among

C. C.

ADAMS, ADAMS, Editor

K. K. Engineering Engineering Director

it circulate circulate magazine magazine

I I the the reading reading

CANNING C. C. WM. WM.

Gardena, Gardena, California

After articles. articles. interesting interesting mat mat and and

YOSHIMURA YOSHIMURA

NURSERY

Cordially Cordially yours,

for- excellent excellent has has such such illustrated illustrated and and

INTERESTED INTERESTED IN IN HIGHWAYS

is is organization organization so so well publication publication which which publication. tire tire fine fine on on this this this this

Congratulations Congratulations reading enjoying enjoying years years I I have have to to been been you you your your en- and and

of AnnMS: AnnMS: most most number number For For a a I I receive. DEax DEax informative informative Mx. Mx. documents documents

U. U. S. S. Army, Army, Retd. Colonel, Colonel, It It is is magazine. magazine. one one of of best best

and the the

ADAMS, ADAMS, K. K. C. C. EditoY Mx. Mx.

GEORGE GEORGE I I RUHLEN not not miss miss would would your want want to to

Canton Canton 5, 5, Ohio

Mx. Mx. K. K. C. C. ADAMS, ADAMS, Editor Sincerely Sincerely MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING THE THE CO. UNION UNION METAL METAL yours,

OH10 FROM FROM With With best best wishes, Philadelphia Philadelphia 2, 2, Pennsylvania

KEYSTONE KEYSTONE AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE CLUB

to to safe safe and and standard standard conditions.

THANK THANK

YOdJ

Home Veterans Veterans of of restoring restoring the the road road beds beds and and bridges

KISBER JOSEPH JOSEPH engineers engineers and and employees employees are are capable

Sincerely, age, age, our our highway highway engineers, engineers, bridge 1VIxs. 1VIxs. M. M. E. E. Ross

affair; affair;

no no

how how rxiatter rxiatter severe severe the the dam- Very Very truly, I I am am as as always, shut -ins. -ins.

is is one one left left us us consolation consolation in in this this sad

you you for for all all Again Again of of thanking thanking

able able places —some —some in in lands. foreign foreign

conveyed conveyed

by by

any any other other media. media. There

now. feel feel a a bit bit better better

live live in in the the east east less less desire- and and other other

flood flood

waters waters

caused caused than than could could be

I do do friend. friend. so. so. I I will will a a very very happy happy be be

to to less less fortunate fortunate friends friends who who must must still

derstanding derstanding

of of

the the damage damage that that the

please bottom bottom of of

my my from from the the heart, heart,

tear tear it it apart apart and and send send pages pages in in letters

The The illustrations illustrations

a a give give clearer clearer un-

I I tors tors ask ask you, a a boost, boost, and and nurses nurses Never Never a a copy copy comes comes I I that that do do not

to to give give beautiful beautiful doc- magazine magazine the the most most revealing revealing and and edifying. from from the the steering steering of of my my car. wheel wheel

So, So, if if your you you spare spare line line in in have have a a nia nia and and HighzLays HighzLays Public Public Works Works are interesting interesting from from a a chair chair as as I I wheel wheel did

so so good good care care us. of of us us and and are are kind kind to to in in lished lished the the January January issue issue of of Calif Calif or- California California Highways Highways magazine magazine just just as

me me I I was was sick, sick, but but tell tell take sure sure they they occurred occurred the the throughout throughout State State as as pub- wheel wheel chair. chair. I I wish wish to to say say I I find find the

ning ning to to get get a a bit bit strong strong again. again. They flood flood tating tating disasters disasters which which recently past past two two years years has has been been confined confined to to a

been been five five months. months. Just Just begin- down down depicting depicting the the tions tions terrible terrible and and devas- in in getting getting about about the the for for state, state, but but the

magazine. magazine. We We eat eat it it up up here. here. have I I the the district district engineers engineers and and the the illustra- lady lady who who has has always always been been very very active

I I am am so so pleased pleased to to get get your your highway DEAR DEAR Mx. Mx. AnnMS: AnnMS: The The reports reports of GENTLEMEN: GENTLEMEN: TYIe TYIe is is writer writer an an old

C. C. ADAMS, ADAMS, KENNETH KENNETH MR. MR. Editor C. C. ADAMS, ADAMS, KENNETH KENNETH EdZtOY Works

California California Highways Highways and and Public SAN SAN DIEGO DIEGO S, S, L L CALIFORNIA Yountville, Yountville, California

NICE NICE LETTER THAT THAT YFfEY YFfEY WILL WILL DO, DO, COLONEL A A VETERAN VETERAN WRITES GENEROUS OFFER. ENJOYABLE READING FROM LOS ANGELES SOUTHWESTERN PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY YUBA CITY COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES Los Angeles 14, California DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION ~ENTLEMFN: May we take this op- DESCANSO GARDENS TxoMns E. Rzcx, Right-of -Way portunity to thank you for your very La Canada, California Agent fine publication Highzvctys and Public K. C. ADAMS Editor Division of High~zvays, Distvict VIII Works. We read and enjoy thor- DEAx Mx. AnnMS: I for years have San Be~naydino, California oughly every issue. been going to write you to express my DEAR Mx: Rrcx: Mr. Halstead for- Each issue covers so completely any appreciation for your wonderful rnag- warded me your right-of-way map changes in our highways and we are azine. 426584, which shows crossing of cer- thus able to know new routes in ad- In my work in Los Angeles County tain lands near Victorville owned by vance, saving "wear and tear" men- I find Califoynicr High~zvrxys one of the this company, together with report tally in driving. We are also made most valuable magazines from an edu- from you as to the area needed and aware of the tremendous amounts of cational standpoint—to say nothing of offering a price for what seems to be a work involved to keep our highways the interesting facts which you pub- total of 4,85 acres. and our public buildings in good shape lish. Ihave afile of them that I am We are glad to comply with your in every way. referring to constantly. request for right-of-way contract and Thank you for the wonderful issues of your magazine. WILLIAM L. NEWMAN the. terms of your proposal number Director of Public Relations 7242 are satisfactory, except in the fol- Yours truly, lowing particulars: MRS. O. A. NICHOLS Paragraph 2, item A, suggests the sum WE THANK YOU of $1,204 in consideration of grant deed FROM SISTER STATE No. 7242, and lists the stipulations and MISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION Jefferson City, Missouri exceptions. Realizing the very great need OREGON STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT for this improvement, the benefit which Salem, Oregon DEnx SIRS: I wish to take this op- will accrue at Victorville and environs in Calif ornac~ Highways and Public portunity to express sincere apprecia- which so many of our employees live, and WoYks tion for the privilege of being in- through which our commerce now moves, GENTLEMEN: 1 would like t0 CX- cluded on your list to receive your we should like to amend the terms to pro- press my appreciation for your publi- splendid publication. vide that you pay the grantor the sum of cation and to assure you that I find it Those responsible for the makeup $1 for the property instead of $1,204. very valuable in my work. Since our of this publication deserve commenda- While the sum is nit large, it will states are so close together, our prob- tion for the inseructive and human in- indicate to you the encouragement of lems have much similarity, and I find terest items supplemented by excellent the project and our belief that it will your studies of maintenance problems photography. be of great value to our State and the very thorough and applicable to our Yours very truly, local community as well. problems. coRBE~ If agreeable to you and you will J• J• Respectfully, Engineer of Construction redraw the papers, we will be glad to F. W. FARRAR execute them and place them in your District Maintenance Supt. hands promptly. WE AGREE WITH YOU Very truly yours, WHAT'S COOKING? CHICAGO, ILLINOIS G. E. WARREN GENTLEMEN: President LA MESA, CALIFORNIA EDITOR ADAMS Thank you for your past issues of DEax Six: You can be sure that your magazine which I have found APPRECSATE MAGAZINE California Highways is appreciated very instructive and entertaining. DEAR Sirs: I can not tell you how and thoroughly read. It is passed I have had occasion to use your much we appreciate the California along to other engineers and finally "Freeways in Southern California" and Highways and Public Works maga- finds a resting place in the library of I can say that they are wonderful and zine. We have lived here in Pasadena a local junior high school. It gives the safe for all drivers who use them. since 1923 so you can realize the retired engineer an insight into what As a civil engineer engaged in con- changes we see in our highways, and is going on in highway development. struction work, it was a treat to see the magazine help us to know the Its reading relieves the feeling of being your highways, after reading about work the State is doing all around us. the lower half of a double boiler "all them in your magazine. Your highway Our freeways are wonderful down steamed up but not knowing what's organization is hard to beat, and I here. cooking." want to congratulate them on the Sincerely, Sincerely, wonderful work they are doing. MR. AND MRS. CHAS. HOWARD L. L. MiLLs CAPT. E. W.FALANDERS, C. E. and Public Works 57 Santa Ana Freeway Widening Carried ou Out Under Heavy Tragic Conditions By DON FRISCHER, Resident Engineer

UNDEA THE WATCHFUL Byes Of paSS- ing motorists, the ultimate construction of the Santa Ana Freeway on the 2.3-mile section between Camulos Street and Olympic. Boulevard in the East Los Angeles area was completed. The work on this contract, which started January 6th of this year, involved widening an existing six-lane freeway to eight lanes by replacing the existing 34-foot median strip with two 12-foot portland cement concrete pavement lanes, curbs and gutters, plant-mixed surfacing, and an almost continuous 6,600-foot metal plate. ward rail mounted both in a median retaining wall and on the ground. In addition, 53 catch basins were constructed and existing storm drains extended. To provide working space in this particularly cramped area, the existing pavement in both directions was restriped as three 11-foot lanes, and double stripes were placed three feet from the inside edges. Between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. the contractor was allowed to barricade the inside lanes in each direction for his On left, paving construction operations; on right, typical of conditions before construcfion own use. Despite the heavy traffic (80,000 structed cement treated subgrade. In supervision of frank B. Cressy, district vehicles per day) which flowed past this manner the contractor was able construction engineer, and Basil N. the construction operations within to work normal eight-hour shifts. To Frykland, field supervisor. inches of the workmen and equip- achieve early strength in the pavement, an excellent safety record was ment, calcium chloride was added in Stage Construction achieved by the contractor. Unfor- amounts up to 1 %Z percent by weight Some 15 years ago when the first tunately there were some minor col- of cement. Not only was the contrac- designs on the Santa Ana Freeway lisions, usually involving what the tor allowed sooner than usual use of were being prepared, limited funds newspapers referred to as "mechan- the newly placed traffic lanes by vir- for construction made it necessary ized sidewalk superintendents." None tue of early strength, but the addition that plans be prepared on the basis of of these accidents resulted directly of the calcium chloride served to pre- stage construction to take care of im- from the construction operations but vent the random cracks so frequently mediate traffic needs. Following this occurred because drivers got to found in new pavement. principle much of the first construc- watching construction activities in- Despite cramped working area and tion on the Santa Ana Freeway pro- stead of keeping their eyes on the heavy traffic the contract was com- vided pavement lanes less in number road. pleted well within the specified 90 than the contemplated ultimate future Several deviations from the usual working days. The cost of construc- requirement. The right of way, ho~v- construction procedures were allowed tion amounted to slightly over $500,- ever, was obtained sufficient in width by the contract special provisions, 000. Ray Mason was superintendent for the ultimate construction. Then particularly in paving. The paving for the Contractor Webb and White. through the agricultural areas of mixer was operated on the newly con- The contract was under the general Orange County the first designing and

58 California Highways original construction was carried out on the basis of providing an expressway or divided highway facility rather than building a full freeway. Thus, in Orange County we have had many signalized intersections at grade with cross traffic arterials where we did not erect the. bridges that would have been necessary to provide full freeway operation. By following these methods millions of dollars were saved, for the time being, at least, so that many more miles of divided highways and stage-construction freeways were constructed and put to traffic use that would otherwise not have been built. Population Growth The growth of population both in Los Angeles.. County and in Oran;e County has well been described as "explosive" in nature. This has had its reflection in increased volumes of traffic using the freeway facilities. Latest traffic counts on the Santa Ana This photo shows extent of widening operafions Freeway in the City of Los Angeles near Soto Street indicate that the aver- getting additional rights of tion contracts on the Long Beach age daily traffic is now 113,000 vehi- city of procedure is really good Freeway easterly of Olympic Bou1e- cles. The time has now come that way. This business because in this manner it is vard and plans for early construction divided-highway sections of the Santa possible. for the State initially to build on the Olympic Freeway and the Ana Freeway should be reconstructed longer mileage minimum-width free- holden State Freeway westerly of to full freeway status. Two such con- ways and divided highways to serve Camulos Street. This section of the struction contracts are now in prog- existing traffic rather than build Santa Ana Freeway between Camulos ress in Orange County to convert sec- shorter lengths of full freeways to Street and Olympic Boulevard will be tions of expressway to full freeway standards. in effect a connecting traffic arterial status from Santa ultimate Ana, through Ana- between these three other freeways, heim and Buena Park to the Orange- First Freeway Widening and eight-lane width is well justified. Los Angeles County line. These The widening of the Santa Ana contracts will be completed in 1957. Freeway between Camulos Street and When the trafFic needs so warrant, In Los Angeles County between Nor- Olympic Baulevard to provide eight other reconstruction contracts of a walk and Buena Park four bridge lanes is logically the first freeway lane similar nature will have to be carried structures at cross highways were widening to be undertaken in this dis- out from time to time on our free- completed September 27, 1955, that trict because of the current construc- ways. converted some four miles of expressway to full freeway status. S6LNER S'PRAND in 1935, North Island became the Just recently completed is this 2.3- largest Naval Air Station in the mile section in the East Los Angeles Continued from page 24 ... United States. Today, North Island area that provides for widening the permission to occupy part of the existing six-lane freeway to eight island; and with the development of is one of the Navy's prime operating lanes. Other contracts of this same the Navy and retrenchment of the centers. character will have to be carried out Army, it was finally decided to turn Strange it is that State Sign Route from time to time as the pressing traf- the entire island over to the Navy; 75, one of the shortest, if not the fic need develops for additional traffic and Rockwell Field closed its doors shortest, route in the State Highway lanes on freeways. There are many in 1938. System should serve such a potent miles of freeways in phis district where The Navy early established a small place in our network of fine roads. right of way has been obtained of facility on the island and began en- We feel certain that were the vener- sufficient width that necessary future larging its holdings. As the location able Cabrillo to return to this scene widening can be carried out, when the offered such a strategic position for of his first discovery, he would offer time comes, with a minimum interfer- repair and refitting of naval vessels, his abject apologies for dismissing the ence to traffic and without the neces- its importance grew in stature until sand-covered islands so lightly. and Public Works 59 State Hi~ hwa Y Contracts awarded

1956 tract awarded to Griffith Company, Los Angeles, of Salinas. Construct an acceleration lane with JAL~IU~►RY, $41,699. plant-mixed surfacing on untreated base. Contract Between Radtke and Son, Gilroy, Alameda County—Eastshoxe Freeway— Kern County—FAS 887—Between Columbus awarded to William graded Beard Road and Jackson Street. Construct Street and Main Canal, on Manor Street near $7,495.60. on roadbeds, pave with portland cement concrete Bakersfield. Construct a graded roadbed and sux- Monterey County—Sign Route 1—At Soledad plant-mixed cement treated sub-grade and with face with plant-mixed surfacing on a cement treated Drive, at the south city limit of Monterey. Grade, conslsuct 11 surfacing on cement treated base and base and construct a ieinfoxced concrete bxi$ge at place plant-mixed surfacing on untreated base and of bridges and one pumping plant, completion Panorama Drive Ovexcrossing, 0.4 mile. Contract construct portland cement concrete cuzbs and gut- which will provide a new four-lane divided freeway awarded to Eaxl Biown, Beverly Hills, $184,942. ters, completion of which will provide channeliza- together with frontage roads, ramps and connections Between Los An- tion. Contract awarded to Buttler and Fox Contrac- at: Hespexian Eoulevard Ovezcrossing (north); Los AvageLes County—IIS 101— Avenue. tors. Salinas, $3,709.50. Patterson Slough; Alameda Creek (frontage road; geles Hives and 0.2 mile west of Vineland Vineland Napa Couv~ty--Sign Route 29—Between four Alameda Creek; Alvarado Overcrossing; Whipple Construct an embankment, grade and pave pave. miles north of St. Helena and Calistoga, 3.8 miles. Overflow; Whipple Road LTndexcrossing; Alquire Avenue with asphalt concrete and grade and the Los An- Construct a graded roadbed, place plant-mixed sur- Road Overhead; Ward Creek; Tennyson Road a detour, and construct two bridges, facing on cement treated base, existing pavement Ovexcxossing; Route 105/69 Separation; Route 105/ geles River Bridge. and Vineland Avenue Undex- Contract and selected matezial and apply seal coats, part of 69 Separation Pumping Plant, 5.8 miles. Contract czossing, to provide for a future freeway. $910,694. which is on new alignment, for two lanes of ulti- awarded to Gordon H. Ball & Ball & Simpson, awarded to Oberg Const. Co., Inglewood, mate four-lane divided highway. Contract awarded Berkeley, $4,326,890.70. Los Angeles County—At the intersections of Verdugo Road with Acacia Avenue, Maple Street, to Huntington Bros., Napa, $481,849.40. Alameda County—State Route 105—Across San Colorado Street, Broadway, Wilson Avenue., Chevy Orange Coicnty—US 101 Alt.At the entrance Francisco Bay, between San Mateo and Hayward. Chase Drive, Lexington Drive, Monterey Road, and to Bl Moxxo Elementary School. Install flashing Repair portions of concrete spans of reinforced Glenoaks Boulevard and Canada Boulevard with beacon system. Contract awarded to Ed. Seymour, bridge. Contract awarded to Johnson Western Con- Colina Drive. Modify traffic signal systems and Long Beach, $2,795. structors, San Pedro, $444,555. highway lighting and construct channelization. Orange County—State Route 175—Between Pla- Contra Costa County—Sign Route 4—On Rail- Contract awarded to Fischbach and Moore, Inc., Los centia Avenue and Carbon Canyon Creek, on Oc- road Avenue at Oak Street. Construct drainage fa- Angeles, $36,835. angethoxpe Avenue. Surface with plant-mixed sur- cilities and place untreated base and plant-mixed Los Angeles County—San Diego Freeway—Be- facing and adjust manholes to grade, 1.8 miles. surfacing. Contract awarded to "L" & "Y" Const. tween Ohio Avenue and Waterford Street. Con- Contract awarded to Sully-Miller Contracting Co., Co., Oakland, $3,225.70. stxuct roadbeds, pave with portland cement con- Orange, $7,313,20. Contra Costa and Solaro Counties—At Maxtinez- crete pavement on cement treated subgrade, surface Orange County—Between Wright Street and Benicia Ferry Slips and Wharves. Construct a ferry m~ith plant-mixed surfacing on cement treated base, Euclid Avenue, on Garden Grove Boulevard. In- boat. Contract awarded to Pacific Coast Engineer- untreated base and concrete base and constmct seven stall semi-traffic actuated signal systems and high- ing Co., Alameda, $G 16,500. bridges, a pedestrian undercrossing, retaining walls way lighring and roadway improvements. Contract and a pedestrian undercxossing to be extended, El Dorado County—IIS 50— awarded to Ed. Seymour, Long Beach, $37,137.50. Placerville to 29 completion of which will provide. a new eight-lane miles easterly (emergency Remove Placer County—LTS 40—Between 1.6 miles easy contract).. slides divided freeway together with bridges, the Bonsall and restore of Newcastle and 0.1 mile east of Nevada Street. drainage. Contract awarded to Joe Avenue Undexcrossing, Bonsall Avenue Pedestrian Vicini, Placerville, $30,000. Construct graded roadbeds and ramps and two IIndercrossing, Pepper Avenue Undercrossing, Wil- concrete slab bridges and one welded steel bridge Humboldt County—US 101 north Boulevard —At end of shise Boulevard Undexcxossing, Sepulveda at IIallbom Road Lindercrossing, Auburn Ravine North Scotia Bridge (Emergency Contract). Repair LTndercrossing Wilshire Off-Ramp South, Sepulveda UndercYOSSing and Nevada Street. Overcrossing to embankment and placing xiprap. Confract awarded Boulevard LTndercrossing Wilshire On-Ramp South, provide for a future four-lane divided freeway. to Undercrossing Wilshire Off- Humboldt Constructors, Eureka, $15,000. Sepulveda Boulevard Contract awarded to Thomas Const. Co., Fresno, Ramp North, Sepulveda Boulevard LTndercxossing Humboldt County—LTS 101, LTS 299, and State $369,953.70. Wilshire On-Ramp North, San Vicente Boulevard Route 85—Reconstruct roadway embankments and Pedestrian Undercrossing (altered and retaining Placer County—LiS 40—At Crystal Springs Slip- bridge approaches (emergency contract). Contract walls, 1.1 miles. Contract awarded to Thompson out, 0.3 mile west of Baxtexs. Construct a bridge awarded to Arthur B. Siri, Inc., Santa Rosa, $11,- Coast. Co„ Inglewood, $2,465,402.50. (emergency contract. Contract awarded to Pacific 000. Bridge Co., Contractor, San PYancisco, $40,000. Mario County—Sign Route 1—Between 1.1 miles Humboldt County—Sign Route 36—At three and 4.4 miles north of Stinson Beach. Construct a Plumas County—Sign Route 89—Across Sulphur locations in the vicinity of mile 3.50 (emergency graded roadbed and surface with plant-mixed sur- Creek. Repaizing a bridge and approaches (emexg- contract). Reconstruct roadway. Contract awarded facing on untreated base. 0.3 mile. Contract ency contract. Contract awarded to R. E. Hertel, to Humboldt Coast. Inc., Eureka, $30,000. awarded to Brown-Ely Co., Contractors, Box 474, Sacramento, $20,000. Humboldt County—Sign Route 96—Across Txin- Corte Madera, $26,793. Riverside County—i]S 70-99—About three miles ity Rivez. Springs, Indian Avenue. Con- Construct a bridge (emergency contract. Mariposa County—Sign Route 140—Between 4.2 north of Palm at Contract awarded stxuct graded roadbeds and place plant-mixed suc- to Ben C. Geiwick, Inc., San miles and 0.1 mile west of Mariposa. Construct a Francisco, facing on imported base material and existing pave- $60,000. graded roadbed, place plant-mixed surfacing on un- ment and construct a welded plate girder bridge; Humboldt County—County Road—Across South treated base and existing surfacing. Contract completion of which will provide a new traffic in- Fork of Eel River at Maple Hill (emergency con- awarded to Baun Coast. Co., Inc., Fresno, $234,- terchange, 0.5 mile. Contract awarded to O. B. tract). Construct timber bridge. Contract awarded 702.30. Pierson, Inc.., Los Alamitos, $192,603.35. to W. S. Selvage, Eureka, $40,000. Mendocino anti Humboldt Counties—LTS 101— San Francesco County—Bayshore Freeway—Be- Humboldt County—County Road—Across South PieTCy to Ohman Creek. Reconstruct slipouts, tween Axmy Street and Seventeenth Street. Pave Fork Eel River to Redway (emergency contract. ~~ashouts and slides (emergency contzact~. Con- roadside areas with plant-mixed surfacing, con- Repairing bridge. Contract awarded to Judson tract awarded to Arthur B. Siri, Inc., Santa Rosa, struct a maintenance building and prepare and Pacific-Murphy Corp., Oakland, $50,000. $75,000. plant areas, 1.1 miles. Contract awarded to Stephen Inyo County—US 395—Between Birchim Can- Mendocino aTad Lahe Counties—Sign Route 20— L. Vistica &Son, San Mateo, $82,875.70. yon and Whiskey Canyon. Construct a graded road- Between 0.2 mile east of North Fork of Cold San Francisco County—Bayshore Freeway—Be- bed and place plant-mixed surfacing on untreated Creek and Laurel Dell, Construct a graded road- tween Alemany Boulevard and Army Street. Prepare base and apply seal coats, completion of which will bed, place imported subbase material and un- and plant roadside areas, 1.0 mile. Contract provide atwo-lane highway on new alignment with tTeated base, surface with plant-mixed surfacing on awarded to Associated Engineers, Inc., Palo Alto, fourlane passing locations, 11.8 miles. Contract cement treated base, and resurface an existing $45,370.95. awarded to R. A. Westb=ook, Inc. and Moxxison- poxrion with plant-mixed surfacing, completion of Knudsen Co., Inc., Los Angeles, $1,318,157.75 which will provide a two-lane roadway, part of San Luis Obispo County—Sign Route 1—Between which is on new alignment eliminating many Morzo Bay and Cambria, at four locations. Install Kern County—LTS 99—Between California Ave- untreated base curves, 5 miles. Contract awarded to Arthur B. corrugated metal pipe culverts, place nue and 17th Street, on IInion Avenue. Widen the surfacing and construct Portland Six, Inc., Santa Rosa, $539,310. and plant-mixed existing roadway and place plant-mixed surfacing cement concrete drainage structures. Contract over untreated base and existing pavement and Monterey County—LiS 101—Between two miles awarded to R. McCray, Santa Maria, $4,404.25. construct a steel girder bridge, completion of which south o£ San Ardo and Salinas River. Grade, place —FAS 6S4—Between will provide a six-lane divided highway together imported subbase material, imported base material San Luis Obispo County west of Paso Robles. Con- with a Union Avenue IIndexpass, 0.3 mile. Contract and cement treated base material, surface with 4.8 miles and 5.5 miles road approaches, 0.7 awarded to Griffith Co., Los Angeles, $384,352.90. plant-mixed surfacing and apply seal coats., 1.2 sttuct a graded roadbed and Gatos Construction miles. Contract awarded to Steckex & Scott, Sun mile. Contract awarded to Los Kern County—State Route 141—On Oak Street Co., Los Gatos, $40,376. at Brundage Lane, Chester Lane, 1Sth Street and Valley, $228,344.50. the in- 19th Street. Install txafFic signal systems and high- Monterey County—US 101 and Sign Route 156 Save Mateo County—Sign Route 1—At Install way lighting and construct channelization. Con- —At Pxunedale Junction, about seven miles north texsection with Manor Drive, in Edgemar.

60 California Highways a two-phase full traffic-actuated signal system with Fresno County—Sign Route 41—Between Shields Humboldt County—In Eureka. Construct altexa- highway lighting and advance warning flashing Avenue in Fresno and 0.3 mile north of Shaw tions and improvements at shop building. Contract bearnns, place plant-mixed surfacing on untreated Avenue. Construct a graded roadbed and place awazded to Singleton Company, Eureka, $4,250. -mixed surfacing on cement-treated base and base and on existing pavement. Contract awarded plant FIumboldt County—Across Mattole River at to Hall Sloat Electric Co., existing pavement, modify traffic signal and high- Gardners. Repair bridge and approaches (emergency Inc., Oakland, $19,884. way lighting systems, completion of which will Santa Barbara contract). Contract awarded to E. J. Aimstcong & County—US 101—Between 0.7 provide a new six-lane divided highway. 2.3 miles. Son, Inc., Eureka, $16,000. mile and 1.3 miles west of Carpinteria. Construct Contract awazded to Richazds-Lindexdown Company, Humboldt County—Across Beaz River at corrugated metal pipe culverts at five locations and Fresno, $318,361. Lowerys extend an existing and across Bonanza Creek Bridge on Upper Bear corrugated metal pipe arch cul- Humboldt County—US 101—Between Eel River River. Repair bridges and approaches (emergency vert. Contract Lodge Gieenlaw B1ufF. washouts, awarded to Hurst Concrete Products, and Repair slip- contract. Contract awarded to Tom Hvli, Eureka, Santa Barbara, $2,335. outs and remove slides (emergency contract). Con- $3,000. Santa tzact awarded to Mercer Fraser Co., Inc., Eureka, Clara County—Sign Route 17-0.2 mffe $105,000. Humboldt County—The Lighthouse Bridge, across south of Moorpark Avenue and Stevens Creek Road, Mattole River, at Petrolia. Repair bridge and ap- Humboldt County—LTS 101—Neat Pepperwood. near San Jose. Construct embankment of imported proaches (emergency contract). Contract awarded borrow Remove flood-deposited houses and debris from to E. J. Armstrong &Son, Eureka, $15,000. material, 0.6 mile. Contract awarded to highway (emergency Los contract). Contract awarded to Gatos Const. Co., Los Gatos, $31,855. A. C. Johnson &Sons, Eureka, $10,000. Humboldt County—Across Lacabee Creek at Lata• Solano County—State Route 208—About 0.7 bee. Repair bridge (emergency contract). Contract Humboldt County—LiS 101—About two miles awazd to J. J. Tracey, Eureka, $10,000. mile northwest of Vallejo at Napa River. Repair north of Arcata, at Turner Draw. Construct graded fenders of bridge. Contract awazded to Healy Tib- roadbeds fox approaches and a detour, place plant- Humboldt County—Between Bald Hills Road and bitts Const. Co., San Francisco, $2,230. mixed surfacing on untreated base over imported the vicinity of Weitchpec. Remove slides, surface subbase material and construct a bridge (emergency contract). Con- Sonoma County—LTS 101—On West Street at and construct a reinforced concrete. Uridge across Turner Draw. Contract txact awarded to J. L. Conner, Jx., Eureka, $10,000. First Street. Install traffic signal system. Contract 0.1 mile. awarded to Mercer Fraser Co. and Mercer Fraser Los Angeles County—LTS 66—Approximately 2.5 awarded to Karl F. Stolting, Santa Rosa, $9,446. Gas Co., Inc., Eureka, $50,448.98. miles_ east of Monrovia, on Huntington Drive at Trinity County—US 299—At Douglas City Humboldt County — LTS 101 —1~t Mad River Fish Canyon Road-Crownhaven Drive. Constructing Bridge. Supplemental Bent (emergency contract). Bridge. Construct embankment protection (emer- channelization and furnishing and installing a ttaf- Contract awarded to Fredrickson &Watson Const. gency contract). Contract awarded to Tom Hull, fic-actuated signal system and highway lighting. Oakland, Gas Co., Inc., Eureka, $50,448.98. Contract awarded to Osborn Company, Pasadena, Co., $8,000. $44,287.15. Tulare County—State Route 131— Humboldt County — US 101 — At Mad River Across Kaweah Los Angeles County—Sign Route 71—On Belle- River, about 18 miles east of Visalia. Bridge repair Bridge, Boyd Draw and Moore Draw Bridges. Re- construct of vue-Arroyo Avenue at Holt Avenue, at Pomona (emergency contract). Contract to portions approaches and bridges (emer- awarded Intru- gency contract). Contract awarded to Tom Hull, city limit. Modify traffic signal system. Contract sion-Prefakt, Inc., ,Cleveland, $8,000. Eureka, $35,000. awarded to Galland Electric Co., Inc., South Gate, Tulare $4,394. County—Sign Route 63—At Cottonwood Humboldt County — US 299 — At Mad River Los Angeles Cou~xty—Between Creek and at Cottonwood Creek Overflow, about Bridge. Repair approaches (emergency contract). Montebello and 8.5 miles north of Visalia. Construct metal beam Whittier, at intersection of Rosemead Boulevard Contract awazded Mercer Fxasez Co., Inc., Eureka, with bridge tailing on two bridges and metal plate guazd $2,500. Manzanax Avenue-Havenwood Drive. Install railing on a traffic-acruated signal system and highway light- approaches. Contract awarded to Sea- Humboldt board Const. Couxty—US 299—Willow Czeek to ing. Contract awarded to C. D. Draucker, Inc., Los &Diving, Richmond,. $5,085. Hoopa Bridge across the Trinity River. Remove Angeles, $13,827. Ventura County—Sign Route 23—About four slides and reconstruct drainage facilities and xoad- Mendocino County—US 101 miles southeast way (emergency —Between Station of Moorpark. Install a corrugated contract). Contract awarded to 386 and Station 391. Repair washouts and place J. Ira McNutt, Springfield, metal pipe culvert. Contract awarded to Taylor & Oregon, $40,000. ripxap (emergency contract. Contract awarded to Hoover, La Canada, $1,680.99. Humboldt County—Simon Route 36—At Yager Lange Brothers & Hastings, Lakeport, $20,000. Ventura County—FAS 1164—Across Santa Clara Creek Bridge. Repair bridge (emergency contract). Mendocino County—US 101—At Starion 151. River, on Ventura-Hueneme Coast Line Road.'Con- Contract awarded to Mezcer Fraser Co., Inc., Eureka, Construct roadway around timber crib (emergency $8,000. structing a reinforced concrete bridge. Contract contract). Contract awarded to ATti1llT B. Siri, Inc., awarded to C. B. Tuttle, Los Alamitos, $574,714. Humboldt County—Sign Route 96—Across two Santa Rosa, $5,000. channels of Bluff Creek. Construct two log bridges Mendocino and Humboldt Yuba County—LTS 99EBetween Courtier—At various 0.2 mile south and approaches (emergency contract). Contract locations. Remove slides and debris and xecon- of Seventh Avenue in Olivehurst and Yuba River awarded to J. J• Tracey, Eureka, $10,000. stxuct roadway (emergency contract). Contract Bridge at Mazysville Grade, place plant-mixed sur- Humboldt awarded to Humboldt Constructors, Inc., Eureka, facing on cement County—Sign Route 1—At Arlynda $30,000. treated base and on untreated Corners. Construct timber pile bridge (emergency base, remodel a portion of an existing bridge and contract). ContcaM awarded to Mercer Fraser Co., Mendocino and Humboldt Counties — Between install highway lighting systems, completion of Inc., Eureka, $25,000. Rattlesnake Summit and Scotia. Repair and replace which will provide a new four-lane divided culveru (emergency contract). high- Humboldt County —Sign Contract awazded to way together with necessary ramps, Route 1 — Between Harold Hastings, Lakeport, $10,000. speed change Fernbxidge and Ferndale. Reconstruct washouts, lanes, frontage roads and road connections, 3.7 embankments, pavement and culverts (emergency Mendocino and Humboldt Counties—Between miles. Contract awarded to Baldwin Contracting contract). Contract awazded to Mercer Fraser Co., Jitney Gulch and one-half mile north of Myers Flat. Co., Inc. and H. Earl Parker, Inc., Marysville, Inc., Eureka, $90,000. Repair slides and washouts (emergency contract). $930,580.39. Contract awarded to John Burman and Sons, Humboldt County —Sign Route 1 — Between Eureka, $20,000. Route 1 and Arlynda Corners. Place plant-mixed Mendocino County surfacing (emergency contract). —Sign Routes 128 and 1—At FEBRUARY, 1956 Contract awarded Elk Creek and others locations to Arthur B. Siri, Inc., Santa Rosa, $12,850. and at Big River. Repair washouts (emergency contract). Contract Butte and Plximas Couxities—LIS 40 Alt.—Jarbo Hxtmboldt County—Sign Route 96—Across Trin- awazded to Granite Construction Co., Watsonville, Gap to Indian Creek. Remove slides, restore drain- iry River at Hoopa. Construct approaches to tem- $20,000. age facilities and remove debris (emergency con- poxary bridge (emergency contract. Contract Mendocino County —Sign Route 1 — Across tract). Contract awarded to Richter Brothers, Ora- awarded to J. Ira McNutt Construction Co., Spring- Brush ville, $150,000. Creek, near Manchester. Construct a rein- field, Oregon, $10,500. foxced concrete bridge and grade and surface with Contra Costa County—Li5 40—About two miles Humboldt County—On Howe Creek Road, Price road-mired surfacing the approaches. 0.3 mile. Con- north of San Pablo, at Tara Hills Drive. Install a Creek Road and Blue Slide Road. Remove slides, tract awazded to Thomas Constxucl3on Co., Fresno, flashing beacon system and highway lighting. Con- repair washouts and place rock surfacing (emer- $131,722.6 5. tract awarded to Manning &Whitaker. Division of gency contract). ConttaM awarded to J. L. Conner, Modoc Cmenty—US 299 Between Coopman Electric — eight miles Co., San Francisco, $1,979. Jr., Eureka, $15,000. north of Adin and Pit River Bridge. Place plant- Contra Costa and Solano Counties—Sign Route Humboldt County—On Weymouth Bluff Road, mixed surfacing on the existing pavement and on 21—At Martinez and near Benicia. Repair the Howe Creek Road, Price Creek Road and Blue Slide untreated base. 9.2 miles. Contract awazded to existing ferry slips. Contract awarded to Healy Road. Repair and replace Baldwin Contracring Co., Inc., Marysville, $210,- bridges (emergency con- 218.44. Tibbitts Construction Co., San Francisco, $154,556. tract). Contract awarded to J. J. Tracey, Eureka, Del Norte Couxity--IIS 101—At Station 138-}-. $15,000. Riverside County—MAFB Access Road—Between Avenue "C" Erosion protection (emergency contract). Contract Humboldt and Graham Street. Construct a graded County—Across North Foxk of Bear roadbed, place imported borrow, awarded to Mercer Fxasex Co, Inc, Eureka, $1,700. River at Ambxosines. Log bridge (emergency imported base mate- con- xial, cement-treated base and plant-mixed surfacing Frerno County—LTS 99—Between Cherry Ave- txaet). Contract awarded to W. S. Selvage, Eureka, $10,000. and construct two bridges, completion of which will nue and Princeton Avenue, portions. Construct provide a grade sepazarion and overhead, at March graded roadbeds, place concrete pavement on ce- Humboldt County—On Burrell Road, Conklin Field Road Ovexcrossing and at March Field Off- ment-treated subgrade, place plant-mixed surfacing Creek Road, Cooke Road and at Mill Creek. Re- ramp Ovexcrossing. 1.9 on miles. Cont=act awarded to untreated base, construct six reinforced concrete move slides, repair washouts, place rock surfacing E. L. Yeager Co., Riverside, $462,940.90. bridges and three pumping plants, completion of and construct log bridge (emezgency contract). Riverside County which will provide a four- and six-lane divided Contract awarded to Ted May, Eureka, $12,000. —US 60-70-99—Between 0.8 freeway together with overgjossings, grade seuaxa- mile north of Indio Overhead and Indio Grade. rions and pumping plants at: Ventura Street Over- Humboldt County—State Park Boundary to Fruit- Place plant-mixed surfacing on cement-treated base crossing; Ventura Street Ovexcrossing Pumping land on Dyerville Loop Road. Remove slides and and on eicisting pavement and construct two bridges, Plant; Kern Street Overcrossing; Tulare Street Over- restore roadway (emergency contract. Contract completion of which will provide a four-lane di- crossing; Tulare Street Overcrossing Pumping Plant; awarded to John Burman and Sons, Eureka, vided highway with bridges at Coachella Storm Fresno Street Separation; Tuolumne Street Ovez- $12,000. Drain and Indio Overhead. 2.7 miles. Contract crossing; Stanislaus Street Overcrossing and at Stan- Humboldt County—At Mad River at Giacomini awarded to Altfillisch Construction Co. and Love & islaus Street Ovexexossing Pumping Plant. 1.2 miles. Ranch. Reconstruct pile bents (emergency con- Watson, Downey, $488,031.60. Contract awazded to C. K. Moseman, Redwood tract). Contract awarded to Mercer Fxaset Co., Inc., San Bernardino Co-unty — US 70-99 — Across City, $1,568,300.50. Eureka, $4,000. South Channel Warm Creek, about 0.8 mile south and Public Works 61 of San Bernardino. Repair the existing bridge. Con- Trinity County-IIS 299-Cede Flat to District roads, speed change lanes and connections to exist- tiact awarded to Louis J. St=ona, Pomona, II line. Restore roadway (emergency contract). Con- ing streets. Bridges at Artesia Avenue underesoss- $6,930.75. tract awarded to Aithux B. Sixi, Inc., Santa Rosa, ing; Western Avenue overcrossing; Route 171/ 174 San Bernardino County-US 66-At the Amboy $40,000. separarion; Stanton Avenue ovexcxossing; Stanton Maintenance Station. Construct a cottage and in- Tulare County-Sign Route 65-At Tule River Avenue on-ramp ovexciossing; Fullerton Creek; stall utilities. Contract awarded to Cal. Const. Co., Bridge at Portexville. Construct pier protection Brookhurst Avenue Overhead; Btookhuxst Avenue San Bernardino, $13,400. (emergency contzact). Contract awarded to Thomas overcrossing; La Palma Avenue overcrossing; Euclid Construction Co., Fresno, $6,618. San Diego County-LiS 395-Between Richmond Avenue ovexciossing; Euclid Avenue off-ramp over- Street and Fulton Street. Paint metal plate guard Tulare County-FAS 1212-Between Gxevilla head; Lincoln Avenue overctossing; Broadway over- Street 0.5 mile south of Portexville and Portexville railing. 3.3 miles. Contract awarded to Geo. G. crossing; Anaheim underpass; Santa Ana Street Punton, San Diego, $2,467.50. State. Hospital. Construct a graded roadbed and sux- face with plant-mixed surfacing on imported base overcxossing; and Ball Road ovexctossing. Pump San Diego County-Sign Route 94-Between plants at Route 171/ 174 separation and at Lincoln mile east material. 2.0 miles. Conixact awarded to L. B. Wells Wabash Freeway in San Diego and 0.6 E. Haddock Ltd. of Euclid Avenue. 2.4 miles. Grade and pave with Construction Co., Visalia, $83,867. Avenue. Contract awarded to J• portland cement concrete pavement on cement- and R. M. Price Co., ~asadena, $5,929,776.30. treated subgeade, place plant-mixed surfacing on Los Angeles County-Between Narcissa Drive cement-treated base and imported base material, MARCH, 1956 and Crenshaw Boulevard, on Palos Verdes Drive construct one wended structural steel and three south. Grade and surface with plant-mixed surfac- of which Contra Costa County-Between Esmond Avenue reinforced concrete bridges, completion ing on untreated base and imported base material, will provide a new six-lane divided freeway to- and McBtyde Avenue, on San Pablo Avenue. Grade completion of which will provide a four-lane di- nether with ramps, interchange lanes and street and pave parking lanes with poxtland cement con- highway, 1.1 miles. Contract awarded to connections at Las Chollas Creek-Home Avenue On- crete on untreatefl base and consfxnct curbs. Con- vided ramp Westway Excavating Co.., Los Angeles, $212,- Bridge, at Home Avenue Off-ramp Ovex- uact awarded to O. C. Jones. & Sons, Berkeley, crossing, at 47th Street Ovexcxossing, and at Euclid 582.8 5. 2.4 $11,577.50. Avenue Overcrossing, all on new alignment. Marro County-US 101-Alto intersection. Dxain- miles. Contract awarded to Guy F. Atkinson Co., Humboldt County-LiS 101-Between 0.6 mile age co~ection. Contract awarded to Ghilotti Bo- South San Francisco, $2,062,928.70. north of Plaza Avenue. in Arcata and 1.0 mile tliers, Inc., San Rafael, $6,945. San Diego County-FAS 732-Between Brock- south of Mad River, and on US 299 bet~n~een IIS ton Street and Magnolia Avenue in El Cajon. Con- 101 and Mad River, grade and surface, to provide Marro County-FAS 608- Between Lagunitas stxuct a graded roadbed, place imported suUbase a 4-lane divided freeway and expressway together School and 3.2 miles west of Fairfax. Construct a material and plant-mixed surfacing on imported graded roadbed and place selected ma!erial, 2.6 base material and on existing surface and apply c~~ith frontage roads, 2.9 miles. Contract awarded seal coats, completion of which will provide a fout- to Mercer Fraser Co., Inc. & Mercer Fraser Gas miles. Contract awarded to John Delphic, Patterson, lane divided highway together with road connec- Co., Inc., Eureka., $629,224.48. $270,106. tions, approaches and crossroads. 2.0 miles. Con- Imperial County-State Route 187-Across Mendocino County-LTS 101-About 39 miles txact awarded to Ralph B. Slaughter, Julian, $352,452. Alamo River, about three miles east and seven north of Willits, at Rattlesnake Creek. Construct an miles north of Bxawley xedeck and widen two unlined tunnel for a channel change. Contract San Francisco City 10th and County-BetweOn bridges. Contract Fraser Street and Fourth Street, adjacent to Bayshore Free- awarded to R. E. Staite & Roy awarded to Mercer Fraser Co., Inc. & 1blercex way. Construct chain link fence. Contract awarded C. Ek, San Diego, $23,691.75 Gas Co., Inc., Eureka, $38,590.00. to United States Steel Corp., Amer. Steel- & Wire Kern Coxinty-IIS 466-At Mt. Vernon Avenue, Mendociveo Couvety-LiS 101-Between Low Gap Div., Cyclone Fence Dept., Oakland, $18,7'11. about 0.5 mile east of Bakersfield. Install flashing Road-Brash Street, and 0.2 mile north of Foid San Joaquin Coasnty-LiS 99-Between 03"mile Deacon and highway lightinb system and construct road. Construct a graded xoa3bed and surface with north of Lathrop Road and 0.4 mile north of Tur- channelization. Contract awarded to Dicco, Inc., nex Station. plant-mixed surfacing on cement treated base, 0.7 Construct graded roadbeds, pave with Bakersfield, $13,930. portland cement concrete on cement-treated base, mile. Contract awarded to Arthur B. Siri, Inc., surface with plant-mixed surfacing on untreated Kern County-LiS 399-Between Sunset Rail- Santa Rosa, $133,058.50. base and on existing pavement and construct a road and 1.4 miles north of Taft. Grade. roadbed 1VIendocino County-Sign Route 128-Between steel bridge, completion of which will provide a and place plant-mixed su=facing on cement treated four-lane Coon Creek and Ornbaun Creek, about four miles divided highway together with frontage base, and install a highway lighting system, com- roads and ramps, including the Turner Station southeast of $oonville. Construct a gzaded roadbed, Overhead. 2.5 miles. Contract awarded to A. pletion of which will provide renewed existing place imported subbase material, place plant-mixed Teichext &Son, Inc„ Sacramento, $914,045.70. highway and four-lane divided highway on new surfacing on cement treated base and on untreated San Joaquin County-US 99-Between Lodi and alignment, 2.4 miles. Contract awazded to Phoenix base and apply seal coat, 0.8 mile. Contract 0.5 mils north of jahant Road. Construct a graded Const. Co.; Inc., Bakersfield, $241,327.30. a~c~arded to Granite Const. Co., Watsonville, $152,- roadbed and surface with Portland cement concrete Los Angeles County-LTS 101-Between 0.4 103.00. on cement- treated subgrade and plant-mixed sur- mile. west of Washington Boulevard and the facing on untreated base and construct bridges Mo~aterey County-At the intersection of SR 1 five Orange County line. and one pumping plant, completion of which will Widen the. existing roadbed with Ocean Avenue, Near Carmel. Install traffic place provide a fourlane divided freeway together with and plant-mixed surfacing on untreated base signal system and highway ]fighting and construct existing bridges at: D4okelumne River; Woodbridge Road and pavement and construct an extension channelizarion. Contract awarded to Granite Const. Overcrossing; to the Whittier underpass, completion of Acampo Road Overcxossing; Peltier which Co., Watsonville, $14,016.50. Road Ovexcrossing; Jahant Road Overcrossing; and will provide a seventy-six foot street, 4.8 miles. a pumping plant at Acampo Road Ovexcxossino. Contract awarded to J. E. Haddock, Ltd., Pasadena, Orange County-IIS Alt. 101-Across San Juan 4.8 miles. Contract awarded to M. J. B. Cons`r. Co. $1,477,869.90. Creek ovex$ow, about 3 miles northwest of San and Loxd &Bishop, Inc., Stockton, $1,975,959.20. Clements. Repair a timber trestle bridge. Contract Los Angeles County-LTS 66- San Mateo County-LTS 101-At Caxmelita Ave- Between 0.1 mile awarded to Marco Corporation, Paramount, $5,828. nue and at Chapin Avenue, on El Camino Real. west and 0.2 mile east of Fifth Street, near Azusa Install traffic signals. Contract awarded to R. Flat- on Alosta Avenue. Widen the existing roadway Orange County-At intersection of Ocean Ave- land, San Francisco, $6,000. with plant-raised surfacing on untreated base and nue with Main Street, in Huntington Beach, and San Mnteo Cminty-At Burlingame Maintenance apply seal coats, 0.3 mile, Contract awarded to at intersections of Newport Boulevard with Via Station. Reconstruct electrical systems. Contract J. E. Haddock Ltd.., Pasadena, $15,783.30. Lido and of Pacific Coast Highway with Seaward awarded to Coopman Electric Co., San Francisco, Road and with Morning Canyon Roadi in Newport $1,358. Los Angeles County-US 6-Between Lancaster Beach. Furnish., install and modify traffic signal and Kern County line, at seven locations. Replace Sa~.ta Barbara Count~~-LTS 101-Between El systems and highway lighting systems and con- Capitan Creek and 0.6 mile west of Arroyo Hondo, corrugated metal pipe culverts. Contract awarded struct channelizatfon. Contract a~~c~arded to Ed. about 23 miles west of Santa Barbara. Clean and to Ed Waters, Van Nuys, $6,693.20. Seymour, Long Beach, $54,727. paint the existing guard railing and install metal Los Angeles Cou~aty-LTS 66-Between Pxince- posr~, Riverside County-SR 18-Between 0.4 mile plate guard railing, guide and culvert ton Road and 0.2 mile southeast of Colorado markers. 7.6 miles. Contract awarded to L. J. Grey south of 14th StLeet and 0.3 mile north of Rus- ~ Sons, Balboa, $20,177.80. Boulevard, 0.4 mile. Grade, place imported sub- sell Street. Construct two graded roadbeds, place base material and untreated base, surface with Santa imported base material; const7uM cement treated Clara County-US 101-On El Camino surfacing apply seal coat, comple- Real at El Monte Avenue. Install a traffic signal plant-mixed and subgrade and Portland cement concrete pavement; system. Contract awarded to Progress Elec ric, Palo tion of which will provide a four-lane. divided high- place plant-mixed surfacing over imparted base Alto, $8;896. way. Contract acs>aTded to Osborn Co., Pasadena, material, cement treated base and existing pave- Santa Clara County-State Route 42-At the $43,017.55. ment; construct six bridges and a pumping plant, intersection of Santa Cruz Avenue with Saratoga Los Angeles County-IIS 66-Between Colorado completion of which will provide a new section Avenue. Install atwo-phase pre-timed traffic signal Boulevard and Melrose Avenue. Pave with plant- of fourlane divided highway with bridbes at: 14th system. Contract awarded to L. H. Leonardi Elec- mixed surfacing, install watering system and pre- Street ovexcxossing, Eighth Street separation, txic Construction Co., San Rafael, $2,999. pare and plant i~ith trees. and shrubs, 1.0 mffe. Seventh Street nndetcrossing, Third Street under- Shasta CouTaty-LiS 299-Between 0.7 mile east Contract awarded to DZouldex Bxos., Glendale, crossing, Riverside Junction underpass, Spruce of the west city limit and Southern Pacific Railroad Street oveTCTOSSing and pump plant at Riverside Overhead. Construct a graded roadbed, place iin- $52,753.01. Junction underpass, 2.2 miles. Contract awarded ported subbase material and place plant-mixed sur- Los Angeles anci Orange Counties-Between Griffith Co., Los Angeles, $1',885,484.60. facing on cement-treated Uase and untreated base. Coyote Creek and Ball Road, on the Santa Ana to 1.5 miles. Contract awarded to Fredrickson & Wat- Freeway, 6.5 miles. Grade, pave with Portland Riverside County-SR 74-Between 9.5 miles son Coast Co., Oakland, $185,330.55. cement concrete on cement treated subgrade, place east of Hemet and 1.1 miles west of Mountain Trinity and Humboldt Counties-Sign Route 36 plant-mixed surfacing on untreated base, and con- Center. Grade the existing roadbed, place plant- -Between Bridgeville and Forest Glen. Repair cul- com- surfacing and apply sea] coats, 7.3 miles. vexts stxuct 16 bridges and t~vo pumping plants, mixed and remove slides (emergency contract). Con- DZatich Constructors, Colton, txact awarded to Lennon Brothers, Inc., Fortuna, pletion of which will provide a six-lane divided Contract a~n~arded to X21,000. highway together with frontage roads, interchange $118,476.

62 California Highways San Bernardino County-uS 70, 99-At Mil- traffic signal system and highway lighting and con- Avenue UndetcLOSSing, Route 174167 Separation, ]iken Avenue and at Holt Boulevard connection, struct drainage facilities. Contract awarded to A. Southgate Underpass, Clara Street Ovetcrossing, and near Ontario. Grade a deceleration lane and sui- Teichext &Son, Inc., Sacramento, $35,223.50. Pumping Plants at Southgate Underpass and at face with plant Clara Street Overesossing, 3.8 miles. Awarded to -mixed surfacing and construct metal Yolo County-At the Division of Highways Nux- plate guard railing. Webb & White and W. J. Disteli, I,os Angeles, Contzact awarded to Ralph J. sery about 10 miles west of Sacramento, near Davis, Laird, La $4,174,204. Verne, $3,823.10. repair and improve a lath house. Contract awarded San Bernardino County-At Alabama Street, on to A. Teichext &Son, Inc., Sacramento, $2,260.50. Madera County-IIS 99 and Sign Route 152- Colton Avenue, near Redlands, and at Marshall Between Califa and 1~Ierced County Line. Construct Boulevard, on E Street in San Bernardino. Install graded roadbeds, place unported subbase material, traffic signal systems and construct concrete curb APRIL, 1956 pave with poxtland cement concrete on cement median widening. Contract awarded to Paul R. treated subgxade and plant-mixed surfacing on ce- Gardner, Ontario, $26,740. Del Norte County-US 101-Across Panther ment treated base and untreated base, and conmuM seven bridges, tcvo pumping plants, and modify an San Creek, about two miles north of Klamath. Construct Bernardino- County-US 91-BetH~een 0.3 existing pumping plant, completion of which mile a detour of imported borrow, surface with plant- will south and 0.3 mile north of Cable Creek, provide freeway, together frontage mixed surfacing; grade and surface the approaches with roads, about 4 miles north of San Bernardino. Grade the ramps and interchanges, with untreated base material and plant-mixed sur- bridges at: Route 32 4 existing shoulders, surface the eazsting roadway and separation; Overhead; facing, and construct a reinforced concrete bridge, Califa Road 24-E Ovexcross- shoulders with plant-mixed surfacing, 0.6 mile. ing; Berenda Slough Bridge; Road 26-E Ovex- Contract awarded to Vernon Paving Co., Fontana, 0.2 mile. Contract awarded to Osborne Bowie Eng. Contrs., Crescent City, $71,907. cxossing; Ash Slough Bridge; and Le Grand Ave. $4,062. Overcxossing, all on new alignment, and four-lane Snn Bernardino County-SR 2 and State Route Del Norte County-LTS 101-Between 0.4 mile divided, 7.0 miles. Awarded to Fredericksen & 188-Across west fork Mojave River about 9 miles and 0.8 mile north of Wilson Creek, about 13 miles Kasler, Sacramento, $2,285,809.35. south of Crescent City. Grade and surface with and 11 miles north of Cxestline. Construct graded Marin County-Sign Route 37-Across Novato plant-mixed surfacing on cement treated base and roadUeds for detours, construct bridge approaches Creek, about 9.5 miles north of San Rafael. Repair construct a reinforced concrete bridge, completion and ieconstxuct two steel girder bridges at west a reinforced concrete bridge. Awarded to C. C. of which c~~ill provide a four-lane highway, part of fork Mojave River at two locations. Contract Gildersleeve, Grass Valley, $8,152. awarded to Hubbs Equipment Co., Colton, which is on new alignment eliminating a bad $38,280. curve, 1.1 miles. Awarded to Natt McDougall Co., Marie County-Sign Route I-Across Arroyo Pocdand, Oregon, $552,100.21. San Gesonimo, about 0.2 mile south of Point Reyes San Diego County-On south Harbor Drive at Starion. Clean and paint bridge. Awarded to Humboldt County-LTS 0.2 R. W. Sampson, Beardsley and Sigsbee Streets. Grade and 101-Between mile Berkeley, south Reade and Co., $1,940. surface left turn lanes «pith planbmixed surfacing of Elk River and south city limit of Eureka. Widen the t~vo Monterey County-Sign Raute 1-About 55 miles on untreated base; 0.5 mile. Contract awarded to existing -lane approaches and sur- with plant south of Monterey, at Limekiln Creek. Construct a M. F3. Golden Const. Co., San Diego, $7,515.20. face -mixed surfacing on cement treated base and construct a precast concrete bridge, com- reinforced concrete bridge and construct graded ap- San Diego County-SR 94-Between 0.5 mile pletion of which will provide a four-lane divided proaches and pave with plant-mixed surfacing on east of Euclid Avenue and 0.3 mile east of Col- facility, 1.5 miles. Awarded to Mercer, Fraser Gas cement treated base. Awarded to James B. Allen lege Avenue. Install Highway lighting and illu- Co., Inc., and Mexcex, Fraser Co., Inc., Eureka, and Lee Arnold, Inc., San Cazlos, $361,980. minated sign systems. Contract awarded to Hall $249,141.26. Nevada County-Sign Route 20-Between 0.4 Sloat Electric Co., Inc., Oakland, $36,105. Humboldt County-Sign Route 96-Across Txin- mile west of Casey's Comex and Rough and Ready, Saga Francisco Count7~-State RoLrte 224 (Em- ity River at Hoopa. Grade bridge approaches and about five miles west of Grass valley. Place xoad- barcadero Freeway)-Between San Francisco-Oak- surface with road-mixed surfacing on untreated base mixed surfacing on untreated base and tedeck and land Bay Bridge at Fremont Street and Howard and construct a welded plate girder bridge, 0.4 mile. widen a steel stringer and a timber stringer bridge, Street. Construct portions of a mul.ilane multilevel Awarded to Peter Kiewit Sons' Co., Medford, Oxe- 2.1 miles. Awarded to M. J. Ruddy &Son, Modesto, sepazation of reinforced concrete box girder spans gon, $710,276.50. $72,176.35. supported Uy reinforced concrete bents and construct Imperial County-LiS 80-At Pack Ditch, about Orange County-At Commonwealth Ave. and at contour graded areas and replace portions of city 113 miles west of Wintexhaven. Constzuct a triple Artesia Ave., on Gzand Ave. Modify the existing streets ~x~ith plant-mixed surfacing on portland ce- reinforced concrete box culvert and place plant- and install new traffic signal systems and highway ment wncxete base, 0.9 mile. Contract awarded to mixed surfacing on untreated base. Awarded to lighting. Awarded to Sherwin Electric Service, Chas. L. Harney, Inc., San Francisco, $1,859,- R. E. Staite-Roy C. Ek, San Diego, $25,004.15. Los Angeles, $9,396. 283.40. Kern County-LTS 466-Between Keck's Corner Orange County-Across Brea Canyon Creek, on San Francisco County-Between 15th and 16th, and 0.3 mile easterly, about 44 miles west of bridge. Construct a pedestrian walk. Awarded to San Biuno and Vermont Streets, at the San Fran- Wasco. Construct a graded roadbed and place plant- E. S. and N. S. Johnson, Fullerton, $2,793. cisco maintenance station. mixed surfacing Install three metal build- on cement treated base, and con- Riverside County---Sign Route 111-Between ings, construct struct a concrete curbs and pave portions of reinforced concrete box culvert with head- Ramon Road and Indian Trail. Widen the e~sting and end the yard areas with plant-mixed surfacing on un- walls walls, 0.3 mile. Awarded to Rand roadway and bridge by grading and surfacing with Const. tTeated base. Contract ain~arded to Bos Const. Co., Co., Bakersfield, $25,467.50. plant-mixed surfacing, completion of which will Berkeley, $28,830. Kern County-LTS 466-Between 2.3 and 4.6 provide a four-lane roadway, and widened bridge San Luis Obispo County-FAS 1208-Between miles east of Lost Hills. Construct bridge ap- across Tahquitz Creek, 1.3 miles. Awarded to E. L. 0.5 mile and 4.1 miles west of Templeton. Grade, proaches and detours, place imported borrow and Yeager Co., Riverside, $136,476.50. cement place imported subbase and imported base ma- treated base, surface with plant-mixed sut- San Francisco City and County-On Bayshoxe facing and construct teria]s, place plant-mixed surfacing and apply seal three bzidges and a box cul- Freeway-Between Third St. and Alemany Blvd. at coat, 3.6 miles. Contract awarded to Madonna Con- vert, Goose Lake Canal Bridge, bridge across Main Pave areas with plant-mixed surfacing, constrnct a stxncfion Co., San Luis Obispo, $111,625. Drain Canal, West Side Canal Culvert and bridge maintenance building, install a watering system, in- across Main Flood Canal, 0.4 mile. Awarded to San Mateo Count9~-US Bypass 101-Betc~~een stall a plant box, prepare and plant trees and Thomas Const. Co., Fresno, $134,385. shrubs, 1.2 Millbrae Avenue in Millbrae and 0.4 mile north of miles. Awarded to Stephen L. Vistica Kern County-Sign Route 33-Between & Son, San Mateo, $62,066.30. Broadway in Burlingame. Prepare and plant xoad- Eighth Street and Lincoln Avenue, Street. side areas, 0.4 mile. Contract awlyded on Kern Grade San Francisco City and County--Golden Gate to Stephen the shoulder Vistica &Son, areas and surface with plant-mixed Bridge Approach-Between the Toll Plaza and Sign L. San Mateo, $1,656. surfacing. Awarded to Phoenix Const. Co., Inc., Route 1. Contract new con¢ete bases fora monu- Bakersfield, Santa Clara County-SR 9-Between 0.4 mile $2,176.50. ment and drinking fountain, construct plant-mixed south of McClellan Road and LTS 101. Widen and Lake County-Sign Route 29-Across Thompson surfacing pavement widening on concrete base, and surface with plant-mixed surfacing on cement Creek, about two miles south of Lakeport. Construct prepare and plant areas, 0.3 mile. Awarded to treated base and oveY the existing pavement, install a reinforced concrete bridge and grade approaches Watkin & Sibbald, San Anselmo, $22,794.10. one tiaf~ic signal system with highway lighting and and surface with plant -mixed surfacing on un- San Luis Obispo County-LiS 101-Between modify two existing traffic signal systems wi±h high- treated base, 0.1 mile. Awarded to Robert R. Mur- Hourihan Grade and Russell Turn, about 3.0 miles way lighting, 4.0 miles. Contract awarded to L. C. doch, Lafayette, $40,958. to 10.1 miles north of Grade. Smith Co., San Mateo, $316,279.80. Santa Maria Pave Los Angeles County-At Hillcrest Blvd., on La with poxdand cement concrete on cement treated Sonoma County-LiS 101-Across Maxk ~~est Brea Ave. Install traffic signal system and highway subgrade, place plant-muted surfacing on cement Creek, four miles north of San*a Rosa. Construct lighting. Awarded to WesTates Electrical Constr. Co., treated base and concrete pavement and construct a reinforced concrete bridge and construct giaded Los Angeles, $6,600. three reinforced concrete bxid~es, completion of approaches and surface with plant-mixed surfacing Los Angeles Coainty-Long Beach Freeway-$e- which will provide a four-lane divided highway on un*reated base. Contract awarded to Bridges tween 0.4 mile south of Imperial Highway in with bridges at Robbing Street Ovexcxossing, Nipomo Const. Co., San Jose, $66,22.90. Lynwood and Dozier Street. Grade and pave with Creek Frontage Road Bridge and at Nipomo Creek, all on new alignment, 7.1 miles. Awarded to Sonoma County-At the Schellville maintenance portland cement concrete pavement on cement Madonna Const. Co., San Luis Obispo, $1,777,164. station. Construct a metal building. Contract treated subgrade and plant-mixed surfacing on un- awarded to Stevenson Pacific, Redwood City, $3,- tzeated base and construct four reinforced concrete San Lu%s Obispo County-Sign Route 1-At 343. and one riveted plate girder Uridges and two iein- Arroyo Grande Creek, near Oceano. Grade a two- forced concrete pumping plants, completion of lane roadway, place plant-mixed surfacing on un- Yolo CouTaty-Between Johnston and Penderhast which will provide a new six-lane divided freeway treated base and construct a reinforced concrete Streets on Main and East Streets, and between together with interchanges and off and on ramps; bridge, 0.4 mile. Awarded to Madonna Const. Co., Johnston and East Streets on Oak Avenue. Install bridges at Salt Lake Avenue Overhead, Garfield San Luis Obispo, $79,827. crud Public Works 63 Santa Cruz County—State Route 42~About 2.6 miles noxthexly of Governor's Camp, in Big Basin State Park. Construct a graded roadbed and embankment and place plant-mixed surfacing. on un- Employees Receive Twenty~five-year Awards treated base, 0.3 mile.. Awarded fo Granite Const. Co., Watsonville, $16,875. Sishiyou County—Sign Route 96—Across Swillup Creek, about 20 miles south of Happy Camp. Con- of Division -year struct areinforced concrete bridge. Contract awarded Employees the of Highways who became eligible for 25 to Rett Company, West Sacramento, $34,678.50. awards on March 31, and April 30, 1956, are: Trinity County—LiS 299—Between Court Street in Weaverville and 1.8 miles east. Construct a graded roadbed, place imported subbase material, Yota[ 5¢rvice Tofal service Name Yrs. Mos. Days Nam¢ ~ Yrs. Mos. Days untreated base and cement treated base and surface with plant-mixed surfacing, 1.8 miles. Awarded to Mercher, Fraser Co., Inc., and Mercer, Fzasex Gas ELIGIBLE ON ELIGIBLE ON Co., Inc., Eureka, $183,206. March 31, 1956 April 30,1956—Continued Dishict Trinity County—US 299—On US 299, Trinity Parker, Elmon L...... 45 0 13 District 1—CoMinu¢d River at Douglas Citq (emergency contract). As- Robson, James Qaniel...... 45 0 6 semble Baily Bridge and remove debris. Awarded to Districk III Small, Elwin J...... :...... QS 0 6 United States Plywood Coxp., $2,150. Engrahm, Alvin E...... QS 0 7 District II Tulare County—LiS 99—Across freeway, about District IV Davis, Edward E...... 45 0 14 120 feet north of the inteisecrion of County Road Miles, Herbert S...... Q5 0 43 128 and Avenue 80. Construct a reinforced con- Norris, Robert Johnston...... , 45 0 4 Diskrieb N Loeffler, Paul A...... 45 0 46 crete bridge, install lighting system, and place im- DISTRICT VII Milner, Donald C...... 45 0 17 ported borrow and plant-mixed surfacing for the Bray, Otis...... QS 0 49 approaches, complerion of which will provide a Dane, $ylver P...... 45 0 47 Dishict V new pedestrian ovexc=ossing. Awarded to Thomas Tibbet, Edward P...... QS 0 16 Beuttler, Louis James...... 45 0 4 Const. Co., Fresno., $SS,1S0. District VIII District VI Ventura County—State Route 9—Near Saticoy Smith, NeiIL...... Q5 0 17 Stumbaugh, Wayne 5...... ,., 45 0 00 on Los Angeles Ave. about 0.5 mile north of Santa Clara Ave. Grade and surface with plant- Distriek X District VII Pleau, Henry L...... 45 0 16 Decker, Ralph E...... ,... QS 0 41 mixed surfacing on untreated base and construct Medden, Russell J...... Q5 0 18 reinforced concrete culverts, and apply seal coats, DISTRICT XI 0.3 mile. Awarded to Paul V. Pollock, Ventura, Jorgensen, J. Frank...... 45 0 15 Disfrit! VIII $23,168.40. Barrett, W. V.(Bill) ...... 45 0 00 Bridse Depk. Ventura County—State Route 9—Across the Greene, George A...... 45 0 48 District X Santa Clara River, near Saticoy. Remove and xe- Verner, Carl J...... :. 45 0 44 Black, Darrell J...... 45 0 14 construct aportion of bridge, and remove and xe- construct curbs and railings of bridge across Santa Headquarters Shop Bridge D¢pt, 47 Clara River. Awarded to F. Maxwell Keleher, James J...... 45 0 18 I~vy,Raymond J...... 45 Q W. Co., Los Mauzy, Harris K...... 45 0 41 Angeles, $605.,441.50. ELIGIBLE ON Turpen, Loretta ...... 45 0 9 Yuba County—At the State Highway District Of- April 30, 1956 fice and Laboratory Building in Marysville. Pzepaxe District 1 Headquarters Shop Burgess, Bemerd J...... 45 0 11 Revelino James B...... Q5 0 16 and plant ground areas. Awarded to R. B. Gregory, Leger, Leslie L...... 45 0 3 $chang, ~2obert M...... QS 0 14 Berkeley, $1;80031.

one day, these butterflies born in Monterey begin to move out in little THE MONf~RCHS groups, begin to move up the coast, Northward they go, feeding lightly Visit Monterey, Pacific drove, or groups and move down the coast. As on plant nectar as they go, and com- Carpinteria and you're almost sure to they go, they are joined by other ing at last to the meadowlands that hear about the butterflies. In this case, monarchs along the way and soon their parents had left the late summer points out the National Automobile great masses of them are winging their before. There they will breed and die Club, the butterflies will be the giant way southward. Down along Wash- and their progeny will come down monarchs, their reddish-brown wings ington and Oregon they go, and into to Monterey. veined with black. And you'll hear California. In Central California they about them because of their most wing out across Monterey Bay and So strange is this flight that each unusual semiannual migratory flight then begin to take to the trees at year the arrival of the monarchs is that takes them over the hundreds of Monterey, Pacific Grove, and farther celebrated by a butterfly pageant in miles from Alaska to California. south at Carpinteria. On the same Pacific Grove and police of the area There are migratory flights .and Monterey pines and live oaks on are not slow to arrest anyone found migratory flights but that of the which they have been swarming for disturbing or destroying the butter- monarchs is most unusual for they years, they settle down, each hanging flies during their long winter sleep. fly only one way and then die; their to the end of a pine needle, leaves progeny fly back to the starting point folded, dormant. For four long A total of 10,530,725 toll-paying in Alaska. months they nap there, and then, with the coming of spring, they awaken. interurban train and bus passengers Cycle Oteurs Each Year In the early spring they breed and crossed the San Francisco-Oakland Let us look at the cycle as it occurs die. Their progeny flutter about the Bay Bridge during the Fiscal Year each year. In the late summer, mon- hills and valleys, feeding on the milk- 1954-55. A new high record of 31,- archs from the meadowlands of weed, gaining strength for the long 728,722 vehicles crossed the bridge Alaska start to congregate in large journey back to the North. And then, during the same period.

64 California rr~ghwpys TULARE BYPASS catering to the needs of the local ness receipts among these retail out- Continued from page 43 .. buyers. lets. routed through the city did not drive Area D AYea F by the retail outlets on Inyo Street, K Street, the "main street" of Tu- L Street is parallel and two blocks and it is extremely doubtful if these lare, is one block east of the old high- east of the old highway .route. The businesses derived any benefit from way route. Although traffic on the. service stations and the eating and this source. highway through the city was routed drinking places on L Street decreased Eating and- drinking places were the on a parallel street, the close proxim- in gross sales during the two years only business group in this area that ity of the main business street un- after the freeway bypass opened; enjoyed an increase in gross sales dur- doubtedly attracted some travelers. however, they represented such a ing the two years after the freeway The sale of merchandise in a large small percentage of the total business opened. As all business in this area majority of the retail outlets on this volume on this street that their losses showed a decline and the only type of street is influenced by local purchas- had very little effect on the gains business showing an increase was the ing power, and does not appeal to a made by the other business on this type catering to highway travel, it as stranger driving through the town. street. reasonable to assume the losses suffered by the other businesses were not The relatively high losses in gross Area G caused by diverting U. S. Highway sales among service stations and the Single retail outlets located outside 99 traffic to the freeway bypass. eating and drinking places represented the specific business sectors at various a relatively small volume of the busi- locations throughout the community Area C ness performed on K Street, as evi- have been tabulated into a miscella- All retail outlets along the entire denced by the fact that their losses. neous group. None of these businesses 7.9-mile. length of the old .highway did not substantially change the loss are in locations where they were di- route, bypassed by the freeway, were shown by the majority of business as rectly affected by motorists using the included in this business sector. These a part of the total business activity old highway route. retail outlets, because of their loca- on the street. Area H tion, would be most directly affected In comparing the majority of busi- by the freeway bypass. nesses, identified as the all other group, The retail outlets located on ap- The service stations on the old high- on K Street with the same class of proach roads adjacent to the new freeway suffered the heaviest loss of gross retail outlets on the- two parallel way have opened for business subse- sales in this sector. As compared with streets shown on the accompanying quent to the date the freeway bypass service stations in other sectors of Tu- chart as Sectors C and F, business was completed. It is nat possible to lare it is apparent that a portion of catering to local buyers in those areas show any comparison of these busi- the loss is directly attributable to the enjoyed high increases in gross sales nesses because there were none in rerouting of the highway traffic to the following the rerouting of through operation while highway traffic was new freeway. traffic. to the freeway. It is note- routed on the old highway. Eating and drinking places on the worthy that the highest gain was made Property Sales old highway route suffered a loss in in Sector C, the old highway route. gross sales amounting to 8.51 percento A review of the property sales from This decrease was not as great as the Area E January, 1.951, to July, 1955, along the losses suffered by the same group of Tulare, Kern, King, and Inyo principal streets in Tulare indicate businesses located. in some other sec- Streets, extending in a perpendicular there has been a slight increase in sale tors of the city. However, there were direction east of the old highway prices. The investigation of sales cov- eating and drinking places in business route, suffered a loss in total business ered these specific areas: (1) the en- sectors in :the community which en- volume amounting to 2.72 percent tire 7.9-mile length of the old high- joyed an increase in gross sales during during the comparative period of time way route which had been bypassed the two years following completion in this study. by the freeway; (2) K Street, Tulare's of the freeway. We can assume that Any benefit these businesses would "main street"; (3) Tulare Street, grin- this type of business on the old high- derive from highway motorists using cipal business street perpendicular to way route was affected to a certain the old highway would only be from old highway and K Street; and (4) degree by the change in highway those travelers who desired to stop Lindsay Highway. routing; however, in view of the loss and shop in the Tulare business dis- The greatest number of real estate in some of the other sectors which trict. The fact that the freeway by- transfers taking place within a specific were not affected by highway traffic, pass percentage of trafFic shows that commercial area in Tulare vas along it would be wrong+ to attribute the in general only those motorists who K Street, and the fewest transfers entire loss to the highway change. had no intention of stopping in Tu- were found on the Lindsay Highway. The highest business increase made lare are using the bypass, indicates This was at first surprising because by any group of retail outlets at any that the rerouting of highway traffic this area is perhaps the most active location in Tulare were the retail busi- to the freeway bypass should have section from the standpoint of new nesses along the old highway route little, if any, influence on gross busi- commercial building activity. How- end Public Works 65 A +41.02% B -1.22% c +23.s5~io -7.~8% LINDSAY HIGHWAY INYO STREET OLD HIGHWAY RT. K STREET (East of Freeway, (West of (7.9 mile length) (~~Main St~~- parallel outside city limits) Old Highway) one block from Old Hwy) ~~ +1322 - 2.50 Service Stations -zzs4 -26.31 II Eating 8c Drinking +47.18 + 15.80 Places -29.72 II it +46.74 -1.47 All Others 1.34 -6.37 ~~.

.i~.02 -i.iz Total I~~I O O O p O O O O d O O O O ~ O O O O O O MN ~ ~~N Ma'In lO rn N ~ ~ ~ N M ~ ~ t( M N— N M~ N t0 M N — — N M ~ ~ l0

0 I5 -13.70 Service Stations 0 o~ is°~ No I~om~USi~ess I I I I' Eating 8~ Drinking - ie.os -I4.3I4 Places -i.ao Q~Se after b Pf I ma ri~y n5tf~ct~°~ +2.85 +36.19 All Others 18.45 0 ~ree,~aY I34I 6 Total BI23 12 12 ii ~~~ ~~II -2.72% OF + 34.66% Q +8.23% O TULARE, KERN, KING L STREET MISCELLANEOUS Adjacent to & INYO STREETS (Parallel with (Single businesses Freeway - (East of Old Highway) ~~Main Sireet~~) on numerous sis.)

6(~ California Highways ever, an investigation revealed that the comparison with the other cities hav- ously affected the community majority of construction was taking ing normal building growth. gain. place on leased sites. certainly is This Assessed Value of Real Estafe (3) Property sales, building activ- indicative of the property owners' ity, and other reliable indica- confidence in the growth potentials of The increase in assessed valuation tors of growth and develop- this area. of real estate in the City of Tulare ment in the community have been The sales of unimproved properties has slightly slower than in some shown a steady upward trend. the other in along the old highway route indicated of cities this general area. comparison In view of the many adjustments a slight increase in the cases where A of the change does not the community was required to cope comparisons could be made. indicate any appreciable difference in growth or property valuation. with, Tulare has succeeded in the face In general, the price trend in Tulare of what appeared to be overwhelming the The changes in assessed valuation has been increasing; however, real odds to surpass the normal economic estate market has not been extremely of cities in the San Joaquin Valley area during the two years following trend in the general vicinity since active. The lack of a sufficient number December, 1953, the completion date of transfers of unimproved properties the completion of the freeway bypass in Tulare as compared with the two of the freeway bypass. where accurate comparisons could be The new freeway gives Tulare a made precludes the opportunity to set years prior to that date are listed below: modern highway facility to aid in forth a distinct pattern showing the developing a strong, self-reliant econ- exact degree price change which Tulare -I- 8.82% of Porterville -~- 10.94% omy not influenced by the unpredict- has taken place before and after the Visalia -I- 15.95% able buying habits of the traveling rerouting of highway traffic around Hanford -E- 0.90% public. Delano x-14.16% Tulare. Sources of Fnetual Data Activity Building Conclusion State Board of Equalization A comparison has been made of the In summarizing State Department of Finance this study, the basic State Department of Employment, Tulare County total building activity before and after problem is to analyze a minor influ- Office the completion of the Tulare freeway ence during a major economic change. Security Title Insurance Co., Tulare County Branch bypass in December, In order Tulare County Assessor, Recorder 1953. The highway rerouting in Tulare oc- Tulare County Farm Advisor to determine whether the growth in curred at a time when the community Tulare County Annual Agricultural Crop Reports, Tulare has followed the normal ex- was subjected to changes in the prin- Agricultural Extension Service pectancy for building activity in this King County Farm Advisor cipal sources of income affecting the CiTy Clerk, Assessor, Tax Collector, and Building portion of the San Joaquin Valley entire economy. Inspector of Tulare, Visalia, Porterville, Hanford, and Delano area, a comparison has been made with In making the final analysis to dif- other cities of comparable size located ferentiate between the economic reac- LIKES MAGAZINE in this vicinity. tion to the change in income stream The following percentages show within the local area, and the change OXHEY~ WATFORD the gains and losses in building activ- in income stream resulting from a HERTS, ENGLAND ity during the two years after the traffic pattern, this study has shown The Editor completion of the freeway at Tulare that: DEAR Six: You have been sending as compared with the previous two (1) The majority of retail outlets me copies of California Highz.vays and years. in the community dependent Public Works since 1947 and I should Tulare + 38.55% like once again to _thank you for this Porterville ~- 24.64% upon local buying power, and Visalia -F 128.03 particularly those on the old courtesy. Your magazine has been Hanford — 1335% highway route, have enjoyed greatly appreciated, not only by me, Delano -f- 90.04% gains substantially higher than but by all professional staff who have served under me since 1947. During A review of the cities with in- the county average during the this period I have been employed on creased building activity during the two years after completion of engineering works in several parts of past two years shows that Tulare has the freeway bypass. the world and California Highways kept pace with the other cities, with (2) The retail outlets most likely to czs2d Public Works (which is for- the exception of Visalia. Every city benefit from highway traffic warded to me from my home address) enjoys the benefit of municipally routed through the city have has always been eagerly awaited by or government-financed construction decreased in gross sales; how- senior and junior staff members alike. which adds substantially to the build- ever, only a portion of their I look forward to receiving it in ing activity during ~ particular year; losses are attributable to the re- the future and assure that however, the three million dollar routing of through traffic to you it will be widest circulation county courthouse in Visalia has the freeway. These businesses given the ~vher- greatly exceeded any single expendi- represent a relatively small ever Imay be. ture in the other cities, and for this share of total business activity Yours sincerely, reason Visalia does not present a true and their losses have not seri- W. J. COZENS and Public Works 67

68 68 Highways California California

sion sion connects connects the the of intersection intersection material, Walnut Walnut subbase subbase Creek Creek to to Oak Oak thickness thickness Grove Grove Road; of of inches inches

The The Ygnacio Ygnacio Road Road exten- Valley Valley 14 existing existing Ygnacio Ygnacio up up truck truck to to Valley Valley traffic. traffic. Road Road Nominally Nominally from

and provides provides of of increase increase the for for for for reconstruction reconstruction in in car car an an the the anticipated anticipated surveys surveys and and final final construction.

built Bond Bond was was Project Project H H route route (1) (1) the the which were: were: agreement agreement highway highway Structurally, Structurally, exists exists both both earlier between between

this this Walnut Walnut Creek -to- along along worth worth noting noting that that Pittsburg substantial very very percent. 6 6 grades grades are are approximately approximately

velopment, velopment, service, service, and and safety safety reasons vised vised and and astudy astudy is of of the the new new link, link, it it maximum standards, standards, and and to to modern modern

Also Also considered considered Commissioner Commissioner necessary necessary of of for for Costa Costa de- super- Contra Contra is highway highway Curvature Curvature of of the the vehicles. vehicles.

1950, 1950, George George Assistant Assistant Road Berry, Berry,

moving of of slow- provided provided for for passing passing Project Project H H of of (2).

Costa, Costa, and and In San San Joaquin Joaquin Counties. Counties.

shoulders shoulders are -foot -foot lanes lanes with with four four 12 designation program. program. It It was was given given the the

by by Alameda, Alameda, jointly jointly Contra sponsored sponsored

grades the the summit summit on on each each side. side. On On e~ension e~ension be be included included in in the the road road bond

and and Oakland Oakland a a survey Stockton

" — —

shoulders -wide -wide paved paved with with eight - foot it it recommended recommended visors, visors, that that was was the

of of between a a "reconaissance "reconaissance survey survey

lanes -wide -wide traffic traffic vides vides two two foot 12- March, March, to to the the board board of of super- 1952, 1952,

sion sion part Highways, Highways, included included it it as as of of

pro- geometrical geometrical section section The The typical typical Tudor Tudor Accordingly, Accordingly, in in the the Report Report of

neer neer the the Surveys Surveys Divi- and and Plans, Plans, of of

agreed agreed with with the the department's department's

findings.

Highway Design Design of of

Assistant Assistant Obermuller Obermuller Engi- (retired), (retired),

of of San San neering neering Francisco Company Company line.

H. 1928 1928 when when various various J. J. times times since since

bond bond program program and and the the Tudor Tudor Engi- dead- ahead ahead of of the the 20, 20, legal legal 1956, 1956,

well well

at this this study study route route has has been been under under

fice) fice) recommended recommended its its inclusion inclusion in in the April Works Works Director Director on on of of Public Public

construction, in in final final months months of of the the

merly merly the the road road commissioner's commissioner's of- by by contract contract the the State was was accepted accepted

a a excitement contrast contrast to to the the sudden sudden

the the public public works works department department (for- tract tract The date date into into July. July. completion completion

As project project using using area. area. and and serving serving the the

which which its its area area indicated indicated importance, extended extended work work the the con- would would have have

commercial commercial areas, areas, interests as as well well as as

development development and and patterns patterns in in the tional tional trafFic trafFic extra time time granted granted because because of of

the the eastern eastern western western tween tween county and and

this this route route of of of and and winter winter the the addi- knowledge knowledge conditions conditions and and weather weather

travelers travelers residential residential be- valleys, valleys, and and to to

With With the the earlier earlier days days surveys surveys The and and for for studies completion. completion. allowed allowed

central central dustrial dustrial county area area and and the the

15, 15, 1955, 1955, February February working with with 260 260

Included Included in in Program

Bond Bond

in- the the Antioch Antioch between between Pittsburg -

The The contractor contractor on started started

work work

commuters service service in in will will render render to to

Clayton Clayton Valleys. the the contract.

improvement improvement link link stems stems in from from the the

expansive expansive views views tion tion of of awarded of of both both Ygnacio Ygnacio which which and was was Hayward, Hayward,

highway interest interest in in this this new new The The

points points by by present present vantage vantage broad broad Engineering Engineering and that that Corpora- Transocean Transocean

Commuters

Benefit Benefit

fo fo

$547,527.95 5, 5, 1955), 1955), Ridge Ridge from from there there the the lowest lowest are many being being which which

455 455 the the traverses traverses tion tion of of Highways Highways is is feet feet on on where where January Division Division it it Lime to to traffic traffic as as early early as as possible.

(now (now bids bids A A total total Its Its (by highest highest of of 21 21 eleva- inoperative). inoperative). were were received received concerned concerned to to open open it with with the the project project

Cowell Cowell Portland Portland Cement Cement the the Company effort effort extra extra everyone was was made made by by Contra Contra Costa Costa road road net net in in County.

the the property property road road passes passes of through through lic lic works works a a result, result, an department. department. As As included included secondary in in the the federal -aid -aid

southeast southeast The of of the the heart heart of of Concord. Concord. to to pub- engineers engineers of of county county the the the the highway to to the the proposed proposed taken taken have have

and and end end Creek Creek four four miles the the easterly easterly board board of of county county as as well well as supervisors, supervisors, design design rent rent with with was the the work, work, action action

center center miles miles of of Walnut northeast northeast of of the the in in this this project project the was was a a revelation revelation to to Concur- construction construction plans. plans. prepare prepare

Road Road extension extension is is located located about about three new new road, road, the the intense intense public public interest was was Engineer Engineer to of of Martinez, Martinez, retained retained

of of Ygnacio Ygnacio The The Valley westerly westerly end end 1956, 1956, over over when when the traffic traffic was was routed routed T. T. ersed, ersed, Civil and and Norman Norman Rifle, Rifle,

Clayton Clayton Road, Road, a a distance distance of of 4.1 4.1 miles. the the heavy heavy storm storm period period until until April April 12, were were of of the the area area to to be be prepared prepared trav-

tersection tersection of of Pass Pass Road Road and Kirker Kirker rains rains halted halted work. work. From From the the end end of photographs photographs and and topographic topographic maps

alignment alignment with with Road Road the the over over in- new new well well ahead ahead of of the the heavy schedule, schedule, when when 3, 3, at at the the aerial June June 1952, 1952, election, election,

Road Road and and Ygnacio Ygnacio Valley Valley Oak Oak Grove in in completion completion last last December December of of year, 250,000 250,000 voters road road bond bond issue issue by by the the

This This project project had had almost almost reached Following Following approval approval of of $10,- the the the the

to to when when it it would would to to traffic. be be

opened opened

Bond Bond Issue Issue Approved

State State Highway Highway Engineer by by the the denced denced as number number of of inquiries inquiries

G. G. T. T. McCOY exceptional exceptional Project Project public public interest, interest, as as evi- L(2)).

Ygnacio Ygnacio of of the the Valley Valley Road Road Kirker Kirker e~ension e~ension drew e~sting e~sting Pass Pass (Bond expressways expressways a a reality. limited limited access access

corne corne struction struction commonplace. commonplace. the of of approximately approximately However, However, two two miles structive structive has has made made such vision vision that that

with with County County (Bond (Bond as as to to the the Contra Contra Project Project such such Costa Costa L L frequency frequency (1)) (1)) ; ; and and for for the the recon- be- con- County County

due acknowlecPgment acknowlecPgment is is Special Special been been the the steep steep completed completed grades grades in in of of Kirker Kirker Contra Contra Costa Road Pass Pass

IN IN

of of the the addition addition new new a a slow slow highways highways have traffic traffic RECENT RECENT lane lane YeST'S~ YeST'S~ on

Works, Works, W. W. DALTON, DALTON, Contra Contra Costa Costa Public Public By By County C. C. Director Director of of Assistant Assistant

no no reevva er er

Issue Issue Bond Bond Projecf

Costa Costa Contra Contra County A view of the recently completed Ygnacio Valley Road Extension constructed by Contra Costa County as a limited access expressway under fhe Federal Aid Secondary Highway Program and the County Road Bond Issue Program a 6-inch thickness of untreated base sign of future roadway including a Division of Highways and the U. S. material and a 2 %Z -inch thickness of median. Bureau of Public Roads. plant-mix surfacing were used. C. Increased structural strength and fully Some of the major items of work improved shoulders. Comprehensive Program were: 590,000 cubic yards of roadway D. Provision for future. creek and channel Of the 18 major routes or projects excavation, 7.7 miles of fence, 2,800 developments by the flood control selected for improvement under the lineal feet of culvert pipes, 50,000 tons district. bond issue program, work has started of base rock, and 17,000 tons of plant- E. Control of Access. This is one of the nn 13 as of April, 1956. A total of mix surfacing. most important features of this project. 40 contracts are contemplated to com- Sufficient right of way has been ac- Much of this project area is valuable plete all work nn the road bond pro- subdivision and- commercial property quired to provide for future widening gram and of these, 27 contracts are and without access limitations severe of the roadway to four lanes. Much restrictions on capacity and safety under way or have been completed. of the work on this project was per- could be expected within a few years. Before the end of the fiscal year, three formed with provisions for future Adequate traffic service to the area additional major contracts will be widening. by feeder and secondary roads is be- awarded. Total completion of the en- Control of Access ing incorporated in fhe county master tire road bond issue program is ex- Because of the increase in highway plan. pected late in 1957. Contract work complete totals $5,314,000, and the safety and service standards and the Contra Costa County's federal-aid ac- total value committed to date is phenomenal growth of the area, the secondary highway projects have also tual construction of the road exceeds the $7,466,000. been milestones in the progress of the recommendations of the Tudor report. This county has been able to con- The most significant improvements beyond $10,250,000 county road bond issue starting with the improvement of the vert sections of four primary county the report are: roads to limited access freeways dur- right of way Byron Highway as reported in the A. Acquisition of four-lane ing the bond issue program. Portions instead of two-lane. November-December, 1953, issue of B. Provisions for future four lanes by par- this magazine. These FAS projects are of the San Pablo Dam Road between tial construction of a four-lane sec- constructed under a cooperative pro- Orinda and the dam, all of the Cum- tion, widening of structures, and de- gram involving the county, the State .., Continued on page 72 and Public Works 69 ('~~ ~ I e~ j~ /~ Mojave-Barstow Route J ~ v Improvement Completed

By ROBERT M. KELLY, Resident Engineer

A~TO'fHER PORTION Of US 466 118S recently been completed to modern two-lane standards. Situated in the Mojave Desert, between Mojave and Boron on the Mojave-Barstow road, the improvement consisted of eight miles of full grading, 12 miles of widening and the channelization of two intersections, a total distance of 21.7 miles. The total cost of the project was $571,711.48, one of the largest single contracts ever awarded in Dis- trict IX, which has headquarters in Bishop, and is under the direction of District Engineer F. E. Baxter. The history of the formation of this road is typical of all desert roads.. Where one wagon passed, another followed in the same tracks until a trail was formed. The County of Kern did some maintenance work to make the road passable until the route was adopted into the State Highway Sys- tem in 1919. The dirt road continued until 1930 when the state maintenance forces applied a penetration oil treat- ment. The first contract ~cvas let in 1938 when a portion of this road was regraded and surfaced with road- mixed surfacing. The remainder vas improved by contracts in 1947.

Air Force Base In recent years the development of this desert area has increased tremen- UPPER—Secfion of Mojave-Barstow highway before improvemen{. LOWER—Newly completed dously with the establishment of section of desert highway. Edwards Air Force Base at Muroc, midway between Mojave and Boron. snow-capped San Bernardino and day affairs. have increased to a total of The climatic conditions and the wide Sierra Mountains as a backdrop. more than 50 which include: water- expanse of the Mojave Desert make The Pacific Coast Borax Company saftener, cleanser, grease-solvent, deo- this area. ideal for the experimental at Boron has started an extensive re- dorant, preservative and shampoo. type of aircraft operating from this modeling program at their site just Industrial Growth base. Many of the aircraft corpora- north of Boron. The old underground Adding to the industrial growth of tions are establishing major facilities mining system is being replaced by an this area is the recently completed ce- in this area. World vary in depth speed and altitude open pit which will ment plant just west of the town of records have been made by aircraft from 250 to 400 feet. Included in the Mojave. This plant is of the latest operating from these bases. A very development will be new buildings for modern design with an elaborate dust colorful sight in the crystal clear des- processing the raw material. This is collection system designed to prevent ert atmosphere are the many patterns one of the largest deposits of borax any harmful smog condition from. of jet trails across the sky with the in the Country and its uses in every- arising.

70 Califarnia Highways With all of the new activities in the vicinity the colorful town of Mojave has grown considerably from the water stop it was in the early days of the railroad. In addition to being the junction point between the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroads, it is at the cross point of U. S. Highways 6 and 466. With heavy snows occurring on U. S. Routes 40 and 50, US 466 is the route used for eastbound traffic from Central and Northern California. Agriculture and other developments in western Arizona have increased the truck traffic to 15 percent. The area traversed is typically desert mesa at the foot of a low mountain range. The sparse vegetation consists of sagebrush, greasewood, and a spot- ting of Joshua trees.

Projec4 CorrapfeTed in April The contract for the construction was awarded to Harms Brothers, a construction firm of Sacramento. Work was started on September 14, 1955, and completed on April 18, 1956. Although the road was constructed during the winter months the weather was with the contractor and the contract was completed with no unusual delays or shutdowns. The traffic was carried through the construction with little inconvenience and delay al- Desert scene showing section of new highway between Mojave and Boron though the contractor had several operations in progress at all times. To further expedite the traffic these are dry but cloudbursts are not J. Shelden and T. Kelley acted as through the construction, the contrac- uncommon in this desert country re- general superintendent and project tor resorted to watering the imported sulting in capacity flows. Four dip sec- superintendent, respectively, for the borrow in the borrow pits. A rain- tions were constructed at strategic contractor. The State was represented maker system with water supplied by locations to take care of these situa- by J. R. Jarvis, District Construction normal runoff, four 24- nearby wells was used. Test holes tions. For the Engineer, and the author. were made to determine the time inch reinforced concrete pipes were of wetting to give the proper uni- installed at the center of the 750-foot- form moisture content. This method long dip. As the name implies, the pro- LIKES COVER PAGE file of the roadway is dipped in a speeded up the road operation, elimi- SANFORD C. WING, INSURANCE nated the dust nuisance and the delays depressed vertical curve with the Los Angeles 42 the outlet side. to traffic were held to a minimum. pavement sloped to California Highways and Public plant Major quantities involved in the con- The slopes are paved with -mixed Works surfacing from the edge of pavement tract consisted of 255,000 tons im- GENTLE~Err: to a point eight feet below the nat- I consider California ported borrow, 46,000 tons base ma- Highways magazine ural surface of the ground acting as a one of the most terial, and 46,000 tons of plant-mixed interesting of several cutoff wall to prevent undermining for which I sub- surfacing. The contractor produced scribe. The September the roadbed. During heavy runoffs the -October cover the aggregate with a primary and a is especially water, by the roadway design, as di- beautiful and I believe it secondary crusher with a 5,000-pound deserves framing verted to these dip sections where the for permanent pres- 1~Radsen batch plant completing the ervation. Also, roadway has been constructed to I find the descriptions mixing operation. and illustrations withstand the onslaught. Many more of new construction very interesting. DeserT Washes smaller culverts were constructed, an- Several desert washes cross the high- cluding astorm drain system in the Sincerely yours, way at various locations. Normally Town of Mojave. S. C. WirrG end Public Works 71 Canada Officials CAIeLADA LIBCES OUR FREEWQ,YS GE{19ERAL PREMTISS TAKES OVER AS ONTARIO EXECUTIVE VICE PEES. OF ~4RB~A Deparfiment of Highways Study Highways Maj. Gen. Louis W. Prentiss (USA In California TORONTO Z~ ON'T'ARIO Ret.) has assumed his duties as Execu- Calzf ovnia Highways and tive Vice President of the American Four officials of the Ministry of Public Works Road Builders' Association. Highways of the Province of On- good tario, headed by Hon. James N. Allan, GErrTLEMErr: I have had the General Prentiss, who succeeded High- Minister of Highways, were in Sac- fortune to receive Ccxlif ornia General Eugef4e Reybolds (USA ~zuays and Public Woyks for the past ramento in April to study California's Ret.) as ARBA's executive head, has few years. The articles dealing with freeway program. a background of over 35 years of dis- the many phases of highway engi- tinguished military service. He is 56 The Canadian province is just neering have always been most in- years of age and a native of the Dis- launching a large-scale program of formative and interesting. trict of Columbia. He is a graduate controlled access highways. Allen The wonderful aerial views of Cali- engineer of the Colorado School of said many of Ontario's problems of fornia's freeways certainly point out Mines and entered the Army as a sec- route selection and right of wav the rapid modernization of your high- ond lieutenant, field artillery, in 1921. acquisition are similar to those which way system with the views of the After regular Army service he trans- have been faced and solved in Cali- Hollywood-Santa Ana Freeway par- ferred to the corps of engineers in fornia. ticularly fascinating. 1929 and has held increasingly impor- "We have read a good deal about Again, many thanks. tant posts in the corps. The general the progress on your high`vays," he Sincerely, became best known, perhaps, after his added, "and we want to see just how appointment by President Truman, in California plans, manages and finances TOM MAHONY December, 1952, as Engineer-Com- Records these freeways and expressways. In Supervisor, Accident missioner of the District of Columbia. and Administration Ontario, our King's Highways, as He served during 1953 and 1954 in Traffic Engineering, Province they are called, do not go through that capacity and was a popular ad- of Ontario the cities but the provincial govern- ministrative figure in Washington, ment does participate in the financing D. C. He was promoted to major gen- of the connecting links through the Sd4CRAMEIVTO CAiVYON eral by President Eisenhower in 1954. dries." Continued from page 35 .., In December of that year he took Accompanying Alan were: M. A. over command of the Engineer Cen- the steep, blazing, trackless, sun-baked Elson, Deputy Minister of Highways; ter at Ft. Belvoir, Va., and served in hillsides in this same canyon in Au- W. J. Fulton, Director of Planning that post until his Army retirement gust, 1837. and Design; and C. A. Robbins, Di- this week. Try to figure what Young and his rector of Services. chronicler Edwards would say if they The Canadian group conferred with could step into a modern car and Director of Public Worlcs Frank B. An101'HER FEtEEWAY make the canyon trip in about an Continued from page 69 ... Durkee and State Highway Engineer hour in comfort; the same one that G. T. 1~!IcCoy before entering into required about a month of hardship mings Skyway between the Franl~lin three days of conferences. with mem- to negotiate. Canyon Summit of State Highway 4 bers of the Division of Highways and the Crockett Highway, two sec- staff. Most of their attention was Acknowledgment made to "Shasta County" tions of the Pleasant Hill Road be- devoted to the planning and right of by Rosena A. Giles tween Martinez and Lafayette and the way phases of the California high- Ygnacio Valley Road extension are way program. all limited access highways. Qne other Your journal has proved most project, the Loveridge Road inter- helpful to us in keeping abreast of cliange, is within and adjacent to the MAGAZINE !S F9ELPFUL projects in the State which is one of state freeway area. All of these free- our major UNITED STATES duties here. It also helps way designs provide sufficient right of DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR us to foresee a demand for topo- way for future expansion as traffic Geological Survey graphic quadrangles and order our increases. SaN FRANCISCO I I ~ CALIFORNIA sales stock of these maps to meet the expected demand. I am therefore. The resident engineer for the Ygna- MR. E~ZtOY Road KENNETH C. ADANIS~ most grateful for having a place on cio Valley extension was Rab- DE~x Mx. AnnMS: When I received your mailing list. ert S. Latchaw and Harold Hudson your March-April, 1956, edition I was project manager for Transocean could not resist the temptation to Sincerely yours, Engineering Company. Contra Costa write to you at once to compliment JEAN V. MOLLESKOG County Public Works Director is you on the stunning cover. Inquiries Specialist Victor W. Sauer.

72 ~a6ifarnia F~li~ht~~ys GOODWIN J. KNIGHT Governor of California

~pLIFORNIA HIGHWgY COMMISSION (RANK E. DURKEE Director of Public Works and Chairman N. STEPHEN CHASE San Francisc9 JAMES A. GUTHRIE San Bernardino ROBERT E. McCLURE Santa Monica ROBERT L. BISHOP . Santa Rosa FRED W. SPEERS . Escondido CHESTER H. WARLQW, Vice Chairman Fresno C. A. MAGHETTI, Secretary . Davis T. FRED BAGSHAW Assistant Director A. H. HENDERSON . Deputy Director C. M."MAX" GILLISS . Deputy Director

DIVISION OF HIGFIWAYS GEO. T. McCOY Efate Highway Engineer, Chief of Division J. W. VICKREY Deputy State Highway Engineer CHAS. E. WAITE Deputy Efate Highway Engineer EARL WITHYCOMBC Assistant State Highway Engineer F. W. PANHORST Assistant Efate Nighway Engineer J. C. WCMACK . Assistant State Highway Engineer R. H. WILSON Assistant State Highway Engineer F. N. HVEEM Materials and Research Engineer GEORGE F. HELLESOE . Maintenance Engineer J. C. YOUNG Engineer of Design G. M. WEBB Traffic Engineer Engineer MILTON HARRIS Construction OF CONTRACTS AND AdminisTrafive and Fiscal Service H. B. LA FORGE Engineer of Federal Secondary Roads DIVISION C. E. BOVEY .Engineer of City and Cooperative Projects RIGHTS OF WAY EARL W. HAMPTON Assistant State Architect, Administrative EARL E. SORENSON Equipment Engineer Legal H. C. McCARTY Office Engineer ROBERT E. REED . Chief Counsel HENRY R. CROWLE Fiscal Assistant 1. A. LEGARRA . Planning Engineer THOMAS MERET Construction Budgets Architect J. P. MURPHY Principal Highway Engineer GEORGE C. HADLEY Assistant Chief Highway Engineer Assistant Chief WADE 0. HALSTEAD F. M. REYNOLDS Principal HOLLOWAY JONES Principal Estimator of Building Construction E. J. SALDINE Principal Highway Engineer HARRY S. FENTON Assistant Chief A. L. ELLIOTi Bridge Engineer—Planning STANTON WILLARD Principal Architect, Standards !. 0. JAHLSTROM Bridge Engineer—Operations Bridge Engineer—Southern Area Design and Planning Service J, E. McMAHON OF 5AN FRAPDCISCO BAY L. C. HOLLISTER Projects Engineer—Carquinez DIVISION TOLL C~ROSSIiVGS P. T. POAGE E. R. HIGGINS Comptroller Assistant State Architect, Design and Planning Architectural Coordinator Right of Way DeparVmen3 ~~JRMAN C. RAAB Chief of Division ROBERT M. LANDRUM Chief Principal Architect, Sacramento FRANK C. BALFOUR Chief Right of Way Agent BEN BALALA Principal Bridge Engineer ARTHUR F. DUDMAN E. F. WA~iNER . Deputy Chief Right of Way Agent JAMES A. GILLEM Principal Architect, Los Angeles GEORGE S. PINGRY . Assistant Chief CHARLES PETERSON k. S. J. PIANEZZI Assistar~f Chief DIV1500N OF ViiATER R@SOURCES Principal Structural Engineer, Los Angeles E. Assistant Chief M. MacDONALD HARVEY 0. BANKS, State Engineer, Chief of Division CARL A. HENDERLONG Principal Mechanical and Electrical Engineer Distract Iv BERRY Assistant State Engineer WILLIAM L. CLIFFORD L. IVERSON Chief Architectural Draftsman B. W. BOOKER . Assistant Sfafe Highway Engineer Water Resources Im~astigatians, Central Valley Project, Irrigation Districts GIISTAV B. VEHN Supervising Specifications Writer District W8! W. G. SCHULZ Assistant State Engineer, JOHN S. MOORE Supervisor of Special Projects ~. T. TELFORD . Assistant State Highway Engineer Sacramento River Flood Control Project, Su- pervision of Safety of Dams, Sacramento-San Cores#ruction Service District Engineers Joaquin Water Supervision CHARLES M. HERD Chief Construction Engineer ALAN S. HART District I, Eureka L. C. JOPSON . Assistant State Engineer, CHARLES H. BOCKMAN H. S. MILES District II, Redding Water Rights and Water Quality Investigations Assistant fo Chief Construction Engineer J. W. TRASK District III, Marysville MAX BOOKMAN J. P. SiNCLAIR . District IV, San Francisco Principal Hydraulic Engineer, Los Angeles Office AREA CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISORS L. A. WEYMOUTH District IV, San Francisco HENRY HOLSINGER . Principal Attorney V, San Luis Obispo THOMAS M. CURRAN Area I, Oakland A. M. N!~SH District Officer 1~. L. WELCH District VI, Fresno T. R. MERRYWEATHER Administrafiive 1. WILLIAM COOK Area II, Sacramento GEORGE LANGSNER District VII, Las Angeles CLARENCE T. TROOP Area III, Los Angeles LYMAN R. GILLIS District VII, Los Angeles C. V. KANE °eDistricf VIII, San Bernardino DIVISION OF ARCWITECTURE AREA STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS Bishop F. E. BAXTER District IX, BOYD State Architect, Chief of Division SCHOOLHOUSE SECTION District X, Stockton ANSON JOHN G. MEYER Chief Division Area I, San Francisco J. DEKEP1A District XI, San Diego HUBERT S. HUNTER Deputy of MANLEY W. SAHLBERG HOWARD C. WOOD Bridge Engineer ROBERT N1. FORMHALS M. A. EWING Area II, Sacramento State-owned Toll Bridges Administrative Assistant to Stale Architect ERNST MAAG Area III, Los Angeles

h Pl11i¢ll ift CALIFORNIA STATE PRI1~'iING OFFICE _~ ~-3 34]52 4-56 43.600 i SEC. 34.66 P. L. ds Ft. California Highways and Puhlic Works ~~~ j 4~,o'~ e~~.3I -., u. s. poszAGE ~,a 1 I v ~:~ L2 hi"'~.r'y ~ D~v~ 9~ways L-Ja t'~t1~~ I [3 P~o. so~ i ;;S , P A SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA ~~~ ~ g ~. Sacrarneaito, Cal. - ~ Permi4 No. 162 RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED

Fields in bloom near Hollister, San Benito County, on Roufe 22, looking westerly toward San Juan Bautista. Photo by M. R. Iv'ickersor•,, Chief, Photographic Section, Department of Public Works.

_ _ .._ .) d