DOCSLIB.ORG

1897 Earthquake and the Outbreak of Cholera and Kala-Azar in Colonial Assam: a Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1897 Earthquake and the Outbreak of Cholera and Kala-Azar in Colonial Assam: a Study JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 09, 2020 1897 EARTHQUAKE AND THE OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA AND KALA-AZAR IN COLONIAL ASSAM: A STUDY Amar Deka PhD Research Scholar, Department of History, Gauhati University Email ID: [email protected] Received:26 January 2020 Revised and Accepted: 11 April 2020 ABSTRACT: The paper attempts to understand the catalytic role of the great earthquake of 1897 on the outbreak of cholera and transmission of kala-Azar among the natives of Assam. The paper also tries to analyse the responses and disease control measures of the colonial government in the closing years of the nineteenth century. Assam lies in one of the most active seismic zone in the world. This region has been experiencing innumerous earthquake since the time immemorial. On 12th June 1897 this region is struck by an earthquake of great severity with magnitude of about 9.7 on the Richter scale. The earthquake had created a great havoc. A large number of masonry buildings, houses, railways, telegraph lines and other govermnet facilities were converted into heap of ruins. It had tremendous impact on the drainage system of Brahmaputra and Surma- Barak valley. The earthquake with incessant rain was followed by flood in many places. The earthquake had a negative impact on the general health of the people. The rate of transmission of kala-azar increased considerably. Diseaese like cholera, fever and malaria broke out in many places in epidemic form due to dislocation of water supply and sanitation system. KEYWORDS: earthquake, epidemic, kala-azar Cholera, Assam I. INTRODUCTION Human history represents endless struggle with the extreme forces of nature such as flood, draught, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, hurricane, tornado etc. which causes destruction and disaster like situation. Among them, earthquake is one of the most devastating natural catastrophes that the humans have ever witnessed. It comes without warning, whether it is for seconds or minutes, to those who experienced it feels eternal. Earthquake disasters are found to be the second most reported natural disaster (after flood) and the first among the geophysical disaster. The impact of the earthquake may vary according to the power, intensity, geographical localization (high density population) and level of development in the affected region. The direct cause of death in the aftermath of an earthquake is primarily seen as a result of building collapse and traumatic injuries. On many occasions, outbreak of infectious diseases has been reported as the earthquake disaster caused substantial population displacement which leads to formation of unplanned and overcrowded shelters, with limited access to food and safe water. The water supply/sanitation system and the degradation of sanitary conditions caused by the earthquake also resulted to outbreak of diseases.1 Earthquake, in many instances, leads to flooding causes by landslide, collapsing of dams, blocking up river channel with silt and debris. The impact of earthquake on the regime of river, especially on the morphology of the channel, has considerable influence on the flood potential of a region. For example, the erosive power of Brahmaputra along its bank has increased considerably after the Assam earthquake of 1950. Sadia town at the confluence of Dibong and Lohit disappeared in 1953. A major part of the Dibrugarh and Palashbari towns were destroyed in 1954. As a result of the earthquake, extensive landslides occurred in the hill temporarily blocking the course of the Subansiri, Dibang and Dihang. Bursting of these temporary bunds created by the landslides after a few days released enormous amount of impounded water, producing devastating flood downstream. Carrying capacity of Brahmaputra and its tributaries reduced considerably due to heavy loads of sediments on its beds resulted to increased the intensity of flood in the surrounding low lands.2 Flood is the most common among the natural calamities. Immediate injuries and death that resulted from flood disasters are mostly caused by drowning and blunt trauma. After effect of flooding include outbreak of diseases caused by displacement of people into the overcrowded camps and cross contamination of water sources with toxic materials. Flooding is also usually followed by the proliferation of mosquitoes resulting in an upsurge of 3144 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 09, 2020 mosquito-borne diseases like malaria.3 Natural disasters such as earthquake and flood dramatically increase the mortality and morbidity resulting from communicable diseases. The top five causes of death in emergencies and disasters include diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, measles, malnutrition and in epidemic zones, Malaria. In 1991, an earthquake in Costa Rica‟s Atlantic region was accompanied with a high increase in malaria cases. Furthermore, intermittent flo oding associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation has been correlated with malaria epidemics in Peru.4 The paper attempts to understand the Catalytic role of the great earthquake of 1897 on the outbreak of cholera and transmission of kala-Azar among the natives of Assam. The paper also tries to analyse the responses and disease control measures of the colonial government in the closing years of the nineteenth century. II. ASSAM: A DISASTER PRONE REGION Assam has been witnessing innumerous earthquake since time immemorial. This part of Indian subcontinent is situated in one of the most active seismic regions in the world. However, History of earthquake in Assam is limited by dearth of written historical sources as the historians used to focus mainly on political and social events. Earthquake, whether small or big, finds very little mention in their narratives. Yet, available data provides instances of some major earthquake which struck in this region. R.N. Iyenger through his intensive search of records in libraries, archives, archaeological memoirs, records of geological investigations and other sources of history provided a catalogue of eight earthquakes that struck various parts of Assam. The catalogue includes the earthquakes of Garhgaon during the reign of Suklemung alias Garhgaya Raja(1548 AD), Gajala (1596 AD), several earthquakes in Upper-Assam during the reign of king Suramppha alias Bagha Raja (1642 AD), three earthquakes in Upper Assam (April-May, 1649 AD) during the reign of king Jayadhwaj Singha, Kajali near Gauhati (1663 AD), Sadiya (February-August, 1697 AD), Tinkhang and Chraideo Hill (1714 AD), and Rangpur (1759 AD). Garhgaon earthquake as pointed out by Iyenger found mention in the Ahom Buranji which states “In Lakani Tao-Shinga (i.e.in 1548 AD) a vilolent earthquake took place, pebbles, sand and ashes came out bursting the surface of the earth…” Similarly, earthquake in Sadia (February-August, 1697 AD) found mention in the Tunkhungia Buranji (Ed. and Tr. Bhuyan) which records “In the month of Puh 1618, Bandar Phukan of the Chetia family constructed a fort at Puingdang under the orders of the king which took two months. In the same year there was an earthquake which continued for six months in an abortive fashion, from Phagu to Saon. The earth was rent as under at Sadiya, and Magur and Kawai fish appeared in the breaches. As sand and water appeared at that place the side of the hills crumbled down.”5 Assam is also a flood-prone country. Probably, the most common among the natural calamities in Assam is flood. Two great river flows through this region- Brahmaputra and Barak. Various myth and legends are attached to these rivers and is important route for trade and pilgrimage as well as for the invaders like Mughals. Flood caused by these two river system have profound impact on the lives, history and culture of the people living in the region. In Assamese society there is a saying that “Jui, Pani Aru Yuin” fire, water and white termite are the three agent of mass destruction.6 The frequent flood of the region destroy agriculture almost every year and create disaster like situation but at the same time filled their ponds with water and fresh pawn and fertile the region by their rich deposits of silt. Quite evidently, Assam has been a hunting ground of various epidemic and diseases such as malaria, small pox, Cholera, kalazar etc. These diseases have perished thousands of population of Assam. Traditional Assamese bez addressed the disease in in the following words “Khethali parbotor pora voila utpoti” here Khethali parbot means Garo Hills.7 Captain R.B. Pembertson, who was the joint commissioner of Manipur, had termed Assam as as the third most unhealthy place after Araccan and Rangoon.8 Shahibuddin Talish in his account Fathiya-i- Ibriah mentioned about the unhealthy climatic condition of Assam.9 III. IMPACT OF THE EARTHQUAKE ON DRAINAGE SYSTEM On 12th June, 1897 at around 5 P.M. in the afternoon, when most people were probably taking their evening tea, an earthquake of an unprecedented severity struck Assam with magnitude of about 8.7 (an estimate based on record of Milne‟s instrument [Richter 1958]). One of the greatest in the modern history and probably one of the largest in the world, the earthquake was confined not only to Assam and its adjoining areas, numbers of buildings in Calcutta were damaged or partially collapsed, and the tremor was felt up to Ahmadabad and Peshawar. The earthquake severely damaged buildings, houses, roads, bridges, railroads, schools, churches, temples and monuments, government facilities were destroyed, communications interrupted, and about 1,542 people died due to landslides and collapse of houses.10 Apart from the material and live loss, earthquake had a devastating impact on the drainage system of Assam, especially on Brahmaputra and Surma-Barak valley. The earthquake was accompanied by extensive landslips 3145 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 09, 2020 and rock fall on hill slopes, subsidence and fissuring of the valley on ground, increase in river bed, changing of river course and widening of rivers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copyright by Abikal Borah 2015
    Copyright By Abikal Borah 2015 The Report committee for Abikal Borah certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: A Region in a Mobile World: Integration of Southeastern sub-Himalayan Region into the Global Capitalist Economy (1820-1900) Supervisor: ________________________________________ Mark Metzler ________________________________________ James M. Vaughn A Region in a Mobile World: Integration of Southeastern sub-Himalayan Region into the Global Capitalist Economy (1820-1900) By Abikal Borah, M. Phil Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin December, 2015 A Region in a Mobile World: Integration of Southeastern sub-Himalayan Region into the Global Capitalist Economy (1820-1900) By Abikal Borah, M.A. University of Texas at Austin, 2015 Supervisor: Mark Metzler Abstract: This essay considers the history of two commodities, tea in Georgian England and opium in imperial China, with the objective of explaining the connected histories in the Eurasian landmass. It suggests that an exploration of connected histories in the Eurasian landmass can adequately explain the process of integration of southeastern sub-Himalayan region into the global capitalist economy. In doing so, it also brings the historiography of so called “South Asia” and “East Asia” into a dialogue and opens a way to interrogate the narrow historiographical visions produced from area studies lenses. Furthermore, the essay revisits a debate in South Asian historiography that was primarily intended to reject Immanuel Wallerstein’s world system theory. While explaining the historical differences of southeastern sub-Himalayan region with peninsular India, Bengal, and northern India, this essay problematizes the South Asianists’ critiques of Wallerstein’s conceptual model.
    [Show full text]
  • Golaghat ZP-F
    Statement showing Detailed list of community hall and location of AP -wise and GP- wise as per populatation ,2001 FEA (SFC) 26/2012/41 dt. 28.02.2012 Total Sl Name of ZP, APs and Gaon Population as District name List of GP (1st Phash) No Panchayat per census 2001 2011-12 12 3 4 5 ZILLA PARISHAD GOLAGHAT 873924 14 TOTAL ZILLA PARISHAD -I 873924 ANCHALIC PANCHAYAT 1 GOLAGHAT CENTRAL 118546 2 2 GOLAGHAT EAST 88554 1 3 GOLAGHAT NORTH 42349 1 4 GOLAGHAT SOUTH 195854 3 5 GOLAGHAT WEST 179451 3 6 GOMARIGURI 104413 2 7 KAKODONGA 54955 1 8 MORONGI 89802 1 TOTAL ANCHALIC PANCHAYAT -I 873924 14 GOAN PANCHAYAT GOLAGHAT 1 GOLAGHAT CENTRAL AP 1 BETIONI 9201 2 DAKHIN DAKHINHENGERA 9859 3 DAKHIN GURJOGANIA 8457 4 DHEKIAL 8663 5 HABICHOWA 7479 HABICHOWA 6 HAUTOLI 7200 7 KACHUPATHAR 9579 8 KATHALGURI 6543 KATHALGURI 9 KHUMTAI 7269 10 SENSOWA 12492 11 UTTER DAKHINHENGERA 7864 12 UTTER GURJOGANIA 10142 13 UTTER KOMARBONDHA 13798 AP Sub-Total 118546 GOLAGHAT 2 GOLAGHAT EAST AP 14 ATHGAON 6426 15 ATHKHELIA 6983 16 BALIJAN 7892 17 BENGENAKHOWA 7418 18 FURKATING 7274 19 GHILADHARI 10122 20 GOLAGHAT 7257 21 KAMARBANDHA 6678 KAMARBANDHA 22 KOLIAPANI 6265 23 MARKONG 5203 24 OATING 8128 23 12 3 4 5 25 PULIBOR 8908 AP Sub-Total 88554 GOLAGHAT 3 GOLAGHAT NORTH AP 26 MADHYA BRAHMAPUTRA 8091 27 MADHYA MISAMORA 7548 28 PACHIM BRAHMAPUTRA 8895 PACHIM BRAHMAPUTRA 29 PACHIM MISAMORA 8382 30 PUB MISAMORA 9433 AP Sub-Total 42349 GOLAGHAT 4 GOLAGHAT SOUTH AP 31 CHUNGAJAN 13943 32 CHUNGAJAN MAZGAON 5923 33 CHUNGAJAN MIKIR VILLAGES 7401 34 GANDHKOROI 10847 35 GELABIL 12224 36
    [Show full text]
  • The Proposed New Syllabus of History for the B
    Page 1 of 45 B.A. (GENERAL) PROGRAMME HISTORY (HISG) SCHEME OF COURSES (Each Course shall carry 100 marks, which shall be distributed as End Semester=80 and Internal Assessment=20. Courses are so planned that each of these will require 45- 50 classes of 45 minutes duration.) Semester –I 1. HISG- 101 : HISTORY OF ASSAM: 1228 –1826 – Marks= 100 (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) Semester –II 2. HISG - 201 : HISTORY OF ASSAM: 1826 – 1947 (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) Semester-III 3. HISG-301 : HISTORY OF EUROPE: 1453-1815 (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) Semester-IV 4. HISG-401: HISTORY OF INDIA FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 1526 (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) Semester-V 5. HISG-501 : HISTORY OF INDIA: 1526 - 1947 (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) Semester-VI HISG-601 : (OPTIONAL - I) : HISTORY OF ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) (OPTIONAL – II) : WOMEN IN INDIAN HISTORY (End Semester: 80+Internal Assessment=20) *** Page 2 of 45 HISG – 101 End- Semester Marks : 80 In- Semester Marks : 20 HISTORY OF ASSAM: 1228 –1826 Total Marks : 100 10 to 12 classes per unit Objective: The objective of this paper is to give a general outline of the history of Assam from the 13th century to the occupation of Assam by the English East India Company in the first quarter of the 19th century. It aims to acquaint the students with the major stages of developments in the political, social and cultural history of the state during the medieval times. Unit-1: Marks: 16 1.01 : Sources- archaeological, epigraphic, literary, numismatic and accounts of the foreign travelers 1.02 : Political conditions of the Brahmaputra valley at the time of foundation of the Ahom kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Summary of the Project M/S M.P. Agarwalla, Near Bokakhat Chariali
    Brief summary of the project M/s M.P. Agarwalla, Near Bokakhat Chariali, Bokakhat – 785612, Assam, proposes to open a stone quarry in the Balijanpi Langso Inglong chedon Anglong area against a “Lease Agreement” Near Mohang Kirong Village, P.O. Silonijan, P.S. Silonijan, Karbi Anglong District, Assam, under Northeastern Range, Silonijan of Karbi Anglong East Division, Diphu, Karbi Anglong District, Assam for production of stone to meet up the local demand of stones for PWD constructions as per the requisition letter of Executive Engineer, PWD Golaghat NH Division, Golaghat vide letter No. NH/Com/141/10 Dated 05/03/2019. This is a Mining Contract proposed to award to M/s M.P. Agarwalla for two years, as proposed by the competent authority, the Department of Environment and Forest, Government of Assam. The location of the quarry site as has been recommended by the Department of Environment and Forest, Government of Assam to issue the Mining Contract is in Balijanpi Langso Inglong chedon Anglong, Mohang Kirong Village, P.O. Silonijan, P.S. Silonijan, Karbi Anglong District, Assam, for collection of stone. The location of the quarry site is close to National Highway 39, which is about 7 KM away from the Quarry site, connected by a motorable road. The proposed quarry site is free from human habitation for a radius of more than 1 Km. The proposed quarry site is under the jurisdiction of Northeastern Range, Silonijan of Karbi Anglong East Division, Diphu, Karbi Anglong District, Assam. The area is of 3 Hectares with exposed rock formations and degraded forested area.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Education in Colonial Assam As Reflected in Contemporary Archival and Literary Records Chiranjib Dahal
    SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 8 Issue 3, 80-86, May-June, 2021 ISSN: 2394 – 2703 /doi:10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V8I3P112 © 2021 Seventh Sense Research Group® Women Education in Colonial Assam as Reflected In Contemporary Archival And Literary Records Chiranjib Dahal Assistant Professor, Department of History, J.D.S.G. College, Bokakhat Dist.: Golaghat, State: Assam, Country: India 785612 Received Date: 15 May 2021 Revised Date: 21 June 2021 Accepted Date: 03 July 2021 Abstract - The present paper makes an attempt to trace the which can be inferred from literacy rate from 0.2 % in genesis and development of women’s education in colonial 1882 to 6% only in 1947(Kochhar,2009:225). It reveals Assam and its contribution to their changing status and that for centuries higher education for women has been aspirations. The contribution of the native elites in the neglected and the report University Education Commission process of the development of women education; and 1948 exposed that they were against women education. In social perception towards women education as reflected in their recommendation they wrote “women’s present the contemporary periodicals are some other areas of this education is entirely irrelevant to the life they have to lead. study. Educational development in Assam during the It is not only a waste but often a definite disability” colonial rule has generally been viewed by educational (University Education Commission Report, Government of historians to be the work of British rulers who introduced India, 1948-49). Educational development in Assam a system of education with the hidden agenda of initiating during the colonial rule has generally been viewed by a process of socialization.
    [Show full text]
  • Event, Memory and Lore: Anecdotal History of Partition in Assam
    ISSN. 0972 - 8406 61 The NEHU Journal, Vol XII, No. 2, July - December 2014, pp. 61-76 Event, Memory and Lore: Anecdotal History of Partition in Assam BINAYAK DUTTA * Abstract Political history of Partition of India in 1947 is well-documented by historians. However, the grass root politics and and the ‘victim- hood’ of a number of communities affected by the Partition are still not fully explored. The scholarly moves to write alternative History based on individual memory and family experience, aided by the technological revolution have opened up multiple narratives of the partition of Assam and its aftermath. Here in northeast India the Partition is not just a History, but a lived story, which registers its presence in contemporary politics through songs, poems, rhymes and anecdotes related to transfer of power in Assam. These have remained hidden from mainstream partition scholarship. This paper seeks to attempt an anecdotal history of the partition in Assam and the Sylhet Referendum, which was a part of this Partition process . Keywords : sylhet, partition, referendum, muslim league, congress. Introduction HVSLWHWKHSDVVDJHRIPRUHWKDQVL[W\¿YH\HDUVVLQFHWKHSDUWLWLRQ of India, the politics that Partition generated continues to be Dalive in Assam even today. Although the partition continues to be relevant to Assam to this day, it remains a marginally researched area within India’s Partition historiography. In recent years there have been some attempts to engage with it 1, but the study of the Sylhet Referendum, the event around which partition in Assam was constructed, has primarily been treated from the perspective of political history and refugee studies. 2 ,W LV WLPH +LVWRU\ ZULWLQJ PRYHG EH\RQG WKH FRQ¿QHV RI political history.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Structure, Discipline, and Labour in Assam Tea Plantations Under Colonial Rule
    IRSH 51 (2006), Supplement, pp. 143–172 DOI: 10.1017/S0020859006002641 # 2006 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Power Structure, Discipline, and Labour in Assam Tea Plantations under Colonial Rule Rana P. Behal The tea industry, from the 1840s onwards the earliest commercial enterprise established by private British capital in the Assam Valley, had been the major employer of wage labour there during colonial rule. It grew spectacularly during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, when tea production increased from 6,000,000 lb in 1872 to 75,000,000 lb in 1900 and the area under tea cultivation expanded from 27,000 acres to 204,000 acres.1 Employment of labour in the Assam Valley tea plantations increased from 107,847 in 1885 to 247,760 in 1900,2 and the industry continued to grow during the first half of the twentieth century. At the end of colonial rule the Assam Valley tea plantations employed nearly half a million labourers out of a labour population of more than three-quarters of a million, and more than 300,000 acres were under tea cultivation out of a total area of a million acres controlled by the tea companies.3 This impressive expansion and the growth of the Assam Valley tea industry took place within the monopolistic control of British capital in Assam. An analysis of the list of companies shows that in 1942 84 per cent of tea estates with 89 per cent of the acreage in the Assam Valley were controlled by the European managing agency houses.4 Throughout India, thirteen leading agency houses of Calcutta controlled over 75 per cent of total tea production in 1939.5 Elsewhere I have shown that the tea companies reaped profits over a long time despite fluctuating international prices and slumps.6 One of the most notable features of the Assam Valley tea plantations was that, unlike in the cases of most of the other major industries such as jute, textiles, and mining in British India, it never suffered from a complete 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperialism, Geology and Petroleum: History of Oil in Colonial Assam
    SPECIAL ARTICLE Imperialism, Geology and Petroleum: History of Oil in Colonial Assam Arupjyoti Saikia In the last quarter of the 19th century, Assam’s oilfields Assam has not escaped the fate of the newly opened regions of having its mineral resources spoken of in the most extravagant and unfounded became part of the larger global petroleum economy manner with the exception of coal. and thus played a key role in the British imperial – H B Medlicott, Geological Survey of India economy. After decolonisation, the oilfields not only he discovery of petroleum in British North East India (NE) turned out to be the subject of intense competition in a began with the onset of amateur geological exploration of regional economy, they also came to be identified with Tthe region since the 1820s. Like tea plantations, explora­ tion of petroleum also attracted international capital. Since the the rights of the community, threatening the federal last quarter of the 19th century, with the arrival of global techno­ structure and India’s development paradigm. This paper logy, the region’s petroleum fields became part of a larger global is an attempt to locate the history of Assam’s oil in the petroleum economy, and, gradually, commercial exploration of large imperial, global and national political economy. petroleum became a reality. It was a time when geologists had not yet succeeded in shaping an understanding of the science of It re-examines the science and polity of petroleum oil and its commercial possibilities. Over the next century, the exploration in colonial Assam. Assam oilfields played a key role in the British imperial economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Empire's Garden: Assam and the Making of India
    A book in the series Radical Perspectives a radical history review book series Series editors: Daniel J. Walkowitz, New York University Barbara Weinstein, New York University History, as radical historians have long observed, cannot be severed from authorial subjectivity, indeed from politics. Political concerns animate the questions we ask, the subjects on which we write. For over thirty years the Radical History Review has led in nurturing and advancing politically engaged historical research. Radical Perspec- tives seeks to further the journal’s mission: any author wishing to be in the series makes a self-conscious decision to associate her or his work with a radical perspective. To be sure, many of us are currently struggling with the issue of what it means to be a radical historian in the early twenty-first century, and this series is intended to provide some signposts for what we would judge to be radical history. It will o√er innovative ways of telling stories from multiple perspectives; comparative, transnational, and global histories that transcend con- ventional boundaries of region and nation; works that elaborate on the implications of the postcolonial move to ‘‘provincialize Eu- rope’’; studies of the public in and of the past, including those that consider the commodification of the past; histories that explore the intersection of identities such as gender, race, class and sexuality with an eye to their political implications and complications. Above all, this book series seeks to create an important intellectual space and discursive community to explore the very issue of what con- stitutes radical history. Within this context, some of the books pub- lished in the series may privilege alternative and oppositional politi- cal cultures, but all will be concerned with the way power is con- stituted, contested, used, and abused.
    [Show full text]
  • History of North East India (1228 to 1947)
    HISTORY OF NORTH EAST INDIA (1228 TO 1947) BA [History] First Year RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA - 791 112 BOARD OF STUDIES 1. Dr. A R Parhi, Head Chairman Department of English Rajiv Gandhi University 2. ************* Member 3. **************** Member 4. Dr. Ashan Riddi, Director, IDE Member Secretary Copyright © Reserved, 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher. “Information contained in this book has been published by Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, IDE—Rajiv Gandhi University, the publishers and its Authors shall be in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use” Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT LTD E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: 7361, Ravindra Mansion, Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055 Website: www.vikaspublishing.com Email: [email protected] About the University Rajiv Gandhi University (formerly Arunachal University) is a premier institution for higher education in the state of Arunachal Pradesh and has completed twenty-five years of its existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Science (Diphu)
    Data on Mentors-Maintees of the Department of Political Science, Assam University Diphu Campus Name of Mentor: Dr. Niranjan Mohapatra Course No. 405 (Project Work) of the P.G Syllabus, Period: May-2017 SERIAL NAME OF THE STUDENT DISSERTION TOPIC NO 1 Buddhoram Ronghang Karbi Society and Culture : Case Study taralangso 2 Hunmily Kropi Social Status of Karbi: Women: A Case Study of Plimplam Langso Village, Diphu 3 Happy Gogoi Impact of Mid Day Meal on Lower Primary Schools: A Case Study in Selenghat Block Area of Jorhat District 4 Porismita Borah The Functioning of Janani Surakha Yojana 5 Dibyamohan Gogoi Student’s issue: A Case Study of Assam University, Diphu Campus 6 Rishi Kesh Gogoi A Case Study on Lack of Proper Infrastructer in Assam University, Diphu Campus 7 Rustom Rongphar Importance of Bamboo in Karbi Society 8 Mirdan rongchohonpi The Social Status of Women in Karbi Society 9 Birkhang Narzary Domestic Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Rongchingbar Village , Diphu 10 Monjit Timungpi Health Awareness Among the karbi Women: A Case Study of Serlong Village of Karbi Anglong District, Assam 11 Krishna Borah Socio- Economic Condition of Women in Tea Graden: A Case Study of Monabari Tea Estate of Biswanath District of Assam 12 Achyut Chandra Borah Student’s Issue: A Case Study of Assam University, Diphu Campus 13 Jita Engti Katharpi Women Empowerment Through Self Help Group: A Case Study Under Koilamati Karbianglong District , Assam 14 Dipika Das Role of Self Help Group As A Tool For Empowerment of Women: A Case Study of Uttar Barbill
    [Show full text]
  • The Pattern of Flow and Utilisation of Funds by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council in Assam
    EVALUATION STUDY ON THE PATTERN OF FLOW AND UTILISATION OF FUNDS BY THE KARBI ANGLONG AUTONOMOUS COUNCIL IN ASSAM Sponsored by the Planning Commission Govt. of India K.P. KUMARAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT NORTH EASTERN REGIONAL CENTRE NIRD LANE NH-37 JAWAHARNAGAR, KHANAPARA GUWAHATI – 781 022 2003 2 CONTENTS Chapter Title Page I INTRODUCTION 1-7 • Methodology • Study Area • Karbi Anglong • Population • BPL Family • Economy II STRUCTURE OF THE DISTRICT COUNCIL : 8-14 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP AND DELIVERY MECHANISM • Official Body • Elected Body • Legislative Powers • Executive Powers • Financial Powers • Village Committee • Flow of fund and delivery mechanism III REVENUE GENERATED AND FLOW OF FUND TO THE 15-31 COUNCIL • Revenue generated by the council • Pattern of allocation and utilization of grant in Aid • Allocation of grant in aid: Sector Wise • Sector wise allocation (Distribution of plan + non plan funds) IV FLOW OF GRANT IN AID TO THE SECTORAL 32-42 DEVELOPMENTS AND ITS UTILIZATION • Departments under production sector • Departments under social sector • Departments under infrastructure sector • Problems encountered by the sectoral departments V IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES BY 43-50 THE SECTORAL DEPARTMENT • Community based scheme • Individual oriented scheme • Beneficiary oriented scheme • Scheme relating to training • Summary and Conclusion 3 VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 51-62 • Structure of the District council and delivery mechanism • Flow of fund and delivery mechanism • Revenue generated by the council • Patterns of allocation and utilization of grant in Aid • Flow of grant in Aid to sectoral department and its utilisation • Implementation of development schemes by sectoral departments • Recommendations LIST OF TABLES Sl.No Title of the Tables Page no.
    [Show full text]