The Case of Writers of Greek Cypriot Descent in Australia
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The Gordian Knot: American and British Policy Concerning the Cyprus Issue: 1952-1974
THE GORDIAN KNOT: AMERICAN AND BRITISH POLICY CONCERNING THE CYPRUS ISSUE: 1952-1974 Michael M. Carver A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2006 Committee: Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor Dr. Gary R. Hess ii ABSTRACT Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor This study examines the role of both the United States and Great Britain during a series of crises that plagued Cyprus from the mid 1950s until the 1974 invasion by Turkey that led to the takeover of approximately one-third of the island and its partition. Initially an ancient Greek colony, Cyprus was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th century, which allowed the native peoples to take part in the island’s governance. But the idea of Cyprus’ reunification with the Greek mainland, known as enosis, remained a significant tenet to most Greek-Cypriots. The movement to make enosis a reality gained strength following the island’s occupation in 1878 by Great Britain. Cyprus was integrated into the British imperialist agenda until the end of the Second World War when American and Soviet hegemony supplanted European colonialism. Beginning in 1955, Cyprus became a battleground between British officials and terrorists of the pro-enosis EOKA group until 1959 when the independence of Cyprus was negotiated between Britain and the governments of Greece and Turkey. The United States remained largely absent during this period, but during the 1960s and 1970s came to play an increasingly assertive role whenever intercommunal fighting between the Greek and Turkish-Cypriot populations threatened to spill over into Greece and Turkey, and endanger the southeastern flank of NATO. -
Island Studies Journal, Vol.7, No. 1, 2012, Pp. 19-48 of Hubs And
Island Studies Journal , Vol.7, No. 1, 2012, pp. 19-48 Of Hubs and Hinterlands: Cyprus as an Insular Space of Overlapping Diasporas Janine Teerling Sussex Centre for Migration Research University of Sussex United Kingdom [email protected] and Russell King Sussex Centre for Migration Research University of Sussex United Kingdom [email protected] ABSTRACT : This paper uses the metaphor of diasporic hubs and hinterlands to document and analyse the various diasporic formations that overlap and encounter each other on the divided island of Cyprus. After a review of the various ways that islands interface with migration processes and some essential historical and statistical background on Cyprus and its population, the paper considers a number of migrations/diasporas that are based on or affect the island. They include the emigration from the diasporic hub of Cyprus during the 1950s-1970s; return migration, both of the original emigrants and their descendants; the British military/colonial settlement of Cyprus; retirees and ‘lifestyle migrants’; and various categories of recent immigrants, for whom Cyprus is a diasporic hinterland. We draw both similarities and differences between migratory dynamics in the northern, Turkish Cypriot part of the island and the southern, Greek Cypriot part. In the final part of the paper we describe recent fieldwork on various spaces of inter-diasporic encounter in Cyprus. Keywords: Cyprus; diaspora; inter-migrant encounter; migration; partition; return migration. © 2012 Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada Introduction Fifty years ago, Lowenthal and Comitas (1962) wrote an intriguing paper in the Geographical Review on ‘neglected aspects’ of emigration and depopulation within the field of population geography. -
The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1998 The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity Elena Koumna Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Koumna, Elena, "The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity" (1998). Master's Theses. 3888. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3888 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ORIGINS OF GREEK CYPRIOT NATIONAL IDENTITY by Elena Koumna A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1998 Copyrightby Elena Koumna 1998 To all those who never stop seeking more knowledge ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis could have never been written without the support of several people. First, I would like to thank my chair and mentor, Dr. Jim Butterfield, who patiently guided me through this challenging process. Without his initial encouragement and guidance to pursue the arguments examined here, this thesis would not have materialized. He helped me clarify and organize my thoughts at a time when my own determination to examine Greek Cypriot identity was coupled with many obstacles. His continuing support and most enlightening feedbackduring the writing of the thesis allowed me to deal with the emotional and content issues that surfaced repeatedly. -
Step-Mothertongue: from Nationalism to Multiculturalism the Literatures of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey
Step-Mothertongue: From Nationalism to Multiculturalism the Literatures of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey Edited by Mehmet Yasın Middlesex University Press, (London,’ 2000) 207 pp. This is a most important publication examining the national and cultural identities of Greeks, Turks, and Cypriots through their literatures. Step-Mothertongue aims to draw attention to the cross-cultural and multicultural traditions through a comparative analysis of the literature and literary traditions of Greece, Turkey and particularly of Cyprus. Step-Mothertongue is timely because it approaches nationalism from a socio-cultural and literary-historical framework, rather than a traditional ethnic identity agenda. The articles in this publication were originally presented at a conference at Middlesex University on 12-13 December 1997, which aimed to build a body of work around the critique of nationalisms in the literature of Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. There are eight articles, an interview of Vamik Volkan by Yael Navaro-Yasın, and an after word by Djemal Kadir. Seven of the eight articles are separated’ into two sections, and a section of Cypriot poetry divides them. The first section titled “National Literatures in a Global Era” comprises four articles. The first article, by Gregory Jusdanis, Ohio State University, questions the absence of contemporary Greek literature from the branch of Western European literature. Twenty years ago critics considered it highly, but the supremacy of Western literary discourses within global literature and the dominance of the English language, have made contemporary Greek literature (and others written in the non- English tongue) a “stranger at the feast”. Jusdanis also argues that the lack of a contemporary Greek literary intelligentsia sophisticated enough to reorient Greek society and deconstruct the mainstream nationalist identity is also to blame, but he fails to answer why such an intelligentsia does not exist. -
The Case of Cyprus*
Perceptions of difference in the Greek sphere The case of Cyprus* Marina Terkourafi University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Cypriot Greek has been cited as “the last surviving Modern Greek dialect” (Con- tossopoulos 1969:92, 2000:21), and differences between it and Standard Modern Greek are often seen as seriously disruptive of communication by Mainland and Cypriot Greeks alike. This paper attempts an anatomy of the linguistic ‘differ- ence’ of the Cypriot variety of Greek. By placing this in the wider context of the history of Cypriot Greek, the study and current state of other Modern Greek dia- lects, and state and national ideology in the two countries, Greece and Cyprus, it is possible to identify both diachronic and synchronic, as well as structural and ideological factors as constitutive of this difference. Keywords: Modern Greek dialects, language attitudes, ideology, identity, Cypriot Greek 1. Introduction: Gauging the difference A question frequently asked of the linguist who studies the Cypriot variety of Greek is “Why is Cypriot Greek so different?”1 The sheer phrasing of this question betrays some of its implicit assumptions: ‘different’ being a two-place predicate, the designation of Cypriot Greek as ‘different’ points to the existence of a second term to which Cypriot Greek is being implicitly compared. This second term is, of course, Standard Modern Greek (henceforth SMG), which, nevertheless, being ‘Standard,’ also represents the norm — or, if you prefer, the yardstick — by which divergences are measured. As Matsuda (1991, cited in Lippi Green 1997:59) points out, “[w]hen the parties are in a relationship of domination and subordination, we tend to say that the dominant is normal, and the subordinate is different from normal” (emphasis added). -
Cypriot English Literature: a Stranger at the Feast Locally and Globally
Kunapipi Volume 33 Issue 1 Article 9 2011 Cypriot english literature: A stranger at the feast locally and globally Marios Vasiliou Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Vasiliou, Marios, Cypriot english literature: A stranger at the feast locally and globally, Kunapipi, 33(1), 2011. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol33/iss1/9 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Cypriot english literature: A stranger at the feast locally and globally Abstract My focus in this essay revolves around a corpus of literature written by Cypriots in English that has yet to define itself either as a hyphened branch of a national literature or as a minor independent category. So from the outset, my paper has a twofold task: firstly, to draw attention to the paradoxical position of Cypriot English writers who remain outside the literary feast both at home and abroad; and secondly, to explore the literary vicissitudes of some works of this corpus, and to examine how their minor position locally in relation to the dominant literatures in Greek and Turkish, and internationally in relation to global English — a position that Deleuze and Guattari (1986) describe as ‘minor literature’— has engendered syncretic aesthetics. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol33/iss1/9 83 MARIoS VASILIou cypriot English Literature: A Stranger at the Feast Locally and Globally My focus in this essay revolves around a corpus of literature written by Cypriots in English that has yet to define itself either as a hyphened branch of a national literature or as a minor independent category. -
Greek Cypriot Media Consumption and Ethnic Identity Formations in North London
Myria Georgiou Media and Communication Programme Department of Sociology London School of Economics and Political Science University of London Negotiated Uses, Contested Meanings, Changing Identities: Greek Cypriot Media Consumption and Ethnic Identity Formations in North London (Thesis submitted for the award of PhD in Media and Communication) 1 UMI Number: U615197 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615197 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 O F ^ POLITICAL AMD 7Ufk>2GL{ Abstract A large number of Greek Cypriots live in North London, where the sense of belonging in an ethnic community is daily and actively renewed through multiple mechanisms of participation and multileveled communication. A variety of ethnic media, which people consume in everyday life, have their role . in the processes of (re)invention and (re)construction of British Greek Cypriot ethnic identities that depend, at the same time, on immediate and mediated experiences in and of the country of origin, the locality and the diaspora. These three spaces - the country of origin, the locality and the diaspora - come together in a meeting point of the virtual and the real, through electronic media. -
Teuxos 2 2007
2_2007_ EXOFYLLO.qxd 30-11-07 09:55 ™ÂÏ›‰·1 2 ETUDES HELLENIQUES HELLENIC STUDIES A Tribute to Cypriot Literature Hommage à la littérature chypriote Edited by / Sous la direction de Lefteris Papaleontiou With associate editor / Avec la collaboration de Stephanos Constantinides Contributors / Contributions de Louiza Christodoulidou Yiannis Katsouris Stephanos Constantinides Yiorgos Lyssiotis Andri H. Constantinou Elsi Mathiopoulou Leonidas Galazis Yiorgos Moleskis Evripides Garantoudes George K. Myaris Christos Hadjiathanasiou Costas Nicolaides Maria Herodotou Lefteris Papaleontiou Yiannis E. Ioannou George Papantonakis ETUDES HELLENIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES Kyriakos Ioannou Savvas Pavlou Maria Kallousia Elli Philokyprou George Kanarakis Theodosis Pylarinos Tassos A. Kaplanis Costas Vassileiou Matthias Kappler Lefkios Zafeiriou Alexis Ziras Volume 15, No. 2, Autumn / Automne 2007 2 2007 ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES Études Helléniques / Hellenic Studies DIRECTEURS / EDITORS Stephanos CONSTANTINIDES Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research Canada-KEEK Michael DAMANAKIS University of Crete - Greece Panayotis TSAKONAS University of the Aegean - Greece ÉDITEUR EXTERNE / EXTERNAL EDITOR Kathryn RADFORD McGill University - Canada COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION / EDITORIAL BOARD Paris ARNOPOULOS Concordia University (Canada) Jacques BOUCHARD Université de Montréal (Canada) Jean CATSIAPIS Université de Paris X (France) Georgia CATSIMALI University of Crete (Greece) Peter CHIMBOS University of Western Ontario (Canada) Dimitri CONSTAS Panteion University -
“THEY TEACH US to HATE EACH OTHER” a Study on Social Impediments for Peace-Building Interaction Between Young Cypriot Women
UMEÅ UNIVERSITY Umeå Centre for Gender Studies “THEY TEACH US TO HATE EACH OTHER” A Study on Social Impediments for Peace-Building Interaction Between Young Cypriot Women Linnéa Frändå Magister Thesis in Gender Studies Spring 2017 Advisor: Liselotte Eriksson Linnéa Frändå ABSTRACT The yet unresolved interethnic conflict on the island of Cyprus known as the ‘Cyprus Problem’ is one of the longest persisting conflicts in the world stretching over five decades. The conflict is between the Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots and has consequently divided the Island into a Greek-Cypriot administrated southern part, and a Turkish-Cypriot administrated northern part. Despite the opening of the borders in 2003, which granted permission to cross over to each side, studies show that the peace-building interaction between the younger generations remains limited. Through in-depth interviews with ten young Cypriot women, the thesis analyses social factors impeding the interaction across the divide and provide an understanding of the women’s perception of peace in Cyprus. The politicisation of the construction of belonging continues to disconnect the women from a shared Cypriot identity and hence impedes interaction across the divide. Further, the context of the negotiations has created a stalemate on peace-building interaction for many of the women and had a negative impact on their views on politics in general. The study reaffirms that women’s political involvement is essential to bring about peace and reconciliation in Cyprus. Keywords: Cyprus, conflict, identity, politics of belonging, women, peace 2 Linnéa Frändå TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................... 6 Ethnic conflict through a gendered lens ......................................................................................... -
In Cypriot Legends As Cultural Heritage: the Mountain/Well/Plain, and the Sea/Lake/Shore Themed Cypriot Legends
EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education ISSN: 1305-8223 (online) 1305-8215 (print) OPEN ACCESS 2017 13(11):7441-7455 DOI: 10.12973/ejmste/79798 Visualisation of the “Denouements” in Cypriot Legends as Cultural Heritage: The Mountain/Well/Plain, and the Sea/Lake/Shore Themed Cypriot Legends Gürkan Gökaşan 1*, Erdal Aygenç 1 1 Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Near East University, Nicosia, N. CYPRUS Received 19 September 2017 ▪ Revised 29 September 2017 ▪ Accepted 23 October 2017 ABSTRACT Legends as a part of intangible culture are known to provide information on their own culture as well as the perception structure of society. From our perspective, the legends, which can be taken into consideration from that dimension, would allow the interpretation of the personality of society in general through the expression and representation of their ‘consequences’. The aim of this study is to understand the cultural structure over the written legends as a cultural heritage product in addition to illustrate the community perception in the most effective and efficient manner. Therefore, critical text analysis was conducted on the written legends and the representation style of every consequence in each legend was analysed. Additionally, in order to contribute the permanence the legends through illustration, the related scenes of the legends were re-structured with the digital collage technique. A mixed method comprised of “ready material use” by Cubism, “exaggerated style” by Dadaism, “manipulation” by Surrealism and “use of neon colours” of pop-Art in addition to the technique ‘ripped paper texture’ which is developed solely by one of three searchers were used in this study. -
The Greek Diaspora in a Globalised World
PART 3 Culture & Identity George Kanarakis Charles Sturt University The Greek diaspora in a globalised world Abstract The term diaspora, carrying a sense of displacement as a result of emigration, has become a key word in today’s globalised world and it represents, semantically and conceptually, a quite complex and fluid notion. Especially in post-World War II times it has experienced more expansion and in the past two decades it has proliferated in a range of directions to accommodate political, cultural and even interdisciplinary agendas. Within this context, the present article aims at providing a cohesive account of the dynamics of the Greek diaspora, both as a historical and immigrant phenomenon. For a comprehensive picture, this article reflects on the energy, character, demographic situation, causes and community organisations of the Greek diaspora in its transnational frame of reference. Preamble The term diaspora, like that of migration, has become a key word in today’s globalized society. It originated in Hellenistic times, with its earliest usages encountered in the Septuagint with reference to the Jewish diaspora (Deuteronomy ch. XXVIII, line 25, Jeremiah, XV: 7, Psalms, 147: 2 etc.) after the translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek, but also later, as in the end of the first century AD in John’s gospel (VII: 35) and Plutarch’s Moralia (II: 1105A). The first recorded use in the English language of this term appeared much later in 1876, with reference to the ‘[Moravian body’s] extensive 293 Culture & Identity PART 3 diaspora work (as it is termed) of evangelizing among the National Protestant Churches on the continent’ (‘diaspora’ in the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, Vol. -
Impediments to the Solution of the Cyprus Problem by Glafcos Clerides
Addressing the Future Impediments to the Solution of the Cyprus Problem by Glafcos Clerides Glafcos Clerides was born in Nicosia, Cyprus, in 1919. He volunteered for the British Royal Air Force in World War II. After his airplane was shot down over Germany in 1942, he remained a prisoner until the end of the war. He received his L.L.B. degree from King’s College, University of Lon- don, in 1948. Among the positions he has held are president of the Cyprus Red Cross, leader of the Democratic Rally Party, and head of numerous delegations addressing the Cyprus problem. He was elected president of the Republic of Cyprus in 1993 and reelected in 1998. He addressed the Se- ton Hall University community on September 24, 1999. At the outset, I would like to say to the students of the School of Diplomacy who I met today—don’t be disappointed because you will hear how difficult it is to solve a simple problem. In order to grasp the meaning and the difficulties we face in trying to solve the Cyprus problem, I should give you a very short background of how it came about. Then I will tell you about the situation: the difficulties that were created by military operations and by the invasion of Cyprus. And finally, I will try to give you my feel- ings about the future and how the problem could be solved. Cyprus has a very strategic position in the eastern Mediterranean. Most nations from Europe who wanted to conquer Africa or Asia stepped over Cyprus, and most Asian nations who wanted to conquer European countries, again, stepped over Cy- prus.