An Emendation of the Genus Hyaloscypha to Include Fuscoscypha (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycotina)
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Karstenia 49: 1–17, 2009 An emendation of the genus Hyaloscypha to include Fuscoscypha (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycotina) HANS-OTTO BARAL, JACQUES R. DE SLOOVER, SEPPO HUHTINEN, TOMI LAUKKA and SOILI STENROOS BARAL, H.-O., DE SLOOVER, J. R., HUHTINEN, S., LAUKKA, T. & STENROOS, S. 2009: An emendation of the genus Hyaloscypha to include Fuscoscypha (Hyaloscy- phaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycotina). – Karstenia 49: 1–17. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. The monotypic genus Fuscoscypha possesses hairs similar as in the genus Hyaloscy- pha but differs by grey-olivaceous-brown apothecia with short dark stipes. Molecular data proves that the pigmentation does not permit delimitation of a separate genus, as white and brown taxa do not form separate clades. Followingly, Fuscoscypha is here considered to be a synonym of Hyaloscypha. Three of the here treated four species have an olivaceous-brown excipulum. Two are saprophytes on decaying leaves and fruits of angiosperms: F. acicularum, the type species of Fuscoscypha, and Hyaloscypha fus- costipitata comb. nov. (formerly placed in Betulina). Two are biotrophic parasites on Bryophyta: Hyaloscypha hepaticola comb. nov. (formerly placed in Trichopeziza) and the hyaline-excipled Hyaloscypha albocarpa spec. nov. which is otherwise very similar to H. hepaticola. The type species of the genus Betulina, B. hirta, is found to be an earli- er synonym of Urceolella salicicola (= U. graddonii). The new combination Urceolella hirta is therefore proposed, hence Betulina is considered a synonym of Urceolella. Key words: Hyaloscyphaceae, Hyaloscypha, Fuscoscypha, Betulina, Urceolella, bry- ophilous ascomycetes Hans-Otto Baral, Blaihofstrasse 42, D-72074 Tübingen; e-mail: [email protected] Jacques R. De Sloover, Research Centre on Biodiversity, Université Catholique de Lou- vain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected] Seppo Huhtinen, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; e-mail: seppo.huhtinen@utu.fi Tomi Laukka, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;. e-mail: tomi.laukka@utu.fi Soili Stenroos, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki Uni- versity, Finland, e-mail: soili.stenroos@helsinki.fi Introduction The genus Betulina was created by Velenovský (1947: 138) for a single taxon, B. hirta Velen., 2 μm), cylindrical, flexuous hairs without lumen. having rather large (1–1.5 mm), pure white, Graddon (1974: 477) linked with Velenovský’s long-haired apothecia thriving on wet decay- genus Betulina a species he discovered in Brit- ing birch leaves in Bohemia. Velenovský com- ain, likewise on birch leaves, B. fuscostipitata pared it with the genus Hyaloscypha Boud., from Graddon. The assignment of this species to Betu- which he separated it by stipitate apothecia and lina sounds rather inappropriate, considering extraordinarily long (1 mm) and narrow (hardly the quite differently shaped hairs being short, 2 BARAL ET AL.: EMENDATION OF HYALOSCYPHA KARSTENIA 49 (2009) straight, gradually narrowed towards apex, thin- he knew only from the literature. Although the walled, and bearing lumps of resinous exudate. type material was not reexamined by us, the pro- The hairs of B. fuscostipitata closely resemble tologue and the identical host genus leaves little those of Hyaloscypha in the modern circum- doubt about the identity of our specimens. scription (Velenovský 1934 included also species For most of its characters, this discomycete with cylindrical hairs in Hyaloscypha). Graddon appears closely related to Graddon’s Betulina refrained from placing his species in Hyaloscy- fuscostipitata. So we decided to reconsider the pha because of the stipitate apothecia, the stipe genus Betulina by studying the type species, B. being distinctly higher than wide. hirta. In the meantime the holotype was locat- In his monograph of Hyaloscypha and allied ed at PRM (Praha) and on request sent to one genera, Huhtinen (1990) reported that no type of us (JDS), intending to redefine a genus that material of Betulina hirta exists. From the pro- apparently could now encompass three species. tologue he suggested a possible identity with It appeared at once, however, that neither Grad- Hyalopeziza ciliata although the solid hairs were don’s species nor our own taxon had anything to described much longer and narrower than known do with Betulina hirta: this one looked as a tiny for H. ciliata. Furthermore, Huhtinen explicitly short-stipitate pure white Hyaloscyphaceae, the suggested that Graddon’s B. fuscostipitata and excipulum of which was clothed with very long, a similar unnamed Japanese collection might flexuous, glassy hairs with a narrow lumen to the deserve a new genus, which he saw to be mor- apex. From the type convolute it was evident that phologically related to both Hyaloscypha and as early as in 1980 Svrček had revised the holo- Dematioscypha Svrček. The latter genus resem- type and with good reason transferred B. hirta bles B. fuscostipitata in its dark brown color of to Urceolella Boud. as U. hirta (Velen.) Svrček the excipular cells, but the cells are shorter and ined. Furthermore, he had established that U. wider (brick-shaped to almost globose from base salicicola Raschle is a synonym (in the “revidit” to margin), a distinct stipe is lacking, the asci label). Though not often reported, this foliicolous are IKI–, and a conspicuous mononematous an- species seems to be widely distributed and to amorph (Haplographium) with long black-brown grow on a range of hosts, viz. Betula, Populus, setae is regularly associated. Similarly, the genus Quercus and Salix (Baral & Krieglsteiner, 1985; Phaeoscypha Spooner (in Kirk & Spooner 1984: Raitviir & Galán, 1993, as Urceolella graddonii 574) resembles B. fuscostipitata in the brown nom. nov.). The following new combination is excipulum and even hair shape, but differs by therefore proposed: short-celled excipular cells, a very short stipe, rather large asci and spores, and a conspicuous Urceolella hirta (Velen.) Svrček, De Sloover & mononematous anamorph (Chalara). So Huhti- Baral comb. nov. nen’s conclusion was to wait new material before Basionym: Betulina hirta Velen., Opera Bot. Ce- establishing a new genus for Graddon’s taxon. chica 4: 138 (1947). In spring 1999, a tiny stipitate dark brown Hy- ≡ Urceolella salicicola Raschle, Sydowia 39: aloscyphaceae was found by one of us (JDS) in 215 (1977, 1976–1977) ≡ Hyalotricha salicicola the High Ardennes (Belgium) in an open Vaccin- Graddon, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 69: 262 (Oct. ium bog: it was thriving as a biotrophic parasite 1977) ≡ Urceolella graddonii Raitv. & R. Galán on a leafy liverwort (Cephaloziella divaricata), a nom. nov., Sydowia 45: 49 (1993). genus belonging to the smallest liverworts known MycoBank no.: MB513058 in Central Europe. Later three further collection sites in western Germany came to our notice: the Among the known genera of Hyaloscyphaceae, bryologist and ecologist Peter Wolff had noted the morphology of Betulina fuscostipitata seems the very same species since 1988, exclusively on to resemble most closely the description of the Cephaloziella rubella. As he kindly sent us fresh monotypic genus Fuscoscypha Svrček (1987). collections, we (HOB & JDS) could verify full This genus was established for Lachnum acicu- agreement with the find from Belgium. Based on larum Velen. (on leaves of Pinus), which is so our illustrations, the expert for bryophilous asco- far known with certainty only from the sparse mycetes Dr. Peter Döbbeler identified the species type collection. Though having hyaline, gradu- as Trichopeziza hepaticola Grelet & Croz. which ally tapered hairs much resembling those of KARSTENIA 49 (2009) BARAL ET AL.: EMENDATION OF HYALOSCYPHA 3 Hyaloscypha, Svrček separated Fuscoscypha at lindrical hairs. Calycellina s.l. is characterized the generic level because of an ectal excipulum by refractive vacuoles in the living paraphyses of a grey-brown textura oblita, while species of and hair bases and herein sharply differs from Hyaloscypha have completely hyaline apothecia both Betulina fuscostipitata and Trichopeziza he- and a non-gelatinized t. prismatica-angularis. F. paticola which are devoid of such vacuoles (fu- acicularum and B. fuscostipitata are also similar ture fresh finds of H. acicularum should be tested in their ecology (saprobes on leaves of conifer- for this vital character). Svrček stressed the basal ous vs. broad-leaved trees). The main difference dark brown ring of the apothecia as characteris- seems to lie in the ectal excipulum, being t. ob- tic of Fuscoscypha, a feature also very typical lita in H. acicularum but a rather thin-walled t. of Calycellina. While the main characteristics prismatica-angularis in B. fuscostipitata. Tricho- of the genus Fuscoscypha appear to be the dark peziza hepaticola differs from these two species brown pigment and a distinct stipe, three devi- in larger asci and spores, simple-septate ascoge- ating collections of a bryophilous fungus came nous hyphae, and in being parasitic on liverworts, to our notice having completely white, usually while the excipulum concurs quite well with that sessile apothecia. The hosts were Calypogeia, of B. fuscostipitata. Moreover, resinous exudates Cephalozia and Tetraphis growing over tree have never been observed in T. hepaticola while bases in acidic coniferous forests. Considering present in the two saprophytic species. the almost identical morphology of the hymenial Despite such divergences it seems reasonable, elements and hairs, this colourless taxon is un- in