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N. 25 / 2010 Scienze E Storia Dell'ambiente Padano PIANURA 25 SOMMARIO 25 scienze e storia F. B ONALI Un carteggio inedito tra due naturalisti lombardi dell’800: Luigi d’Arco, mantovano e Vincenzo Cesati, mi- dell’ambiente padano lanese pag. 3 n. 25 / 2010 M. GOBBI,L.BRAMBILLA, Descrizione dell’evoluzione temporale delle cenosi di R. GROPPALI,F.SARTORI Coleotteri Carabidi nella Riserva naturale integrale Bosco Siro Negri (PV) pag. 45 ISSN 1722 - 5493 S. MANTOVANI Primo roost di occhione, Burhinus oedicnemus,in Lombardia e status attuale della specie in provincia di Cremona pag. 53 S. MANTOVANI Primi casi di svernamento della poiana codabianca,Buteo rufinus, in Lombardia pag. 65 R. FACOETTI,F.LAVEZZI Attività di inanellamento svolte presso Cascina Stella di Castelleone (CR): prima analisi dei dati di cattura in una stazione planiziale pag. 75 S. MANTOVANI Recenti segnalazioni della martora, Martes martes,in provincia di Cremona pag. 95 C. ZOVADELLI,F.BONALI L’esposizione micologica autunnale di Castelverde (1/11/2009): un contributo alla conoscenza della mi- cologia cremonese pag. 109 PIANURA L. SHESTANI,A. MORISI Analisi chimico-fisica delle acque sotterranee dell’alta pi- anura cuneese (Piemonte, Italy) pag. 119 V. F ERRARI Contributi toponomastici all’interpretazione del paesaggio della provincia di Cremona 3.Vegetazione, flora e fauna pag. 133 Segnalazioni e brevi note: F. L AVEZZI,S.MILESI, Cattura di una specie inusuale: il luì del Pallas M. VAILATI (Phylloscopus proregulus), presso Castelleone (CR) pag. 159 D. GHEZZI Presenza di Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) (Reptilia, Colubridae) nei pressi del fiume Po (Stagno Lombardo, CR) pag. 162 Abb.Spedizione in postale 70% Cremona PROVINCIA DI CREMONA scienze e storia dell’ambiente padano n. 25/2010 PRESIDENTE Massimiliano Salini Presidente della Provincia di Cremona DIRETTORE RESPONSABILE Valerio Ferrari REDAZIONE Alessandra Facchini COMITATO SCIENTIFICO Giacomo Anfossi, Giovanni Bassi, Paolo Biagi, Giovanni D’Auria, Cinzia Galli, Riccardo Groppali, Enrico Ottolini, Rita Mabel Schiavo, Marina Volonté, Eugenio Zanotti DIREZIONE REDAZIONE 26100 Cremona - Corso V. Emanuele II, 17 Tel. 0372 406446 - Fax 0372 406461 E-mail: [email protected] FOTOCOMPOSIZIONE E FOTOLITO Fotolitografia Orchidea Cremona - Via Dalmazia, 2/a - Tel. 0372 37856 STAMPA Monotipia Cremonese Cremona - Via Costone di Mezzo, 19 - Tel. 0372 33771 Finito di stampare il 29 ottobre 2010 Periodico della Provincia di Cremona, registrato presso il Tribunale di Cremona al n. 313 in data 31/7/1996 1 L’immagine di pagina 77 è di: “Immagini TerraItaly™ - © Blom Compagnia Generale Ripreseaeree S.p.A. - Parma www.terraitaly.it” Si ringraziano per la gentile collaborazione: Archivio di Stato di Vercelli Fondazione d’Arco di Mantova Museo Erbario dell’Università di Roma La Sapienza la prof.ssa Elsa Armanni Giovanna Aquilino, Fausto Leandri e Paolo Roverselli del Settore Caccia, Pesca e Aree natu- rali, Servizio Aree naturali della Provincia di Cremona. 2 PIANURA - Scienze e storia dell’ambiente padano - N. 25/2010 p. 3-44 Un carteggio inedito tra due naturalisti lombardi dell’800: Luigi d’Arco, mantovano e Vincenzo Cesati, milanese Fabrizio Bonali * È affascinante addentrarsi nella storia della botanica dell’Ot- Riassunto tocento e ricostruire, attraverso lo studio dei carteggi, l’opera degli appassionati cultori della scientia amabilis dell’epoca. Le missive in questione spesso erano accompagnate da pacchi con- tenenti esemplari di piante essiccate che così circolavano per l’Italia e l’Europa. Anche il barone milanese Vincenzo Cesati e il conte mantova- no Luigi d’Arco, due naturalisti il cui carteggio è oggetto di que- sto lavoro, diedero il loro contributo alla crescita delle conoscen- ze botaniche ottocentesche. Il primo fu uno dei più importanti botanici italiani, specializzato nelle piante crittogame, il secondo un appassionato cultore delle scienze naturali, al cui studio de- dicò tutta la vita creando addirittura un museo, con sede nel palazzo della sua famiglia, tuttora esistente in Mantova. Dalla lettura del carteggio, costituito da 27 lettere scritte tra il 1834 e il 1859, si evincono da un lato i progressi che la botanica compì in quegli anni e dall’altro i successi ottenuti da Cesati che, grazie anche alla collaborazione di una cerchia di amicizie e di conoscenze, giunse a cogliere grandi risultati scientifici. Egli fu, tuttavia, modesto e continuò ad accogliere tra i suoi corrispon- denti persone che, seppur confinate nelle province, anelavano a dare un proprio contributo alle scienze. È questo il caso di Luigi d’Arco, da sempre affascinato da questi argomenti, che dedicò tutta la sua vita a raccogliere testimonianze naturalistiche che sarebbero servite, in seguito, a definire lo stato delle conoscen- ze di diverse branche delle scienze naturali per la provincia di Mantova. *via Miglioli 7 - Casanova del Morbasco - I-26028 Sesto ed Uniti (CR). E-mail: fa- [email protected] 3 It is fascinating to wander into the history of nineteenth cen- Summary tury botany and rebuild through the study of the work papers of the fans who love the era of the scientia amabilis. The letters in question were often accompanied by packages containing speci- mens of dried plants that is circulated for Italy and Europe. The Baron Vincenzo Cesati of Milan and the Count of Mantova Luigi d’Arco, two naturalists whose correspondence is the subject of this short work gave their contribution to the growth of nine- teenth –century botanical knowledge. The first was one of the most important Italian botanists specializing in cryptogenic plants, the second a passionate student of natural science, the study of which even dedicated his life to creating a museum, housed in the former of this family, which still exists in Mantova. From reading the correspondence, consisting of 27 letters written between 1834 and 1859, are illustrated on the one hand the progress accomplished in those years, the Botany and other successes by Cesati that, thanks to the collaboration of a group of friends and acquaintances came to take great scien- tific results. He was modest, however, and continued to welcome among its correspondents who though confined to the provinces, who yearned to make a contribution to science. This is the case of Luigi d’Arco has always been fascinated by these subjects who dedicated his life to collect evidence that nature would be used subsequently to define the state of knowledge of different branches of naturalistic sciences for the province of Mantova. Nonostante la presenza di un museo naturalistico di estremo Introduzione interesse, che raccoglie materiale riferito ai tre regni della natura, una raccolta ornitologica, erbari, minerali, un folto apparato di schede, appunti, elenchi, disegni e carteggi conservati nell’archi- vio della Fondazione d’Arco in Mantova, l’attività del conte Luigi d’Arco1 è ancora da studiare in maniera approfondita. Attivo tra gli anni Trenta e Settanta dell’800, fu dedito alla ricerca naturalistica che nel secolo precedente aveva ricavato grande slancio dal lavoro fortemente innovativo di Carlo Linneo. 1 Nato il 27 giugno 1795 a Mantova vi morì il 4 febbraio 1872. Citato con Paolo Lanfossi, Paolo Barbieri, Francesco Masè e Antonio Magnaguti fra i benemeriti della Flora Mantovana, viene così descritto «…coscienzioso naturalista, provetto conoscitore della patria flora e possessore di erbari considerevoli e collezioni zo- ologiche e mineralogiche» (SACCARDO 1869, p. 181; si veda inoltre SACCARDO 1895, pt. 1, p. 60). Dedito a tutti i campi delle scienze naturali, Luigi d’Arco predilesse la botanica e fu un riferimento costante per i naturalisti mantovani del periodo (si veda AMADEI 1972). Nelle cronache mantovane dell’epoca però si trovano pochi riferimenti a Luigi che risulta, almeno in parte, offuscato dal più noto fratello mi- nore Carlo. Per le pubblicazioni scientifiche da lui firmate si vedano:D ’ARCO 1855, 1858, 1859; e il resoconto manoscritto di una escursione sul monte Baldo del 1858 conservato presso la Biblioteca Comunale di Mantova (Ms. n. 1058, I.I.41). 4 Le nuove impostazioni della tassonomia, per esempio, avevano determinato importanti progressi nelle scienze naturali e ai pri- mi dell’800 già se ne potevano constatare i risultati. In quel pe- riodo era stato avviato, nella Repubblica Cisalpina e in seguito nel Lombardo-Veneto, un programma di istruzione superiore e nei licei erano previste materie quali la zoologia e la botanica che venivano insegnate da professori di notevole levatura: a Cre- mona Giuseppe e Giovanni Sonsis, a Bergamo Giovanni Maironi da Ponte e Giacomo Facheris, a Brescia Giovanni Battista Broc- chi e a Novara Giovanni Biroli. A Pavia presso l’Università, polo scientifico di riferimento, si succedettero come prefetti dell’Or- to botanico personaggi che avrebbero lasciato intense testimo- nianze, tra cui si ricordano Domenico Nocca, Giuseppe Moretti e Sante Garovaglio. Anche a Mantova e nella sua provincia operarono personaggi di notevole levatura, quali Marcello Donati, attivo presso i Gonza- ga, i fratelli Volta, Giuseppe Acerbi, Giuseppe Bendiscioli e Paolo Lanfossi, docenti presso il locale liceo.2 Alcuni brevi riferimenti all’attività di Luigi d’Arco, comparsi in passato, ci permettono comunque di comprendere la sua im- mensa curiosità in tutti i campi delle scienze naturali.3 Ebbe rap- porti epistolari con diversi personaggi di spicco nell’ambiente naturalistico mantovano e lombardo, ma quando la sua curiosità non poteva essere soddisfatta, da simili contatti, dalla bibliografia posseduta nella sua ricchissima
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