JUDICIARY SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

One First Street NE 20543, phone 479±3000

WILLIAM HUBBS REHNQUIST, Chief Justice of the United States; born in Milwaukee, WI, October 1, 1924; son of William Benjamin and Margery Peck Rehnquist; married to Natalie Cornell of San Diego, CA; children: James, Janet, and Nancy, member of Faith Lutheran Church, Arlington, VA; served in the U.S. Army Air Corps in this country and overseas from 1943±46; discharged with the rank of sergeant; Stanford University, B.A., M.A., 1948; Harvard University, M.A., 1950; Stanford University, LL.B., 1952, ranking first in class; Order of the Coif; member of the Board of Editors of the Stanford Law Review; law clerk for Justice Robert H. Jackson, Supreme Court of the United States, 1952±53; private practice of law, Phoenix, AZ, 1953±69; engaged in a general practice of law with primary emphasis on civil litigation; appointed Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, by President Nixon in January 1969; nominated Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Nixon on October 21, 1971, confirmed December 10, 1971, sworn in on January 7, 1972; nominated by President Reagan as Chief Justice of the United States on June 17, 1986; sworn in on September 26, 1986. JOHN PAUL STEVENS, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Chicago, IL, April 20, 1920; son of Ernest James and Elizabeth Street Stevens; A.B., University of Chicago, 1941, Phi Beta Kappa, Psi Upsilon; J.D. (magna cum laude), Northwestern University, 1947, Order of the Coif, Phi Delta Phi, co-editor, Illinois Law Review; married to Maryan Mulholland; children: John Joseph, Kathryn Jedlicka, Elizabeth Jane Sesemann, and Susan Roberta Mullen; entered active duty U.S. Navy in 1942, released as Lt. Commander in 1945 after WW II service, Bronz Star; law clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Wiley Rutledge, 1947±48; admitted to Illinois bar, 1949; practiced law in Chicago, Poppenhusen, Johnston, Thompson and Raymond, 1949±52; associate counsel, Sub- committee on the Study of Monopoly Power, Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1951±52; partner, Rothschild, Stevens, Barry and Myers, Chicago, 1952± 70; member of the Attorney General's National Committee to Study Antitrust Laws, 1953± 55; lecturer in Antitrust Law, Northwestern University School of Law, 1950±54, and University of Chicago Law School, 1955±58; chief counsel, Illinois Supreme Court Special Commission to Investigate Integrity of the Judgment of People v. Isaacs, 1969; appointed U.S. Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit, October 14, 1970, entering on duty November 2, 1970, and serving until becoming an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; nominated to the Supreme Court December 1, 1975, by President Ford; confirmed by the Senate December 17, 1975; sworn in on December 19, 1975. SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in El Paso, TX, March 26, 1930; daughter of Harry A. and Ada Mae Wilkey Day; A.B. (with great distinction), Stanford University, 1950; LL.B., Stanford Law School, 1952; Order of the Coif, Board of Editors, Stanford Law Review; married to John Jay O'Connor III, 1952; children: Scott, Brian, and Jay; deputy county attorney, San Mateo County, CA, 1952±53; civilian attorney for Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany, 1954±57; private practice of law in Maryvale, AZ, 1958±60; assistant attorney general, Arizona, 1965± 69; elected to the Arizona State senate, 1969±75; senate majority leader, 1974 and 1975; chairman of the State, County, and Municipal Affairs Committee in 1972 and 1973; also served on the Legislative Council, on the Probate Code Commission, and on the Arizona Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations; elected judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court, Phoenix, AZ, 1975±79; appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals by Gov. Bruce Babbitt, 1979±81; nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court on July 7, 1981; confirmed by the U.S. Senate on September 22, 1981; and sworn in on September 25, 1981; member, National Board of Smithsonian Associates, 1981±present; president, board of trustees, The Heard Museum, 1968±74, 1976±81; member: 827 828 Congressional Directory

Salvation Army Advisory Board, 1975±81, board of trustees, Stanford University, 1976±81, Board of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1988 to present. ANTONIN SCALIA, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Trenton, NJ, March 11, 1936; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1960; note editor, Harvard Law Review; Sheldon fellow, Harvard University, 1960±61; married to Maureen McCarthy, September 10, 1960; children: Ann Forrest; Eugene, John Francis, Catherine Elisabeth, Mary Clare, Paul David, Matthew, Christopher James, and Margaret Jane; admitted to practice in Ohio (1962) and Virginia (1970); in private practice with Jones, Day, Cockley, and Reavis (Cleveland, OH), 1961±67; professor of law, University of Virginia Law School, 1967±74 (on leave 1971±74); general counsel, Office of Telecommunications Policy, Executive Office of the President, 1971±72; chairman, Administrative Conference of the United States, 1972± 74; Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice, 1974± 77; scholar in residence, American Enterprise Institute, 1977; professor of law, University of Chicago, 1977±82; appointed by President Reagan as Circuit Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; sworn in on August 17, 1982; appointed by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; sworn in on September 26, 1986. ANTHONY M. KENNEDY, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, born in Sacramento, CA, July 23, 1936; son of Anthony James and Gladys McLeod Kennedy; married to Mary Davis, June 29, 1963; children: Justin Anthony, Gregory Davis, and Kristin Marie; Stanford University, 1954±57; London School of Economics, 1957±58; B.A., Stanford University, 1958; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1961; associate, Thelen, Marrin, Johnson and Bridges, San Francisco, 1961±63; sole practitioner, Sacramento, 1963±67; partner, Evans, Jack- son and Kennedy, Sacramento, 1967±75; professor of constitutional law, McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific, 1965±88; California Army National Guard, 1961; member: the Judicial Conference of the United States' Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities (subsequently renamed the Advisory Committee of Codes of Conduct), 1979±87; Committee on Pacific Territories, 1979±90 (chairman, 1982±90); board of the Federal Judicial Center, 1987±88; nominated by President Ford to U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; sworn in on May 30, 1975; nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; sworn in on February 18, 1988. DAVID HACKETT SOUTER, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, born in Melrose, MA, September 17, 1939; son of Joseph Alexander and Helen Adams Hackett Souter; Harvard College, A.B., 1961, Phi Beta Kappa, selected Rhodes Scholar; Magdalen College, Oxford, 1963, A.B. in Jurisprudence, 1989, M.A., 1989; Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1966; associate, Orr and Reno, Concord, NH, 1966±68; assistant attorney general of New Hampshire, 1968±71; Deputy Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1971± 76; Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1976±78; Associate Justice, New Hampshire Superior Court, 1978±83; Associate Justice, New Hampshire Supreme Court, 1983±90; member: Maine- New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission, 1971±75; New Hampshire Police Standards and Training Council, 1976±78; New Hampshire Governor's Commmission on Crime and Delinquency, 1976±78; 1979±83; New Hampshire Judicial Council, 1976±78; Concord Hospital Board of Trustees, 1972±85 (president, 1978±84); New Hampshire Historical Society, 1968± present, (vice-president, 1980±85, trustee, 1976±85); Dartmouth Medical School, Board of Overseers, 1981±87; Merrimack County Bar Association, 1966±present; New Hampshire Bar Association, 1966±present; Honorary Fellow, American Bar Foundation; Honorary Fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; Honorary Master of the Bench, Gray's Inn, London; Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford; Associate, Lowell House, Harvard College; nominated by President Bush to U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit; took oath May 25, 1990; nominated by President Bush as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; took oath of office October 9, 1990. CLARENCE THOMAS, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Pin Point, GA (near Savannah), June 23, 1948; son of M.C. and Leola Thomas; raised by his grandparents, Myers and Christine Anderson; married to Virginia Lamp, May 30, 1987; son Jamal Adeen by previous marriage; attended Conception Seminary, 1967± 68; A.B. (cum laude), Holy Cross College, 1971; J.D., Yale Law School, 1974; admitted to practice in Missouri, 1974; assistant attorney general of Missouri, 1974±77; attorney in the law department of Monsanto Company, 1977±79; legislative assistant to Senator John Danforth, 1979±81; Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education, 1981± 82; chairman, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1982±90; nominated by Presi- dent Bush to U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; took oath March 12, 1990; nominated by President Bush as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; took the constitutional oath on October 18, 1991 and the judicial oath on October 23, 1991. Supreme Court of the United States 829

RUTH BADER GINSBURG, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born March 15, 1933, Brooklyn, N.Y., the daughter of Nathan and Celia Amster Bader; married Martin Ginsburg, 1954; two children: Jane C. and James S.; B.A., Phi Beta Kappa, Cornell University, 1954; attended Harvard Law School, 1956±58; LL.B., Columbia Law School, 1959; law clerk to Edmund L. Palmieri, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, 1959±61; Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, 1961±62, associate director, 1962±63; professor, Rutgers University School of Law, 1963±72; professor, Columbia Law School, 1972±80; Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, 1977±78; American Civil Liberties Union, general counsel, 1973±80; National Board of Direc- tors, 1974±80; Women's Rights Project, founder and Counsel, 1972±80; American Bar Founda- tion Board of Directors, executive committee, secretary, 1979±89; American Bar Association Board of Editors, 1972±78; ABA Section on Individual Rights and Responsibilities, council member, 1975±81; American Law Institute, council member, 1978±93; American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow, 1982±present; Council on Foreign Relations, 1975±present; nominated by President Carter as a Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, sworn in on June 30, 1980; nominated Associate Justice by President Clinton, June 14, 1993, confirmed by the Senate, August 3, 1993, and sworn in August 10, 1993.

STEPHEN G. BREYER, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in San Francisco, CA, August 15, 1938; son of Irving G. and Anne R. Breyer; married Joanna Hare, 1967, three children: Chloe, Nell, and Michael; A.B., Stanford University, 1959; B.A., Oxford University, Magdalen College, Marshall Scholar, 1961; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1964; law clerk to Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1964±65; special assistant to the Assistant Attorney General (Antitrust), Department of Justice, 1965±67; Assistant Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecu- tion Force, 1973; Special Counsel of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Administrative Practices, 1974±75; Chief Counsel of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 1979±80; Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 1970±80; (assistant professor, 1967±70; lecturer, 1980±94); professor, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1977± 80; Nominated by President Carter as a Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, sworn in on December 10, 1980; Chief Judge, 1990±94; member, U.S. Sentencing Commission, 1985±89; member, Judicial Conference of the United States, 1990±94; nominated Associate Justice by President Clinton May 13, 1994, confirmed by the Senate July 29, 1994, and sworn in on August 3, 1994.

Retired Members of the Court

WILLIAM J. BRENNAN, JR., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (retired); born in Newark, NJ, April 25, 1906; son of William J. and Agnes (McDermott) Brennan; married to Mary Fowler, 1983; previously married to Marjorie Leonard, May 5, 1928 (deceased, 1982); children: William J., Hugh Leonard and Nancy; B.S. (with honors), Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, 1928; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1931; associate, Pitney, Hardin and Skinner, Newark, NJ, 1931; member, 1937±42, and again 1945±49, firm name Pitney, Hardin, Ward and Brennan; major, later colonel, U.S. Army, specializing in manpower and personnel work, 1942±45, awarded Legion of Merit; appointed by Governor Driscoll, New Jersey Superior Court, 1949, served as assignment judge, Hudson County, to 1951; appointed to Appellate Division of that court, 1951; appointed by Governor Driscoll, associate justice of New Jersey Supreme Court, 1952; appointed as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Eisenhower, a recess appoint- ment on October 15, 1956; sworn in on October 16, 1956; was nominated by President Eisenhower on January 14, 1957; the nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 19, 1957; was given a new commission on March 21, 1957, and again took the oaths on March 22, 1957; retired on July 20, 1990.

BYRON RAYMOND WHITE, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Fort Collins, CO, June 8, 1917; son of Alpha Albert and Maude Burger White; elementary and high school, Wellington, CO; B.A., University of Colorado, 1938; Rhodes scholar, Oxford, England, 1939; officer, USNR, 1942±46; LL.B., Yale Law School, 1946; married to Marion Lloyd Stearns of Denver, CO, June 15, 1946; children: Charles Byron and Nancy Pitkin; law clerk to the Chief Justice of the United States, 1946±47; associate, Lewis, Grant, Newton, Davis and Henry (now Davis, Graham and Stubbs), 1947±50, partner, 1950±60; Deputy Attorney General of the United States, 1961±62; nominated Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Kennedy on April 3, 1962, confirmed by the Senate on April 11, 1962, and sworn in on April 16, 1962; retired June 28, 1993. 830 Congressional Directory

HARRY A. BLACKMUN, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; born in Nashville, IL, November 12, 1908; son of Corwin M. and Theo (Reuter) Blackmun; A.B. (summa cum laude), Harvard College, 1929; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1932; married to Dorothy E. Clark, June 21, 1941; children: Nancy Clark (Mrs. John C. Coniaris), Sally Ann (Mrs. Michael V. Elsberry), and Susan Manning (Mrs. William H. Brown); admitted to the Minnesota bar, 1932; law clerk to the Hon. John B. Sanborn, judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, 1932±33; associate, junior partner and general partner, Dorsey, Colman, Barker, Scott and Barber and predecessor firms, Minneapolis, MN, 1934± 50; occasional member of the faculties of St. Paul College of Law (now William Mitchell College of Law) and University of Minnesota Law School; resident counsel, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Association (now Mayo Foundation), and member of the Section of Administration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 1950±59; nominated by President Eisenhower as judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, succeeding the Hon. John B. Sanborn, August 18, 1959; confirmed September 14, 1959; sworn in on November 4, 1959; nominated associate justice by President Nixon April 14, 1970, confirmed May 12, 1970; sworn in on June 9, 1970; retired August 3, 1994; numerous honorary degrees; member, Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Judicial Activities, 1969±79; representative of Judicial Branch, National Historical Publications and Records Commission, 1975±82, 1986±present; chairman of Faculty, Salzburg Seminar on American Studies (Law), July 1977, and member of the faculty, July 1989; participant, Franco-American Colloquium on Human Rights, Paris, France, December 1979; co-moderator, Seminar on Justice and Society, Aspen Institute, 1979±95, inclusive; Brandeis Medal, presented by Brandeis Honor Society, University of Louisville School of Law, 1983; University Citation, presented by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey± School of Law/Newark, 1985; The Hebrew University Honorary Fellowship, presented at Jerusalem, 1986; Justice Award, presented by Justice Lodge of B'nai B'rith, Philadelphia, 1986; Public Service Award, presented by the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, 1987; Presidents' Award, presented by American Society of Law and Medicine, 1987; UCLA Medal, presented by University of California at Los Angeles, 1989; Distinguished Contributions to Psychology and the Law Award, presented by the American Psychology-Law Society, 1990; Brandeis Medal for Distinguished Legal Service, presented by Brandeis University, 1990; Learned Hand Medal, presented by Federal Bar Council, New York, 1990; Award of Merit, presented by The Decalogue Society of Lawyers, Chicago, 1991; Award, Annual Survey of American Law, New York University School of Law, 1991; Laureate of the Lincoln Academy of Illinois, 1991; American Liberties Medallion, presented by the American Jewish Committee, 1992; Isaac Ray Award, presented by the American Psychiatric Association, 1992; co-moderator, Seminar on Constitutional Justice and Society, Aspen Institute, Italia, Rome, July 1986; visiting instructor on Constitutional Law, Louisiana State University Law School Summer Session at Aix-en-Provence, France, July 1986 and July 1992; visiting instructor on Constitutional Law, Tulane University Law School Summer Session at Berlin, July 1992. Harvard Law School Association Award, 1993; Public Service Award, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1994; Madison-Jefferson Award, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 1994; Association of Trial Lawyers of America, citation, 1994; Kansas City Metropolitan Bar Association Achievement Award, 1994; Blackmun Scholar- ship Foundation, established by Law Clerks to Justice Blackmun, 1994; Christopher Tietze Humanitarian Award, National Abortion Federation, 1995; Ehrmann Award, Massachusetts Citizen against the Death Penalty, 1995; Joseph Callaway Award for the Defense of Privacy, New York Civil Liberties Union, 1995; National Education Association Award, 1995; Harry A. Blackmun Scholarship of the Harvard-Radcliffe Club of Minnesota, 1995; Carrie Chapman Catt Lifetime Achievement Award presented by the League of Women Voters, 1995; Harry A. Blackmun Reproductive Freedom Award, Family Planning Council of Southeastern Penn- sylvania, 1995; National Abortion Rights Action League Lifetime Achievement Award, 1995; Jefferson Award, American Institute for Public Service, 1995; Roger N. Baldwin Civil Liberties Award, New Jersey American Civil Liberties Union, 1995; Reproductive Freedom Award, Voters for Choice, 1995; Blackmun Fellowship, Center for Reproductive Law and Policy, New York City, 1995; William J. Brennan, Jr., Defense of Freedom Award, Libel Defense Resource Center, New York City, 1995; Lifetime Achievement Award, National Family Plan- ning and Reproductive Health Association, 1996.

LEWIS FRANKLIN POWELL, JR., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (retired); born in Suffolk, VA, September 19, 1907; married to Josephine Pierce Rucker, 1936; children: Josephine McRae (Mrs. Richard Stowers Smith), Ann Pendleton (Mrs. Basil Terence Carmody), Mary Lewis Gwathmey (Mrs. Christopher James Sumner), and Lewis Franklin Powell III; B.S., Washington and Lee University, 1929, magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa; LL.B., 1931; LL.M., Harvard Law School, 1932; during World War II, served with U.S. Army Air Forces from 1942±46, including service in the European and North African theaters; 319th Bombardment Group, the 12th Air Force, and as Chief of Operational Intelligence for U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe; held rank from first lieutenant Supreme Court of the United States 831 to full colonel; awarded Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and France's Croix de Guerre with Palm; attorney, Hunton, Williams, Gay, Powell, and Gibson, Richmond, VA, 1935±71; general counsel, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1957±71; member: National Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, appointed by President Johnson, 1965±67; National Advisory Committee on Legal Services to the Poor, established pursuant to the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; Blue Ribbon Defense Panel, appointed by President Nixon to study the Department of Defense, 1969±70; Virginia State Board of Education, 1961±69 (president, 1968±69); chairman: Richmond Public School Board, 1952±61, and special commis- sion which wrote the charter introducing the manager form of government to the city of Richmond, 1947±48; member, Virginia Constitutional Revision Commission, 1967±68, which proposed the new constitution adopted by the State of Virginia in 1970; trustee emeritus of Washington and Lee University; chairman emeritus of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; member: American Bar Association (president, 1964±65); American College of Trial Lawyers (president, 1969±70); and American Bar Foundation (president, 1969±71); honorary bencher, Lincoln's Inn, London; nominated by President Nixon as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court on October 21, 1971, confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 6, 1971, and sworn in on January 7, 1972; retired on June 26, 1987.

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF JUSTICE James C. Duff. OFFICERS OF THE SUPREME COURT Clerk.ÐWilliam K. Suter. Librarian.ÐShelley Dowling. Marshal.ÐDale E. Bosley. Reporter of Decisions.ÐFrank D. Wagner. Counsel.ÐMary Ann Willis. Curator.ÐGail A. Galloway. Budget and Personnel Officer.ÐCyril A. Donnelly. Public Information Officer.ÐToni House. Director of Data Systems.ÐDonna Clement. UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS District of Columbia Judicial Circuit (District of Columbia).ÐCircuit Justice. Chief Judge.Ð Harry T. Edwards. Circuit Judges: Patricia M. Wald; Laurence H. Silberman; Stephen F. Williams; Douglas H. Ginsburg; David B. Sentelle; Karen LeCraft Henderson; A. Raymond Randolph; Judith W. Rogers; David S. Tatel. Senior Circuit Judges: Spottswood W. Robinson, III; James L. Buckley. Circuit Executive.ÐLinda Finkelstein Ferren, 273±0340; Clerk.ÐMark J. Langer, 273±0310, E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse, 333 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001. First Judicial Circuit (Districts of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island).ÐChief Judge.ÐJuan R. Torruella. Circuit Judges: Bruce M. Selya; Michael Boudin; Norman H. Stahl; Sandra L. Lynch. Senior Circuit Judges: Bailey Aldrich; Frank M. Coffin; Levin H. Campbell; Hugh H. Bownes; Conrad K. Cyr. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐArthur N. Votolato, Jr. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: James A. Goodman; James E. Yacos; James F. Queenan, Jr.; Carol J. Kenner; Enrique S. Lamoutte; Sara E. De Jesus; James B. Haines, Jr.; William C. Hillman; Joan N. Feeney; Mark W. Vaughn; Henry J. Boroff; Gerardo A. Carlo-Altieri. Circuit Executive.ÐVincent Flanagan, (617) 223±9613. Clerk.ÐWilliam H. Ng, 617±223±9057, John W. McCormack Post Office and Courthouse, 90 Devonshire Street, Boston, MA 02109±4590. Second Judicial Circuit (Districts of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont). Chief Judge.Ð Jon O. Newman. Circuit Judges: Amalya Lyle Kearse; Ralph K. Winter, Jr.; John M. Walker, Jr.; Joseph M. McLaughlin; Dennis G. Jacobs; Pierre N. Leval; Guido Calabresi; Jose A. Cabranes; Fred I. Parker. Senior Circuit Judges: J. Edward Lumbard; Wilfred Feinberg; James L. Oakes; Ellsworth A. Van Graafeiland; Thomas J. Meskill; Richard J. Cardamone; Roger J. Miner; Frank X. Altimari. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐBurton R. Lifland. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: Robert L. Krechevsky; Alan H.W. Shiff; Tina L. Brozman; Francis G. Conrad; Stephen D. Gerling; Michael J. Kaplan; John Charles Ninfo, II; Jeffry H. Gallet; Carl L. Bucki; Adlai S. Hardin, Jr.; Robert E. Littlefield, Jr. Circuit Executive.ÐSteven Flanders, (212) 857±8700. Clerk.Ð George Lange III, (212) 857±8500, United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, New York, NY 10007±1581. Third Judicial Circuit (Districts of Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virgin Islands).Ð Chief Judge.ÐDolores K. Sloviter. Circuit Judges: Edward R. Becker; Walter K. Stapleton; Carol Los Mansmann; Morton I. Greenberg; Anthony J. Scirica; Robert E. Cowen; Richard L. Nygaard; Samuel H. Alito, Jr.; Jane R. Roth; Timothy K. Lewis; Theodore A. McKee. Senior Circuit Judges: Collins J. Seitz; Ruggero J. Aldisert; Max Rosenn; Joseph F. Weis, Jr.; Leonard I. Garth. Circuit Executive.ÐToby D. Slawsky, (215) 597±0718. Clerk.ÐP. Douglas Sisk, (215) 597±2995, United States Courthouse, 601 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Fourth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia). Chief Judge.ÐJ. Harrie Wilkinson, III. Circuit Judges: Donald Stuart Russell; H. Emory Widener, Jr.; Kenneth K. Hall; Francis D. Murnaghan, Jr.; Sam J. Ervin, III; William W. Wilkins, Jr.; Paul V. Niemeyer; Clyde H. Hamilton; J. Michael Luttig; Karen J. Williams; M. Blane Michael; Diana Gribbon Motz. Senior Circuit Judges: John D. Butzner, Jr.; James Dickson Phillips, Jr. Circuit Executive.ÐSamuel W. Phillips, (804) 771±2184. Clerk.ÐPatricia S. Connor, (804) 771±2213, United States Courthouse Annex, 1100 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219. Fifth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas).ÐChief Judge.ÐHenry A. Politz. Circuit Judges: Carolyn Dineen King; E. Grady Jolly; Patrick E. Higginbotham; W. Eugene Davis; Edith Hollan Jones; Jerry E. Smith; John M. Duhe, Jr.; Jaques L. Weiner, Jr.; Rhesa H. Barksdale; Emilio M. Garza; Harold R. DeMoss, Jr., Fortunato P. Benavides; Carl E. Stewart; Robert M. Parker; James L. Dennis. Senior Circuit Judges: John Minor Wisdom; Reynaldo G. Garza; Thomas M. Reavely; Samuel D. Johnson, Jr.; Will L. Garwood. Circuit Executive.ÐGregory A. Nussel, (504) 589±2730. Clerk.ÐCharles R. Fulbruge, III, (504) 589±6514, John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building, 600 Camp Street, New Orleans, LA 70130. 832 JudiciaryÐU.S. Courts of Appeals 833

Sixth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee).ÐChief Judge.Ð Boyce F. Martin, Jr. Circuit Judges: Gilbert S. Merritt; Cornelia G. Kennedy; David M. Nelson; James L. Ryan; Danny J. Boggs; Alan E. Norris; Richard F. Suhrheinrich; Eugene E. Siler, Jr.; Alice M. Batchelder; Martha Craig Daughtrey; Karen Nelson Moore; Ransey Guy Cole, Jr. Senior Circuit Judges: Anthony J. Celebrezze; Pierce Lively; Albert J. Engel; Damon J. Keith; Bailey Brown; Nathaniel R. Jones; Leroy J. Contie, Jr., Robert B. Krupansky; Harry W. Wellford; Ralph B. Guy, Jr. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐThomas F. Waldron. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: Keith M. Lundin; Steven W. Rhodes; Randolph Baxter; David T. Stosberg. Circuit Executive.ÐJames A. Higgins, (513) 564±7200. Clerk.ÐLeonard Green, (513) 564±7000, Potter Stewart United States Courthouse, 100 East Fifth Street, Cincinnati, OH 45202±3988. Seventh Judicial Circuit (Districts of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin).ÐChief Judge.ÐRichard A. Posner. Circuit Judges: Walter J. Cummings; John L. Coffey; Joel M. Flaum; Frank H. Easterbrook; Kenneth F. Ripple; Daniel A. Manion; Michael S. Kanne; Ilana Diamond Rovner; Diane P. Wood; Terence T. Evans. Senior Circuit Judges: Thomas E. Fairchild; Wilbur F. Pell, Jr., William J. Bauer; Harlington Wood, Jr.; Richard D. Cudahy; Jesse E. Eschbach. Circuit Executive.ÐCollins T. Fitzpatrick, (312) 435±5803. Clerk.ÐThomas F. Strubbe, (312) 435±5850, Everett McKinley Dirksen Building, 219 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604. Eighth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota).ÐChief Judge.ÐRichard S. Arnold. Circuit Judges: Theodore McMillian; George G. Fagg; Pasco M. Bowman, II; Roger L. Wollman; Frank J. Magill; C. Arlen Beam; James B. Loken; David R. Hansen; Morris S. Arnold; Diana E. Murphy. Senior Circuit Judges: Floyd R. Gibson; Donald P. Lay; Gerald W. Heaney; Myron H. Bright; Donald R. Ross; J. Smith Henley; John R. Gibson. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐFrank W. Koger. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: Robert J. Kressel; William A. Hill; Barry S. Schermer; Mary D. Scott; Nancy C. Dreher. Circuit Executive.ÐJune L. Boadwine, (612) 290±3311. Clerk.ÐMichael E. Gans, (314) 539±3609, United States Court and Custom House, 1114 Market Street, St. Louis, MO 63101. Ninth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, and Washington). Chief Judge.ÐProcter Hug, Jr. Circuit Judges: James R. Browning; Mary M. Schroeder; Betty B. Fletcher; Harry Pregerson; Stephen Reinhardt; Cynthia H. Hall; Melvin Brunetti; Alex Kozinski; David R. Thompson; Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain; Edward Leavy; Stephen S. Trott; Ferdinand F. Fernandez; Pamela Ann Rymer; Thomas G. Nelson; Andrew J. Kleinfeld; Michael A. Hawkins; A. Wallace Tashima; Sidney R. Thomas. Senior Circuit Judges: Eugene A. Wright; Herbert Y.C. Choy; Alfred T. Goodwin; J. Clifford Wallace; Joseph T. Sneed; Otto R. Skopil, Jr.; Jerome Farris; Authur L. Alarcon; Cecil F. Poole; Warren J. Ferguson; Dorothy W. Nelson; William C. Canby, Jr.; Robert Boochever; William A. Norris; Robert R. Beezer; Charles E. Wiggins; John T. Noonan, Jr. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐJames W. Meyers. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: Sidney C. Volinn; Robert Clive Jones; Lawrence Ollason; Barry Russell; Alfred C. Hagan; John E. Ryan. Circuit Executive.Ð Gregory B. Walters, (415) 556±6100. Clerk.ÐCathy Catterson, (415) 556±9800, PO Box 193939, San Francisco, CA 94119±3939. Tenth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming).ÐChief Judge.ÐStephanie K. Seymour. Circuit Judges: John C. Porfilio; Stephen H. Anderson; Deanell R. Tacha; Bobby R. Baldock; Wade Brorby; David M. Ebel; Paul J. Kelly, Jr.; Robert H. Henry; Mary Beck Briscoe; Carlos F. Lucero; Michael R. Murphy. Senior Circuit Judges: William J. Holloway, Jr.; Robert H. McWilliams; James E. Barrett; Monroe G. McKay; James K. Logan. Chief Judge, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel.ÐMark B. McFeeley. Judges, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel: James A. Pusateri; Stewart Rose; Glen E. Clark; Richard L. Bohanon; John K. Pearson; Judith A. Boulden; Tom R. Cornish; Julie A. Robinson. Circuit Executive.ÐRobert L. Hoecker, (303) 844±2067. Clerk.ÐPatrick J. Fisher, (303) 844±3157, Byron White United States Courthouse, 1823 Stout Street, Denver, CO 80257. Eleventh Judicial Circuit (Districts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia). Chief Judge.ÐJoseph W. Hatchett. Circuit Judges: Gerald B. Tjoflat; R. Lanier Anderson, III; J.L. Edmondson; Emmett Ripley Cox; Stanley F. Birch, Jr.; Joel F. Dubina; Susan H. Black; Edward E. Carnes; Rosemary Barkett. Senior Circuit Judges: David W. Dyer; John C. Godbold; Paul H. Roney; James C. Hill; Peter T. Fay; Phyllis A. Kravitch; Frank M. Johnson, Jr.; Albert J. Henderson; Thomas A. Clark. Circuit Executive.ÐNorman E. Zoller, (404) 331±5724. Clerk.ÐMiguel J. Cortez, Jr., (404) 331±6187, Elbert P. Tuttle Court of Appeals Building, 56 Forsyth Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303. 834 Congressional Directory

Federal Judicial Circuit.ÐChief Judge.ÐGlenn L. Archer, Jr. Circuit Judges: Giles S. Rich; Pauline Newman; H. Robert Mayer; Paul R. Michel; S. Jay Plager; Alan D. Lourie; Raymond C. Clevenger, III; Randall R. Rader; Alvin A. Schall; William C. Bryson. Senior Circuit Judges: Wilson Cowen; Byron G. Skelton; Marion T. Bennett; Daniel M. Friedman; Edward S. Smith. Clerk.ÐJan Horbaly, (202) 633±6570, National Courts Building, 717 Madison NW, Washington, DC 20439. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

Room 5423 Courthouse, Third Street and Constitution Avenue 20001, phone 273±0310 HARRY T. EDWARDS, chief judge; born in New York, NY, November 3, 1940; son of George H. Edwards and Arline (Ross) Lyle; B.S., Cornell University, 1962; J.D. (with distinction), University of Michigan Law School, 1965; associate with Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather and Geraldson, 1965±70; professor of law, University of Michigan, 1970±75 and 1977±80; professor of law, Harvard University, 1975±77; visiting professor of law, Free University of Brussels, 1974; arbitrator of labor/management disputes, 1970±80; vice president, National Academy of Arbitrators, 1978±80; member (1977±79) and chairman (1979±80), Na- tional Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak); Executive Committee of the Association of American Law Schools, 1978±80; public member of the Administrative Conference of the United States, 1977±80; International Women's Year Commission, 1976±77; American Bar Association Commission of Law and the Economy; coauthor of four books: Labor Relations Law in the Public Sector, The Lawyer as a Negotiator, Higher Education and the Law, and Collective Bargaining and Labor Arbitration; recipient of the Judge William B. Groat Alumni Award, 1978, given by Cornell University; the Society of American Law Teachers Award (for ``distinguished contributions to teaching and public service''); the Whitney North Seymour Medal presented by the American Arbitration Association for outstanding contributions to the use of arbitration; and several Honorary Doctor of Laws degrees. Judge Edwards teaches law on a part-time basis; he has recently taught at Duke, Georgetown, Michigan, and Harvard Law Schools, and he is presently teaching a course in Federal Courts at N.Y.U; A.B.A.; married to The Honorable Mildred Matesich Edwards; children: Brent and Michelle; stepchildren: Jessica and Andrew Seidman; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals, February 20, 1980; serving as chief judge since September 15, 1994; office: 5400 U.S. Courthouse, Washington, DC 20001.

PATRICIA MCGOWAN WALD, circuit judge; born in Torrington, CT, September 16, 1928; daughter of Margaret (O'Keefe) and Joseph McGowan; B.A., Connecticut College, 1948; Phi Beta Kappa; LL.B., Yale Law School, 1951; case editor, Yale Law Journal; Order of the Coif; law clerk, Judge Jerome Frank, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 1951±52: associate, Arnold, Fortas and Porter, Washington, DC, 1952±53; member, President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia, 1965±66; attorney, Office of Criminal Justice, Department of Justice, 1967±68; attorney, Neighborhood Legal Services Program, 1968±70; co-director, Ford Foundation Drug Abuse Research Project, 1970; attorney: Center for Law and Social Policy, 1971±72; Mental Health Law Project (litigation director, 1975± 77), 1972±77; Assistant Attorney General for Legislative Affairs, Department of Justice, 1977± 79; board of trustees, Vera Institute of Justice, 1965±72; American Law Institute (Council, 1978±present; Second Vice President, 1989±93; First Vice President 1993±present); Juvenile Justice Standards Project (IJA±ABA) joint commission member and Executive Commission 1973±77; board of governors, District of Columbia bar (Executive Committee, 1975±76), 1974±77; board of editors, American Bar Association Journal, 1978±84; Institute of Medicine, National Science Foundation, 1978±91; board of trustees, Ford Foundation (Executive Commit- tee, 1975±77), 1972±77; Carnegie Council on Children, 1973±77; Exeter Academy, 1975± 77; board of trustees, Connecticut College, 1976±77; Meyer Foundation, 1976±77; married to Robert L. Wald, 1952; children: Sarah, Douglas, Johanna, Frederica, and Thomas. Appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Jimmy Carter on July 26, 1979, and entered on duty July 31, 1979; served as chief judge July 26, 1986 to January 19, 1991. LAURENCE HIRSCH SILBERMAN, circuit judge; born in York, PA, October 12, 1935; son of William Silberman and Anna (Hirsch); married to Rosalie G. Gaull, January 5, 1957; children: Robert Stephen, Katherine DeBoer Balaban, and Anne Gaull; B.A., Dartmouth Col- lege, 1957; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1961. Admitted to Hawaii bar, 1962, District of Columbia bar, 1973; associate, Moore, Torkildson and Rice, 1961±64; partner (Moore, Silber- man and Schulze), Honolulu, 1964±67; attorney, National Labor Relations Board, Office of General Counsel, Appellate Division, 1967±69; Solicitor, Department of Labor, 1969±70; Under 835 836 Congressional Directory

Secretary of Labor, 1970±73; partner, Steptoe and Johnson, 1973±74; Deputy Attorney General of the United States, 1974±75; Ambassador to Yugoslavia, 1975±77; President's Special Envoy on ILO Affairs, 1976; senior fellow, American Enterprise Institute, 1977±78; visiting fellow, 1978±85; managing partner, Morrison and Foerster, 1978±79 and 1983±85; executive vice president, Crocker National Bank, 1979±83; lecturer, University of Hawaii, 1962±63; board of directors, Commission on Present Danger, 1978±85, Institute for Educational Affairs, New York, NY, 1981±85, member: General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament, 1981±85; Defense Policy Board, 1981±85; vice chairman, State Department's Commission on Security and Economic Assistance, 1983±84; American Bar Association (Labor Law Com- mittee, 1965±72, Corporations and Banking Committee, 1973, Law and National Security Advisory Committee, 1981±85); Hawaii Bar Association Ethics Committee, 1965±67; Council on Foreign Relations, 1977±present; Judicial Conference Committee on Court Administration and Case Management, 1994±; Adjunct Professor of Law (Administrative Law) Georgetown Law Center, 1987±94; 1997; Adjunct Professor of Law (Administrative Law) New York University Law School, 1995±96; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Ronald W. Reagan on October 28, 1985.

JAMES LANE BUCKLEY, circuit judge, born in New York, NY, March 9, 1923; son of William Frank and Aloise Josephine (Steiner) Buckley; married to Ann Frances Cooley, May 22, 1953; children: Peter, James, Priscilla, William, David, and Andrew; B.A., Yale University, 1943; Lt. (j.g.), U.S. Navy Reserve, 1943±46; LL.B., Yale, 1949; admitted to: Connecticut bar, 1949; District of Columbia bar, 1953; associate: Wiggin and Dana, New Haven, CT, 1949±53; Reasoner and Davis, Washington, DC, 1953±57; vice president, Catawba Corp., New York City, 1957±70; U.S. Senator, 1971±77; director, Executive Committee, Don- aldson, Lufkin and Jenrette, New York City, 1977±78; business consultant, 1978±80; Under Secretary for Security Assistance, Science and Technology, U.S. Department of State, 1981± 82; president, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Munich, West Germany, 1982±85; co-chair- man, U.S. delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Environment, Nairobi, Kenya, 1982; chairman; U.S. delegation to the United Nations Conference on Population, Mexico City, 1984; appointed to U.S. Court of Appeals (District of Columbia Circuit) in December 1985; retired from active judicial service in September 1996.

STEPHEN F. WILLIAMS, circuit judge; born in New York, NY, September 23, 1936, son of Charles Dickerman Williams and Virginia (Fain); B.A., Yale, 1958, J.D., Harvard Law School, 1961. U.S. Army reserves, 1961±62; associate, Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates, 1962±66; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York, 1966±69; associ- ate professor and professor of law, University of Colorado School of Law, 1969±86; visiting professor of law, UCLA, 1975±76; visiting professor of law and fellow in law and economics, University Chicago Law School, 1979±80; visiting George W. Hutchison Professor of Energy Law, SMU, 1983±84; consultant to: Administrative Conference of the United States, 1974± 76; Federal Trade Commission on energy-related issues, 1983±85; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Ronald Reagan, June 16, 1986; member, American Law Institute; married to Faith Morrow, 1966; children: Susan, Geoffrey, Sarah, Timothy, and Nicholas.

DOUGLAS HOWARD GINSBURG, circuit judge; born in Chicago, IL, May 25, 1946; son of Maurice and Katherine (Goodmont) Ginsburg; married to Claudia DeSecundy, May 31, 1968 (divorced); one child, Jessica J.E. Lubow; married to Hallee Perkins Morgan, May 9, 1981; children, Hallee Katherine Morgan and Hannah Maurice Morgan; education: diploma, Latin School of Chicago, 1963; B.S., Cornell University, 1970 (Phi Kappa Phi, Ives Award); J.D., University of Chicago, 1973 (Mecham Prize Scholarship 1970±73, Casper Platt Award, 1972, Order of Coif, Articles and Book Rev. Ed., 40 U. Chi. L. Rev.); bar admissions: Illinois (1973), Massachusetts (1982), U.S. Supreme Court (1984), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1986). Member: Mont Pelerin Society, American Economic Association, Executive Council of Antitrust Section of the American Bar Association (ex officio, 1985± 86); law clerk to: Judge Carl McGowan, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1973±74; Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Supreme Court, 1974±75; previous positions: assistant professor, Harvard University Law School, 1975±81; Professor 1981±83; Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Regulatory Affairs, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1983±84; administrator for Information and Regulatory Affairs, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, 1984±85; Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1985±86; visiting professor of law, Columbia University, New York City, 1987±88; lecturer in law, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1987±90; foundation professor of law, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 1988±; Charles J. Merriam visiting scholar, senior lecturer, University of Chicago Law School, 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996. Appointed to U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit 837

Circuit by President Ronald Reagan on October 14, 1986, taking oath of office on November 10, 1986. DAVID BRYAN SENTELLE, circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals (District of Columbia Circuit); 273±0348; born in Canton, NC, February 12, 1943; son of Horace and Maude Sentelle; B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1965; J.D. with honors, University of North Carolina School of Law, 1968; associate, Uzzell and Dumont, Charlotte, 1968± 79; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Charlotte, 1970±74; North Carolina State District Judge, 1974± 77; partner, Tucker, Hicks, Sentelle, Moon and Hodge, Charlotte, 1977±85; U.S. District Judge for the Western District of North Carolina, 1985±87; married to Jane LaRue Oldham; daughters: Sharon, Reagan, and Rebecca.

KAREN LECRAFT HENDERSON, circuit judge. [Biographical information not supplied, per Judge Henderson's request.] A. RAYMOND RANDOLPH, circuit judge; born in Riverside, NJ, November 1, 1943; son of Arthur Raymond Randolph, Sr. and Marile (Kelly); two children: John Trevor and Cynthia Lee Randolph; married to Eileen Janette O'Connor, May 18, 1984. B.S., Drexel University, 1966; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1969, summa cum laude; managing editor, University of Pennsylvania Law Review; Order of the Coif. Admitted to Supreme Court of the United States; Supreme Court of California; District of Columbia Court of Appeals; U.S. Courts of Appeals for the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh, and District of Columbia Circuits. Memberships: American Law Institute. Law clerk to Judge Henry J. Friendly, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1969± 70; Assistant to the Solicitor General, 1970±73; adjunct professor of law, Georgetown Univer- sity Law Center, 1974±78; George Mason School of Law, 1992; Deputy Solicitor General, 1975±77; Special Counsel, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, House of Representa- tives, 1979±80; special assistant attorney general, State of Montana (honorary), 1983±July 1990; special assistant attorney general, State of New Mexico, 1985±July 1990; special assistant attorney general, State of Utah, 1986±July 1990; advisory panel, Federal Courts Study Commit- tee, 1989±July 1990; partner, Pepper, Hamilton and Scheetz, 1987±July 1990; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President George W. Bush on July 16, 1990, and took oath of office on July 20, 1990; chairman, Committee on Codes of Conduct, U.S. Judicial Conference, 1995. JUDITH W. ROGERS, circuit judge, born in New York, NY; A.B. (with honors), Radcliffe College, 1961; Phi Beta Kappa honors member; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1964; LL.M., University of Virginia School of Law, 1988; law clerk, D.C. Juvenile Court, 1964±65; assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1965±68; trial attorney, San Francisco Neighbor- hood Legal Assistance Foundation, 1968±69; Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Associate Deputy Attorney General and Criminal Division, 1969±71; general counsel, Congressional Commission on the Organization of the D.C. Government, 1971±72; legislative assistant to D.C. Mayor Walter E. Washington, 1972±79; corporation counsel for the District of Columbia, 1979±83; trustee, Radcliffe College, 1982±90; member of Visiting Committee to Harvard Law School, 1984±90. Appointed by President Ronald W. Reagan to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals as an Associate Judge on September 15, 1983; served as chief judge, November 1, 1988 to March 18, 1994; member of Executive Committee, Con- ference of Chief Justices, 1993±94. Appointed by President William Jefferson Clinton to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on March 11, 1994, and entered on duty March 21, 1994. DAVID S. TATEL, circuit judge; born in Washington, DC, March 16, 1942; son of Molly and Dr. Howard Tatel; B.A., University of Michigan, 1963; J.D., University of Chicago Law School, 1966; instructor, University of Michigan Law School, 1966±67; associate, Sidley and Austin, Chicago, 1967±69; director, Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1969±70; associate, Sidley and Austin, 1970±72; director, National Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1972±74; associate and partner, Hogan and Hartson, 1974± 77; director, Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1977±79; partner, Hogan and Hartson, 1979±94; acting general counsel, Legal Services Corpora- tion, 1975±76; lecturer, Stanford University Law School, 1991±92; past activities: board of directors, Spencer Foundation, 1987±97 (chair, 1990±97); Pew Forum on Education Reform; and National Board for Professional Teaching Standards; past memberships: Chicago Council of Lawyers, 1969±70; Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 1975±77; Board of Governors, District of Columbia Bar Association, 1980±81; Mental Health Law Project, 1983±90; Refugee Policy Group, 1985±90; Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, co-chair, 1986±87; National Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, co-chair, 1989±91; Disability Rights Council; awards: Stuart Stiller Foundation, Stuart 838 Congressional Directory

Stiller Memorial Award, March 1982; Center for Law and Social Policy, Allan Lebow Award, October, 1984; National Association of College and University Attorneys, Distinguished Service Award, June 1993; Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Segal-Tweed Founders Award, June 1993; National Legal Aid and Defenders Association Award, May 1994; admitted to practice law in Illinois in 1966 and the District Columbia in 1970; married to the former Edith Bassichis, 1965; children: Rebecca, Stephanie, Joshua, and Emily; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President William Jefferson Clinton on October 7, 1994, and entered on duty October 11, 1994.

Retired Member of the Court SPOTTSWOOD W. ROBINSON, III, senior circuit judge; born in Richmond, VA, July 26, 1916; son of Spottswood W., Jr., and Inez C. Robinson; B.S. (magna cum laude), Virginia Union University, Richmond, VA, 1937; J.D. (magna cum laude), Howard University, Washing- ton, DC, 1939; LL.D., Virginia Union University, 1955; LL.D., Howard University, 1981; LL.D., Georgetown University, 1983; LL.D., New York Law School, 1986; married to Marian B. Wilkerson; children: Spottswood W., IV, and Nina Cecelia (Mrs. Oswald G.) Govan; admitted to Virginia Bar, 1943; member of faculty, School of Law, Howard University, 1939±48 (on leave 1947±48); practiced law in Richmond, VA, as a member of the firm of Hill and Robinson, later Hill, Martin and Robinson, 1943±55, and as sole practitioner, 1955±60; Dean of School of Law, Howard University, 1960±63; member of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1961±63; vice president and general counsel, Consolidated Bank and Trust Co., Richmond, VA, 1963±64; member of American Bar Association, Virginia State bar (judicial member); Bar Association of the District of Columbia (honorary); Bar Association of the city of Richmond, VA (honorary), fellow, Virginia Law Foundation; nominated by President Kennedy as judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on October 1, 1963; following adjournment of the Senate, received recess appointment as judge of said court under commission of President Johnson dated January 6, 1964, and took oath of office on January 7, 1964; nominated by President Johnson as judge of said court on February 3, 1964, confirmed by Senate on July 1, 1964, and took oath of office on July 7, 1964, under commission of President Johnson dated July 2, 1964; nominated by President Johnson as judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on October 6, 1966, confirmed by Senate on October 20, 1966, and took oath of office on November 9, 1966, under commission of President Johnson dated November 3, 1966 (served as chief judge May 7, 1981 to July 25, 1986).

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Circuit Executive.ÐLinda J. Ferren. Clerk.ÐRon H. Garvin. Chief Deputy Clerk.ÐMarilyn R. Sargent. Chief Staff Counsel.ÐMark J. Langer. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEDERAL CIRCUIT

717 Madison Place 20439, phone 633±6550

GLENN LEROY ARCHER, JR., chief judge; born March 21, 1929, in Densmore, KS; son of Glenn L. Archer and Ruth Agnes Ford; educated in Kansas public schools; B.A., Yale University, 1951; J.D., with honors, George Washington University Law School, 1954; married to Carole Joan Thomas; children: Susan, Sharon, Glenn III, and Thomas; First Lieuten- ant, Judge Advocate General's Office, U.S. Air Force, 1954±56; associate (1956±60) and partner (1960±81), Hamel, Park, McCabe and Saunders, Washington, DC; nominated in 1981 by President Ronald Reagan to be Assistant Attorney General for the Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice, and served in that position from December 1981 to December 1985; nominated in October 1985 by President Ronald Reagan to be circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Assumed duties of the office on December 23, 1985 and became chief judge on March 19, 1994. GILES SUTHERLAND RICH, circuit judge; born May 30, 1904, in Rochester, NY; son of Giles Willard and Sarah Sutherland Rich; education: public and private schools in Rochester, Horace Mann School for Boys in New York; S.B., Harvard College, 1926; LL.B., Columbia University School of Law, 1929; admitted to the New York bar and commenced practice in New York City in 1929; formerly married to Gertrude Verity Braun, 1931 (deceased); one daughter, Verity Sutherland (Verity S. Grinnell, M.D.); married, Helen Gill Field of Milton, MA and Washington, DC, 1953; practiced patent and trademark law in New York City as partner in the firms of Williams, Rich and Morse and Churchill; Rich, Weymouth and Engel; lecturer on patent law, Columbia University, 1942±56; adjunct professor of patent law, Georgetown University Law Center, 1963±69; honorary life member: Rochester, NY and Los Angeles Patent Law Associations; LL.D. (honoris causa), John Marshall Law School, Chicago, 1981 and the George Washington University, 1989; add Franklin Pierce Law Center, 1923; Columbia University School of Law's 1994 Medal for Excellence; member: American Bar Association, the Association of the Bar of the city of New York, New York Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law Association (past president), American Intellectual Property Law Association, Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals by President Eisenhower on July 19, 1956; assumed duties as judge on July 20, 1956; as of October 1, 1982, continued in office as judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to section 165, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law 97±164, 96 Stat. 50. PAULINE NEWMAN, circuit judge; born June 20, 1927, in New York, NY; daughter of Maxwell H. and Rosella G. Newman; B.A. degree from Vassar College in 1947; M.A. in pure science from Columbia University in 1948; Ph.D. degree in chemistry from Yale University in 1952; LL.B. degree from New York University School of Law in 1958; admitted to the New York bar in 1958 and to the Pennsylvania bar in 1979; worked as research scientist for the American Cyanamid Co. from 1951±54; worked for the FMC Corp. from 1954±84 as patent attorney and house counsel and, since 1969, as director of the Patent, Trademark, and Licensing Department; on leave from FMC Corp. worked for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a science policy specialist in the Department of Natural Sciences, 1961±62; offices in scientific and professional organiza- tions include: member of Council of the Patent, Trademark and Copyright Section of the American Bar Association, 1982±84; board of directors of the American Patent Law Associa- tion, 1981±84; vice president of the United States Trademark Association, 1978±79, and member of the board of directors, 1975±76, 1977±79; board of governors of the New York Patent Law Association, 1970±74; president of the Pacific Industrial Property Association, 1978±80; executive committee of the International Patent and Trademark Association, 1982± 84; board of directors: the American Chemical Society, 1973±75, 1976±78, 1979±81; American Institute of Chemists, 1960±66, 1970±76; member: board of trustees of Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 1983±84; patent policy board of State University of New York, 1983±84; national board of Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1975±84; board of directors of Research Corp., 1982±84; governmental committees include: State Department Advisory 839 840 Congressional Directory

Committee on International Intellectual Property, 1974±84; advisory committee to the Domestic Policy Review of Industrial Innovation, 1978±79; special advisory committee on Patent Office Procedure and Practice, 1972±74; member of the U.S. Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1982± 84; awarded Wilbur Cross Medal of Yale University Graduate School, 1989, the Jefferson Medal of the New Jersey Patent Law Association, 1988, and the Award for Outstanding Contributions in the Intellectual Property Field of the Pacific Industrial Property Association, 1987; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Reagan and entered upon duties of that office on May 7, 1984. H. ROBERT MAYER, circuit judge; born in Buffalo, NY, February 21, 1941; son of Haldane and Myrtle (Gaude) Mayer; educated in the public schools of Lockport, NY; B.S., U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY, 1963; and J.D., Marshall-Wythe School of Law, The College of William and Mary in Virginia, 1971; editor-in-chief, William and Mary Law Review, Omicron Delta Kappa; admitted to practice in Virginia and the District of Columbia; board of directors, William and Mary Law School Association, 1979±85; served in the U.S. Army, 1963±75, in the Infantry and the Judge Advocate General's Corps; awarded the Bronze Star Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Combat Infantryman Badge, Parachutist Badge, Ranger Tab, Ranger Combat Badge, Campaign and Service Ribbons; resigned from Regular Army and was commissioned in the U.S. Army Reserve, currently Lieutenant Colonel, retired; law clerk for Judge John D. Butzner, Jr., U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1971±72; private practice with McGuire, Woods and Battle in Charlottesville, VA, 1975±77; adjunct professor, University of Virginia School of Law, 1975±77, 1992±94, George Washington University National Law Center, 1992±present; Special Assistant to the Chief Justice of the United States, Warren E. Burger, 1977±80; private practice with Baker and McKenzie in Washington, DC, 1980± 81; Deputy and Acting Special Counsel (by designation of the President), U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 1981±82; appointed by President Reagan to the U.S. Claims Court, 1982; appointed by President Reagan to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, June 15, 1987; assumed duties of the office, June 19, 1987; Judicial Conference of the U.S. Committee on the International Appellate Judges Conference, 1988±91, Committee on Judicial Resources, 1990±present; married Mary Anne McCurdy, August 13, 1966; two daughters, Anne Christian and Rebecca Paige. PAUL R. MICHEL, circuit judge; born February 3, 1941, in Philadelphia, PA; son of Lincoln M. Michel and Dorothy Kelley; educated in public schools in Wayne and Radnor, PA; B.A., Williams College, 1963; J.D., University of Virginia Law School, 1966; married Sally Ann Clark, 1965 (divorced, 1987); children, Sarah Elizabeth and Margaret Kelley; married Dr. Elizabeth Morgan, 1989; Second Lieutenant, U.S. Army Reserve (1966±72); admit- ted to practice: Pennsylvania (1967), U.S. district court (1968), U.S. circuit court (1969), and U.S. Supreme Court (1969); assistant district attorney, Philadelphia, PA (1967±71); Deputy District Attorney for Investigations (1972±74); Assistant Watergate Special Prosecutor (1974± 75); assistant counsel, Senate Intelligence Committee (1975±76); deputy chief, Public Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice (1976±78); ``Koreagate'' prosecutor (1976±78); Associate Deputy Attorney General (1978±81); Acting Deputy Attorney General (Dec. 1979±Feb. 1980); counsel and administrative assistant to Senator Arlen Specter (1981± 88); nominated December 19, 1987 by President Ronald Reagan to be circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, confirmed by Senate on February 29, 1988, and assumed duties of the office on March 8, 1988. S. JAY PLAGER, circuit judge; born May 16, 1931, son of A.L. and Clara (Matross) Plager; educated public schools, Long Branch, NJ; A.B., University of North Carolina, 1952; J.D., University of Florida, with high honors, 1958; LL.M., Columbia University, 1961; Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Order of the Coif, Holloway fellow, University of North Carolina; Editor-in-Chief, University of Florida Law Review; Charles Evans Hughes Fellow, Columbia University; married to Ilene H. Nagel; three children; commissioned, Ensign U.S. Navy, 1952; active duty Korean conflict; honorable discharge as Commander, USNR, 1971; professor, Faculty of Law, University of Florida, 1958±64; University of Illinois, 1964±77; Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, 1977±89; visiting research professor of law, University of Wisconsin, 1967±68; visiting fellow, Trinity College and visiting professor, Cambridge University, 1980; visiting scholar, Stanford University Law School, 1984±85; dean and profes- sor, Indiana University School of Law, Bloomington, 1977±84; counselor to the Under Sec- retary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1986±87; Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President of the United States, 1987± 88; Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President of the United States, 1988±89; circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, appointed by President George Bush, November U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 841

1989; member: Administrative Conference of the United States, vice-chair, National Commis- sion on Judicial Discipline and Removal, Florida bar, Illinois bar; author of numerous articles and books. ALAN D. LOURIE, circuit judge; born January 13, 1935, in Boston, MA; son of Joseph Lourie and Rose Hurwitz; educated in public schools in Brookline, MA; A.B., Harvard Univer- sity, (1956); M.S., University of Wisconsin, (1958); Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, (1965); and J.D., Temple University, (1970); married to the former L. Elizabeth D. Schwartz; children, Deborah L. Rapoport and Linda S. Lourie; employed at Monsanto Company (chemist, 1957± 59); Wyeth Laboratories (chemist, literature scientist, patent liaison specialist, 1959±64); SmithKline Beecham Corporation, (Patent Agent, 1964±70; assistant director, Corporate Patents, 1970±76; director, Corporate Patents, 1976±77; vice president, Corporate Patents and Trade- marks and Associate General Counsel, 1977±90); vice chairman of the Industry Functional Advisory Committee on Intellectual Property Rights for Trade Policy Matters (IFAC 3) for the Department of Commerce and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (1987±90); Treasurer of the Association of Corporate Patent Counsel (1987±89); President of the Philadel- phia Patent Law Association (1984±85); member of the board of directors of the American Intellectual Property Law Association (formerly American Patent Law Association) (1982± 85); member of the U.S. delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, October±November 1982, March 1984; chairman of the Patent Committee of the Law Section of the Pharmaceutical Manufactur- ers Association (1980±85); member of the American Bar Association, the American Chemical Society, the Cosmos Club, and the Harvard Club of Washington; admitted to: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, U.S. Supreme Court; nominated January 25, 1990, by President George Bush to be circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, confirmed by Senate on April 5, 1990, and assumed duties of the office on April 11, 1990. RAYMOND C. CLEVENGER, III, circuit judge, born August 27, 1937, in Topeka, KS; son of R. Charles Clevenger and Mary Margaret Ramsey Clevenger; educated in the public schools in Topeka, Kansas, and at Phillips Academy, Andover, MA; B.A., Yale University, 1959; LL.B., Yale University, 1966; law clerk to Justice White, October term, 1966; practice of law at Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering, Washington, DC, 1967±90. Nominated by President George Bush on January 24, 1990, confirmed on April 27, 1990 and assumed duties on May 3, 1990. RANDALL R. RADER, circuit judge; born April 21, 1949 in Hastings, NE, son of Raymond A. Rader and Gloria R. Smith; higher education: B.A., Brigham Young University, 1971± 74, (magna cum laude), Phi Beta Kappa; J.D., George Washington University Law Center, 1974±78; married the former Sheryl Fluckiger, children: Larke, Samuel, Lisa, and Andrew. 1975±78: legislative assistant to Representative Virginia Smith; 1978±81: legislative director, counsel, House Committee on Ways and Means to Representative Philip M. Crane; 1981± 86: General Counsel, Chief Counsel, Subcommittee on the Constitution; 1987±88, Minority Chief Counsel, Staff Director, Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights, Senate Committee on Judiciary; 1988±90: Judge, U.S. Claims Court; 1990±present, Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, nominated by President George Bush on June 12, 1990; confirmed by Senate August 3, 1990, sworn in August 14, 1990, recipient: Outstanding Young Federal Lawyer Award by Federal Bar Association, 1983, bar member: District of Columbia, 1978, Supreme Court of the United States, 1984, U.S. Claims Court, 1988, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 1990. ALVIN A. SCHALL, circuit judge; born April 4, 1944, in New York City, NY; son of the late Gordon W. Schall and the late Helen D. Rogers; preparatory education: St. Paul's School, Concord, NH, 1956±62, graduated cum laude; higher education: B.A., Princeton University, 1962±66; J.D., Tulane Law School, 1966±69; married to the former Sharon Frances LeBlanc, children: Amanda and Anthony. 1969±73: associate with the law firm of Shearman and Sterling in New York City; 1973±78: Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, chief of the Appeals Division, 1977±78; 1978±87: Trial Attorney, Senior Trial Counsel, Civil Division, United States Depart- ment of Justice, Washington, DC; 1987±88: member of the Washington, DC law firm of Perlman and Partners; 1988±92: Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States; 1992±Present: Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, appointed by President George Bush on August 17, 1992, sworn in on August 19, 1992. Author: ``Federal Contract Disputes and Forums,'' Chapter 9 in Construction Litigation: Strategies and Techniques, published by John Wiley and Sons (Wiley Law Publications), 1989. Bar memberships: State of New York (1970), District of Columbia (1980), Supreme Court of 842 Congressional Directory the United States (1989), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1974), U.S. District Courts for the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York (1973), U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1991), United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1991), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (1982), and U.S. Court of Federal Claims, formerly the U.S. Claims Court (1978). WILLIAM CURTIS BRYSON, circuit judge; born August 19, 1945, in Houston, TX; son of William C. Bryson and Jeanne Sherrod; A.B., Harvard University, 1969; J.D., University of Texas School of Law, 1973; married to Julia Penny Clark; children: Alice and Ellen; law clerk to Hon. Henry J. Friendly, circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1973±74), and Hon. Thurgood Marshall, associate justice, U.S. Supreme Court (1974± 75); associate, Miller, Cassidy, Larroca and Lewin, Washington, DC (1975±78); Department of Justice, Criminal Division (1979±86), Office of Solicitor General (1978±79, 1986±94), and Office of the Associate Attorney General (1994); nominated in June 1994 by President Clinton to be circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and assumed duties of the office on October 7, 1994. WILSON COWEN, senior judge; born near Clifton, TX, December 20, 1905; son of John R. and Florence (McFadden) Cowen; LL.B., University of Texas, 1928; married to Florence Elizabeth Walker, April 18, 1930; children: Wilson Walker and John Elwin; admitted to Texas bar in 1928; private practice in Dalhart, TX, 1928±34; county judge, Dallam County, TX, 1935±38; State director for Texas, 1938±40, and regional director, 1940±42, Farm Security Administration, region XII; commissioner, U.S. Court of Claims, 1942±43; assistant adminis- trator, War Food Administration, 1943±44; returned to the Court of Claims as commissioner in 1945, and was designated chief commissioner in 1959; nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson as chief judge, U.S. Court of Claims, June 16, 1964, and assumed duties of the office July 14, 1964; retired from active service as chief judge, March 1, 1977, and assumed status as senior judge; as of October 1, 1982, continued in office as senior judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to section 165, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law 97±164, 96 Stat. 50. BYRON G. SKELTON, senior judge; born in Florence, Williamson County, TX, September 1, 1905; son of Clarence Edgar and Avis (Bowmer) Skelton; graduated from Clarendon Texas High School in 1923; student at Baylor University, Waco, TX, 1923±24; B.A. (1927), M.A. (1928), and LL.B. (1931), University of Texas, Austin, TX; married to Ruth Alice Thomas, November 28, 1931; children: Sue Helen (Mrs. Jerry Ramsey) and Sandra (Mrs. Robert T. Farrell); admitted to State bar of Texas in 1931; private practice of law in Temple, TX, 1931±42, 1945±66; county attorney of Bell County, TX, 1934±38; special assistant to the U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, 1942±45; city attorney of Temple, TX, 1945±60; admitted to practice before U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals (5th Circuit) (1937), U.S. Supreme Court (1946), Federal Communications Commission (1950), Tax Court of the United States (1952), U.S. Treasury Department (1952), Interstate Commerce Commission (1953); member: Bell- Lampasas-Mills Counties Texas Bar Association (past president), American Bar Association, American Law Institute, American Judicature Society; served on the Grievance Committee, Committee on Administration of Justice and Legislative Committee of the State bar of Texas; Phi Beta Kappa, Pi Sigma Alpha, Delta Theta Phi, and Sigma Delta Pi; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of Claims, August 17, 1966, confirmed by the U.S. Senate, October 20, 1966, and assumed duties of that office on November 9, 1966; retired from active service May 1, 1977, and assumed senior judge status; continued in office as senior judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to section 165, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law 97±164, 96 Stat. 50; office: W.R. Poage Federal Building, Temple, TX 76504. MARION T. BENNETT, senior judge; born in Buffalo, MO, June 6, 1914; son of former Congressman Phillip Allen Bennett and Mary Bertha (Tinsley) Bennett; received A.B. degree from Southwest Missouri State University, 1935; J.D. degree, Washington University School of Law; St. Louis, MO (1938); received distinguished awards from both universities; married June Young of Hurley, MO, April 27, 1941; children: Ann and William Philip; admitted to Missouri Bar (1938); private practice of law, Springfield, MO, 1938±43; admitted to bar of the District of Columbia (1956); elected to U.S. House of Representatives (R), 6th District of Missouri, and served in the 78th, 79th, and 80th Congresses, 1943±49; appointed and served as a Commissioner, U.S. Court of Claims, 1949±64, when appointed Chief Commis- sioner of the Trail Division, serving until July 7, 1972; Colonel (ret.), USAFR, decorated, Legion of Merit; member: Reserve Officers Association, American Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, National Council of the Federal Bar Association (1958±76), United States Association of Former Members of Congress; past president, Bethesda-Chevy Chase chapter of the National Exchange Club; former trustee and chairman (two terms) U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 843 of the board, Chevy Chase United Methodist Church; nominated by President Richard Nixon as judge of the U.S. Court of Claims on May 22, 1972, confirmed by the Senate on June 28, 1972, and assumed the duties of that office from July 7, 1992 to October 1, 1982; circuit judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, as of October 1, 1982; senior circuit judge as of March 1, 1986. DANIEL M. FRIEDMAN, senior circuit judge; born New York, NY, February 8, 1916; son of Henry M. and Julia (Freedman) Friedman; attended the Ethical Culture Schools in New York City; A.B., Columbia College, 1937; LL.B., Columbia Law School, 1940; married to Leah L. Lipson (deceased), January 16, 1955; married to Elizabeth M. Ellis, October 18, 1975; admitted to New York bar, 1941; private practice, New York, NY, 1940±42; legal staff, Securities and Exchange Commission, 1942, 1946±51; served in the U.S. Army, 1942±46; Appellate Section, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1951±59; assistant to the Solicitor General, 1959±62; second assistant to the Solicitor General, 1962±68; First Deputy Solicitor General, 1968±78; Acting Solicitor General, January±March 1977; nominated by President Carter as chief judge of the U.S. Court of Claims, March 22, 1978; confirmed by the Senate, May 17, 1978, and assumed duties of the office on May 24, 1978; as of October 1, 1982, continued in office as judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to section 165, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law 97±164, 96 Stat. 50. EDWARD SAMUEL SMITH, senior judge; born in Birmingham, AL, March 27, 1919; son of Joseph Daniel Zadock and Sarah Jane (Tatum) Smith; educated in the public schools of Jefferson County, AL; Alabama Polytechnic Institute (now Auburn University), 1936± 38 (mechanical engineering); B.A., University of Virginia, 1941, and LL.B., (now J.D.), University of Virginia Law School, 1947; admitted to the practice of law in Virginia, 1947, the District of Columbia, 1948, and Maryland, 1953; associate and partner, Blair, Korner Doyle and Appel, Washington, 1947±54; partner, Blair, Korner, Doyle and Worth, 1954± 61; chief of the Trial Section (1961) and Assistant for Civil Trials (1962±63) Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice; partner and head of the tax department, Piper and Marbury, Baltimore, 1963±78 (managing partner 1971±74); enlisted USNR, June 1941, active duty September 1941; separated as lieutenant, USNR, February 1946 and retired as commander, USNR, July 1, 1968; member, American Bar Association, Section of Taxation (chairman, Committee on Cooperation With State and Local Bar Associations, 1972±74), Section of Litigation (chairman, Committee on Tax Litigation, 1977±78), Section of Corporation, Banking and Business Law, Section of Economics of Law Practice), Maryland State Bar Association (chairman, Section of Taxation, 1971±72), the Bar Association of the City of Baltimore, Baltimore Association of Tax Counsel, National Tax AssociationÐTax Institute of America, Federal Bar Association, the Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Virginia State bar, District of Columbia bar, permanent member Judicial Conference of the Fourth Circuit, and chairman, 1979 Court of Claims Judicial Conference; adjunct professor of law, Cumberland School of Law, Samford University, 1992± present; director, Roland Park Civic League, Inc., 1977±78; president, Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, DC, 1956±58; married to Innes Adams Comer, 1942 (deceased 1991); children: Edward S., Jr., and Innes Comer (Mrs. Ronald F. Richards); recommended for appointment to the U.S. Court of Claims by the U.S. Committee on Selection of Federal Judicial Officers and nominated by President Carter to be an associate judge, U.S. Court of Claims on June 30, 1978, confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 26, 1978, commissioned July 28, 1978, and took the oath of office and assumed duties of the office on August 3, 1978; as of October 1, 1982, continued in office as judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to section 165, Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law 97± 164, 96 Stat. 50, assumed senior status June 1, 1989.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT Clerk.ÐJan Horbaly, 633±6550. Chief Deputy Clerk.Ð[Vacant]. Administrative Services Officer.ÐRuth A. Butler, 633±6588. Senior Technical Assistant.ÐMelvin L. Halpern, 633±6564. Librarian.ÐPatricia McDermott, 633±5871. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

E. Barrett Prettyman U.S. Courthouse, 333 Constitution Avenue 20001 phone (202) 273±0435, FAX 273±0326 JOHN GARRETT PENN, chief judge; born in Pittsfield, MA, March 19, 1932; son of John and Eugenie Heyliger Penn; married to Ann Elizabeth Rollison of Lenox, MA, May 7, 1966; children: John, Karen, and David; MA; A.B., University of Massachusetts (Amherst), 1954; LL.B., Boston University School of Law, 1957; admitted to the bars of Massachusetts, 1957 and District of Columbia, 1970; U.S. Army, first lieutenant, Judge Advocate General Corps, 1958±61; attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Tax Division, 1961±70; trial attorney, 1961±65, reviewer, 1965±68, assistant chief, 1968±70; National Institute of Public Affairs Fellow, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1967±68; Awarded the Charles Hamilton Houston Medallion of Merit by the Washington Bar Association, May 1996; Member of the Judicial Council of the District of Columbia Circuit; Member of the Judicial Conference of the United States; appointed judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia by President Richard Nixon, October 1970; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Jimmy Carter, March 23, 1979, and took oath of office, May 15, 1979; Chief Judge March 1, 1992. NORMA HOLLOWAY JOHNSON, judge; born in Lake Charles, LA; daughter of H. Lee and Beatrice Williams Holloway; married to Julius A. Johnson of St. Louis, MO, June 18, 1964; B.S., University of the District of Columbia, 1955; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1962; admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, 1962; attorney, civil division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1963±67; Office of Corporation Counsel, District of Columbia, 1967±70; judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1970±80; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Jimmy Carter, May 12, 1980, and took oath of office, July 8, 1980. THOMAS PENFIELD JACKSON, judge; born Washington, DC, January 10, 1937; A.B., Dartmouth College, 1958; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1964; line officer aboard U.S. Navy destroyer, 1958±61; admitted to bars of District of Columbia (1965), Maryland (1966), and U.S. Supreme Court (1970); private practice of law in the District of Columbia and Maryland, with firm of Jackson and Campbell, P.C., 1965±82; president, bar association of the District of Columbia, 1981±82; fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; appointed judge of U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Ronald Reagan, June 25, 1982. THOMAS F. HOGAN, judge; born in Washington, DC, May 31, 1938; son of Adm. Bartholomew W. (MC) (USN) Surgeon Gen., USN, 1956±62, and Grace (Gloninger) Hogan; married to Martha L. Wyrick (M.D.), July 16, 1966; one son, Thomas Garth; Georgetown Preparatory School, 1956; A.B., Georgetown University (classical), 1960; master's program, American and English literature, George Washington University, 1960±62; J.D., Georgetown University, 1966; St. Thomas More Fellow, Georgetown University Law Center, 1965±66; American Jurisprudence Award: Corporation Law; member: bars of the District of Columbia and Maryland; law clerk to Hon. William B. Jones, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1966±67; counsel, Federal Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, 1967±68; private practice of law in the District of Columbia and Maryland, 1968±82; adjunct professor of law, Potomac School of Law, 1977±79; adjunct professor of law, Georgetown University Law Center, 1986±88; public member, officer evaluation board, U.S. Foreign Serv- ice, 1973; member: American Bar Association, State Chairman, Maryland Drug Abuse Edu- cation Program, Young Lawyers Section, 1970±73, District of Columbia Bar Association, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Maryland State Bar Association, Montgomery County Bar Association, served on many committees, National Institute for Trial Advocacy, Defense Research Institute; chairman, board of directors, Christ Child Institute for Emotionally Ill Children, 1971±74; member, The Barristers, The Lawyers Club, USDC Executive Commit- tee; Conference Committee on Administration of Federal Magistrates System 1988±91; Chair- man Inter-Circuit Assignment Committee, 1990±; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Ronald Reagan on October 4, 1982. 844 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 845

STANLEY SPORKIN, judge; born in Philadelphia, PA, February 7, l932; son of Hon. Maurice W. Sporkin (decreased), judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, PA, and Ethel Sporkin (deceased), married to Judith Sally Imber, September 30, 1955; children: Elizabeth Michael, Daniel Paul, and Thomas Abraham; A.B., Pennsylvania State University, 1953; LL.B., Yale University, 1957; member, Pennsylvania and Delaware bars, 1958, and the District of Columbia bar, 1963; admitted to practice before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, 1958, Delaware Supreme Court, 1958, U.S. district court for the District of Columbia, 1963, U.S. Supreme Court, 1964, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1975, and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1978; law clerk to Hon. Caleb M. Wright, chief judge of the district court for the District of Delaware, 1957±60; law clerk to Hon. Paul Leahy, senior judge for the U.S. district court for the District of Delaware, 1960; practiced law as an associate in the firm of Haley Wollenberg and Bader, 1960±61; Securities and Exchange Commission, 1961±81 (staff attorney, Special Studies of the Securities Markets, 1961±63; Division of Trading and Markets, 1963; chief, Branch of Enforcement, 1963±66; chief enforcement attorney, office of enforcement, 1966±67; assistant director, enforcement, 1966±68; associate director, enforcement, 1968±72; deputy director of enforcement, 1972± 74; director of enforcement, 1974±81); general counsel, Central Intelligence Agency, 1981± 86; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Ronald Reagan on December 17, 1985. ROYCE C. LAMBERTH, judge; born in San Antonio, TX, July 16, 1943; son of Nell Elizabeth Synder and Larimore S. Lamberth, Sr.; married Janis Kay Jost, June 17, 1979; South San Antonio High School, 1961; B.A., University of Texas at Austin, 1966; LL.B., University of Texas School of Law, 1967; permanent president, class of 1967, University of Texas School of Law; 1967±74, U.S. Army (Captain, Judge Advocate General's Corps, 1968±74; Vietnam Service Medal, Air Medal, Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Cluster, Meritorious Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster); 1974±87, assistant U.S. attorney, District of Columbia (chief, civil division, 1978±87); President's Reorganization Project, Federal Legal Representa- tion Study, 1978±79; honorary faculty, Army Judge Advocate General's School, 1976; Attorney General's Special Commendation Award; Attorney General's John Marshall Award, 1982; vice chairman, Armed Services and Veterans Affairs Committee, Section on Administrative Law, American Bar Association, 1979±82, chairman, 1983±84; chairman, Professional Ethics Committee, 1989±91; co-chairman, Committee of Article III Judges, Judiciary Section 1989± present; chairman, Federal Litigation Section, 1986±87; chairman, Federal Rules Committee, 1985±86; deputy chairman, Council of the Federal Lawyer, 1980±83; chairman, Career Service Committee, Federal Bar Association, 1978±80; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Ronald Reagan, November 16, 1987.

* * * GLADYS KESSLER, judge, born in New York, NY, January 22, 1938; Education: B.A., Cornell University, 1959; LL.B. Harvard Law School, 1962; member: American Judicature Society (board of directors, 1985±89); National Center for State Courts (board of directors, 1984±87); National Association of Women Judges (president, 1979±81); Women Judges' Fund for Justice, (president, 1980±82); Fellows of the American Bar Foundation; President's Council of Cornell Women; American Law Institute; American Bar AssociationÐcommittees: Alter- native Dispute Resolution, Bioethics and AIDS; private law practiceÐpartner, Roisman, Kessler and Cashdan, 1969±77; associate judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1977± 94; court administrative activites: District of Columbia Courts Joint Committee on Judicial Administration, 1989±94; Domestic Violence Coordinating Council (chairperson, 1993±94); Multi-Door Dispute Resolution Program (supervising judge, 1985±90); family division, D.C. Superior Court (presiding judge, 1981±85); appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Bill Clinton, June 16, 1994, and took oath of office, July 18, 1994. PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, judge, born in Buffalo, NY, February 20, 1944; son of Cecil A. and Charlotte Wagner Friedman; married to Elizabeth Ann Zicherman, May 25, 1975; education: B.A. (political science), Cornell University, 1965; J.D., cum laude, School of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1968; admitted to the bars of the District of Columbia, New York, U.S. Supreme Court, and U.S. Courts of Appeals for the D.C., Federal, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth and Eleventh Circuits; Law Clerk to Judge Aubrey E. Robinson, Jr., U.S. district court for the District of Columbia, 1968±69; Law Clerk to Judge Roger Robb, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1969±70; Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1970±74; assistant to the Solicitor General of the United States, 1974±76; associate independent counsel, Iran-Contra investigation, 1987±88, private law practice, White and Case (partner, 1979±94; associate, 1976±79); member: American Bar Association, District of Columbia bar (president, 1986± 846 Congressional Directory

87), American Law Institute, American Academy of Appellate Lawyers, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Washington Bar Association, Hispanic Bar Association, Assistant United States Attorneys Association of the District of Columbia (president, 1976±77), Civil Justice Reform Act Advisory Group (chair, 1991±94), District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission (member, 1990±94; chair, 1992±94), Advisory Committee on Procedures, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1982±88), Grievance Committee; U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (member, 1981±87; chair, 1983±85); fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; fellow, American Bar Foundation; board of directors: Frederick B. Abramson Memorial Foundation (president, 1991±94), Washington Area Lawyers for the Arts (1988±92), Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless (member, 1987±92; vice-president 1988±91), Stuart Stiller Memorial Foundation (1980±94), American Judicatur Society (1990±94), District of Columbia Public Defender Service (1989±92); member: Cosmos Club, Lawyers Club of Washington; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President William Clinton, June 16, 1994, and took oath of office August 1, 1994.

RICARDO M. URBINA, judge; 51, sits on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; born of an Honduran father and Puerto Rican mother in Manhattan, New York; attended Georgetown University and Georgetown Law Center before working as a staff attorney with the D.C. Public Defender Service; after a period of private practice with an emphasis on commerical litigation, joined the faculty of Howard University School of Law, directed the university's criminal justice clinic and taught criminal law, criminal procedure and torts; voted Professor of the Year by the Howard Law School student body, 1978; nominated to the D.C. Superior Court by President Carter, 1980; appointed to the bench as President Reagan's first presidential judicial appointment and the first Hispanic judge in the history of the District of Columbia, 1981; during his thirteen years on the Superior Court, Judge Urbina served as Chief Presiding Judge of the Family Division for three years and chaired the committee that drafted the Child Support Guidelines later adopted as the District of Columbia's child support law; managed a criminal calendar 1989±90 that consisted exclusively of first degree murder, rape and child molestation cases; designated by the Chief Judge to handle a special calendar consisting of complex civil litigation; twice recognized by the United States Department of Health and Human Services for his work with children and families; selected one of the Washingtonians of the Year by Washington Magazine, 1986; received Hugh Johnson Memorial Award for his many contributions to ``...the creation of harmony among diverse elements of the community and the bar by D.C. Hispanic Bar Association;'' received the Hispanic National Bar Association's 1993 award for demonstrated commitment to the ``Preservation of Civil and Constitutional Rights of All Americans'', and the 1995 NBC-Hispanic Magazine National VIDA Award in recognition of lifetime com- munity service; adjunct professor at the George Washington University Law School since 1993; served as a visting instructor of trial advocacy at the Harvard Law School, 1996± 97; appointment by President Clinton to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 1994 made him the first Latino ever appointed to the federal bench in Washington, D.C. Bar Association, 1994; appointed by Chief Justice Rehnquist to serve on the Federal Judicial Conference Committee on Security, Space and Facilities, 1997.

EMMET G. SULLIVAN, judge; born in Washington, DC, to Emmet A. Sullivan and the late Eileen G. Sullivan; graduated McKinley High School, 1964; B.A., Howard University, 1968; J.D., Howard University Law School, 1971; married to Nan Sullivan; two sons, Emmett and Erik; law clerk to Judge James A. Washington, Jr.; joined the law firm of Houston and Gardner, 1973±80, became a partner; thereafter was a partner with Houston, Sullivan and Gardner; board of directors of the D.C. Law Students in Court Program; D.C. Judicial Conference Voluntary Arbitration Committee; Nominating Committee of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia; U.S. District Court Committee on Grievances; adjunct professor at Howard University School of Law; member: National Bar Association, Washington Bar Association, Lawyer's Club, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, The Fellows of the American Bar Foundation, and the American Bar Association; appointed by President Reagan to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia as an associate judge, 1984; deputy presiding judge and presiding judge of the probate and tax division; chairperson of the rules committees for the probate and tax divisions; member: Court Rules Committee and the Jury Plan Committee; appointed by President George Bush to serve as an associate judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1991; chairperson for the nineteenth annual judicial conference of the District of Columbia, 1994; appointed by chief judge Wagner, to chair the ``Task Force on Families and Violence for the District of Columbia Courts''; nominated to the U.S. District Court by President William Clinton on March 22, 1994; and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 15, 1994. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 847

JAMES ROBERTSON, judge; born in Cleveland, OH; May 18, 1938; son of Frederick Irving and Doris (Byars) Robertson; married to Berit Selma Persson of AÊ nge, Sweden, Septem- ber 19, 1959; children: Stephen, Catherine, and Peter; educated at Western Reserve Academy, Hudson, OH; A.B., Princeton University, 1959 (Woodrow Wilson School); served as an officer in the U.S. Navy, on destroyers and in the Office of Naval Intelligence, 1959± 64; LL.B., George Washington University, 1965 (editor-in-chief, George Washington Law Review); admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, 1966; associate, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering, 1965±69; chief counsel, litigation office, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Jackson, MS, 1969±70; executive director, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Washington, DC, 1971±72; partner, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering, 1973±94; co-chair, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1985±87, president, Southern Africa Legal Services and Legal Education Project, Inc., 1989±94; president, District of Colum- bia bar, 1991±92; fellow, American College of trial Lawyers; fellow, American Bar Foundation; appointed U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia by President Clinton on October 11, 1994 and took oath of office on December 31, 1994. COLLEEN KOLLAR±KOTELLEY, judge; born in New York City; daughter of Konstantine and Irene Kollar; married to John Kotelly; attended billingual schools in Mexico, Ecuador and Venezualla, and Georgetwon Visitation Preparatory School in Washington, D.C.; received B.A. degree in English at Catholic University (Delta Epsilon Honor Society); received J.D. at Catholic University's Columbus School of Law (Moot Court Board of Governors); law clerk to Hon. Catherine B. Kelly, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1968±69; attorney, United States Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Appellate Section (1969±72); chief legal counsel, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Department of Health and Human Services, 1972± 84; received Saint Elizabeth's Hospital Certificate of Appreciation, 1981; Meritorious Achieve- ment Award from Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), Department of Health and Human Services, 1981, appointed judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia by President Ronald Reagan, October 3, 1984, took oath of office October 21, 1984; served as Deputy Presiding Judge, Criminial Division, January 1996± April 1997; received Achievement Recognition Award, Hispanic Heritage CORO Awards Celebration, 1996; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by Presi- dent William Jefferson Clinton on March 26, 1997, took oath of office May 12, 1997.

OLIVER GASCH, senior judge; born in Washington, DC, May 4, 1906; son of Herman E. and Marie (Manning) Gasch; married Sylvia Meyer of Washington, DC; one son, Michael Barrett Gasch; A.B., Princeton University, 1928; LL.B., George Washington University Law School, 1932; admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, 1931; private practice, 1931± 37; assistant corporation counsel, District of Columbia 1937±53; principal assistant, U.S. attor- ney, 1953±56; U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, 1956±61; partner, Craighill, Aiello, Gasch and Craighill, 1961±65; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Johnson and entered upon the duties of that office August 16, 1965; presiding judge, special panel, Regional Rail Reorganization Court; member, general panel, Regional Rail Reorganization Court; president, District of Columbia Bar Association, 1964±65; member, House of Delegates, American Bar Association, 1964±65; fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; American Law Institute; fellow, American Bar Foundation; chairman, Committee of the General Counsel, Federal Bar Association; the Barristers (past president); the Lawyers Club; the National Lawyers Club; the Counsellors Club; member, Phi Delta Phi Legal Fraternity; Order of the Coif; general counsel, Interstate Commission on Potomac River 1940±60; US Army, 1942±46, (separated as lieutenant colonel). WILLIAM BENSON BRYANT, senior judge; born Wetumpka, AL, September 18, 1911; son of Benson and Alberta Bryant; married to Astaire A. Gonzalez, August 25, 1934; children: Astaire and William, Jr.; A.B., Howard University, 1932; LL.B., Howard University Law School, 1936; served in U.S. Army, World War II, 1943±47; member of the bar of the District of Columbia and of the Supreme Court of the United States; assistant U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, 1951±54; private practice of law in District of Columbia as partner in firm of Houston, Bryant and Gardner, 1954±65; member: Committee on Admissions and Grievances of U.S. District Court for District of Columbia, 1959±65; District of Columbia Board of Appeals and Review, District of Columbia Special Police Trial Board, American Bar Association, National Lawyers' Club (honorary); appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 11, 1965, and entered upon the duties of that office on August 16, 1965; served as chief judge, 1977±81; took senior judge status on January 31, 1982.

AUBREY E. ROBINSON, JR., senior judge; born in Madison, NJ, March 30, 1922; son of Aubrey E. and Mabel J. Robinson; married to Sara E. Payne (deceased), December 31, 848 Congressional Directory

1946; children: Paula Elaine Collins and Sheryl Louise; married to Doris A. Washington, March 17, 1973; B.A., Cornell University, 1943; LL.B., Cornell Law School, 1947; served in the U.S. Army, 1943±46; member of the bars of the State of New York and the District of Columbia; private practice of law in the District of Columbia, 1948±65; board of trustees, United Planning Organization, 1963±66; board of directors: Family Service Association of America, 1958±67; Family and Child Services of Washington, DC, 1954±63; Washington Action for Youth, 1962±64; District of Columbia Public Welfare Advisory Council, 1963± 65; Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer Foundation, 1969±85; Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area, 1969±74; American Bar Association Advisory Committee on Judges' Function, 1970±72; American Bar Association Committee on Courts and the Commu- nity, 1972±78; Judicial Conference Committee on Court Facilities and Design, 1971±78; chair- man, National Conference of Federal Trial Judges, 1973±74; Cornell University Council, 1976±78; Judicial Conference Committee on the Administration of Criminal Law, 1976±82; adjunct professor, Washington College of Law, American University, 1975±84; board of direc- tors, Federal Judicial Center, 1978±82; Cornell University Board of Trustees, 1982±91; member, Judicial Conference of the United States, 1982±92; Executive Committee, Judicial Conference of the United States, 1985±90; associate judge of the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia, 1965±66; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 3, 1966; chief judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, September 20, 1982; March 1, 1992, senior status since March 1, 1992. JUNE LAZENBY GREEN, senior judge; born in Arnold, MD, January 23, 1914; daughter of Eugene H. Lazenby and Jessie (Briggs) Lazenby; married to John Cawley Green, September 5, 1936; J.D., American University (Washington College of Law), 1941; private practice of law in Maryland and District of Columbia for approximately 25 years; bar examiner for the District of Columbia; member: Committee on Admissions and Grievances of U.S. district court for the District of Columbia, 1963±68; president, Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1955±57; director, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1966±68; founder, National Lawyers Club, Washington, DC; member: Kappa Beta Pi legal sorority, American Bar Association; Bar Association of the District of Columbia, and Maryland State Bar Association; appointed judge of U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Johnson, April 11, 1968, and took oath of office June 18, 1968; also appointed judge of the Regional Rail Reorganization Court, April 1987. THOMAS A. FLANNERY, senior judge; born in Washington, DC, May 10 1918; married to Rita Sullivan; children: Irene and Thomas, Jr.; educated in the parochial schools in Washing- ton; LL.B., Columbus University Law School (now Catholic University), 1940; admitted to the District of Columbia bar, 1940; U.S. Air Force, combat intelligence officer, 1942±45; assistant U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, 1950±62; partner in law firm of Hamilton and Hamilton, 1962±69; nominated U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia by President Nixon, 1969; served as U.S. attorney, 1969±71; member of the Judicial Conference of the District of Columbia Circuit for many years; served on a number of committees, including Committee on the Administration of Justice of the Judicial Council; active in the District of Columbia Bar Association; member, board of directors of the District of Columbia Bar Association; member of the board of trustees of the Legal Aid Agency of the District of Columbia; special hearing officer for the Department of Justice, 1964±68, in conscientious objector cases; lectured at the Northwestern University School of Law for many years; fellow in the American College of Trial Lawyers; nominated judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, November 18, 1971, by President Richard M. Nixon, confirmed by the Senate on December 1, 1971. LOUIS FALK OBERDORFER, senior judge; born in Birmingham, AL, February 21, 1919; son of A. Leo and Stella Falk Oberdorfer; married to Elizabeth Weil of Montgomery, AL, July 31, 1941; children: John, Kathryn, Thomas, and William; A.B., Dartmouth College, 1939; LL.B., Yale Law School, 1946 (editor in chief, Yale Law Journal, 1941); admitted to the bar of Alabama, 1947, District of Columbia, 1949; U.S. Army, rising from private to captain, 1941±45; law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black, 1946±47; attorney, Paul Weiss, Wharton, Garrison, 1947±51; partner, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering, and predecessor firms, 1951±61 and 1965±77; Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1961±65; president, District of Columbia Bar, 1977; transition chief executive officer, Legal Services Corp., 1975; cochairman, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1967± 69; member, Advisory Committee on Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 1963±84; visiting lecturer, Yale Law School, 1966, 1971; adjunct professor, Georgetown Law Center, 1993± present; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Jimmy Carter on October 11, 1977, and took oath of office on November 1, 1977; senior status July 31, 1992. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 849

HAROLD H. GREENE, senior judge; born in Frankfurt, Germany, February 6, 1923; son of Irving and Edith Greene; married to Evelyn Schroer, September 19, 1948; children: Michael David and Stephanie Alison; education: George Washington University, 1949; J.D., George Washington University Law School, 1952; in U.S. Army, 1944±46; admitted to the bars of the District of Columbia, State of Maryland, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Circuits, and the U.S. Court of Military Appeals; member: American Bar Association, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, World Trial Judges Association, American Judicature Society, National Lawyers' Club, Order of the Coif, Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity; assistant U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, 1953±57; Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice, 1957; civil rights division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1958±65; associate judge, District of Columbia Court of General Sessions, 1965±66; chief judge, District of Columbia Court of General Sessions, 1966±71; chief judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1971±78; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Carter, May 17, 1978, and took oath of office June 22, 1978. JOYCE HENS GREEN, senior judge; born in New York, NY, November 13, 1928; daughter of James S. and Hedy Bucher Hens; married to Samuel Green (deceased), September 25, 1965; children: Michael Timothy, June Heather, and James Harry; education: B.A., University of Maryland, 1949; J.D., George Washington University Law School, 1951; admitted to bars of the District of Columbia, 1951 and Virginia, 1955; member: American Bar Association, District of Columbia bar, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Virginia State bar, Arlington County, VA, Bar Association, Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia (president, 1960±62), Federal Judges Association, ABA Judicial Administration Division, Exec- utive Committee, Federal Trial Judges; American Judicature Society, fellow: American Bar Foundation, Kappa Beta Pi, Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity, National Lawyers Club; Lawyers' Club of Washington; board of advisors, George Washington University National Law Center; private law practice, 1951±68; partner, Green and Green, 1966±68; associate judge, District of Columbia Court of General Sessions, 1968±71; associate judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1971±79; judge, U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 1988± 95, presiding since 1990±95; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Carter, May 11, 1979, and took oath of office, June 27, 1979. STANLEY S. HARRIS, senior judge; born in Washington, DC, October 19, 1927; son of Stanley Raymond and Elizabeth Sutherland Harris; married to Rebecca L. Ashley, August 1, 1964; sons: Scott S., Todd A., and Mark A.; U.S. Army (sergeant), 1945±47; attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1945; B.S., University of Virginia, 1951, LL.B., 1953 (articles editor, Virginia Law Review); associate and partner, Hogan and Hartson, Washington, DC, 1953±70; judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia (appointed by President Nixon), 1971±72; attended National College of State Judiciary, Reno, NV, in 1971; judge, District of Columbia Court of Appeals (appointed by President Nixon), 1972±82; attended senior appellate judges' seminar, N.Y.U., 1973; U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia (appointed by President Reagan), 1982±83; appointed by President Reagan on November 14, 1983, to become U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia, took oath of office December 2, 1983; member: Committee on Criminal Law of the Judicial Conference of the United States, 1988±94; chairman, Committee on Intercircuit Assignments of the Judicial Conference of the U.S., 1994±present; District of Columbia bar, the Bar Association of the District of Columbia (chairman, Annual Convention Committee, 1969±70; board of directors, 1968± 71); the American Bar Association; Federal Communications Bar Association (assistant sec- retary, 1964±65, secretary, 1965±66, executive committee, 1966±69); board of trustees, Landon School Corporation, 1965±68, 1983±85; member: Chevy Chase Club, The Barristers, Lawyers Club of Washington, Phi Kappa Sigma, The Raven Society, and Pi Delta Epsilon.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Clerk.ÐNancy Mayer-Whittington. United States Magistrate Judges.ÐPatrick J. Attridge; Deborah A. Robinson; Alan Kay. Bankruptcy Judge.ÐS. Martin Teel, Jr. Chief Probation Officer.ÐRichard A. Houck, Jr. UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

One Federal Plaza, New York NY 10007, phone 212±264±2900 GREGORY W. CARMAN, chief judge; born in Farmingdale, Long Island, NY, January 31, 1937; son of retired District Court Judge Willis B. and Marjorie Sosa Carman; B.A., St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, 1958; national exchange student, 1956±57, studying at the University of Paris through Sweet Briar College Junior Year in France Program; J.D., St. John's University School of Law, (honors program), 1961; member, St. John's Law Review; University of Virginia Law School, JAG (with honors), 1962; Master in Taxation Program, New York University School of Law; captain, U.S. Army, 1958±64, stationed with the 2d Infantry Division, Fort Benning, GA; received Army Commendation Medal for meritori- ous service, 1964; admitted to the New York bar, 1961; practiced law with the firm of Carman, Callahan and Sabino, Farmingdale, NY; admitted to practice in U.S. Court of Military Appeals, 1962; certified by Judge Advocate General to practice at general court martial trials, 1962; admitted to practice in the U.S. District Courts, Eastern District of New York and Southern District of New York, 1965; Second Circuit Court of Appeals, 1966; Supreme Court of the United States, 1967; U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia, 1982; Council- man for the town of Oyster Bay, 1972±80; member, U.S. House of Representatives, 97th Congress, appointed to Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Committee and Select Committee on Aging, 1981±82; member, International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy Subcommit- tee of House Banking Committee, 1981±82; U.S. congressional delegate, International I.M.F. Conference, 1982; nominated by President Ronald Reagan, confirmed and appointed to the U.S. Court of International Trade, March 3, 1983; became chief judge, 1996; served as acting chief judge, 1991; bicentennial commission of Nassau County; Rotary International, 1964±present; named a Paul Harris Fellow of the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International; United Way, town of Oyster Bay, chairman, 1973±76; member, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks; past president, savings and loan league committee, New York chapter of the American Bar Association; member: American Bar Association; Fellow American Bar Foundation; mem- ber, New York State Bar Association, chairman, NYSBA Committee on Courts and the Community; receipient of 1996 Special Recognition Award from NYSBA's Committee on Courts and the Community; president, Protestant Lawyers Association of Long Island; member, Vestry, St. Thomas's Episcopal Church, Farmingdale, NY, 1992±94; Fellow, American College of Mortgage Attorneys; Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity; district committee, Nassau County Council of Boy Scouts of America, 1964 to present; past vice chairman, Paumanok Boy Scout District; district chairman, United Cerebral Palsy; member: Holland Society; Sigma Chi, social fraternity; married to Judith L. Carman; children: Gregory Wright, Jr., John Fred- erick, James Matthew, and Mira Catherine. JANE A. RESTANI, judge; husband, Ira Bloom; born February 27, 1948 in San Francisco, CA; parents, Emilia C. and Roy J. Restani; B.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1969; J.D., University of California at Davis, 1973; law review staff writer, 1971±72; articles editor, 1972±73; member, Order of the Coif; elected to Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society; admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of California, 1973; joined the civil division of the Department of Justice under the Attorney General's Honor Program, 1973 as a trial attorney; assistant chief commercial litigation section, civil division, 1976±80; director, commer- cial litigation branch, civil division, 1980±83; assumed the duties of a judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade on November 25, 1983.

THOMAS J. AQUILINO, JR., judge; born in Mount Kisco, NY, December 7, 1939; son of Thomas J. and Virginia B. (Doughty) Aquilino; attended Cornell University, 1957±59; B.A., Drew University, 1959±60, 1961±62; University of Munich, Germany, 1960±61; Free University of Berlin, Germany, 1965±66; J.D., Rutgers University School of Law, 1966± 69; research assistant, Prof. L.F.E. Goldie (Resources for the FutureÐFord Foundation) (1967± 69); administrator, Northern Region, 1969; Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition; served in the U.S. Army, 1962±65; law clerk, Hon. John M. Cannella, U.S. district court for the Southern District of New York, 1969±71; attorney with Davis Polk and Wardwell, New York, 1971±85; admitted to practice New York, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeals for Second and Third Circuits, U.S. Court of International Trade, U.S. Court of Claims, U.S. district courts for Eastern, Southern and Northern Districts of New York, 850 U.S. Court of International Trade 851

Interstate Commerce Commission; adjunct professor of law, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, 1984±present; appointed by President Reagan on February 22, 1985; confirmed by U.S. Senate, April 3, 1985; married to Edith Berndt Aquilino; children: Christopher Thomas, Philip Andrew, Alexander Berndt. R. KENTON MUSGRAVE, judge, U.S. Court of International Trade; born Clearwater, FL, September 7, 1927. Attended Augusta Academy (Virginia); B.A., University of Washington, 1948; editorial staff, Journal of International Law, Emory University; J.D., with distinction, Emory University, 1953; assistant general counsel, Lockheed Aircraft and Lockheed Inter- national, 1953±62; vice president and general counsel, Mattel, Inc., 1963±71; director, Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Combined Shows, Inc., 1968±72; commissioner, BSA (Atlanta), 1952±55; partner, Musgrave, Welbourn and Fertman, 1972±75; assistant general counsel, Pacific Enterprises, 1975±81; vice president, general counsel and secretary, Vivitar Corporation, 1981± 85; vice president and director, Santa Barbara Applied Research Corp., 1982±87; trustee, Morris Animal Foundation, 1981Ð; director Emeritus, Pet Protection Society, 1981Ð; director, Dolphins of Shark Bay (Australia) Foundation, 1985Ð; trustee, The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, 1987Ð; vice president and director, South Bay Social Services Group, 1963±70; director, Palos Verdes Community Arts Association, 1973±79; member, Governor of Florida's Council of 100, 1970±73; director, Orlando Bank and Trust, 1970±73; counsel, League of Women Voters, 1964±66; member, State Bar of Georgia, 1953Ð; State Bar of California, 1962Ð ; Los Angeles County Bar Association, 1962Ð and chairman, Corporate Law Departments Section, 1965±66; admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1962; Supreme Court of Georgia, 1953; California Supreme Court, 1962; U.S. Customs Court, 1967; U.S. Court of International Trade, 1980. Married May 7, 1949 to former Ruth Shippen Hoppe, of Atlanta, GA. Three children: Laura Marie Musgrave (deceased), Ruth Shippen Musgrave, Esq., and Forest Kenton Musgrave. Nominated by President Ronald Reagan on July 1, 1987; confirmed by the Senate on November 9, and took oath of office on November 13, 1987. RICHARD W. GOLDBERG, judge; born September 23, 1927 in Fargo, ND; son of Frances and Jacob Goldberg; J.D. from the University of Miami, 1952; served on active duty as an Air Force Judge Advocate, 1953±56; admitted to Washington, DC bar, Florida bar and North Dakota bar; from 1958 to 1983, owned and operated a regional grain processing firm in North Dakota; served as State Senator from North Dakota for two years; was chairman of the Senate Industry, Business and Labor Committee; taught military law for the Army and Air Force ROTC at North Dakota State University; was vice-chairman of the board of Minneapolis Grain Exchange; joined the Reagan administration in 1983 in Washington at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Served as Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs and later as Acting Under Secretary; in 1990 joined the Washington, DC law firm of Anderson, Hibey and Blair; married Mary Borland, 1964; children: John and Julie. DONALD C. POGUE, judge; before his appointment to the U.S. Court of International Trade, Judge Pogue served as a Judge in Connecticut's Superior Court; he was appointed to the Connecticut bench in 1994, and presided in criminal court in New Haven; prior to becoming a judge, Mr. Pogue served as chairman of Connecticut's Commission on Hospitals and Health Care, the public agency responsible for regulating Connecticut's health care industry; he was appointed to Commissioner by Governor O'Neill in 1989, and named chairman by Governor Weicker; his responsibilities included leading the agency's adjudication of hospital rate increases and certificates of need for the State's thirty-five acute care hospitals; his accomplishments included initiating the agency's efforts for health care reform, developing legislation and regulations for the agency's regulatory, data collection and budget review processes and initiating and guiding the Commission's efforts to establish a statewide uncom- pensated care pool; he also was responsible for the Commission's initiative with the General Assembly's Health Care Access Commission to expand outreach for prenatal care to high- risk mothers and to create an insurance program for uninsured children; Mr. Pogue practiced law in Hartford for fifteen years with the firm of Kestell, Pogue, and Gould; Mr. Pogue's practice included service as counsel for pensions and health care benefits for a coalition of eleven unions representing all state employees; he was responsible for developing statewide agreements on pension reform and health care cost containment and his litigation included important cases of employee rights; his law reform efforts included drafting and negotiating the municipal binding arbitration statute; during this period, Mr. Pogue also lectured on labor law, at the University of Connecticut School of Law, and assisted in teaching the Harvard Law School's program on negotiations and dispute resolution for lawyers; he also served as chair of the Connecticut Bar Association's Labor and Employment Law Section, and authored a number of other labor statutes; Mr. Pogue is a magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Dartmouth College, with highest honors in government, and has done graduate work at the University of Essex, England; he holds a J.D. degree from the 852 Congressional Directory

Yale Law School and a master of philosophy from Yale University; he has been listed in Martindale-Hubbell and in the Best Lawyers in America and is a member of the American Leadership Forum; Mr. Pogue has lived in Connecticut with his wife Susan Bucknell, since their marriage in 1971; they now live with their two daughters in Guilford, Connecticut. JAMES L. WALLACH, judge; born in Superior, AZ, November 11, 1949; son of Albert A. and Sara F. Wallach; married to Katherine Colleen Tobin, 1992; graduate of Acalanes High School, Lafayette, CA, 1967; attended Diablo Valley Junior College, Pleasant Hill, CA, 1967±68; news editor Viking Reporter; member Alfa Gamma Sigma, National Junior College Honor Society, member Junior Varsity Wrestling Team; enlisted United States Army, January, 1969, PVT±SGT, served as Recognizance Sergeant 8th Engineer Bn., 1st Calvary Division (Air Mobile), Republic of Vietnam, 1970±71, Bronze Star Medal, Air Medal, Valorous Unit Citation, Good Conduct Medal; attended University of Arizona, 1971±73, graduated B.A., Journalism (high honors), Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Kappa Tau Alfa, Rufenacht French language prize, Douglas Martin Journalism Scholarship; attended University of Califor- nia, Berkeley, 1973±76, graduated J.D., 1976, research assistant to Prof. Melvin Eisenberg, member of University of California Honor Society; Associate (1976±82) and Partner (1983± 95) Lionel Sawyer and Collins, Los Vegas, NV with emphasis on media representation; attended Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, LL.B. (international law) (honors), 1981, member Hughes Hall College Rowing Club, Cambridge University Tennis Club; General Counsel and Public Policy Advisor to U.S. Senator Harry Reid (D) of Nevada, 1987±88; served CAPT±MAJ Nevada Army National Guard, 1989±95; served as Attorney/Advisor, Inter- national Affairs Division; Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army, February± June, 1991±92; Meritorious Service Medal (oak leaf cluster); Nevada Medal of Merit; General Counsel, Nevada Democratic Party, 1978±80, 1982±86; General Counsel, Reid for Congress campaign, 1982, 1984; Reid for Senate campaign, 1986, 1992; General Counsel, Bryan for Senate campaign, 1988; Nevada State Director, Mondale for President campaign, 1984; State Director, Nevada and Arizona Gore for President campaign, 1988; General Counsel Nevada Assembly Democratic Caucus, 1990±95; General Counsel, Society for Professional Journalists, 1988±95; General Counsel, Nevada Press Association, 1989±95; awarded American Bar Asso- ciation Liberty Bell Award, 1993; Nevada State Press Association President's Award, 1994; Clark County School Librarians Intellectual Freedom Award, 1995; member Nevada Bar, 1977; District of Columbia, 1988; U.S. District Court, District of Nevada, 1977; Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, 1989; author, Legal Handbook for Nevada Reporters (1994); Comparison of British and American Defense Based Prior Restraint, ICLQ (1984); Treatment of Crude Oil As A War Munition, ICLQ (1992); Three Ways Nevada Unconstitutionally Chills The Media; Nevada Lawyer (1994); Co-Editor, Nevada Civil Practice Handbook (1993). JAMES L. WATSON, senior judge; born in New York City, NY, May 21, 1922; son of Violet L. and James S. Watson (deceased); first negro jurist elected in New York State; educated in New York City; B.A., New York University, 1947; LL.B., Brooklyn Law School, 1951; wounded in active duty in Italy with the 92d Infantry Division; honorably discharged in 1945; received Battle Star, Purple Heart, Combat Infantry Badge, Good Conduct Medal, European Theater Ribbon, and Army Commendation Ribbon; admitted to the New York State Bar, 1951; admitted to practice in U.S. district court for Southern District, 1951; Board of Immigration Appeals and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1952; U.S. district court for Eastern District, 1956; served in New York State Senate as State Senator for the 21st Senatorial District, 1954±63; judge of the Civil Court of the City of New York, 1963±66; nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate, to the U.S. Customs Court, now U.S. Court of International Trade, March 1966, took senior status February 28, 1991; married D'Jaris Hinton (deceased); children: Karen, and Kris. HERBERT N. MALETZ, senior judge; born in Boston, MA, October 30, 1913; son of Reuben and Frances Maletz; A.B., cum laude, Harvard College, 1935; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1939; member, Harvard Legal Aid Bureau, 1938±39; admitted to the practice of law in Massachusetts, 1939, the District of Columbia; 1952; married to Catherine B. Loebach of Montana, 1947; one son, David; review attorney, Marketing Laws Survey, WPA, 1939± 41; attorney, Truman Committee of U.S. Senate, 1941±42; served in the U.S. Army, 1942± 46, ending as technical sergeant in the Army ground forces; trial attorney, antitrust division, Department of Justice, 1946±51; served in the Office of Price Stabilization as assistant chief counsel and later as chief counsel, 1951±53; private practice of law, District of Columbia, 1953±55; chief counsel, Celler Antitrust Subcommittee, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, 1955±61; commissioner, U.S. Court of Claims, 1961±67; lieutenant colonel, U.S. Army Reserve (ret.); member of the bars of Massachusetts, District of Columbia, U.S. Supreme Court, and U.S. Court of Claims; nominated November 6, 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as judge of the U.S. Customs Court (now the U.S. Court of International Trade), confirmed by the Senate, November 16, 1967, and assumed duties of office, December U.S. Court of International Trade 853

4, 1967; assumed senior status December 31, 1982; have sat as a visiting judge in the following courts: Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, First and Second Circuits Court of Appeals; United States District Courts for the District of Massachusetts, District of New Hampshire, District of Maine, District of Rhode Island, Eastern District of New York, Eastern District of North Carolina, Central District of California, Southern District of California, District of Maryland continuously from 1987 to the present.

BERNARD NEWMAN, senior judge; born October 28, 1907; son of Isidor J. and Sarah C. Newman; lifelong resident of New York; graduate of New York University College and Law School (B.S., LL.B.); associate editor of Law Review (2 years); president of New York University Law Review Alumni Association (3 years), and currently a governor of the Law Review Alumni Association for upwards of thirty years; admitted to bar of New York and of several U.S. courts; assistant corporation counsel, New York City, assigned to City Chamberlain A.A. Berle, Jr.; secretary to New York State Supreme Court Justice Samuel H. Hofstadter, and official referee for 16 years of appellate division of New York Supreme Court by appointments of presiding justices David W. Peck and Bernard Botein, respectively; lectured at New York University Law School and Practicing Law Institute; counsel to New York County Republican Party; chairman of the New York County Republican Party; chairman of the five county Republican Chairmen comprising New York City; delegate to Republican Judicial and National Nominating Conventions'; referee on special panels of New York State Labor Relations Board and New York State mediation board; government appeals agent, Selective Service; seaman 2d class, Coast Guard Auxiliary Reserve (World War II); active in bar associations; appointed to National Conference of Federal Trial Judges Public Relations Committee of American Bar Association; director, Civic Center Synagogue, Community Synagogue Center, Metropolitan Advisory Board of Anti-Defamation League and LaGuardia Memorial Association; recipient of the Judge Edward Weinfeld Award, and Man of the Year Award, respectively; appointed by Mayor Robert F. Wagner to New York City Family Court; by Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller to New York State Supreme Court; and by President Lyndon B. Johnson to U.S. Customs Court (July 21, 1968), now U.S. Court of International Trade; married to Fritzi W. Rudolph, lifelong friend of the family; previously married to classmate and former law partner Kathryn Bereano (deceased); two daughters: Mrs. Phyllis Cechini and Mrs. Helene Bernstein; five grandsons and five great-grandchildren.

DOMINICK L. DICARLO, senior judge; born March 11, 1928 in Brooklyn, NY; B.A., St. John's College; LL.B., St. John's University School of Law; LL.M., New York University Graduate School of Law; assistant U.S. attorney for the eastern district of New York, 1959± 62; counsel to minority leaders of the New York City Council, 1962±65; New York State Assemblyman, 1965±81; chairman, New York State Assembly Standing Committee on Codes; deputy minority leader of the New York State Assembly, 1975±78; Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters, 1981±84; representative of the United States on the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations from 1982±84; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Reagan on June 11, 1984; designated chief judge of the Court by President Bush on December 23, 1991; senior status November 1, 1996; married to Esther Hansen (deceased); children: Vincent, Carl, Robert, and Barbara; married to Susan L. Hauck, 1988.

NICHOLAS TSOUCALAS, senior judge; born August 24, 1926 in New York, NY; one of five children of George M. and Maria (Monogenis) Tsoucalas; received B.S. degree from Kent State University, 1949; received LL.B. from New York Law School, 1951; attended New York University Law School; entered U.S. Navy, 1944±46; reentered Navy, 1951± 52 and served on the carrier, U.S.S. Wasp; admitted to New York bar, 1953; appointed Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, 1955±59; appointed in 1959 as supervisor of 1960 census for the 17th and 18th Congressional Districts; appointed chairman, Board of Commissioners of Appraisal; appointed judge of Criminal Court of the City of New York, 1968; designated acting Supreme Court Justice, Kings and Queens Counties, 1975±82; resumed service as judge of the Criminal Court of the City of New York until June 1986; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Ronald Reagan on September 9, 1985, and confirmed by U.S. Senate on June 6, 1986; assumed senior status on September 30, 1996; former chairman: Committee on Juvenile Delinquency, Federal Bar Association, and the Subcommittee on Public Order and Responsibility of the American Citizenship Committee of the New York County Lawyers' Association; former president: Greek-American Lawyers' Association, and Board of Directors of Greek Orthodox Church of ``Evangelismos'', St. John's Theologos Society, and Parthenon Foundation; member, 854 Congressional Directory

Order of Ahepa, Parthenon Lodge, F.A.M.; married to Catherine Aravantinos; two daughters: Stephanie (Mrs. Daniel Turriago) and Georgia (Mrs. Christopher Argyrople).

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE Clerk.ÐRaymond F. Burghardt (212) 264±2814. UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS

Lafayette Square, 717 Madison Place NW 20005, phone (202) 219±9657

LOREN ALLAN SMITH, chief judge; born December 22, 1944, in Chicago, IL; son of Alvin D. and Selma (Halpern) Smith; B.A., Northwestern University, 1966; J.D., Northwest- ern University School of Law, 1969; admitted to the Bars of the Illinois Supreme Court; the Court of Military Appeals; the U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit; the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; the U.S. Supreme Court; the U.S. Court of Federal Claims; honorary member: The University Club; consultant, Sidley and Austin Chicago, 1972±73; general attorney, Federal Communications Commission, 1973; assistant to the Special Counsel to the President, 1973±74; Special Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of Columbia, 1974±75; chief counsel, Reagan for President campaigns, 1976 and 1980; profes- sor, Delaware Law School, 1976±84; deputy director, Executive Branch Management Office of Presidential Transition, 1980±81; Chairman, Administrative Conference of the Unites States, 1981±85; served as a member of the President's Cabinet Councils on Legal Policy and on Management and Administration; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on July 11, 1985; entered on duty September 12, 1985; designated Chief Judge on January 14, 1986; married. JAMES F. MEROW, judge; born in Salamanca, NY, March 16, 1932; son of Walter and Helen (Smith) Merow; A.B. (with distinction), The George Washington University 1953; J.D. (with distinction), The George Washington University Law School, 1956; member: Phi Beta Kappa, Order of the Coif, Omicron Delta Kappa; officer, U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corps, 1956±59; trial attorney-branch director, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1959±78; trial judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1978±82; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims since October 1, 1982 (reappointed by President Reagan to a 15-year term commencing August 5, 1983); member of Virginia State Bar, District of Columbia Bar, American Bar Association, and Federal Bar Association; married. JOHN PAUL WIESE, judge; born in Brooklyn, NY, April 19, 1934; son of Gustav and Margaret Wiese; B.A., cum laude, Hobart College, 1962, Phi Beta Kappa; LL.B., University of Virginia School of Law, 1965; married to Alice Mary Donoghue, June 1961; one son, John Patrick; served U.S. Army, 1957±59; law clerk: U.S. Court of Claims, trial division, 1965±66, and Judge Linton M. Collins, U.S. Court of Claims, appellate division, 1966± 67; private practice in District of Columbia, 1967±74 (specializing in government contract litigation); trial judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1974±82; designated in Federal Courts Improve- ment Act of 1982 as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, reappointed by President Reagan on October 14, 1986, to 15-year term as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims; admitted to bar of the District of Columbia, 1966; admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims; member: District of Columbia Bar Association and American Bar Association. ROBERT J. YOCK, judge; born in St. James, MN, January 11, 1938; son of Dr. William J. and Erma (Fritz) Yock; B.A. St. Olaf College, 1959; J.D. University of Michigan Law School, 1962; married to Carla M. Moen, June 13, 1964; children: Signe Kara and Torunn Ingrid; admitted to the Minnesota Supreme Court in 1962; Court of Military Appeals, 1964; U.S. Supreme Court, 1965; U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, 1966; U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1972; U.S. Court of Claims, 1979; and U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 1982; member: Minnesota State Bar Association, and District of Columbia Bar Association; served in the U.S. Navy, Judge Advocate General's Corps, 1962± 66; private practice, St. Paul, MN, 1966±69; entered Government service as chief counsel to the National Archives and Record Services of the General Services Administration, 1969± 70; executive assistant and legal advisor to the Administrator of General Services, 1970± 72; assistant general counsel at GSA, 1972±77; trial judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1977± 82; designated by Public Law 97±164 as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 1982±83; renominated by President Reagan as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, June 20, 1983, confirmed by U.S. Senate, August 4, 1983, reappointed to 15-year term, August 5, 1983. 855 856 Congressional Directory

REGINALD W. GIBSON, judge; born in Lynchburg, VA, July 31, 1927; son of McCoy and Julia Gibson; married to Shirley Johnson, 1993; son, Reginald S. Gibson, Jr.; educated in the public schools of Washington, DC; served in the U.S. Army, 1946±47; B.S., Virginia Union University, 1952; Wharton Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Pennsylvania, 1952±53; LL.B., Howard University School of Law, 1956; admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1957 and to the Illinois Bar in 1972; Internal Revenue agent, Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC, 1957±61; trial attorney, tax division, criminal section, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1961±71; senior and later general tax attorney, International Harvester Co., Chicago, IL, 1971±82; nominated by President Reagan as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, September 30, 1982; confirmed by the Senate December 10, 1982; entered on duty December 15, 1982. LAWRENCE S. MARGOLIS, judge; born in Philadelphia, PA, March 13, 1935; son of Reuben and Mollie Margolis; B.A., Central High School, Philadelphia, PA; B.S. in mechanical engineering from the Drexel Institute of Technology (now Drexel University), 1957; J.D., George Washington University Law School, 1961; admitted to the District of Columbia Bar; patent examiner, U.S. Patent Office, 1957±62; patent counsel, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, MD, 1962±63; assistant corporation counsel for the District of Columbia, 1963± 66; attorney, criminal division, U.S. Department of Justice and special assistant U.S. attorney for District of Columbia, 1966±68; assistant U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, 1968± 71; appointed U.S. magistrate for District of Columbia in 1971; reappointed for a second 8-year term in 1979 and served until December 1982 when appointed a judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims; chairman, American Bar Association, judicial administration division, 1980± 81; chairman, National Conference of Special Court Judges, 1977±78; board of directors, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1970±72; editor: DC Bar Journal, 1966±73, Young Lawyers Newspaper editor, 1965±66; executive council, Young Lawyers Section, 1968± 69; board of editors, The Judges' Journal and The District Lawyer; president, George Washing- ton University National Law Association, 1983±84; president, George Washington Law Associa- tion, District of Columbia Chapter, 1975±76; board of governors, George Washington Univer- sity General Alumni Association, 1978±85; fellow, Institute of Judicial Administration, 1993±; member, District of Columbia Judicial Conference; former member, board of directors, National Council of U.S. Magistrates; former president, Federal Bar Toastmasters; former technical editor, Federal Bar Journal; faculty, Federal Judicial Center; trustee, Drexel University, 1983± 91; member, Rotary Club; president, Washington, D.C. Rotary Club, 1988±89, District gov- ernor, 1991±92; American Bar Association Judicial Administration Division Award for distin- guished service as chairman for 1980±81; Drexel University and George Washington University Distinguished Alumni Achievement Awards; Drexel University 100 (one of top 100 graduates); Center for Public Resources Alternative Dispute Resolution Achievement Award, 1987; married to Doris May Rosenberg, January 30, 1960; children: Mary Aleta and Paul Oliver; nominated by President Ronald Reagan as a judge on the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on September 27, 1982, confirmed by the Senate and received Commission on December 10, 1982, took oath of office on December 15, 1982. CHRISTINE ODELL COOK MILLER, judge; born in Oakland, CA, August 26, 1944; married to Dennis F. Miller; B.A., Stanford University, 1966; J.D., University of Utah College of Law, 1969; comment editor, Utah Law Review; member, Utah Chapter Order of the Coif; clerk to chief judge David T. Lewis, U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, 1969±70; trial attorney, civil division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1970±72; trial attorney, Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, 1972±74; Hogan and Hartson, litigation section, 1974±76; Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, special counsel, 1976± 78; U.S. Railway Association, assistant general counsel, 1978±80; Shack and Kimball, P.C., litigation, 1980±83; member of the Bars of the State of California and District of Columbia; Judge Miller was confirmed and appointed on December 10, 1982, as Christine Cook Nettesheim. MOODY R. TIDWELL III, judge; born in Miami, OK, February 15, 1939; son of Maj. Gen. M.R. Tidwell, Jr., and Dorothy (Thompson) Tidwell; married to Rena C. Tidwell; children: Gregory T. and Jeremy H.; B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1961; J.D., Washington College of Law, American University; LL.M., National Law Center, George Washington University; admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia; admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims and various other circuit and U.S. district courts; attorney, General Acounting Office, 1965±69; associate solicitor, Divisions of General Law and Energy and Resources, Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1969±77; staff director and vice chairman, Commission on Government Procurement, 1971±73; Associate Solicitor, Mine Safety and Health, Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor, 1977±80; corporate secretary and board member, Keco Industries, Inc., 1979±82; deputy solicitor and counsellor to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims 857

Secretary of the Interior, 1980±83; appointed and confirmed by the President as judge in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, May 17, 1983. MARIAN BLANK HORN, judge; born in New York, NY, 1943; daughter of Werner P. and Mady R. Blank; married to Robert Jack Horn; daughters: Juli Marie, Carrie Charlotte, and Rebecca Blank; attended Fieldston School, New York, NY, Barnard College, Columbia University and Fordham University School of Law; admitted to practice U.S. Supreme Court, 1973, Federal and State courts in New York, 1970, and Washington, DC, 1973; assistant district attorney, Bronx Couty, NY, 1969±72; attorney, Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin and Kahn, 1972±73; adjunct professor of law, Washington College of Law, American Univeristy 1973± 76; litigation attorney, Federal Energy Administration, 1975±76; senior attorney, Office of General Counsel, Strategic Petroleum Reserve Branch, Department of Energy, 1976±79; deputy assistant general counsel for procurement and financial incentives, Department of Energy, 1979±81; deputy associate solicitor, Division of Surface Mining, Department of the Interior, 1981±83; associate solicitor, Division of General Law, Department of the Interior, 1983± 85; principal deputy solicitor and acting solicitor, Department of Interior, 1985±86; adjunct professor of law, George Washingotn University National Law Center, 1991±present; Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow, 1994; assumed duties of judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, April 14, 1986. ERIC G. BRUGGINK, judge; born in Kalidjati, Indonesia, September 11, 1949; naturalized U.S. citizen, 1961; married to Melinda Harris Bruggink; sons: John and David; B.A., cum laude (sociology), Auburn University, AL, 1971; M.A. (speech), 1972; J.D., University of Alabama, 1975; Hugo Black Scholar and Note and Comments Editor of Alabama Law Review; member, Alabama State Bar and District of Columbia Bar; served as law clerk to chief judge Frank H. McFadden, Northern District of Alabama, 1975±76; associate, Hardwick, Hause and Segrest, Dothan, AL, 1976±77; assistant director, Alabama Law Institute, 1977± 79; director, Office of Energy and Environmental Law, 1977±79; associate, Steiner, Crum and Baker, Montgomery, AL, 1979±82; Director, Office of Appeals Counsel, Merit Systems Protection Board, 1982±86; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, April 15, 1986. WILKES COLEMAN ROBINSON, judge; born September 30, 1925 in Anniston, AL; B.A., University of Alabama, 1948; J.D., University of Virginia, 1951 member: Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Eta Sigma, Phi Alpha Theta, Kappa Alpha fraternity; associate attorney, Bibb and Hemphill, Anniston, AL, 1953±55; city recorder of Anniston, AL, 1953±55; judge, Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court, Calhoun County, AL, 1954±56; attorney: Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, 1956±58; asst. gen'l. attorney, Seaboard Airline Railroad Company, 1958± 66; chief commerce counsel, Monsanto Company, 1966±70; vice president and general counsel, Marion Laboratories, Inc., 1970±80; president and member of board of directors, Gulf and Great Plains Legal Foundation, 1980±85; vice president and general counsel, S.R. Financial Group, Inc., 1986±87; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, assumed duties July 10, 1987; member: Alabama State Bar, Virginia State Bar, Missouri State Bar, Kansas State Bar, U.S. Supreme Court Bar, Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, Alabama and Missouri U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of Federal Claims Bar; married to Julia Von P. Rowan; three children: Randolph C., Peyton H. and T. Wilkes C. Robinson. BOHDAN A. FUTEY, judge; born in Ukraine, June 28, 1939; B.A., Western Reserve University, 1962; M.A., 1964; J.D., Cleveland Marshall Law School, 1968; partner, Futey and Rakowsky, 1968±72; chief assistant police prosecutor, city of Cleveland, 1972±74; execu- tive assistant to the mayor of Cleveland, 1974±75; partner, Bazarko, Futey and Oryshkewych, 1975±84; chairman, U.S. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, May 1984±87; nominated judge of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on January 30, 1987, and entered on duty, May 29, 1987; married to the former Myra Fur; three children: Andrew, Lidia, and Daria; member: District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association, the Ukrainian American Bar Association; Judge Futey is actively involved with Democratization and Rule of Law programs organized by the Judicial Conference of the United States, the Department of State, and the American Bar Association in Ukraine and Russia. He has participated in judicial exchange programs, seminars, and workshops and has been a consultant to the working group on Ukraine's Constitution and Ukrainian Parliament; Judge Futey is an advisor to the International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES). He served as an official observer during the parliamentary and presidential elections in 1994 and conducted briefings on Ukraine's election law for international observers; advising the Newly Independent States (NIS) working group on Ukraine which is a CEELI/ABA project. ROGER B. ANDEWELT, judge; born August 4, 1946, in Brooklyn, NY; son of Samuel F. and Belle (Hockman) Andewelt; B.S., Brooklyn College, 1967; J.D., George Washington University National Law Center, 1971; member: Order of the Coif; married to Maxine 858 Congressional Directory

Mitchnick; two children: Alexa Sara and Ian Samuel; patent examiner, U.S. Patent Office, 1968±72; attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division: trial attorney, 1972±78; assistant chief/chief, Intellectual Property Section, 1978±84; deputy director of operations, 1984±86; deputy assistant attorney general for litigation, 1986±87; adjunct professor of law, George Washington University National Law Center, 1995±present; nominated by President Reagan as judge, U.S. Court of Claims on March 3, 1987, and assumed duties of the office on August 1, 1987. JAMES T. TURNER, judge; born March 12, 1938, in Clifton Forge, VA; B.A., Wake Forest University, 1960; LL.B., University of Virginia Law School, 1965; private practice of law , Williams, Worrell, Kelly and Greer, 1965±79; U.S. Magistrate for the eastern district of Virginia, 1979±87; president, National Council of U.S. Magistrates, 1984±85; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims since July 2, 1987; member of the American Bar Association, Virginia Bar Association, Virginia State Bar, Norfolk and Portsmouth Bar Association.

ROBERT HAYNE HODGES, JR., judge; born in Columbia, SC, September 11, 1944, son of Robert Hayne and Mary (Lawton) Hodges; educated in the public schools of Columbia, SC; attended Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC; B.S., University of South Carolina, 1966; J.D., University of South Carolina Law School, 1969; married to Ruth Nicholson (Lady) Hodges, August 23, 1963; three children; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, April 9, 1990. DIANE GILBERT WEINSTEIN, judge; born June 14, 1947, in Rochester, NY; daughter of Myron B. and Doris (Robie) Gilbert; married to Dwight D. Sypolt, October, 1995; children: Andrew and David; B.A., Smith College, 1969; visiting student at Stanford University Law School and Georgetown University Law Center, 1977±78; J.D., Boston University Law School, 1979; Boston University Alumnae Association Young Lawyers' Chair, 1989; law clerk, Judge Catherine B. Kelly, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1979±80; associate, Peabody, Lambert and Meyers, 1980±83; Assistant General Counsel, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1983±86; Deputy General Counsel for Departmental Services, U.S. Department of Education, 1986±88; Acting General Counsel, U.S. Department of Edu- cation, 1988±89; Counselor to the Vice President of the United States, Counsel to the Presi- dent's Competitiveness Council, Chair of the Competitiveness Council's Interagency Task Force on Product Liability, 1989±90; nominated by President Bush as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, on July 31, 1990, entered on duty October 22, 1990; admitted to the bars of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the District of Columbia; president of the Federal American Inn of Court; member of the Federalist Society, and the University Club.

* * * KENNETH R. HARKINS, senior judge; born in Cadiz, OH, September 1, 1921; educated in public schools of Zandesville, OH; Ohio State University, B.A. (economics), 1943; LL.B., 1948; J.D., 1967; admitted to practice of law in Ohio, April 1949; married to Helen Mae Dozer, 1942; children: M. Elaine and Richard A.; U.S. Army active duty, July 1943 to June 1946, 500 AFA Battalion, 14th Armored Division, private to 1st lieutenant; attorney, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, 1949±51; trial attorney, Antitrust Division, Depart- ment of Justice, 1951±55; cocounsel, Antitrust Subcommittee, Judiciary Committee, House of Representatives, 1955±60; general counsel, Stromberg Carlson Division and Electronics Division, General Dynamics Corp., 1960±64; chief counsel, Antitrust Subcommittee, Judiciary Committee, House of Representatives, 1964±71; commissioner (trial judge), U.S. Court of Claims, 1971±82; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims 1982±86, pursuant to Public Law 97±164, section 167(a), October 1, 1982 through November 30, 1986. Recalled to active service in senior status pursuant to 28 U.S.C., section 797, December 1, 1986; senior judge 1986±present. THOMAS J. LYDON, senior judge; born June 3, 1927 in Portland, ME; educated in the parochial and public schools in Portland; attended University of Maine, 1948±52, B.A.; Georgetown University Law Center, 1952±55, LL.B., 1956±57, LL.M.; trial attorney, Civil Division, Department of Justice, 1955±67; Chief, Court of Claims Section, Civil Division, 1967±72; trial commissioner (trial judge), U.S. Court of Claims, 1972 to September 30, 1982; judge, U.S. Claims Court, October 1, 1982±July 31, 1987; senior judge, August 1, 1987±present. OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS Clerk.ÐDavid A. Lampen, (202) 219±9657 U.S. Court of Federal Claims 859

Chief Deputy Clerk.ÐMargaret Earnest. Financial Officer.ÐDale H. DeBuhr. Building Manager.Ð[Vacant]. UNITED STATES TAX COURT

400 Second Street 20217, phone (202) 606±8754

MARY ANN COHEN, chief judgeÐelected Chief Judge, two-year term, June 1, 1996; California; born July 16, 1943, Albuquerque, NM; B.A., University of California at Los Angeles, 1964; J.D., University of Southern California, 1967; admitted to California Bar, 1967; private practice of law, Los Angeles, with firm of Abbott and Cohen, a professional corporation (and predecessors), 1967±82; member: American Bar Association (sections of taxation, litigation, and criminal justice), American Judicature Society, Attorney General's Advisory Committee on Tax Litigation, U.S. Department of Justice (1979±80); appointed to U.S. Tax Court, July 1982 to succeed Cynthia H. Hall; term expires September 24, 1997. HERBERT L. CHABOT, judgeÐMaryland; born July 17, 1931, Bronx County, NY; married to Aleen Kerwin, 1951; four children: Elliot C., Donald J., Lewis A., and Nancy Jo; graduated, Stuyvesant High School, 1948; B.A. (cum laude), C.C.N.Y., 1952; LL.B., Columbia University, 1957; LL.M. (taxation), Georgetown University, 1964; enlisted in U.S. Army for 2 years and Army Reserves (civil affairs units), 8 years; served on legal staff, American Jewish Congress, 1957±61; law clerk to tax court Judge Russell E. Train, 1961±65; served on staff of Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation, 1965±78; elected delegate, Maryland Constitutional Convention, 1967±68; adjunct professor, National Law Center, George Washing- ton University, 1974±83; member, American Bar (tax section) and Federal Bar Associations; appointed to the U.S. Tax Court for a 15-year term, beginning April 3, 1978; reappointed for a second 15-year term in 1993. STEPHEN J. SWIFT, judgeÐCalifornia; born September 7, 1943, Salt Lake City, UT, son of Edward A. Swift and Maurine Jensen; married to Lorraine Burnell Facer, 1972; children: Carter, Stephanie, Spencer, Meredith, and Hunter; graduated, Menlo Atherton High School, Atherton, CA, 1961; B.A., Brigham Young University, political science, 1967; George Washington Law School, J.D. (with honors), 1970; trial attorney (honors program), tax division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1970±74; assistant U.S. attorney, tax division, U.S. attorney's office, San Francisco, CA 1974±77; vice president and senior tax counsel, tax department, BankAmerica N.T. and S.A., San Francisco, CA, 1977±83; adjunct professor, Graduate Tax Program, Golden Gate University, San Francisco, CA 1978±83; member: California Bar, District of Columbia Bar, and American Bar Association (section of taxation); appointed August 16, 1983 to the U.S. Tax Court for a 15-year term expiring August 16, 1998. JULIAN I. JACOBS, judgeÐMaryland; born in Baltimore, MD, August 13, 1937; children: Richard and Jennifer; residence: Bethesda, MD; B.A., University of Maryland, 1958; LL.B., University of Maryland Law School, 1960; LL.M. (taxation), Georgetown Law Center, 1965; began legal career with the Internal Revenue Service, first in Washington, DC, drafting tax legislation and regulations from 1961±65, and then in Buffalo, NY, as a trial attorney in the regional counsel's office from 1965±67; entered private practice of law Baltimore City, 1967; partner, Baltimore law firm of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger and Hol- lander, 1967, and remained until his appointment to the Tax Court on March 30, 1984, for a 15-year term to succeed Senior Judge Theodore Tannenwald, Jr.; chairman, study commis- sion to improve the quality of the Maryland Tax Court, 1978, appointed by Maryland Gov. Blair Lee; member, several study groups to consider changes in the Maryland tax laws and as a commissioner on a commission to reorganize and recodify that article of Maryland law dealing with taxation, 1980, appointed by Maryland Gov. Harry Hughes; lecturer, tax seminars and professional programs; chairman, section of taxation, Maryland State Bar Associa- tion. JOEL GERBER, judgeÐVirginia; born in Chicago, IL, July 16, 1940; married to Judith Smilgoff, 1963; three sons: Jay Lawrence, Jeffrey Mark, and Jon Victor; B.S., business administration, Roosevelt University, 1962; J.D., DePaul University, 1965; LL.M., taxation, Boston University Law School, 1968; admitted to the Illinois Bar, 1965; Georgia Bar, 1974; Tennessee Bar, 1978; member American Bar Association (section of taxation); served with 860 U.S. Tax Court 861

U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service as: trial attorney, Boston, MA, 1965± 72; staff assistant, regional counsel/senior trial attorney, Atlanta, GA, 1972±76; district counsel, Nashville, TN, 1976±80; deputy chief counsel, Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC, 1980±84; acting chief counsel, Internal Revenue Service, May 1983 to March 1984; recipient of a Presidential Meritorious Rank Award, 1983 and the Secretary of the Treasury's Exceptional Service Award, 1984; lecturer, law, Vanderbilt University, 1976±80; appointed to the Tax Court for a 15-year term, beginning June 18, 1984, to succeed Senior Judge C. Moxley Featherston. CAROLYN MILLER PARR, judge; born Palatka, FL, daughter of Arthur C. Miller and Audrey Dunklin Miller; married to Jerry S. Parr in 1959; three daughters: Kimberly, Jennifer, and Trish; received B.A. (English) from Stetson University, 1959; M.A. (English), Vanderbilt University, 1960; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1977; served as senior trial attorney, Internal Revenue Service, 1977±82; special counsel to the Assistant Attorney General, and Acting Chief, Office of Special Litigation, Tax Division, Department of Justice, 1982±85; admitted to Maryland and District of Columbia bars, U.S. Supreme Court, and U.S. Tax Court. Member American Bar Association (section of taxationÐCourt Procedure Committee), Maryland State Bar Association, DC Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, and National Association of Women Judges; chairman, Board of Directors, Heritage Christian Church, 1982; took oath of office on November 25, 1985, for a 15-year term to succeed William M. Fay. THOMAS B. WELLS, judge; born Akron, OH, July 2, 1945; married Mary Josephine Graham of Vidalia, GA in 1974; children: Kathryn and Graham; received B.S. degree from Miami University, Oxford, OH in 1967; J.D. degree from Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, GA in 1973; LL.M. degree (in Taxation) from New York University Graduate School of Law, New York, NY in 1978; attended Ohio Northern University School of Law, Ada, OH, served as managing editor of the law review until he transferred to Emory University School of Law in 1972; completed active duty in 1970 as a supply corps officer in the U.S. Naval Reserve after tours in Morocco and Vietnam; admitted to the practice of law in the State of Georgia and practiced law in Vidalia, GA with the law firm of Graham and Wells, P.C., served as county attorney for Toombs County, GA and city attorney for the city of Vidalia, GA until 1977, and in Atlanta with the law firm of Hurt, Richardson, Garner, Todd and Cadenhead until 1981 and with the law firm of Shearer and Wells, P.C. until his appointment to the U.S. Tax Court in 1986; member; American Bar Association (section of taxation); State Bar of Georgia, served as a member of its Board of Governors; Board of Editors of the Georgia State Bar Journal; active in the Atlanta Bar Association, served as editor of The Atlanta Lawyer; active in various tax organizations such as the Atlanta Tax Forum; the Atlanta Estate Planning Council, served as a director; and the North Atlanta Tax Council, served as a director; nominated by President Reagan and confirmed by the Senate as a judge of the U.S. Tax Court for a term of 15 years beginning October 12, 1986 to succeed Judge Richard C. Wilbur who retired. ROBERT PAUL RUWE, judgeÐVirginia; born July 3, 1941, Cincinnati, Ohio; married to Mary Kay Sayer, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1967; children: Paul, Michael, Christian, and Stephen; graduated Roger Bacon High School, St. Bernard, OH, 1959, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 1963; J.D., Salmon P. Chase College of Law, 1970; admitted to Ohio bar, 1970; joined Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service in 1970 and held the following positions, Trial Attorney (Indianapolis), Director, Criminal Tax Division, Deputy Associate Chief Counsel (Litigation), and Director, Tax Litigation Division; member, American Bar Association (Section of taxation); took oath of office as a judge of the U.S. Tax Court, November 20, 1987 for a 15-year term to succeed Judge Charles R. Simpson. LAURENCE J. WHALEN, judgeÐOklahoma; born 1944, Philadelphia, PA; married Nan Shaver Whalen; son: E. Holmes Whalen; A.B., Georgetown University, 1967; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1970; LL.M., 1971; special assistant to the Assistant Attorney General, 1971±72; trial attorney, tax division, 1971±75; private practice in Washington, DC, with Hamel and Park (now Hopkins, Sutter, Hamel and Park), 1977±84; also in Oklahoma City, OK, with Crowe and Dunlevy, 1984±87; member: Oklahoma Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association, and Bar Association of the District of Columbia; appointed to the U.S. Tax Court, November 23, 1987. JOHN O. COLVIN, judgeÐVirginia; born November 17, 1946, Canton, OH; married Ava M. Belohlov in 1970; one son: Timothy; graduated from the University of Missouri (A.B., 1968), and Georgetown University Law Center (J.D., Masters of Law in Taxation, 1978). During college and law school, employed by Niedner, Niedner, Nack and Bodeux, St. Charles, MO; Missouri Attorney General John C. Danforth and Missouri State Representative Richard 862 Congressional Directory

C. Marshall, Jefferson City, MO; and U.S. Senator Mark O. Hatfield and Congressman Thomas B. Curtis, Washington, DC; admitted to the practice of law in Missouri, 1971 and District of Columbia, 1974. Office of the Chief Counsel, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC, 1971± 75; served as tax counsel, Senator Bob Packwood, 1975±84; chief counsel, 1985±87, and chief minority counsel, 1987±88, U.S. Senate Finance Committee; officer of the Tax Section, Federal Bar Association since 1978, and adjunct professor of law, Georgetown University Law Center since 1987. Numerous civic and community activities; Judge Colvin was nominated by President Reagan and confirmed by the Senate as a Judge of the U.S. Tax Court for a term of 15 years beginning September 1, 1988 and expiring August 31, 2003. Judge Colvin filled a vacancy due to the resignation of Judge Samuel B. Sterrett. JAMES S. HALPERN, judgeÐDistrict of Columbia; born 1945, New York City; married to Nancy A. Nord; two children: W. Dyer and Hilary Ann; graduated from Hackley School, Terrytown, New York, 1963; Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, B.S. 1967; Law School, University of Pennsylvania, J.D., 1972; Law School, New York University, LL.M. (in taxation) 1975; associate attorney, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie and Alexander, New York City, 1972±74; assistant professor of law, Law School, Washington and Lee University, 1975± 76; assistant professor of law, St. John's University, New York City, 1976±78, visiting profes- sor, Law School, New York University, 1978±79; associate attorney, Roberts and Holland, New York City, 1979±80; Principal Technical Advisor, Assistant Commissioner (Technical) and Associate Chief Counsel (Technical), Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC, 1980± 83; partner, Baker and Hostetler, Washington, DC, 1983±90; adjunct professor, Law School, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1984±90; Colonel, U.S. Army Reserves; appointed to the U.S. Tax Court on July 3, 1990. RENATO BEGHE, judgeÐIllinois; born 1933, Chicago, Illinois; married to Bina House; four children and one grandchild; University of Chicago (A.B. 1951; J.D. 1954); Phi Beta Kappa; Order of the Coif and Law Review co-managing editor; Phi Gamma Delta; admitted New York bar 1955; practiced law with Carter, Ledyard and Milburn, New York City (associate 1954±65; partner 1965±83) and Morgan, Lewis and Bockius, New York City (1983±89); bar associations; Association of the Bar of the City of New York (Chairman, Art Law Committee, 1980±83); New York State Bar Association (tax section chairman 1977±78; Joint Practice Committee of Lawyers and Accountants, co-chairman, 1989±90); American Bar Asso- ciation (Tax Section); International Bar Association; International Fiscal Association; member American Law Institute and American College of Tax Counsel; member America-Italy Society, Inc. and Honorable Order of Kentucky Counsel; appointed to the Tax Court for 15±year term beginning March 26, 1991, to fill vacancy created by resignation of Judge B. John Williams, Jr. CAROLYN P. CHIECHI, judgeÐMaryland; born December 6, 1943, Newark, New Jersey; B.S., Georgetown, University, Washington, DC, magna cum laude, 1965 (Class Rank: 1); J.D., 1969 (Class Rank: 9); LL.M. (Taxation), 1971; admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, 1969; served as attorney-advisor to Judge Leo H. Irwin, United States Tax Court, 1969±1971; practiced with the law firm of Sutherland, Asbill and Brennan, Washington, D.C. and Atlanta, Georgia (partner, 1976±1992; associate, 1971±1976); member, District of Columbia Bar (served as taxation section Tax Audits and Litigation Committee chairperson, 1987±1988); American Bar Association (Section of Taxation); Federal Bar Association (Section of Taxation); Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia; elected fellow, American College of Tax Counsel; fellow, American Bar Foundation; member, Board of Regents, George- town University; member, National Law Alumni Board, Georgetown University; member, Stuart Stiller Memorial Foundation; appointed by the President to the U.S. Tax Court for a 15±year term beginning October 1, 1992. DAVID LARO, judgeÐMichigan; born Flint, MI, March 3, 1942; married to the former Nancy Lynn Wolf on June 18, 1967; two children: Rachel Lynn and Marlene Ellen; graduated from the University of Michigan in 1964 with a B.A.; the University of Illinois Law School in 1967 with a J.D.; and New York University Law School in 1970 with an LL.M. in taxation; admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1968 and the United States District Court (Eastern District) Michigan in 1968, United States Tax Court, 1971; former partner of Winegarden, Booth, Shedd, and Laro, Flint, MI, 1970±75; principal member, Laro and Borgeson, Flint, MI, 1975±86; principal member, David Laro, Attorney at Law, P.C., Flint, MI, 1986±92; of counsel to Dykema Gossett, Ann Arbor, MI, 1989±90; former president and chief executive officer of Durakon Industries, Inc., Lapeer, MI, 1989±91, and former chairman of the board of Durakon Industries, Inc., 1991±92; former chairman of the board of Republic Bank, Ann Arbor, MI, 1986±92, and vice chairman and co-founder of Republic Bancorp, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 1986±92. Regent, University of Michigan Board of Regents, Ann Arbor, MI, 1975±81; former member of the Michigan State Board of Education, 1982± U.S. Tax Court 863

83; former chairman of the Michigan State Tenure Commission, 1972±75; former commissioner, Civil Service Commission, Flint, MI, 1984±1985. Former Commissioner of Police, Flint Town- ship, 1972±74; former member of the Political Leadership Program, the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, Lansing, MI; frequent speaker and lecturer on tax matters for the Michigan Association of Certified Public Accountants, and the Michigan Institute of Continuing Legal Education and other professional and business groups and organizations; author of numerous articles on taxation; former member of the Ann Arbor Art Association Board of Directors, board member of the Holocaust Foundation (Ann Arbor); appointed to the Tax Court for a 15±year term beginning November 2, 1992, to fill vacancy created by Judge Jules G. KoÈrner III, who assumed senior status.

* * * MAURICE B. FOLEY, judgeÐIllinois; born March 28, 1960, Belleville, Illinois; married Cassandra LaNel Green; three children: Malcolm, Corinne, and Nathan; received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Swarthmore College, a Juris Doctor from Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California at Berkeley, and a Master of Laws in Taxation from Georgetown University Law Center; prior to the appointment to the Court was an attorney for the Legisla- tion and Regulations Division of the Internal Revenue Service, tax counsel for the United States Senate Committee on Finance and Deputy Tax Legislative Counsel in the Treasury's Office of Tax Policy; appointed to the Tax Court for a 15-year term beginning April 10, 1995 to succeed Judge Charles E. Clapp, II. JUAN F. VASQUEZ, judgeÐTexas; born in San Antonio, TX on June 24, 1948; married to Mary Theresa (Terry) Schultz in 1970; two children: Juan, Jr. and Jaime; attended Fox Tech High School and San Antonio Junior College, A.D. (Data Processing); received B.B.A (Accounting) from the University of Texas in Austin in 1972; attended State University of New York in Buffalo, 1st year law school in 1975; graduate of University of Houston Law Center in 1977 with a J.D. and New York University Law School in 1978 with an LL.M. in Taxation. Certified in Tax Law by Texas Board of Legal Specialization in 1984; Certified Public Account Certificate from Texas in 1976 and California in 1974; admitted to the bar of Texas in 1977; United States Tax Court in 1978, United States District Court, Southern District of Texas in 1982 and Western District of Texas in 1985, Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in 1982; private practice of Tax Law, 1987±April 1995; partner, Leighton, Hood and Vasquez, 1982±87, San Antonio, Texas; Trial Attorney, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, Houston, TX, 1978±82; accountant, Coopers and Lybrand, Los Angeles, California, 1972±74; member American Bar Association (Tax Section); Texas State Bar (Tax and Probate Sections); Fellow of Texas and San Antonio Bar Foundations, Mexican American Bar Association (MABA) of San Antonio (Treasurer); Houston MABA; Texas MABA (Treasurer), National Association of Hispanic CPA's; San Antonio Chapter (founding member), College of State Bar of Texas, National Hispanic Bar Association, Member of Greater Austin Tax Litigation Association; served on Austin Internal Revenue Service District Director's Practitioner Liaison Committee, 1990±91, chairman, 1991; Judge Vasquez was nomi- nated by President Clinton on September 14, 1994, and confirmed by the Senate on March 17, 1995, as a Judge of the United States Tax Court for a term of 15 years beginning on May 1, 1995 to succeed Judge Perry Shields who took senior status. JOSEPH H. GALE, judgeÐVirginia; born August 26, 1953, in Smithfield, VA; received A.B., Philosophy, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 1976; J.D., University of Vir- ginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA, 1980, where he was a Dillard Fellow; practiced law as an associate attorney at Dewey Ballantine, Washington, DC, and New York, New York, 1980±83, and Dickstein, Shapiro and Morin, Washington, DC, 1983±85; served as Tax Legislative Counsel for Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D±NY), 1985±88; administrative assistant and Tax Legislative Counsel, 1989; chief counsel, 1990±93; chief tax counsel, Com- mittee on Finance, U.S. Senate, 1993±95; minority chief tax counsel, Senate Finance Commit- tee, January 1995-July 1995; minority staff director and chief counsel, Senate Finance Commit- tee, July 1995±January 1996; admitted to the District of Columbia Bar; member: American Bar Association, Section of Taxation; frequent speaker at professional conferences and seminars on various Federal income tax topics; appointed to Tax Court for a 15-year term beginning February 9, 1996, to succeed Judge Edna G. Parker, who assumed senior status. ARNOLD RAUM, senior judgeÐMassachusetts; born 1908, Massachusetts; married to Violet Gang Kopp; A.B., Harvard College, (summa cum laude), 1929, and LL.B., Harvard Law School, (magna cum laude), 1932; member of Phi Beta Kappa; member, editorial board of Harvard Law Review, 1930±32; traveling fellowship, Cambridge University, England, 1932; attorney, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1932±34; special assistant to Attorney General, Tax Division, Department of Justice, 1934±39; in 1939, entered Solicitor General's office, 864 Congressional Directory in charge of Government tax litigation and other types of cases in U.S. Supreme Court; has argued more tax cases in Supreme Court than anyone in history; assistant to Solicitor General (now Deputy Solicitor General), and Acting Solicitor General from time to time; lectured on taxation as a member of faculty at Harvard and Yale; U.S. military service, World War II, lieutenant commander, Coast Guard; oath of office as judge, U.S. Tax Court, September 19, 1950; reappointed for succeeding terms beginning June 2, 1960, and June 2, 1972; retired October 27, 1978; presently serving on senior status. IRENE FEAGIN SCOTT, senior judgeÐAlabama; born October 6, 1912, Union Springs, AL; daughter of Arthur H. and Irene Peach Feagin; married to Thomas J. Scott, 1939; children: Thomas J., Jr., and Irene (Mrs. Franklin L. Carroll III); graduated Union Springs High School, 1929; A.B., University of Alabama, 1932; LL.B., University of Alabama, 1936; LL.M., Catholic University of America, 1939; LL.D., University of Alabama, 1978 (honorary); admitted to Alabama bar 1936; attorney, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, 1937±50; member, Excess Profits Tax Council, Internal Revenue Service, 1950±52; Special Assistant to Head of Appeals Division, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, 1952±59; staff assistant to the Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, 1959±60; member, Alabama Bar Association; honorary member, The Bar Association of the District of Columbia; member: American Bar Association (section of taxation), Federal Bar Association, Inter-Amer- ican Bar Association, American Judicature Society, National Association of Women Lawyers, National Association of Women Judges, Kappa Beta Pi; appointed as judge, U.S. Tax Court in May 1960, for term expiring June 1, 1972; reappointed June 1, 1972 for 15-year term; assumed senior status July 1, 1982.

THEODORE TANNENWALD, JR., senior judge, elected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning July 1, 1981ÐNew York; born 1916, Valatie, NY; married to Selma Peterfreund; two sons: Peter and Robert; graduated Brown University, 1936, A.B., summa cum laude, in political science and mathematics, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Delta Sigma Rho; graduated Harvard Law School, 1939, LL.B., magna cum laude, Fay Diploma for highest 3-year average, note editor, Harvard Law Review; admitted to New York bar, 1939, District of Columbia bar 1946; engaged in practice of law with firm of Weil, Gotshal and Manges, New York, NY, 1939±65, except for absences for service as principal assistant, lend-lease administration, and acting assistant chief, Foreign Funds Control Division, Department of State, 1942±43, special consultant to the Secretary of War, 1943±45, consultant to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal, 1946±49, counsel to Special Assistant to President Truman, W. Averell Harriman, 1950±51, assistant director for Mutual Security, 1951±53, and member of President Kennedy's Task Force on Foreign Assistance and special assistant to Secretary of State, 1961; also served for the State of New York as special counsel to the Moreland Commission for the Investigation of Workmen's Compensation, 1955±58, and New York member, Gov- ernors' Tri-State Committee on Taxation of Nonresidents, 1958; member: American Bar Asso- ciation (tax section), Federal Bar Association, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, and Council on Foreign Relations; honorary chairman and member, board of governors, Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion; professional lecturer, George Washington University School of Law 1968±76; University of Miami Law School, 1976 to date; appointed to the U.S. Tax Court for term expiring June 1, 1974, to succeed Judge Clarence V. Opper, deceased; reappointed for a 15-year term expiring June 1, 1989; retired June 30, 1983; presently serving on senior status. WILLIAM M. FAY, senior judgeÐPennsylvania; born Pittston, PA; married to Jean M. Burke, Plainfield, NY, 1945; son, Michael; attended St. John's Academy, Pittston; LL.B., Georgetown and Catholic Universities; 1942; admitted to District of Columbia bar, 1942, and U.S. Supreme Court, 1946; assistant counsel, U.S. Senate Atomic Energy Committee, 1946; executive assistant to Senator McMahon of Connecticut, 1946±48; Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, 1948±57, serving successively as trial attorney, assistant head of civil division, and assistant head of appeals division; assistant regional counsel; military service: 1942±45, serving successively as naval intelligence officer, gunnery officer and legal officer; member of the American Bar (tax section), and the District of Columbia Bar Association; appointed to the U.S. Tax Court on August 3, 1961; retired May 14, 1985; presently serving on senior status.

HOWARD A DAWSON, JR., senior judgeÐArkansasÐborn October 23, 1922, Okolona, AR, married to Marianne Atherholt; two daughters, Amy and Suzanne; graduated from Univer- sity of North Carolina, B.S. in business administration, 1946; George Washington University Law School, J.D. with honors, 1949; president, Case Club; secretary-treasurer, Student Bar Association; private practice of law, Washington, DC, 1949±50; served with the U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service, as follows: attorney, civil division, Office of Chief Counsel, 1950±53; civil advisory counsel, Atlanta District, 1953±57; regional counsel, Atlanta U.S. Tax Court 865

Region, 1958; personal assistant to Chief Counsel, December 1, 1958 to June 1, 1959; and assistant chief counsel (administration), June 1, 1959 to August 19, 1962; military service: U.S. Army Finance Corps, 1942±45; served 2 years in European theater; captain, Finance Corps, U.S. Army Reserve; member of District of Columbia Bar, Georgia Bar, American Bar Association (Section of Taxation), Federal Bar Association, National Lawyers Club, Delta Theta Phi Legal Fraternity, George Washington University Law Alumni Association; appointed on August 21, 1962, to the U.S. Tax Court for term expiring June 1, 1970; reappointed on May 21, 1970, to the U.S. Tax Court for a 15-year term expiring June 1, 1985; elected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning July 1, 1973; reelected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning July 1, 1975; again elected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning July 1, 1983. Assumed status as a senior judge on June 2, 1985. David L. Brennan Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, University of Akron School of Law, spring term, 1986, professor of law and director, Graduate Tax Program, University of Baltimore School of Law, 1986± 89; presently serving on senior status. ARTHUR L. NIMS III, senior judgeÐNew Jersey; elected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning June 1, 1988, re-elected chief judge beginning June 1, 1990; born January 3, 1923, Oklahoma City, OK; married to Nancy Chloe Keyes; two daughters; Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, MA; B.A., Williams College; LL.B., University of Georgia Law School; LL.M. (Tax), New York University Law School; served as an officer, lieutenant (jg.), U.S. Naval Reserve, on active duty in the Pacific theater during World War II; admitted to the bar of Georgia, 1949; and practiced in Macon, GA, 1949±51; served as special attorney, Office of the District Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, New York, NY, 1951±54; attorney, Legisla- tion and Regulations Division, Chief Counsel's Office, Washington, DC, 1954±55; admitted to the bar of New Jersey, 1955; was with the law firm of McCarter and English, Newark, NJ, until 1979, having become a partner in 1961; served as secretary, Section of Taxation, American Bar Association, 1977±79; served as chairman, Section of Taxation, New Jersey State Bar Association, 1969±71; member, American Law Institute; appointed by the President to the U.S. Tax Court, June 21, 1979, to succeed Judge Arnold Raum, who assumed senior status; took office on June 29, 1979; assumed senior status June 1, 1992. JULES G. KOÈ RNER III, senior judgeÐMaryland; born July 27, 1922, Washington, DC; married to Jean McKee in 1943; two children: Jules G. IV and Catherine Anne; graduated from St. Albans School, 1939; University of Virginia (intermediate honors and Dean's List), A.B., 1943; University of Mexico (Mexico, D.F.), Summer school, 1941; University of Virginia Law School, Dean's List, LL.B. (later J.D.), 1947; member of Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity and Kappa Sigma fraternity; commissioned ensign, U.S. Naval Reserve, 1943; served on active duty with U.S. Navy, amphibious forces as commanding officer of amphibious landing ship, 1943±46, in various places, including Pacific theatre and Japan; resigned as lieutenant, USNR, 1960; past commanding officer (1955±56) of Naval Reserve Material Company W±2, under Office of Naval Materiel; member: bars of the District of Columbia, Virginia and Maryland; attorney in the area of federal tax law in the Washington, DC law firm of Blair, KoÈrner, Doyle and Worth (later KoÈrner, Doyle, Worth and Crampton), 1947±70; senior tax partner Pope Ballard and Loos, 1970±81; served as a tax member of a private mission employed by the Government of Ecuador, 1961; served as adjunct professor of law at George- town University from 1963±68,appointed to the U.S. Tax Court on November 16, 1981, and took oath of office on January 22, 1982; nominated for a 15-year term to fill one of the three new seats on the court, created by Congress, effective February 1, 1981, term expires January 22, 1997; assumed senior status July 28, 1992. CHARLES E. CLAPP II, judgeÐRhode Island; born Newton, MA, December 25, 1923; married to Elinor L. Jones, 1951; three sons and four daughters; attended Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, MA; B.A., Williams College, 1945; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1949; served as an officer in the U.S. Navy on active duty during World War II (Pacific theater) and the Korean war, lieutenant (retired), 1953; admitted to Massachusetts bar, 1949, Rhode Island bar, 1956, and Florida bar, 1982; practiced law in the firm of Richardson Wolcott, Tyler and Fassett, Boston, 1949±50; served as law clerk to Judge J. Edgar Murdock of the U.S. Tax Court, 1952±55; joined Edwards and Angell, Providence, RI, 1955, became a member of the firm in 1959, and was senior tax partner at the time of appointment to the Tax Court; member: American Bar Association (tax section); Rhode Island Bar Association (chair- man, tax committee, 1966±69 and 1979±82); Florida Bar Association; and executive committee of the Federal Tax Institute of New England; cofounder, Federal Tax Forum, Rhode Island; advisory committee, University of Rhode Island Institute on Federal Taxation; involved in many civic activities including United Way Board and campaign; past president, Narragansett Council, Boy Scouts of America; past president, Barrington (RI) Town Council; appointed to the Tax Court for a term expiring August 15, 1998; retired December 25, 1993; presently serving on senior status. 866 Congressional Directory

LAPSLEY WALKER HAMBLEN, JR., senior judgeÐVirginia; born December 25, 1926, Chattanooga, TN; married to Claudia Royster Terrell, Lynchburg, VA, 1971; three sons by previous marriage; served in the U.S. Navy, 1945±46, graduated from McCallie School, Chat- tanooga, TN, 1943; B.A., University of Virginia, 1949; LL.B., 1953; member: Order of the Coif, Raven Society, Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Alpha Delta, and Phi Delta Theta; admitted to the bar, West Virginia, 1954, Ohio, 1955, and Virginia, 1957; trial attorney, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service (Atlanta, GA), 1955±56, attorney-advisor, Tax Court of the United States (Judge Craig S. Atkins), 1956±57; private practice of law, Lynchburg, VA, as a member of Caskie, Frost, Hobbs and Hamblen and predecessors, 1957± 82; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1982; former chairman, Tax Section Board of Governors, Virginia State Bar; former trustee, Southern Federal Tax Institute, Atlanta, GA; past codirector, Annual Virginia Conference on Federal Taxation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; fellow, American College of Tax Counsel and American College of Probate Counsel; member: Virginia, Federal and American (tax section) Bar Associations and Virginia State Bar; took oath of office as a judge of the U.S. Tax Court, September 14, 1982, for a 15-year term to succeed Judge Sheldon V. Ekman, deceased; elected chief judge for a 2-year term beginning June 1, 1992. LAWRENCE A. WRIGHT, senior judgeÐVermont; born in Stratton, ME, December 25, 1927; married to Avis Leahy, 1953; five sons: Michael, David, James, Stephen, and Douglas; B.A., government, University of Maine, 1953; J.D., Georgetown University Law School, 1956; LL.M., taxation, Boston University Law School, 1962; practiced law with Gravel, Shea and Wright, Ltd., Vermont; tax commissioner, State of Vermont, 1969±71, senior trial counsel, Chief Counsel's office of the Internal Revenue Service, Boston, 1958±69; admitted to practice in the States of Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts, and the District of Columbia; member, American Bar Association (tax section); chairman, tax committee, Vermont Bar Association; taught the State and Federal tax portion of the Vermont Bar Association bar review course; served on several tax seminars as a panelist on both State and Federal tax matters; served in the U.S. Army 1945±48, second lieutenant; retired, U.S. Army Reserve, 1978, as colonel in the Judge Advocate Branch; appointed to the Tax Court for a 15-year term beginning October 30, 1984. SPECIAL TRIAL JUDGES OF THE COURT Robert N. Armen, Jr.; Lewis R. Carluzzo; D. Irvin Couvillion; John F. Dean; Daniel J. Dinan; Stanley J. Goldberg; Larry L. Nameroff; John J. Pajak; Peter J. Panuthos (chief special trial judge); Carleton D. Powell, Norman H. Wolfe. OFFICERS OF THE COURT Clerk.ÐCharles S. Casazza, 606±2754. Deputy Clerk.ÐLynne L. Glasser. Budget and Accounting Officer.ÐWashington B. Bowie. Librarian.ÐElsa Silverman. Reporter.ÐJohn T. Fee. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES*

450 E Street NW 20442±0001, phone 272±1448, FAX 504±4672 WALTER THOMPSON COX III, chief judge; born August 13, 1942, in Anderson, SC; son of Walter T. Cox and Mary Johnson Cox; married to Vicki Grubbs of Anderson, SC, February 8, 1963; children: Lisa and Walter; B.S., Clemson University, 1964; J.D. (cum laude), University of South Carolina School of Law, 1967; graduated Defense Language Institute (German), 1969; graduated basic course, the Judge Advocate General's School, Char- lottesville, VA, 1967; studied procurement law at that same school, 1968. Active duty, U.S. Army judge advocate general's corps, 1964±72 (1964±67, excess leave to U.S.C. Law School). Private law practice, 1973±78. Elected resident judge, 10th Judicial Circuit, South Carolina, 1978±84; also served as acting associate justice of South Carolina supreme court, on the judicial council, on the circuit court advisory committee, and as a hearing officer of the judicial standards commission; member: bar of the Supreme Court of the United States; bar of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals; South Carolina Bar Association; Anderson County Bar Association; the American Bar Association; the South Carolina Trial Lawyers Association; the Federal Bar Association; and the Bar Association of the District of Columbia; has served as a member of the House of Delegates of the South Carolina Bar, and the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline. Nominated by President Reagan, as judge of U.S. Court of Military Appeals, June 28, 1984, for a term of 15 years; confirmed by the Senate, July 26, 1984; sworn-in and officially assumed his duties on September 6, 1984. EUGENE R. SULLIVAN, associate judge; born August 2, 1941, in St. Louis, MO; son of Raymond V. and Rosemary K. Sullivan; married to Lis U. Johansen of Ribe, Denmark, June 18, 1966; children: Kim A. and Eugene R. II; B.S., U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 1964; J.D., Georgetown Law Center, Washington, DC, 1971; active duty with the U.S. Army, 1964±69; service included duty with the 3rd Armored Division in Germany, and the 4th Infantry Division in Vietnam; R&D assignments with the Army Aviation Systems Command; one year as an instructor at the Army Ranger School, Ft. Benning, GA; decorations include: Bronze Star, Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Ranger and Parachutist Badges, Air Force Exceptional Civilian Service Medal. Following graduation from law school, clerked with U.S. Court of Appeals (8th Circuit), St. Louis, 1971±72; private law practice, Washington, DC, 1972±74; assistant special counsel, White House, 1974; trial attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, 1974±82; deputy general counsel, Department of the Air Force, 1982±84; general counsel of the Department of Air Force, 1984±86; Governor of Wake Island, 1984±86; presently serves on the Board of Governors for the West Point Society of the District of Columbia; the American Cancer Society (Montgomery County Chapter); nominated by President Reagan, as judge, U.S. Court of Military Appeals on February 25, 1986, and confirmed by the Senate on May 20, 1986, and assumed his office on May 27, 1986. President Bush named him the chief judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, effective October 1, 1990. SUSAN J. CRAWFORD, judge; born April 22, 1947, in Pittsburgh, PA; daughter of William E. and Joan B. Crawford; married to Roger W. Higgins of Geneva, NY, September 8, 1979; one child, Kelley S. Higgins; B.A., Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, 1969; J.D. (cum laude), Dean's Award, Arthur McClean Founder's Award, New England School of Law, Boston, MA, 1977; Career record: history teacher and coach of women's athletics, Radnor High School, Pennsylvania, 1969±74; associate, Burnett and Eiswert, Oakland, MD, 1977±79; Assistant State's Attorney, Garrett County, Maryland, 1978±79; partner, Burnett, Eiswert and Crasford, 1979±81; instructor, Garrett County Community College, 1979±81; dep- uty general counsel, 1981±83, and general counsel, Department of the Army, 1983±89; special counsel to Secretary of Defense, 1989; inspector general, Department of Defense, 1989± 91; member: bar of the Supreme Court of the United States; bar of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, Maryland Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, and the Edward Bennett Williams American Inn of Court; member: board of trustees, 1989±present, and Corporation, 1992±present, of New

*Prior to October 5, 1994, United States Court of Military Appeals. 867 868 Congressional Directory

England School of Law; board of trustees, 1988±present, Bucknell University; nominated by President Bush as judge, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, February 19, 1991, for a term of 15 years; confirmed by the Senate on November 14, 1991, sworn in and officially assumed her duties on November 19, 1991. H.F. ``SPARKY'' GIERKE, judge, born March 13, 1943, in Williston, ND; son of Herman F. Gierke, Jr., and Mary Kelly Gierke; children: Todd, Scott, Craig, and Michelle; B.A., University of North Dakota, 1964; J.D., University of North Dakota, 1966; graduated basic course, the Judge Advocate General's School, Charlottesville, VA, 1967; graduated military judge course, the Judge Advocate General's School, Charlottesville, VA, 1969; active duty, U.S. Army judge advocate general's corps, 1967±71; private practice of law, 1971±83; served as a justice of the North Dakota supreme court from October 1, 1983 until appointment to U.S. Court of Military Appeals. Admitted to the North Dakota Bar, 1966; admitted to practice law before all North Dakota Courts, U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court; served as president of the State Bar Association of North Dakota in 1982±83; served as president of the North Dakota State's Attorneys Association in 1979±80; served on the board of governors of the North Dakota Trial Lawyers Association from 1977±83; served on the board of governors of the North Dakota State Bar Association from 1977±79 and from 1981±84; served as vice chairman and later chairman of the North Dakota Judicial Conference from June 1989 until November 1991. Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and the American College of Probate Counsel; member of the American Bar Association, American Judicature Society, Association of Trial Lawyers of America, Blue Key National Honor Fraternity, Kappa Sigma Social Fraternity, University of North Dakota President's Club; in 1984, received the Governor's Award from Governor Allen I. Olson for outstanding service to the State of North Dakota; in 1988 and again in 1991, awarded the North Dakota National Leadership Award of Excellence by Governor George A. Sinner; in 1989, selected as the Man of the Year by the Delta Mu Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity and as Outstanding Greek Alumnus of the University of North Dakota; also awarded the University of North Dakota Sioux Award (UND's alumni association's highest honor); in 1983±84, served as the first Vietnam era state commander of the North Dakota American Legion; in 1988±89, served as the first Vietnam era national commander of the American Legion; nominated by President Bush, October 1, 1991; confirmed by the Senate, November 14, 1991; sworn-in and assumed office on the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, November 20, 1991. ANDREW S. EFFRON, associate judge; the Court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate; the Court has appellate jurisdiction over cases arising under the Uniform Code of Military Justice; decisions of the Court are subject to review by the United States Supreme Court; Judge Effron joined the Court in 1996; he previously served on the staff of the Senate Armed Services Committee; attorney-adviser, Department of Defense Office of General Counsel and Office of the Staff Judge Advocate, Fort McClellan, Alabama; and legislative aide to the late Representative William A. Steiger; Judge Effron was born in Stamford, Connecticut and raised in Poughkeepsie, New York; he is a graduate of Harvard College, Harvard Law School, and the Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army; he and his wife Barbara live in Annandale, Virginia; they have a daughter, Robin, and a son, Michael. WILLIAM HOLMES COOK, senior judge; born in Carbondale, IL, June 2, 1920; son of Rex H. and Mary Dola (Carter) Cook; prelaw, Southern Illinois University, 1938±40; J.D., Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 1947; active duty in U.S. Army, 1942±46; admitted to bar of Illinois and to practice before the Illinois supreme court, 1947; and before the Supreme Court in 1956; private practice of law in Charleston, IL, 1949±52; joined Federal Trade Commission as an attorney in 1954; became assistant to the chairman in 1957; in 1959, joined the Department of the Navy serving as associate counsel for property and special matters; in 1963, appointed counsel for the Armed Services Committee, House of Representatives; nominated by President Nixon to be an associate judge of U.S. Court of Military Appeals on August 2, 1974, for the remainder of the term expiring May 1, 1976; unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 16, 1974, and took oath of office on August 21, 1974; commission signed by President Ford on August 20, 1974; reappointed by President Ford on February 10, 1976, and again unanimously confirmed by the Senate for the term expiring May 1, 1991, and took oath of office on April 23, 1976; retired on March 31, 1984 and immediately assumed status of senior judge, returning to full active service until June 30, 1984. WILLIAM HORACE DARDEN, senior judge; born in Union Point, GA, May 16, 1923; son of William W. and Sara (Newsom) Darden; B.B.A., University of Georgia, 1946; LL.B., U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces 869

University of Georgia, 1948; admitted to bar of Georgia and to practice before the Georgia Supreme Court, 1948; active duty in U.S. Navy from July 1, 1943 to July 3, 1946, when released to inactive duty as lieutenant (jg.); married to Mary Parrish Viccellio of Chatham, VA, December 31, 1949; children: Sara Newsom, Martha Hardy, William H., Jr., Daniel Hobson; secretary to U.S. Senator Richard B. Russell, 1948±51; chief clerk of U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, 1951±53; professional staff member and later chief of staff, U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, February 1953 to November 1968; received recess appointment as judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals from President Johnson on November 5, 1968, to succeed the late Judge Paul J. Kilday; took oath of office on November 13, 1968; nominated by President Johnson for the unexpired part of the term of the late Judge Paul J. Kilday ending May 1, 1976; confirmed by Senate on January 14, 1969; designated chief judge by President Nixon on June 23, 1971; resigned December 29, 1973; elected to become senior judge on February 11, 1974. ROBINSON O. EVERETT, senior judge; born in Durham, NC, March 18, 1928; son of Reuben O. and Kathrine (Robinson) Everett; A.B. (magna cum laude), Harvard College, 1947; J.D. (magna cum laude), Harvard Law School, 1950; LL.M., Duke University, 1959; active duty in U.S. Air Force, 1951±53; thereafter served in U.S. Air Force Reserve and retired as colonel, 1978; married to Linda McGregor of Greensboro, NC, August 27, 1966; children: Robinson O., Jr., McGregor, and Lewis Moore; commissioner, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, 1953±55; private law practice, Durham, NC, 1955±80; assistant professor of law, 1950±51; adjunct professor of law, 1963±66; professor of law, Duke Law School, 1967± present; chairman Durham Urban Redevelopment Commission, 1958±75; counsel, 1961±64; consultant, 1964±66; Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Senate Committee on the Judici- ary; chairman, Standing Committee on Military Law, American Bar Association, 1977±79; president, Durham County Bar Association, 1976±77; commissioner, National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 1961±73, 1977±present; member, American Law Insti- tute, 1966±present; councillor, North Carolina State Bar, 1978±83; nominated by President Carter as judge of U.S. Court of Military Appeals, February 14, 1980, for the remainder of the term expiring May 1, 1981; unanimously confirmed by the Senate and designated chief judge by President Carter, March 28, 1980; took oath of office, April 16, 1980; term of office extended until April 15, 1990, by Act of December 23, 1980, Public Law 96± 579, section 12, 94 Stat. 3369; term of office further extended until Sep. 30, 1990 by Act of November 29, 1989, Public Law 101±189, section 1301, 103 Stat 1575±76. Immediately upon his retirement at the end of his term on September 30, 1990, assumed status of senior judge and returned to full active service pending the appointment of his successor. OFFICERS OF THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES Clerk of the Court.ÐThomas F. Granahan. Central Legal Staff Director.ÐWilliam N. Early. Reporter of Decisions.ÐJohn A. Cutts II. Administrative Officer.ÐRobert J. Bieber. Librarian.ÐAgnes Kiang. UNITED STATES COURT OF VETERANS APPEALS

625 Indiana Avenue 20004, phone 501±5970

FRANK Q. NEBEKER, chief judge; of Arlington, VA, associate degree, history, Weber College; B.A., political science, University of Utah; law degree, American University; cor- respondence secretary in the White House; trial attorney, Internal Security Division, Department of Justice, 1956±58; Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1958±69; chief, appellate division, Office of the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1962±69; associate judge, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1969±87; director, Office of Government Ethics; first chief judge, U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals; sworn in July 24, 1989; the court began operating on October 16, 1989; married; father of three adult children. KENNETH B. KRAMER, judge; born February 19, 1942, in Chicago, IL; B.A., University of Illinois, 1963; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1966; admitted to the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, the State of Colorado, and the State of Illinois; commissioned in the U.S. Army, captain, Judge Advocate General's Corps, 1967±70; counsel, Army Physical Disability Evaluation Board, which determined ratings and benefits of disabled service personnel at the Fitzsimmons Army Medical Center, Ft. Lewis, WA; trial counsel and defense counsel in numerous general courts-martial cases; chief, administrative law depart- ment and legal assistance officer; practiced civil litigation law with the Lord, Bissell and Brook, 1970; prosecutor, Office of the Deputy District Attorney, 4th Judicial District Colorado, 1970±72; practiced law with Holme, Roberts, and Owen, Colorado Springs, CO, 1972±74; practiced law with Floyd, Kramer and Lambrecht in Colorado, 1975±78; elected to the Colorado House of Representatives, 1973±78; serving as the Chairman of the Rules Committee, and member: Judiciary, Business Affairs and Labor, Education Finance and Health Committees; elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, 1979±87; candidate for the U.S. Senate race in Colorado, 1986; vice president, Aries Properties in Colorado Springs, CO, 1987; served as Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management), 1988, until September 1989; confirmed by the U.S. Senate to the Court of Veterans Appeals on September 17, 1989; sworn in October 16, 1989; JOHN J. FARLEY III, judge, of Bowie, MD; born July 30, 1942 in Hackensack, NJ to John J., Jr. and Patricia F. (Earle) Farley; married June 27, 1970 to Kathleen M. Wells; children: Maura, Brendan, Thomas, and Caitlin; A.B., economics, Holy Cross College, Worces- ter, MA, 1964; M.B.A., Columbia University Graduate School of Business, 1966 (Samuel Bronfman Fellow, Alpha Kappa Psi); J.D. (cum laude), Hofstra University School of Law, 1973 (first in class, editor-in-chief, Hofstra Law Review); served active duty as private, U.S. Army, 1966; released as Captain in 1970 after service in Vietnam, with Bronze Star with ``V'' device, three oak leaf clusters, Purple Heart with oak leaf cluster, Army Commenda- tion Medal; career record 1973±78; attorney with the Department of Justice: trial attorney, torts section, 1978±80; assistant director for official immunity, torts branch, 1980±89; director, torts branch, with Civil Division, Department of Justice, 1989±present; admitted to: New York State Bar, 1974; District of Columbia Bar and U.S. Court of Appeals for D.C., 1975; U.S. Supreme Court Bar, 1977; author: ``Robin Hood Jurisprudence: The Triumph of Equity in American Tort Law,'' 65 St. John's Law Review 997, 1991; ``The New Kid on the Block: The United States Court of Veterans Appeals,'' Federal Bar News and Journal, volume 38, No. 9, Nov./Dec. 1991; ``Personal Liability of Federal Investigators and Law Enforcement Officers,'' Investigators Journal, volume 2, Fall 1986; ``Senior Executives' Per- sonal Liability,'' 7, Action 4, May 1987; ``The Fallout from Westfall,'' 8 Ibid. 3 March 1988; ``From Liability to Immunity: The Roller Coaster Ride of 1988,'' The Institute, 1, February 1989; notable decisions: Erspamer v. Derwinski, 1990; Rogozinski v. Derwinski, 1990; Gilbert v. Derwinski, 1990; Fegere v. Derwinski, 1990; Smith v. Derwinski, 1991; Ashley v. Derwinski, 1992; Darrow v. Derwinski, 1992; Zarycki v. Brown, 1993; Elcyzyn v. Brown, 1994; recipient: Special Achievement Award, Department of Justice, 1979; First Civil Division Special Award for Superior Performance, Department of Justice, 1980; Senior Executive Service Special Achievement Awards, 1984 and 1988; Distinguished Alumni medal, Hofstra University School of Law, 1986; member: Federal Bar Association; Disabled American Veterans; John Carroll Society; Roman Catholic; nominated for appointment on August 29, 870 United States Court of Veterans Appeals 871

1989, by President Bush; confirmed by the Senate September 14, 1989; sworn in September 15, 1989.

RONALD M. HOLDAWAY, judge; born on November 27, 1934, in Afton, WY; parents, O.J. and Fern (Melville) Holdaway; married in December 1958 to Judith K. Janisoski; children: Denise E. Smith and Georgia A. Robinson; higher education: B.A., history, University of Wyoming, 1957; J.D., National Defense University, Washington, DC, 1959; entered active duty, lieutenant, U.S. Army, 1959; retired as Brigadier General in 1989; active duty assignments include: legal staff officer, 4th Infantry Division, Ft. Lewis, WA, 1960±63; legal staff officer, Schofield Barracks, HI, 1963±66; instructor in criminal law, Judge Advocate General's School, VA, 1966±69; staff judge advocate, First Cavalry Division (Airmobile), Vietnam, 1969±70; chief, government appellate division, Office of The Judge Advocate General, 1971±75; chief, of personnel, Judge Advocate General's Corps, Washington, DC, 1975±77; staff judge advocate, U.S. Army VII Corps, Stuttgart, Germany, 1978±80; executive to the Judge Advocate General, 1980±81; Assistant Judge Advocate General, civil law, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 1981±83; Judge Advocate General (BG), U.S. Army Europe, Heidelberg, Germany, 1983±87; chief judge, U.S. Army Court of Military Review and Commander, U.S. Army Legal Services Agency, Washington, DC, 1987±89; awards and decorations: (2) Distin- guished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Air Medal, (2) Meritorious Service Medal, Commendation Medal, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Ribbon with four campaign stars, Vietnam Service Medal; admitted to Wyoming bar; U.S. Court of Military Appeals; U.S. Supreme Court Bar; author: ``Voire Dire, A Neglected Tool of Advocacy,'' 43 Military Law Review, 1; ``Litigating Speedy Trial,'' The Army Lawyer, July 1974; ``Litigat- ing Defense Request for Witnesses,'' Ibid., April 1975; member: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints;; nominated for appointment on January 23, 1990, by President Bush; confirmed by the Senate August 3, 1990; sworn in August 7, 1990.

DONALD L. IVERS, judge; A.A., New Mexico Military Institute, 1961; B.A., University of New Mexico, 1963; J.D., American University, 1971; active duty in the U.S. Army, 1963±68, U.S., Europe, and Vietnam; retired from U.S. Army Reserve with the rank of lieutenant colonel; clerk, District of Columbia Superior Court and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals; private practice of law with Brault, Graham, Scott and Brault, Washington, DC, 1972±78; chief counsel, Republican National Committee, 1978±81; chief counsel, Federal Highway Administration, 1981±85; director, Safety Review Task Force, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1984±85; general counsel, Veterans Administration, 1985±89; assistant to the Secretary, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 1990; resides in Alexandria, VA; married, and the father of two children; nominated by President Bush, confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 1990; sworn in August 7, 1990.

JONATHAN ROBERT STEINBERG, judge; B.A., Cornell University, 1960; L.L.B., cum laude, University of Pennsylvania School of Law. 1963; research and note editor, University of Pennsylvania Law School; Order of the Coif; research assistant, American Law Institute; law clerk for then Judge Warren E.. Burger, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1963±64; attorney advisor, Peace Corps, 1968±69; staff counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare (Subcommittee on Veterans' Affairs, Subcommittee on Railroad Retirement, and Special Subcommittee on Human Resources) 1969±77; chief counsel/staff director, U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, 1977±81 and 1987±90; minority chief counsel/staff director, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, 1981±87; resides in Potomac, MD with his wife Shellie; two adult children: Andrew and Amy; nominated by President Bush in May 1990, confirmed by the U.S. Senate in August 1990.

OFFICERS OF THE U.S. COURT OF VETERANS APPEALS Clerk.ÐRobert F. Comeau, 501±5980. Chief Deputy Clerk.ÐJames L. Caldwell. Counsel and Reporter of Decisions.ÐJack F. Lane. Central Legal Staff Director.ÐPatrick B. O'Brien. Administrative Officer.ÐMarlene Davis. Librarian.ÐBernard J. Sussman. 872 Congressional Directory JUDICIAL PANEL ON MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION

Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, Room G±255, North Lobby, One Columbus Circle NE 20002±8004 phone (202) 273±2800, FAX 273±2810

(National jurisdiction to centralize related cases pending in multiple circuits and districts under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1407 & 2112) Chairman.ÐJohn F. Nangle, U.S. District Judge, Southern District of Georgia. Judges: Robert R. Merhige, Jr., Senior U.S. District Judge, Eastern District of Virginia. William B. Enright, Senior U.S. District Judge, Southern District of California. Clarence A. Brimmer, U.S. District Judge, District of Wyoming. John F. Grady, U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Illinois. Barefoot Sanders, Senior U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Texas. Louis C. Bechtle, Senior U.S. District Judge, Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Executive Attorney.ÐRobert A. Cahn. Clerk.ÐPatricia D. Howard. Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 873 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE U.S. COURTS

Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building

One Columbus Circle, NE 20544, phone (202) 273±0107 Director.ÐLeonidas Ralph Mecham, 273±3000. Associate Director, Management and Operations.ÐClarence A. (Pete) Lee, Jr., 273±3015. Office of Audit.ÐDavid L. Gellman, Chief, 273±2080. Office of Management Coordination.ÐCathy A. McCarthy, Management Coordination Officer, 273±1150. Office of Program Assessment.ÐDuane Rex Lee, Program Assessment Officer, 273±1220. Associate Director and General Counsel.ÐWilliam R. Burchill, Jr., 273±1100. Deputy General Counsel.ÐRobert K. Loesche. Deputy General Counsel for Contracts and Procurement Law.ÐLinda Horowitz. Office of Judicial Conference Executive Secretariat.ÐKaren K. Siegel, Assistant Director, 273±1140. Deputy Assistant Director.ÐWendy Jennis. Office of Legislative Affairs.ÐMichael W. Blommer, Assistant Director, 273±1120. Deputy Assistant Director.ÐArthur E. White. Office of Public Affairs.ÐDavid A Sellers, Acting Assistant Director, 273±0107. Office of Court Programs.ÐNoel J. Augustyn, Assistant Director, 273±1500. Deputy for Court Administration.ÐRobert Lowney. Court Administration Policy Staff.ÐAbel J. Mattos, Chief, 273±1539. Appellate Court and Circuit Administration Division.ÐJohn P. Hehman, Chief, 273±1543. Bankruptcy Court Administration Division.ÐGlen K. Palman, Chief, 273±1547. Defender Services Division.ÐTheodore J. Lidz, Chief, 273±1670. District Court Administration Division.ÐWilliam M. Moran, Jr., Acting Chief, 273±1534. Federal Corrections and Supervision Division.ÐEunice Holt Jones, Chief, 273±1610. Office of Facilities, Security and Administrative Services.ÐP. Gerald Thacker, Assistant Director, 273±1200. Deputy Assistant Director.ÐWilliam J. Lehman, 273±1230. Policy and Resource Management Staff.ÐRoss Eisenman, Chief, 273±1200. Administrative Office Personnel Office.ÐNancy Lee Bradshaw, Administrative Office Personnel Officer, 273±2777. Job Opportunity Recording, 273±2760. Job Opportunity Request Line, 273±2761. Administrative Services Office.ÐLaura C. Minor, Chief, 273±4301. Court Security Office.ÐDennis P. Chapas, Chief, 273±1517. Relocation and Travel Management Office.ÐJohn R. Breslin, Chief, 273±1214. Contracts Division.ÐFred McBride, Chief, 273±1430. Space and Facilities Division.ÐWilliam J. Lehman, Chief, 273±1230. Office of Finance and Budget.ÐJoseph J. Bobek, Assistant Director, 273±2000. Deputy Assistant Director.ÐGeorge H. Schafer, 273±2000. Economy Subcommittee Support Office.ÐDiane V. Margeson, Chief, 273±2009. Financial Liaison Office.ÐPenny Fleming, Financial Liaison Officer, 273±2028. Accounting and Financial Systems Division.ÐPhilip L. McKinney, Chief, 273±2160. Budget Division.ÐGregory D. Cummings, Chief, 273±2100. Office of Human Resources and Statistics.ÐMyra Howze Shiplett, Assistant Director, 273±1277. Deputy Assistant Director.ÐR. Townsend Robinson, 501±8090. Analytical Services Office.ÐDavid L. Cook, Chief, 273±2159. Employee Relations and Training Division.ÐMaurice E. White, Chief, 273±1260. Human Resources Division.ÐCharlotte G. Peddicord, Chief, 273±1270. Statistics Division.ÐSteven R. Schlesinger, Chief, 273±2240. Office of Information Technology.ÐPamela B. White, Assistant Director, 273±2300. Computer Security and Independent Testing Office.ÐFrank S. Dozier, Chief, 273±2350. Customer Relations Office.ÐDennis E. Morey, Chief, 273±2700. Technology Enhancement Office.ÐRichard D. Fennell, Chief, 273±2730. Technology Policy, Planning and Acquisitions Office.ÐMelvin J. Bryson, Chief, 273±2305. Applications Management and Development Division.ÐGary L. Bockweg, Chief, 273±2500. Networks and Systems Integration Division.ÐCharles M. Mayer, Chief, 273±2640. 874 Congressional Directory

Technology Training and Support Division.ÐCharles W. Vagner, Chief, (210) 530±6200. Office of Judges Programs.ÐPeter G. McCabe, Assistant Director, 273±1800. Long Range Planning Office.ÐJeffrey A. Hennemuth, Chief, 273±1810. Rules Committee Support Office.ÐJohn K. Rabiej, Chief, 273±1820. Article III Judges Division.ÐJohn E. Howell, Chief, 273±1860. Bankruptcy Judges Division.ÐFrancis F. Szczebak, Chief, 273±1900. Magistrate Judges Division.ÐThomas C. Hnatowski, Chief, 273±1830.

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER One Columbus Circle NE 20002±8003, phone (202) 273±4153 Director.ÐJudge Rya W. Zobel, 273±4160, fax 273±4019. Senior Administrative Assistant.ÐLinda M. Beavers, 273±4160, 273±4164 (fax 273±4019). Deputy Director.ÐRussell R. Wheeler, 273±4164, fax 273±4019. Director ofÐ Judicial Education.ÐRobb M. Jones, 273±4059, fax 273±4023. Court Education.ÐEmily Z. Huebner, 273±4110, fax 273±4020. Research.ÐJames B. Eaglin (acting), 273±4071, fax 273±4021. Planning and Technology.ÐGordon Bermant, 273±4200, fax 273±4024. Publications and Media.ÐSylvan A. Sobel, 273±4140, fax 273±4025. Information Specialist.ÐRoger Karr, 273±4153, fax 273±4025. Federal Judicial History Office.ÐBruce A. Ragsdale, 273±4181, fax 273±4025. Interjudicial Affairs Office.ÐJames G. Apple, 273±4161, fax 273±4019.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURTS phone 879±1010 Executive Officer.ÐUlysses B. Hammond, 879±1700. Deputy Executive Officer.Ð[Vacant], 879±4616; fax 879±4829. Fiscal Officer.ÐJohn F. Schultheis, 879±2806; fax 879±2894. Director, Court Reporting Division.ÐShirley Shepard Curley, 879±1016.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF APPEALS 500 Indiana Avenue 20001 Chief Judge.ÐAnnice M. Wagner, 879±2770. Associate Judges: Vanessa Ruiz, 879±2761. Michael W. Farrell, 879±2790. John A. Terry, 879±2780. John M. Ferren, 879±2750. Frank E. Schwelb, 879±2730. Warren King, 879±2740. John M. Steadman, 879±2727. Retired Judges: Gerard D. Reilly (chief judge), 879±2755; George R. Gallagher, 879±2764; John W. Kern III, 879±2754; William C. Pryor, 879±2745; Julia Cooper Mack, 879±2765; Theodore R. Newman, Jr., 879±2740; James A. Belson, 879±2760. Clerk.ÐWilliam H. Ng, 879±2725. Chief Deputy Clerk.ÐJoy A. Chapper, 879±2722, fax 626±8847. Director of Admissions, Committee on Admissions.ÐClare M. Root, 879±2714.

SUPERIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA phone 879±1010 Chief Judge.ÐEugene N. Hamilton, 879±1600, fax 879±7830. Associate Judges: Mary Ellen Abrecht, 879±7834. Russell F. Canan, 879±1952. Geoffrey M. Alprin, 879±1577. Kaye K. Christian, 879±1668. Judith Bartnoff, 879±1988. Harold L. Cushenberry, Jr., 879±4866. John H. Bayly, Jr., 879±7874. Rafael Diaz, 879±1125. Shellie F. Bowers, 879±1288. Herbert B. Dixon, Jr., 879±4808. A. Franklin Burgess, Jr., 879±1164. Frederick D. Dorsey, 879±7837. Arthur L. Burnett, Sr., 879±4883. Stephanie Duncan-Peters, 879±1882. Zoe Bush, 879±0023. Mildred M. Edwards, 879±7840. District of Columbia Courts 875

Stephen F. Eilperin, 879±1566. Truman A. Morrison III, 879±1060. Wendell P. Gardner, Jr., 879±1810. Evelyn E. Queen, 879±4886. Steffen W. Graae, 879±1244. Michael Lee Rankin, 879±1220. Henry F. Greene, 879±1455. Judith E. Retchin, 879±1866. Linda Turner Hamilton, 879±1819. Robert I. Richter, 879±1422. Brook Hedge, 879±1886. Richard S. Salzman, 879±1717. Ellen Segal Huvelle, 879±1264. Lee F. Satterfield, 879±1918. William M. Jackson, 879±1909. Nan R. Shuker, 879±1207. Ann O'Regan Keary, 879±1863. John H. Suda, 879±4873. Henry H. Kennedy, Jr., 879±1202. Harriett R. Taylor, 879±1442. Rufus G. King III, 879±1480. Robert S. Tignor, 879±1252. Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, 879±1430. Curtis E. von Kann, 879±1210. Noel A. Kramer, 879±1446. Reggie B. Walton, 879±1815. Richard A. Levie, 879±1247. Paul R. Webber III, 879±1426. Cheryl M. Long, 879±1200. Frederick H. Weisberg, 879±1066. Jose M. Lopez, 879±7877. Susan R. Winfield, 879±1272. Stephen G. Milliken, 879±1823. Rhonda Reid Winston, 879±4750. George W. Mitchell, 879±1277. Patricia A. Wynn, 879±4630. Zinora Mitchell-Rankin, 879±7846. Joan Zeldon, 879±1590. Gregory E. Mize, 879±1395. Retired Judges: Bruce D. Beaudin, 879±1575. Tim Murphy, 879±1099. Samuel B. Block, 879±1570. Nicholas S. Nunzio, 879±1440. George H. Goodrich, 879±1055. Joseph M.F. Ryan, Jr., 879±1448. Margaret A. Haywood, 879±4633. Donald S. Smith, 879±1490. John R. Hess, 879±1420. Fred B. Ugast, 879±1890. Fred L. McIntyre, 879±1428. Ronald P. Wertheim, 879±1170. Bruce S. Mencher, 879±1358. Peter H. Wolf, 879 ±1088. Clerk of the Court.ÐDuane B. Delaney, 879±1400. Deputy Clerk of the Court.ÐBarbara K. Parks, 879±1401; fax: 879±7831. Auditor-Master.ÐAnita Isicson, 879±4880; fax: 879±4620. Directors: Civil Division.ÐDeborah Taylor Godwin, 879±1680. Criminal Division.ÐWilliam G. Rogers, Sr., 879±1689; fax: 879±1371. Family Division.ÐH. Edward Ricks, 879±1633. Social Services.ÐMoses McAllister, 508±1800; fax: 508±1603. Probate, Register of Wills.ÐConstance G. Evans, 879±4800; fax: 393±5849. Multi-Door Dispute Resolution Division.ÐTerrence G. Jones, 879±1334; fax: 879±4619.

OFFICE OF THE REGISTER OF WILLS 500 Indiana Avenue 20001, phone 879±4800 Register of Wills.ÐConstance G. Evans, 879±4800. Deputy Register of Wills.ÐLouis L. Jenkins, 879±7800.