USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) PROJECT Final Report November 20th, 2015 – June 30th, 2020 CONTRACT NO: AID-497-C-16-00003 I | FINAL REPORT – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) PROJECT FINAL REPORT November 20th, 2015 – June 30th, 2020 Program Title: USAID Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan (APIK) Project Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Indonesia Office of Environment Contract Number: AID-497-C-16-00003 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: April 2020 (revised June 30, 2020) Author: DAI Cover photo: © USAID APIK Photos of the three APIK Landscapes: East Java watershed (left), Southeast Sulawesi coastal areas (center), and Maluku small islands (right) The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. USAID.GOV FINAL REPORT – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) | II COVER STORY A Place-Based Approach to Building Resilience in Indonesia For over four years, USAID, through its Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim dan Ketangguhan (APIK) project, has been working to support the Government of Indonesia, communities and the private sector to better manage climate and disaster risk. This effort has been delivered using a place-based approach to building resilience in the three provinces; East Java, Southeast Sulawesi, and Maluku, which represent watershed, coastal, and small island landscapes respectively. The place-based approach emphasizes that climate vulnerability is directly linked to each locale’s unique landscape, as well as socioeconomic, and institutional characteristics. Therefore, strategies to build resilience to climate and disaster risk also need to take into account these diverse, context specific characteristics. In all three provinces, USAID APIK has completed vulnerability assessments, influenced government budgeting and adaptation planning, and carried out actions from landscape level down to the village level with the approach driven by the specific context in each location. In East Java, APIK worked along the Brantas watershed to improve community resilience. The vulnerability assessments both at the upstream and downstream level indicated the increasing risk of future flood events that threaten sectors including infrastructure and agriculture. For instance, in Sumbermanjing Wetan Subdistrict, Malang District, APIK collaborated with the local government and community to improve disaster preparedness to flash flooding along the Panguluran river including Sukodono and Sitiarjo Village. This was done through setting up a community level disaster preparedness team, facilitating the development of a contingency plan for flash flooding and installation of a community- based flood early warning system (EWS). The information from the EWS can be accessed via mobile phones to provide advance notice to people if flooding is imminent. APIK worked together with the Malang District Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) to install the EWS which was complemented with evacuation and disaster emergency response simulation training. “After participating in the training on the use and maintenance of EWS, I now understand how to improve flood preparedness through monitoring the EWS systems that can be accessed simply from my mobile phone,” said Mamiek Misniati, the village head of Sitiarjo who participated in the EWS training. The community and village government realized that coordination plays a major role in ensuring a successful flood early warning system, not only within a single administration but also with other villages from upstream to downstream. Also, in East Java, APIK supported the state-owned forest enterprise (Perhutani), Forest Management Unit (KPH) in Blitar and communities along the Bogel river to address erosion and sedimentation issues by rehabilitation of the upstream watershed through bamboo planting. Approximately 4,400 bamboo seedlings have been planted along 3,100 m of critical areas in the upstream Bogel riverbank. The bamboo will help reduce the erosion rate so that as a result the sedimentation downstream may be reduced, which in turn will help mitigate the risk of flooding that impacts infrastructure, settlements, and the economy of Sutojayan, Bacem, and Pandanarum villages. The bamboo planting is expected to be expanded further by Perhutani to bring more significant impact. In Southeast Sulawesi, the vulnerability assessment detailed how warming ocean can disrupt biodiversity and consequently affecting the income of coastal communities such as fisherfolk and seaweed farmers. Sea level rise combined with extreme weather events are a major concern for coastal communities as this increases the risk and severity of coastal erosion. In Rumba-Rumba Village, South Konawe District, APIK has supported 25 seaweed farmers to adapt to the climate impact on seaweed production. The seaweed farmers had experienced a drastic decline in production due to ice-ice disease hardening the seaweed’s tissues and reducing yields. In collaboration with the village government, the activities in Rumba-Rumba were designed to support farmers to maximize community economic benefits from commercial seaweed production and ensure a stable income. APIK provided rafts, nets, and more importantly, knowledge in good seaweed farming practices through a series of training events. Following the assistance, the seaweed farmers have successfully harvested the seaweed and sold them to the market. On average, they received around IDR 3 million (US $220) every month by selling 166 kg of III | FINAL REPORT – USAID ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN KETANGGUHAN (APIK) USAID.GOV dried seaweeds. Prior to the intervention, they were only able to harvest 100 kg of wet seaweed a month, with a value of around IDR 600,000 (US $45). One of the seaweed farmers that is also the head of the Disaster Preparedness Group (KSB), Jawas Tullah stated that the training on climate and weather information has helped him a lot. “As both a seaweed farmer and fisherman, the use of climate and weather information training has helped me decide the right time for planting and when it is safe to go to sea. Now I am better able to predict weather at sea,” said Jawas. Another coastal problem identified by the assessment in Southeast Sulawesi is related to mangrove forests. In Awunio Village, over the last three decades, the mangrove areas have declined by almost half due to human activities including massive expansion of fish and shrimp ponds. This threatened coastal communities in the area since the mangrove forests protect them from the impact of extreme weather events, such as high waves and floods. To help re-establish the mangrove forests in this area, APIK together with the local community supported the development of Village Regulation Number 19/2019 on Mangrove Conservation. The village head, Arifin, said that with this regulation, the community has become more aware of protecting and utilizing mangrove properly. “Not only the community of Awunio, but also neighboring villages are now aware of the benefits of utilizing mangrove as a reforestation responsibility to ensure our safety. This regulation will also support the development of Awunio Village as a coastal ecotourism location in the future by the district government to support local income,” he added. In Maluku, the vulnerability assessment indicated that one of the impacts of climate change would be increasing frequency of extreme weather and high waves. Maluku province is predominantly made up of small islands and, as such, is highly dependent on sea transportation for trade and access to services. APIK supported the government to complete the formulation of a Local Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Action Plan (RAD MAPI) at the province, city and district level. This plan also proposes adaptation actions to reduce the risk in sea transportation such as through improved access to weather information. APIK improved the community resilience of fishing communities in small islands by installing climate and weather information (CWI) displays in the three villages of Haruku, Wassu, and Ameth in Lease Islands, Central Maluku District and another one in Durjela village, Aru Islands District. These displays provide a three-day weather forecast as well as storm warnings and are used on a daily basis by fisherfolk and boat drivers to determine whether it is safe to go to sea. During the windy and wet season, it is sometimes difficult for people in remote islands to access food as the boats don’t operate between islands on a regular basis. To help address this, APIK introduced permaculture vegetable production to the remote communities of Haruku and Ameth Village and encouraged people to be more self-reliant by growing food in their own backyards so that they can still access fresh vegetables even in stormy weather when it is not possible to access markets. These specific examples provide a snapshot of some of the varied resilience building activities in the diverse landscapes where APIK worked. As a result, 42,197 people, including 16,246 women are now more resilient to the climate impacts. The activities were implemented in partnership with local and national government to facilitate replication and scale up. The Indonesian Government has committed to continue supporting this work and so this collaborative effort will help Indonesia be more resilient to climate and weather uncertainties in