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Universitat Jaume I Máster Oficial En Nuevas Tendencias Y Procesos De Innovación En Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso Universitat Jaume I Máster Oficial en Nuevas Tendencias y Procesos de Innovación en Comunicación Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso Music and transmedia: Gorillaz as a case study Trabajo Final de Máster Itinerario 2 - Creatividad y producción audiovisual Modalidad 4 - Iniciación a la investigación Autor: Pablo Martí Prats Tutor: D. Esteban Galán Cubillo 2015/2016 Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso Palabras clave Narrativas transmedia, música, Gorillaz, prosumidores, contenido generado por el usuario (CGU), fandom Key words Transmedia storytelling, music, Gorillaz, prosumers, user generated content (UGC), fandom Resumen El descenso de las ventas del formato físico y la irrupción de los contenidos digitales a principios del siglo XXI derivó en numerosos cambios en términos de producción, distribución y consumo musical. Para tratar de satisfacer la demanda de nuevos contenidos por parte de un usuario prosumidor y participativo, en los últimos años la producción musical ha explorado nuevas posibilidades creativas de la música como lenguaje permeable a otras prácticas discursivas como el audiovisual, los medios interactivos y las nuevas tecnologías. La narración transmedia se revela como un modelo de creación de contenidos que aporta valor añadido a un producto que con el tiempo ha trascendido lo musical en forma y contenido. Este trabajo surge de la necesidad detectada de estudiar las posibles implicaciones del incipiente campo del transmedia en la música. La carencia de investigaciones previas sobre este fenómeno no se corresponde con la importancia que la música tiene hoy en día en la vida cotidiana de las personas como producto de consumo masivo. Con el objetivo de estudiar de qué manera el transmedia puede condicionar la producción y recepción de la música, se presenta un estudio de caso en el que analiza, desde un planteamiento exploratorio, el grupo musical Gorillaz como paradigma de la renovación de la oferta musical en un periodo de reconversión de la industria del disco. El corpus analítico de este trabajo se estructura siguiendo la progresión natural del desarrollo transmedia: conceptualización del universo narrativo, expansión del relato a través de los medios y plataformas, y recepción de la obra. Para llevar a cabo este análisis se han empleado las técnicas de investigación documental, basada en la observación de fuentes primarias y secundarias; e investigación cuantitativa, a partir de los datos recogidos de una muestra diseñada ad hoc para analizar los procesos de participación de la comunidad fandom de Gorillaz. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la consolidación de una línea de investigación en torno al uso del transmedia en la industria musical. La novedad del fenómeno —poco más de una década— y la escasez de trabajos teóricos lo convierten en un apasionante campo de estudio. Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso Abstract The decrease in sales of physical format and the irruption of digital content at the beginning of the twenty-first century resulted in numerous changes in terms of production, distribution and music consumption. To try to meet the demand for new content by a prosumer user actively involved, in recent years the musical production has explored new creative possibilities of music as permeable to other discursive practices such as audiovisual language, interactive media and new technologies. Transmedia storytelling is revealed as a model for creating content that adds value to a product that over time has transcended music in form and content. This work arises from the identified need to examine the possible implications of the emerging field of transmedia in music. The lack of previous research on this phenomenon does not correspond to the importance that music has today in the daily life as a product of mass consumption. With the aim of studying how transmedia can affect the production and reception of music, a case study analyzes, from an exploratory approach, the Gorillaz band as a paradigm of the renewal in the musical offer in a period of restructuring of the recording industry. The analytical corpus of this work is structured following the natural progression of transmedia development: conceptualization of the narrative universe, expansion of the story through the media and platforms, and reception of the work. With this purpose, it has been employed the techniques of documentary research, based on observation of primary and secondary sources; and quantitative research, on the basis of data collected from a sample designed ad hoc to analyze the participation processes of the Gorillaz fandom community. This work aims to contribute to the consolidation of a research on the use of transmedia in the music industry. The novelty of the phenomenon —little more than a decade— and shortage of theoretical work make it an exciting field of study. Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso Introducción ..................................................................................................... 1 Justificación e interés del tema .............................................................. 2 Objetivos y límites ................................................................................. 2 Marco teórico ......................................................................................... 2 Metodología y técnicas de investigación ................................................ 3 Estructura .............................................................................................. 4 Hipótesis ................................................................................................ 4 Síntesis conceptual: música y transmedia ........................................................ 6 Narrativa ................................................................................................ 9 Medios y plataformas ........................................................................... 12 Hibridaciones audiovisuales ...................................................... 12 Videoclips interactivos ............................................................... 13 Juegos y aplicaciones ............................................................... 14 Páginas webs hipermedia ......................................................... 16 Redes sociales .......................................................................... 16 Narrativas expandidas ............................................................... 17 ‘Branded content’ ...................................................................... 17 Participación del usuario ...................................................................... 18 Música, transmedia y negocio ............................................................. 19 Gorillaz como objeto de estudio ..................................................................... 22 Virtualidad ........................................................................................... 24 Multidisciplinariedad y proyecto colaborativo ....................................... 31 Reciclaje, intertextualidad y referencialidad ......................................... 32 Estudio de caso ............................................................................................. 35 Capítulo 1: narrativa ....................................................................................... 36 Música y transmedia: Gorillaz como estudio de caso 1.1. Introducción: universos transmediáticos ....................................... 37 1.2. Metodología y objeto de estudio ................................................... 37 1.3. Análisis ......................................................................................... 38 1.3.1. Personajes ...................................................................... 38 1.3.1.1. Murdoc ............................................................... 38 1.3.1.2. 2D ...................................................................... 39 1.3.1.3. Russel ................................................................ 39 1.3.1.4. Noodle ............................................................... 40 1.3.2. Historia y geografía ......................................................... 41 1.3.2.1. Formación del grupo (1990-1999) ...................... 41 1.3.2.2. Fase uno (2000-2003) ........................................ 41 1.3.2.3. Fase dos (2004-2007) ........................................ 45 1.3.2.4. Fase tres (2008-2013) ........................................ 50 1.3.2.5. Fase cuatro (2014-¿?) ....................................... 58 1.4. Conclusiones ................................................................................ 60 Capítulo 2: medios y plataformas ................................................................... 65 2.1. Introducción: narrativas transmedia y convergencia mediática ..... 66 2.2. Metodología y objeto de estudio ................................................... 67 2.3. Análisis ......................................................................................... 68 2.3.1. Material extra y valor añadido .......................................... 68 2.3.2. Discografía ...................................................................... 69 2.3.3. Videografía y filmografía .................................................. 72 2.3.4. Página web ..................................................................... 77 2.3.5. Otros medios y plataformas ............................................
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