GAC COMMUNISTS Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), a medium-range missile which has a ballistic trajectory Authors: Andrés Tejado Vasco & Nicole from 750 up to 1500 miles, in Turkey. Clesca Olivarria Nevertheless, Latin America has been Initial Statements: 60 seconds under Soviet pressure since the end of the war. Multiple communist movements are COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION trying to follow Cuba’s steps.

The communists vs Capitalists GAC is a On the other hand, the Central crisis cabinet that has intentions of Intelligence Agency (CIA), under the portraying and enacting the Cold War’s supervision of the United States 1960 till 1963. The chair strongly government, took illegal action by encourages that delegates stay in intruding into Latin America and character and stand firmly to the sabotaging relationships led by character’s set of values & ideology. War communist parties, all with the intent to threats and starting chaotic scenarios was prevent an event occurring that will a key part of the Cold War and events threaten their national security. that took place but it is strongly advised that delegates know their position and HISTORICAL CONTEXT acknowledge the “cold” aspect of the war

Even though GAC isn’t the most Relations between Latin America and the diplomatic of committees, the values of United States date back to 1823 and the the UN must be present and diplomacy Monroe Doctrine, a doctrine which must always be a possible solution. opposed the influence of European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere, that may be synthesized with the phrase TOPIC A: CIA INTRUSION IN LATIN “America for Americans”. Nonetheless, AMERICA the tension was created due to the betrayal of the Communists in both World INTRODUCTION Wars and then, Stalin’s intent to overrule Eastern Europe, which had a delicate Latin America has been a region of situation. military interest for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) since the There was a key circumstance which United States of America stationed further raised tension between the US fifteen Jupiter Intermediate-Range and USSR, which is the creation of NATO, as well as the response of the USSR to augmented the U.S’ intrusion in Latin create Kominform (an organization that America and the war on Communism, supports the exchange of information which the U.S has seemed keen about. between Communist parties), the Korean Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Cuba, War and the Hungarian Uprising. In Guatemala and Chile are the most addition, Chinese Communism played a affected countries by U.S influence. major role, as they were motivated to weaken America's position in such an area Through the use of economic relations, of prime security importance. allied individuals in power or just helping and/or financing coups against AMERICAN INFLUENCE AND INTRUSION: Communist leaders in power, the US kept a hold in the countries, but it is just a As tensions grew between the Soviet display of fear that Latin America would Union and the United States of America, be submerged in communist ideologies. the US decided to deem Latin America as This intrusion made by the United States a whole part of the Western bloc, also was both secretive and approved by denominated as “ free world''; this with certain capitalist-friendly countries like absolute disregard for Latin American the Republic of Colombia. These actions opinions or perspectives. Previous actions ranged from direct fundings against were taken by the US government, such communism, economic boosts, military as Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s (FDR) Good intervention, conspiracies, military and Neighbor Policy, in which the president secret agency personnel deployed all decided to make certain investments and across Latin America, as well as threats movements in Latin America. and bans imposed over Communist-friendly states. Nonetheless, this policy generated more discord than its original intention, showing how the actions taken by the U.S WHAT IS THE USSR? are only done for its own benefit and gaining profit, rather than for the The USSR otherwise known as the Union wellbeing of Latin America. US’ influence of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet over Latin America started over Union is a federal social state in Northern Eurasia, which has existed since 1922. It is fluctuations of power and evidence of Communism and beliefs in certain known to be a one-party state and governed by the Communist party countries. The evidence of these centered in Russia and around the capital Communist beliefs and plans for achieving ​ hegemony in the Western Hemisphere city, Moscow. The Soviet Union at its largest counted and was overall of 10,000 GUATEMALA: kilometers East to West. As for its creation, the USSR was first conceived in Guatemala locates itself around Central the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 led by America and has borders with Mexico, Vladimir Lenin when the working class through the North and West. It is an overthrew the provisional government example of how dedicated the Americans that succeeded the Russian empire or are in crippling Soviet relations with Latin what was known as the ‘Czars’. After this American countries and leaders through coup, the Russian Soviet Republic was the use of force, both physical and formed and subsequently the ‘Red Army’, psychological, as well as national and which began a civil war in which the Red right-wing media channels. Since 1954, Army was victorious. the U.S had already helped to hold a coup ​ d’état against the current president in Some of the significant leaders of the that time period, Jacobo Arbenz, which USSR are Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, believed in a representative democracy. Georgy Malenkov and have counted with Behind deposing Jacobo Arbenz, state figures like Nikita Khrushchev, which right-wing dictator Carlos Castillo Armas, played a crucial role in the Soviet advance was the first of a series of Authoritarian in the Cold War. The Soviet Union is right dictators with U.S support. This centered around a Socialist and shows once again that the presence of the Communist belief. This Communist belief U.S is purely out of self and national implies a social ideology in which all interest. property is owned by the community and each individual contributes and receives Subsequently, the CIA deployed in according to their ability and necessity. Guatemala and received a fund of 13.1 This idea contrasts with Capitalist belief, million American dollars in order to deal which induces a state or political system, with Fidel Castro. With this donation and whose country’s trade and industry are help from Cuban Counter Revolutionaries, controlled by private owners for personal the CIA proceeded to organize the profit. The USSR has extended its political operation, which was later to be deemed stand all around the globe and generated as “Bay of the Pigs”. Fidel Castro and the influences in places like Latin America in Cuban Revolutionary Forces repelled the an attempt to generate Communist invasion, resulting in the Cuban Missile manifestations in the Western Crisis. The intrusion, coup d’état and ​ Hemisphere. The presence of communism overall occupation of Guatemala by the is remarkable in countries like Chile, U.S show how their methods employ Guatemala and Cuba. secrecy, conspiracy and highlight what the

U.S and its intentions are. Communist party in Latin America, which was founded in 1927 in Moscow, Russia after the celebration of the 10th BRAZIL: anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. However, there was Communist influence even before the establishment of the As for Brazil, both Communist and Partido Comunista Venezolano (PCV), a Capitalist influences were delivered to the far-left party having Marxist-Leninist country, its citizens and its leaders. As for ideologies. In 1931, the PCV unified with the U.S, in the mid-50s, the American other parties which are part of the Embassy in Brazil started to distribute Anti-Imperialist League, an organization news under the United States Information established in 1898 with the purpose of combating the American annexation of Services (USIS). This news ranged from American culture and doctrine to the the Philippines as an insular area. “free world” against the “red menace”. This strengthened the relationship with Venezuela as far as the 1950s has been the anti-communist side of the Brazilian subject to heavy influence by the United press. Apart from the USIS, there was also States and also neighboring capitalist a dense CIA intrusion and presence in the states; as for influence, educational, State of Brazil, causing Communist ideals cultural, media-focused projects have all to be kept secret, as showing these ideals been applied to Venezuela by the United freely could in fact lead to forced States, with the objective of minimizing disappearances. Communist influence. The US sought to imbue Venezuelan politics and military to The Brazilian left showed considerable hold on and adopt anti-Communist resistance and anti-American behavior behavior and ideology. Later on, Marcos Pérez Jiménez regime began, Comité de which also led to the attempted ​ disruption of actions and cooperation by Organización Política Electoral Independiente (COPEI), PCV, Unión the U.S and the Brazilian right-wing, also ​ once again the Brazilian left claimed that Republicana Democrática (URD) and the Acción Democrática (AD) joined to create everything Americans did was not for ​ the Junta Patriótica in 1957, a clandestine granted. Americans centered themselves ​ ​ around the Capitalist-right leaders. group of political parties opposing the regime. In that same year, the Junta ​ Patriótica circulated its first manifesto, VENEZUELA: which stated the will to fight for respect

for the rights and freedom that were Venezuela has the second-largest established in the 1953 Venezuelan democratic life a few months after the fall Constitution. of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, took place with Pérez Jiménez announced to Congress his the Betancourt administration. The intentions to replace the presidential left-wing parties that were excluded from elections with a plebiscite, with the the Punto Fijo Pact began a left-wing ​ purpose of him leading the country for insurgency that was backed by the five more years. However, this measure Communist Party of Cuba and their leader was rejected due to the violation of the Fidel Castro. Constitution by denying the rights of Venezuelans to elect the president of the CUBA: country.

The opposition represented in the Junta After overthrowing Fulgencio Batista, the ​ Patriótica began to plan the removal of Communist revolutionary leader, Fidel Marcos Pérez Jiménez from power, Castro, came into office in 1959, Castro resulting in the calling of a general strike was a candidate for the Cuban people’s on December 12 in protest against the party (CPP) but before the elections took 1957 plebiscite, which was considered an place Batista’s U.S backed coup took electoral farce. The strike is postponed, place. This led Castro to settle on other but the Junta continues with rallies at ​ solutions to gain office and challenge this factory gates and in residential areas. At dictatorship. On July 26th 1953 he led 160 the beginning of 1958, the Junta ​ men in an attempt to raid a Santiago army Patriótica published another manifesto barracks, the attack failed to lead to which proposed the union of the citizens Castro and his brother Raul being arrested and the army to overthrow Pérez Jiménez. and later imprisoned after this event in Days later, the Junta called for a press and ​ 1955 Raul and Castro received amnesty general strike which was successful. A day and was released. What followed was later after the strike, Pérez Jiménez was Fidel going to Mexico to organize an overthrown and the Junta Patriotica ​ invading force mainly conformed of Cuban ceased its operations. exiles. Castro then landed in eastern Cuba in December the 2nd 1956 but was met After Pérez Jiménez was overthrown in with resistance and the 81 men except for 1958, the Puntofijismo, a term that ​ ​ a dozen including Ernesto Guevara (“Che originated from the Pacto de Puntofijo, a ​ ​ Guevara”) and the Castro brothers were governance agreement between the either captured or deceased, the survivors Venezuelan political parties AD, COPEI and later set a headquarters in the Sierra URD, signed in October 1958 for a Maestra in order to destabilize Batista's regime. the campaign later took the name heavy Capitalist influence in the country. of the 26th of July movement. after the This statement was the start of relations event in December the 2nd Cuba was between Cuba and the USSR. Fidel Castro, plunged into a state of civil war between a renowned Marxist-Leninist made quick Batista’s dictatorship and the Cuban relations with allies in the East, such as revolutionary forces, the conflict got to a Nikita Khrushchev, and overall, Cuba point where Batista on august the 1st became an ally to the USSR. This led the 1957 made the decision of suspending U.S to be wary about Cuba and its constitutional guarantees such as freedom happenings, experiencing a substantial of assembly and freedom of expression. rise in CIA presence in vicinities, spies that the revolution continued its sporadic were illegally deployed, and employment raids, overall disruption and unrest of spy planes to keep Cuba under generated an effect on the Cuban supervision. Castro counted with Soviet economy for its worst, as sugar mills & protection, as he knew this was necessary plantations were burned, there was a to survive against the U.S. The Soviets had hefty presence of rebel activity in mining a hold in the Western Hemisphere with areas and bombings in Havana affected Cuba as their main stakeholder. Castro the tourist trade. Castro later on decided and the Soviets made a trade deal, which to issue a great number of proclamations consisted of Cuban sugar in exchange for which ranged from general strikes to Soviet oil. The U.S after seeing this trade threats to political candidates. after the deal saw an opportunity and deemed this fraudulent elections that took place in trade as a betrayal. It also asked the U.S November, 3rd 1958 Batista’s support companies which were at the moment in met an all-time low and he was forced to Cuba to not refine Soviet oil. Cuba’s flee into Dominican republic leaving relationship with the U.S was critical and general Eulogio Cantillo who established a with a socialist government, this meant provisional government that was not to only but one thing, disarray & distrust in last long. Castro refused to deal with the the western hemisphere, especially Latin government and in January the 3rd “Che” America. Guevara led the first rebel column into Havana which met close to no opposition, it was after 5 days in January the 8th 1959 that Fidel Castro was appointed prime minister of Cuba. days after coming into ORIENTATION OF THE COMMITTEE: office Castro ensured to make clear that this revolution was Socialist, and would endure regardless of being under the The Communist side must work together and stop the infiltration of capitalists and (1959): their intentions to corrupt and cripple the https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum friendly relations the Communists have ent/cia-rdp80-01445r000100150001-1 established in Latin America. This intrusion is illegal and violates the The USSR and the Cuban Revolution sovereignty of friendly states and poses a (1960): threat to communist ideals. It’s deemed https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum as fit to take action against this intrusion ent/0000132449 and try to maintain the slavery that Capitalism is and just how its sole purpose Cuba (1960): is to exploit others for personality. Use https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docum creative and effective methods to stop the ent/cia-rdp79r00890a001100010010-3 US and protect our Communist brothers.

LINKS “Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The Marx, K and Engels, F. (1848, February). proletarians have nothing to lose but Manifesto of the Communist Party. ​ their chains. They have a world to https://delong.typepad.com/files/ma win.” nifesto.pdf

Britannica. (unknown). History of Latin ― Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto ​ ​ ​ America - Socialism, communism, fascim. ​ “Freedom in capitalist society always https://www.britannica.com/place/La remains about the same as it was in tin-America/Socialism-communism-fas ancient Greek republics: Freedom for cism slave owners.”

― Vladimir Lenin ​

SOURCES

Pattern of Communist World Organization