NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill Prayer for Peace

30years Through Leader’s Faces

Canada Philippines program

CE L AE NC AT Di 2020 CUPP AO celebrates 30 years in SN the HOUSE of COMMONS Return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM ПАРЛЯМЕНТАРНА ПРОГРАМА КАНАДА-УКРАЇНА PROGRAMME PARLIAMENTAIRE CANADA-UKRAINE CUPP 2019 Interns meet with the Prime Minister of Canada – Justin Trudeau, Liberal MPs and Ambassador of Ukraine to Canada – Andriy Shevchenko

about The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (CUPP) is an internship program for Ukrainian university CUPP students and active young graduates in the Canadian Parliament. In 1991, Toronto lawyer Ihor Bardyn established CUPP by agreement with John Fraser, Speaker of the House of Commons. For 29 years Mr. Bardyn has travelled annually to Ukraine to select students for the program. On their return to Ukraine, they become involved in civil society projects and organizations and have become politically active. The current Minister of Infrastructure of Ukraine Volodymyr Omelyan is a CUPP graduate. In 2018 the Ukrainian National Federation of Canada became a sponsor of the CUPP program. contact us 4 24 28 32

Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foundation

620 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2H4 tel: (416) 234-9111, Fax: (416) 234-9114

katedra.org cuppcanada

We are always open for cooperation with all CUPP interns! CUPP 2019 NEWSLETTER 46 ISSUE #2 contents 4 41 61 Ukrainian Day on Return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys Language Issue in Parliament Hill 2019 articles by Olena Khvostyk, Canada and Ukraine: by Victoria Chumenko Olha Boleyn, Olga Golovakina Why is French not Russian (CUPP 2020 applicants) archive article by Oleh Shemetov 9 28 46 72 Histoty interview with Hybrid Warfare: Articles about language Just 10 years David Kilgour complex challenge for by Artem Barabash Democracy and Mykhaylo Shelemba (CUPP 2020 applicants) article by Valentyna Kalich 10 32 50 74 Biographies interview with Canada’s 2019 General Archive articles CUPP 2019 Election Will Be about language Vasyl Extremely Exciting by Bohdan Vitvitsky Myroshnychenko article by Bogdan Puchkov and Andrei Zavialov 24 35 54 80 interview with Life of CUPP’19 Lessons Lerned Canada-Philippines Internship Program James Bezan PHOTOS CUPP 2019 article by Maksym Dzhyhun

41 50 80

PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON THIS ISSUE:

Natalia Lavrova, Victoria Chumenko, Pavlo Bryliak, Maksym Dzhyhun, Bohdan Puchkov, Ihor Bardyn Front cover design: Vasyl Veselyuk, Kyiv Back Cover design: Danyyl Ippolitov and Artem Barabash CUPP 2020 Applicants

Lay-out design: Vasyl Veselyuk, Kyiv CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CUPP 2019 interns at the celebration of Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill.

UKRAINIAN DAY ON PARLIAMENT HILL

The interns of the 2019 Canada-Ukraine were also honored to share their Vyshyvanka Parliamentary Program organized PRAYER FOR Day’s celebration with Prime Minister, Justin PEACE IN UKRAINE AND THROUGHOUT Trudeau, leader of the Conservative Party Andrew TTHE WORLD, as well as a PARLIAMENTARY Scheer, leader of the NDP party, Jagmeet Singh, RECEPTION, usually held in the Macdonald the Ambassador of Ukraine to Canada, Andriy Building but because of the extensive renovations Shevchenko, Members of Parliament, as well as on Parliament Hill, held in the Services Building of the members of the Canada Ukraine Parliamentary Parliament. This annual event organized by CUPP Friendship Group and members of the Ukrainian Interns since 2014 is known a UKRAINIAN DAY community (UCC and UNF). ON PARLIAMENT HILL and attracts a large number This year the special Guest of Ukrainian Day on of MPs & Senators. Parliament Hill was, Mustafa Dzhemilev, Member The same day a Vyshyvanka Day united Canadians of the Ukrainian Parliament, Commissioner of the parliamentarians, Senators, members of the President of Ukraine for the Affairs of Crimean Tatars, Embassies, Ukrainian community representatives and former Chairman of the Mejlis (assembly) of the and all the friends of Ukraine throughout the world Crimean Tatar People. Other notable guests were in wearing authentic embroidered Vyshyvanka Akhtem Chyihoz, Deputy of the Head of the Mejlis shirt. This year Interns of the Canada-Ukraine (Assembly) of the Crimean Tatar People, Nariman Parliamentary Program have joined this initiative to Ustaiev, advisor to Mr. Dzhemilev and Mr. Chyigoz celebrate and preserve Ukraine ancestral traditions former head of state service on Crimean affairs as and pay homage to its vibrant heritage. Interns well as Members of Parliament, Representatives of

4 UKRAINIAN DAY ON PARLIAMENT HILL 2019

The Crimean Tatar delegation headed by Mustafa Dzhemilev and Akhtem Chiygoz, Nariman Ustaiev, advisor to Mr. Dzhemilev, Borys Wrzesnewskyj and the representatives of Ukrainian Embassy to Canada at the celebration of Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill.

the Estonian, Croatian and Ukrainian Embassies, Church of Canada Reverend Elina Salonen, Catholic Canadian leader of the Crimean Tatar National Church Reverend James Scheer, Ukrainian Orthodox Movement and members of the Ukrainian Canadian Church of Canada Father Petro Tsenov. The Choir community and Media press. of the Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral of Ottawa The evening program was masterfully chaired by accompanied the prayer service. CUPP Interns Maryna Larina and Maksym Dvorovyi CUPP was established in 1991 by Toronto jurist Greetings were delivered by the members of the Ihor Bardyn, as an internship program for Ukrainian Canada Ukraine Parliamentary Friendship Group, university students in Canada’s Parliament. It MP Borys Wrzesnewskyj and MP Linda Duncan. is intended to give the Ukrainian students an Mustafa Dzhemilev delivered the keynote address opportunity which students from Canada, USA, to mark the 75 anniversary of the forced deportation France, Israel, the Philippines, Poland and others, to of Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Government. observe and understand the Westminster model of Additional remarks were delivered by Anatoliy government and hopefully prepare Ukraine’s future Shatkovskyy, the President of the UNF`s Ottawa- leaders in the art of the operation of a parliamentary Gatineau Branch, and Yuri Kushnir President of the democracy. CUPP Alumni Association and Dr. Antin Kushnir Over the span of 29 years, over 1000 young Director of the Anna Mazurenko Children’s Health Ukrainians have experienced a life-changing Centre in Lviv, a CUPP sponsored project. experience at the House of Commons and afterwards Earlier that day CUPP Interns Pavlo Bryliak and have moved on to become change-makers in Mykola Antoniuk organized inter-faith Prayer for Ukraine. Peace in Ukraine and Throughout the World at the Peacekeeping Monument, nearby to Parliament Hill. Representatives of Islam Imam Ali Masjid, Lutheran Victoria Chumenko, CUPP 2019 Coordinator and Intern to Borys J Wrzesnewskyj, MP for Etobicoke Centre, Ontario.

5 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CUPP 2019 interns and alumni Yuri and Antin Kushnir together with CUPP director – Ihor Bardyn at the 2019 Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill celebration, Ottawa.

CUPP interns greet Mustafa Dzhemilev and Akhtem Chiygoz at the annual celebration of Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill. from left to right: Anna Mysyshyn, Natalia Lavrova, Sofia Kuzminska, Khrystyna Myhasiuk, Pavlo Bryliak, Maksym Dzhyhyn, Bogdan Kolchenko, Mystafa Dzhemilev, Bohdan Puchkov, Valentyna Kalich, Maksym Dvorovyi, Yulia Holopoteliuk, Akhtem Chiygoz, Maryna Larina, Mykola Antoniuk.

6 UKRAINIAN DAY ON PARLIAMENT HILL 2019

Members of Canada-Ukraine Friendship Group, MP Borys Wrzesnewskyj and MP Linda Duncan attend the Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill

CUPP interns meet MP Wayne Stetski and good friends of the program at the Ukrainian Day on Parliament Hill.

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PHOTO FROM PRAYER FOR PEACE Prayer for Peace in Ukraine and throughout the world at the Peacekeeping monument, Ottawa. Among articipants: Reverend James Scheer (Deacon of the Saint Patrick Basilica in Ottawa), Reverend Elina Salonen (the pastor of St. Peter Lutheran Church in Ottawa), Imam Ali Masjid (Spiritual Leader of the Muslim community), Father Petro Tsenov (the priest of Ukrainian Orthodox Church), choir from Ukrainian Orthodox Church and CUPP director – Ihor Bardyn.

A delegation of Canadian MPs were in Ukraine on April 21st, to observe the second round of the 2019 Presidential Elections in Ukraine. Members of Parliament and CUPP Alumni met and had a fruitful exchange about the consequences of Ukraine’s elections, expanding avenues for cooperation between Canada and Ukraine, as well as the continuing involvement of Canada’s observation missions to the upcoming elections to Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) in October. Coincidentally, there will be an election to the House of Commons in October as well. CUPP alumni had a unique opportunity to meet the MPs in whose offices they completed their own internship in Ottawa going back to 1998.

8 NEWSLETTER ARCHIVES

History – just 10 years ago From CUPP 2009 Newsletter

On November 9, 25 Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Interns boarded an Air Canada flight for Kyiv. After a hectic two-month Internship in the House and the Senate, the 19th annual program is over.

he Interns met with high- were organized by the Sen. Prud’homme who made Tprofile public servants Interns. statements in the House Sheila Fraser, Mary Dawson, and Senate about CUPP. Have the Interns done some Maria Barrados, Speaker of Parliamentary staff was also travelling around Canada? the House of Commons Peter invited. Oh, yes. Apart from Ottawa, Milliken, Senators Greene, the group visited Montreal, Tkachuk, Andreychuk, and “Don’t go home empty- Quebec City, Niagara Falls, Prud’homme, MPs Brian handed. The souvenirs you Toronto and several others Masse, Jason Kenney, Joy acquired may eventually become visited Windsor, Vancouver Smith, Michael Ignatieff, dust collectors. But, but after and Winnipeg. Ed Komarnicki, James the CUPP internship, if you chart out a plan and set goals Bezan, Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Many of the meetings have presented a White Paper to been recorded in two of the for yourself and for Ukraine, you the Government on the Free three issues of the CUPP will have used your experience Trade Agreement between Newsletter. and time on Parliament Hill Canada and Ukraine, played wisely. And if you persevere, To top off the 2009 a friendly soccer match you will succeed”. Pan Bardyn program, CUPP Interns held with the MPs team the shared these parting words with a Reception at the Embassy COMMONERS and beat us at the farewell supper.” of Ukraine on November them. 4. The reception included Throughout the two As well, they attended presentations, Ukrainian month stay, the Interns numerous meetings with dances and songs (with Ihor witnessed Canadian Ottawa opinion-makers, Ostash, the Ambassador of Parliamentary Democracy participated in events such Ukraine to Canada, playing in action. “Ukraine has a as the Round Table on the guitar) and, of course, way to go to reach Canadian Human Trafficking on the Ukrainian appetizers like standards” say the Interns Hill and a literary evening “nalysnyky” and “varenyky.” emphatically. Meanwhile the to commemorate Ukrainian The guest list consisted CUPP 2010 Interns, waiting poet Bohdan-Ihor Antonych. mostly of Senators and MPs in the wings, proclaim, “See Both last mentioned events including Peter Goldring and you in September!”

9 CUPP BIOGRAPHIES 2019

Intern to Jim Eglinski Mykola ANTONIUK MP for Yellowhead, Alberta

BORN IN: Berdychiv, Ukraine.

HOMETOWN: Kyiv, Ukraine. Jim Eglinski is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada. He was re-elected in the Canadian federal EDUCATION: Taras Shevchenko National election, 2015 with over 70 percent of the vote. Prior to his University of Kyiv, Faculty of law, Master of laws. election, Eglinski worked for 40 years as a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer, and served as a councillor and 2019 Natalie Bundza Scholarship recipient. eventually mayor for the town of Fort St. John, British FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Columbia. He was born in Two Hills, Alberta and raised in English, Russian, Polish (basic). Chipman, Alberta on a farm. LAST BOOK READ: Fredrik Backman “Things My Son Needs to Know about the World”.

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Любов виникає з любові; коли хочу, щоб мене любили, я сам перший люблю.” - Григорій Сковорода

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes.” - Oscar Wilde

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Ed Sheeran “Photograph”; Paolo Nutini “Autumn leaves”.

FAVORITE LANDSCAPE: The Monastery of the Discalced Carmelites Order. I like it Discalced Carmelites who built underground church, cells, because this place looks really wonderful and has strong vaults and commercial outbuildings, extended the defensive energy. It is located in my hometown, Berdychiv, and I have walls strengthening them with towers. Later in honour of many warm feelings and memories related with this place. the opening of Monastery-fortress of the Order of Discalced The Monastery was founded in 17th century by a Polish Carmelites Yanush Tykevich presented thaumaturgic Icon Magnate Yanush Tyshkevich (the owner of the city at that of Blessed Virgin Mary. It led to a flourishing of both the time). Soon he presented it to the monks of the Order of monastery and the city of Berdychiv.

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Intern to Cheryl Gallant Pavlo BRYLIAK MP for Renfrew-Nipissing-Pembroke, Ontario

BORN IN: Lviv, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Lviv, Ukraine. Cheryl Gallant is a member of the Conservative Party EDUCATION: of Canada and was elected for the first time to Parliament Ukrainian Catholic University, Applied Sciences in 2000 in the riding of Renfrew-Nipissing-Pembroke and Faculty, IT & Business analytics. made history as the first woman elected to federal office in Renfrew Country. Cheryl Gallant graduated from the 2016 – 2017 Ukrainian Leadership Academy University of Western Ontario with a degree in chemistry. alumnus. Prior to becoming a politician, she worked for a major 2019 Dr. Taras Fecycz Scholarship recipient. Canadian life insurance company as a group insurance FOREIGN LANGUAGES: executive. She has served as the Chair of the City of English, German (basic), Russian. Pembroke Downtown Development Commission and as a LAST BOOK READ: member of the Economic Advisory Committee for the city. Adrian Slywotzky “David Wins”. Cheryl Gallant is a member of the Standing Committee FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: on National Defence and devotes a lot of time and effort “Збери всередині себе свої думки і в собі самому working in this area. шукай справжніх благ. Копай всередині себе криницю для тої води, яка зросить і свою оселю і сусідську.” - Григорій Сковорода FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Success is not final; failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.” – Winston Churchill FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Frank Sinatra “My Way”; Vance Joy “Like Gold,”; Andrea Bocelli “Dare to Live,”; Jamie Cullum “Thinkin Bout You”; The Beatles “Penny Lane, We Can Work It Out”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Montreal cityscape from the Mount Royal, Montreal is a breath-taking view to Montreal’s downtown from the small mountain from which Montreal takes its name.

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Intern to Borys J Wrzesnewskyj Victoria СHUMENKO MP for Etobicoke Centre, Ontario BORN IN: Donetsk, Ukraine. Borys Wrzesnewskyj is the Member of Parliament for HOMETOWN: Donetsk, Ukraine. the riding of Etobicoke Centre. Borys is a member of the EDUCATION: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Vasyl Stus Donetsk National University, History Development and the Subcommittee on Agenda and Faculty, Master’s degree in International Relations. Procedure of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs University of Oslo and International Development, and is the founder and current chair of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary ISS 2018, Nansen Scholarship Recipient, Peace Research Friendship Group. A third-generation Ukrainian-Canadian and Future 2019 John and Mary Yaremko Scholarship Bakery Limited, and M-C Dairy Limited business owner. recipient. Borys has lived in Etobicoke Centre for over two decades FOREIGN LANGUAGES: – proudly representing the riding in the Canadian House English, Italian (basic), Russian of Commons from 2004-2011 and is honoured to do so again. Borys received his Bachelor of Commerce from LAST BOOK READ: Roger McNamee “Zucked: Waking Up to the Trinity College, University of Toronto in 1983 and quickly Facebook Catastrophe”. gravitated towards humanitarian and pro-democracy work – helping organize and finance the People’s Movement FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: of Ukraine “Rukh” in the late 1980s, and in support of the “Є тисячі доріг, мільйони вузьких стежинок, referendum for the independence of Ukraine in 1991. While Є тисячі ланів, але один лиш мій.” - a Member of the House of Commons, Borys has been in Василь Симоненко charge of various portfolios including critic for Citizenship FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: and Immigration, Crown Corporations, Foreign Affairs, and “Experience is simply the name we give our Multiculturalism. In 2008, he was awarded the Order of mistakes.” - Oscar Wilde Prince Yaroslav the Wise by the Ukrainian President for his FAVOURITE BOOKS: distinguished services to the people of Ukraine. Ayn Rand “Atlas Shrugged”; Boris Vian “Froth on the Daydream”; Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky “Intermezzo”; Charles Dickens “A Tale of Two Cities”. FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: The Verve “Bitter Sweet Symphony”; Moderat “Eating Hooks”; Moby “The only thing”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Favourite Canadian landscape: Mont Royal in Montreal is an iconic lookout spot giving you an endless spectacular view over the city. Its proximity to the city area made this place a common place to anyone who comes there at any season - athletes, holidaymakers, locals, racoons or even drug dealers. You can explore the place by cruising by bike, throw a basket picnic or just stroll around and being mesmerized by the sunsets or gaze at the city`s night light once you get a peak of this. No two moments will be the same here.

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Intern to Robert-Falcon Quellette Maksym DVOROVYI MP for Winnipeg Centre, Manitoba

BORN IN: Rivne, Ukraine. Robert-Falcon is a member of the Liberal Party and HOMETOWN: Kyiv, Ukraine. was elected for the first time to Parliament in 2015 in the EDUCATION: riding of Winnipeg Centre, Robert-Falcon spent 19 years National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, with the Canadian Armed Forces, retiring from full-time Faculty of Law, Master of Laws service as Petty Officer 2nd class with the appointment of Sergeant at Arms in 5th Field Ambulance in Valcartier, 2019 Humeniuk Family Scholarship recipient. Quebec. He also has worked as a professional musician FOREIGN LANGUAGES: with La Fanfarniente della Strada Gypsy Band in English, Russian, French, Czech Quebec City. Robert-Falcon holds a PhD from Université Laval where he published his thesis. He also comes LAST BOOK READ: from the Red Pheasant First Nation in Saskatchewan. Timothy Snyder “The Road to Unfreedom”.

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Світ ловив мене, та не спіймав.” - Григорій Сковорода

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “The tragedy of modern man is not that he knows less and less about the meaning of his own life, but that it bothers him less and less.” – Winston Churchill

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: King Krule “Has This Hit?”, Mac DeMarco “Freaking Out The Neighbourhood”; Mount Kimbie “Made To Stray” FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Quartier du Petit Champlain, Quebec City is one of the oldest commercial districts in North America. Dating back to the 17th century, it currently houses numerous cafes and shops and carries with itself the old European spirit.

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Intern to Kevin Lamoureux Maksym DZHYHUN MP for Winnipeg North, Manitoba

BORN IN: Popilnia, Zhytomyr oblast, Ukraine. Kevin Lamoureux is one of the most active MPs in HOMETOWN: Irpin’, Ukraine. the parliament who was first elected to the House of Commons in 2010 and re-elected in 2015. That year EDUCATION: Justin Trudeau appointed him as Parliamentary Secretary Drahomanov National Pedagogical University of Kyiv, to the Government House Leader. In addition to Kevin`s Faculty of Political science and Law, Bachelor of Political current roles, he previously held the positions of Liberal Party Deputy House Leader and Liberal Party Critic of Science with honours. Immigration and Citizenship. Kevin Lamoureux attended 2019 James and Lousie Temerty Scholarship recipient. high school in both Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in 1982 signed up for service with the Air Command of the FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Canadian Forces where he served for three years. At home English, Russian, Polish. in Winnipeg North, Kevin meets with constituents every week at the local McDonald’s, as well as holding public LAST BOOK READ: meetings on important issues like public safety and youth Dominique Muazi “Geopolitics of emotions”. recreation.

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Життя людського строки стислі, Немає часу на поразку.” - Ліна Костенко

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Man can be destroyed but not defeated.” - Ernest Hemingway

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Coldplay “Yellow”; С.К.А.Й “Давай втечемо”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Mount Royal, Montreal is one of the most beautiful places I`ve been able to see in Canada. From the top of the mountain you can view an incredible landscape of the hole city, with its diverse architecture, numerous skyscrapers and stadiums. Mount Royal is especially magical in the evening, when you can observe the sunset and see the night life of the city.

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Intern to Rosemarie Falk Yuliia HOLOPOTELIUK MP for Battlefords-Lloydminster, Saskatchewan

BORN IN: Lviv, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Lviv, Ukraine. She serves as Deputy Shadow Minister for Families, Children and Social Development and Status of Women. EDUCATION: She is also a member the Standing Committee on Human Kyiv Institute of National University Odessa Law Resources, Skills and Social Development and Status of Academy. Persons with Disabilities. Rosemarie was elected to the House of Commons 2019 Surma Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient. in a federal by-election on December 11, 2017. Prior to FOREIGN LANGUAGES: this, Rosemarie worked as a registered Social Worker in Russian, English, German, French (pre-intermediate), Saskatchewan and has a Bachelor of Social Work from the Spanish (beginner). University of Calgary. She also has experience as a legal assistant specializing in family law and as a legislative LAST BOOK READ: assistant in federal politics. Yuval Noah Harari “Sapiens”. FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Людина нібито не літає, а крила має!” - Ліна Костенко; “Сміливі завжди мають щастя” - Іван Багряний FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “I never dreamed about success. I worked for it” - Estée Lauder.

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Okean Elzy “Everest”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Aurora at Yukon is truly one of the wonders of nature. North-Western territories of Canada are perfect places to witness the majesty of this truly amazing phenomenon.

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Intern to Hon. Wayne Easter Valentyna KALICH MP for Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. BORN IN: Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine. Hon. Wayne Ester is a former President of the EDUCATION: National Farmers Union, who was awarded the Governor Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, General’s Canada 125 Medal in 1992 for community Social Integration MA, 2017-2019; service. He has also received an honorary doctorate of Clark University, Massachusetts USA, Master of law degree from the University of Prince Edward Island Science in Professional Communication, 2015-2017; for his work and contribution to agriculture and social Central Ukrainian National Technical University, activism on the national and international level. Hon. Finance and Audit BA, 2013-2018; Wayne Easter entered politics in 1993 and since then The University of Social Sciences in Warsaw, has been re-elected 7 times. Currently Hon. Wayne English Philology BA, 2012-2015. Easter holds the position of a Chair of the Standing Governor-General Ramon Hnatyshyn 2019 CUPP Committee on Finance and Co-Chair of the Canada U.S. Scholarship recipient Inter-Parliamentary Association. FOREIGN LANGUAGES: English, Polish, German (beginner), Russian. LAST BOOK READ BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson “Why Nations Fail”. LAST BOOK READ BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: Vasyl Shkliar “Chornyi Voron”. FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Happiness is a Moment.” - Volodymyr Vynnychenko FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Be the Change you want to see in the World.” - Gandhi FAVOURITE BOOKS: Osyp Turianskyi “Beyond the Limits of Pain”; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”; Sir Walter Scott “The Talisman’’; Kenan Trebincevic and Susan Shapiro “Bosnia list”. FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Ray Charles “Georgia On My Mind”; Ben E King “Stand by me”; Nocturne op.9 No.1, No.2. by Fryderyk Chopin. FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Major`s Hill Park in Ottawa.

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Intern to Hon.MaryAnn Mihychuk Bohdan KOLCHENKO MP for Kildonan-St. Paul, Manitoba

BORN IN: Kyiv, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Kyiv, Ukraine. She is a Canadian politician from Manitoba. She EDUCATION: is a member of the Liberal Party. MaryAnna was Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 2015, Law Faculty, LL.B. with Hon, 2017; representing the riding of Kildonan-St. Paul for the Free University of Berlin, Liberal Party of Canada, and served as Minister of Master in European Studies. Political science; Employment, Workforce and Labour in the federal Scholar of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. Cabinet until the January 10, 2017, cabinet shuffle by Justin Trudeau. She was previously a cabinet minister 2019 Wasyl Kereliuk Scholarship recipient. in the government of Manitoba New Democratic FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Premier Gary Doer from 1999 to 2004. The Honourable Russian, German, English, French. MaryAnn Mihychuk received the degrees of Bachelor LAST BOOK READ: of Arts from the University of Winnipeg in 1979, and Virginia Woolf “Tin Zimmer für sich allein”. Master of Science from Brock University in 1984. She FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: is certified as a Practicing Professional Geoscientist “Чим кращі книги ти читав, тим гірше спиш” - and has worked as a geologist in Newfoundland and Сергій Жадан Labrador from 1984 to 1986 and in Manitoba from 1986 FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: to 1992. “Live, then, and be happy, beloved children of my heart, and never forget, that until the day God will deign to reveal the future to man, all human wisdom is contained in these two words, ‘Wait and Hope.” – Alexandre Dumas FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: SBTRKT “Go Bang”; Björk “Enjoy”; Hans Zimmer “Hammers”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Otter lake in Quebec – it is the place where you see the endless forests, the lake with a crystal-clear water and have time to unite with nature and get away from a fuss of a humankind.

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Intern to Shannon Stubbs Sofiia-Mariia KUZMINSKA MP for Lakeland, Alberta

BORN IN: Lviv, Ukraine. Shannon Stubbs was elected as the Member of HOMETOWN: Kyiv, Ukraine. Parliament for Lakeland in northeast Alberta on October 19, 2015, where she grew up and resides on a farm with EDUCATION: her husband Shayne. She is the Vice Chair of the Standing Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Committee for Natural Resources and was appointed as the Institute of International Relations, International Law Official Opposition Shadow Minister for Natural Resources by Department. Andrew Scheer on August 30, 2017. Shannon has a diverse professional background spanning 2019 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship the private, not for profit, political and public sectors, at both recipient. federal and provincial jurisdictions. FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Prior to being elected, Shannon was a Senior Consultant with Hill+Knowlton Canada where she advocated for English, Russian, Polish, German. clients across the health and pharmaceutical, oil and gas, LAST BOOK READ: not for profit and charity, and education sectors, and she Fredrik Backman “Geopolitics of emotions“. contributed to a successful initiative for the expansion of energy trades and technology education and apprenticeship FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: training with government and community relations at SAIT “Усі усіх не люблять – так завжди, Така уже настала в Polytechnic. нас епоха… Усі усіх не люблять – півбіди. Всі брешуть, що всіх люблять – катастрофа.” - Ліна Костенко

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars” - Ernest Hemingway

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Leonard Cohen “Hallelujah”; Nick Cave “O Children”. FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Le Plateau Mont Royal, Montreal. I found it astonishing that such a cozy and beautiful private houses and quiet and green streets could be situated in the center of a large city like Montreal. It is like little France in the New World.

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Intern to Wayne Stetski Maryna LARINA MP for Kootenay—Columbia

BORN IN: Oleksandriia, Kirovohradska obl, Ukraine. Wayne Stetski is a member of the New Democratic CURRENTLY BASED IN: Berlin, Germany. Party (NDP), who was elected in the Canadian federal EDUCATION: election, 2015 to represent the riding of Kootenay — Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Columbia in the 42nd Canadian Parliament. In June 2016 Institute of International Relations, Bachelor Hon. he introduced a private member bill (Bill C-281) that would International Law, 2017; make the Friday before Thanksgiving Day be known as Free University of Berlin, “National Local Food Day“. From 2011 to 2014, he served MA PoliticalScience. as mayor of Cranbrook, British Columbia. Future Leaders Exchange (FLEX) alumna, Maryland, USA, 2012-2013 2019 Malanchuk Family Scholarship recipient.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Russian, German, English, Polish.

LAST BOOK READ: Pierre Bourdieu “Die männliche Herrschaft”.

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Хай живе неоднаковість, слава відмінностям!” - Павло Загребельний

FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter” - Martin Luther King Jr

FAVOURITE MUSIC: Foals, Moderat, Bonobo etc

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Yoho Na- tional. Park in British Columbia that is home to some of British Columbia’s most rugged and scenic mountain terrain.

19 CUPP BIOGRAPHIES 2019

Intern to James Maloney Natalia LAVROVA MP for Etobicoke—Lakeshore, Ontario. BORN IN: Odesa, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Odesa, Ukraine. He was originally a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons in the 2015 election getting 53.8 EDUCATION: percent of support. James is currently the Chair of the Mechnikov Natonal University of Odesa, House of Commons Natural Resources Committee and sits BA and MA in Political Science; on the Liaison Committee which works on administrative Universität Osnabrück, MA Democratic Governance matters of committees. He is Co-Chair of the Toronto and Civil Society; Caucus and is a member of the Auto Caucus. He is an active member of various law related organizations, including the 2017 nominated on scholarship DAAD Helmut- Advocates’ Society, The Medical Legal Society and is the Schmidt-Programme, Master or Public Policy and Past President of The Lawyers Club. Good Governance. 2019 Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Russian, English, German.

LAST BOOK READ: Kwame Anthony Appiah “The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity”. FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Ми мусимо навчитися чути себе українцями – не галицькими, не буковинськими українцями, а українцями без офіційних кордонів” - Іван Франко FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Forget about having an identity crisis and get some identity capital. … Do something that adds value to who you are. Do something that’s an investment in who you might want to be next.” - Meg Jay

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Nils Frahm – “You”; Bonobo – “Kerala”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Municipalité d’Otter Lake is the place where CUPP interns usually spend some time outside the city with Lubomyr Chabursky and Lesya Granger.

20 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Intern to Arif Virani Khrystyna MYHASIUK MP for Parkdale — High Park, Ontario

BORN IN: Sokal, Lviv region, Ukraine After a rewarding fourteen-year legal career advocating HOMETOWN: Sokal, Lviv region, Ukraine. for human rights and access to justice as a constitutional EDUCATION: litigator, former Ugandan Asian refugee Arif Virani, is Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, now proud to serve the community and country he calls Faculty of International Relations (Area Studies); home, as the Member of Parliament for ParkdaleHigh University of Turku, Faculty of Social Sciences, Park. Arif served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Department of Contemporary History (Erasmus+ Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship from Scholarship recipient). November 2015 to January 2017. From January 2017 to August 2018, Arif oversaw the Multiculturalism portfolio 2019 Senator Paul Yuzyk Scholarship recipient. as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Canadian FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Heritage. In August 2018, he was appointed as the English, Russian, Swedish, German (basic). Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Justice and LAST BOOK READ: Attorney General of Canada, and in January 2019 he also Joseph E. Aoun “Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the became the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Age of Artificial Intelligence”. Democratic Institutions. He has worked as an Analyst with the Canadian Human Rights Commission in Ottawa; an FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: Investigator at la Commission des droits de la personne “I started my life with a single absolute: that the world et droits de la jeunesse in Montreal; and as an Assistant was mine to shape in the image of my highest values Trial Attorney prosecuting genocide at the United Nation’s and never to be given up to a lesser standard, no International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Arif is a founder matter how long or hard the struggle.” - Ayn Rand of Toronto’s legal aid clinic SALCO, the recipient of the FAVOURITE BOOKS: prestigious 2001 Harold G. Fox Scholarship and the 2008 Samantha Power “Chasing the Flame: One Man`s Wilson-Prichard Award in recognition of his contributions Fight to Save the World”; to the legal profession and his community. Philippe Sands “East West Street”. FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros “Home”

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Yoho National Park. Named for a Cree expression of awe and wonder, Yoho lies on the western slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Vertical rock walls, waterfalls and dizzying peaks draw visitors from around the world. With exceptional hiking and sightseeing, the park offers a unique glimpse of Canada’s natural wonders, from the secrets of ancient ocean life to the power of ice and water.

21 CUPP BIOGRAPHIES 2019

Intern to Linda Duncan Anna MYSYSHYN MP for Edmonton-Strathcona BORN IN: Drohobych, Ukraine. Linda Duncan was elected Member of Parliament for HOMETOWN: Lviv, Ukraine. Edmonton-Strathcona in October of 2008, becoming the EDUCATION: second New Democrat MP ever from the province of Alberta, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, and the only non-Conservative to represent the province in the 40th Parliament. She was re-elected with an increased Faculty of Law (Doctor of Philosophy; studying period majority in 2011. Prior to her election, Linda worked as a 2017 - present); senior legal advisor on effective environmental regulation and enforcement in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Jamaica. Tartu University, Estonia, School of Law. She founded and ran Alberta’s public interest Environmental 2019 Justice John Sopinka Scholarship recipient. Law Center; served as Chief of Enforcement for Environment Canada; as Assistant Deputy Minister for Yukon Renewable FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Resources; and, Head of Law and Enforcement for the North English, Swedish, Polish, Russian. American Commission for Environmental Cooperation. She taught environmental law at Dalhousie Law School (now LAST BOOK READ: Schulich Law School) and served as Co-Coordinator of their Elon Musk “Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for Marine Environmental Law Program. a Fantastic Future”. Linda, holds Arts and Law degrees (University of Alberta) and an LLM (Schulich School of Law), and has been widely FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: published in area of environmental and resources law “Сміливі завжди мають щастя.” - Іван Багряний and policy. She has been the recipient of various awards and tributes, including the 1998 Award of Merit from the FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the 2004 Emerald “When you want to succeed as bad as you want to Environment Award, and has received additional tributes from breathe, then you’ll be successful.” - Eric Thomas; the governments of Canada, Indonesia and the Netherlands. Linda has long advocated for evidence-based decision “Happiness is not by chance, but by choice.” - Jim Rohn; making and citizen rights in environmental decisions, four “The secret of getting ahead is getting started.” - Sally times tabling a Canadian Environmental Bill of Rights. Berger.

FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: Ludovico Einaudi “Primavera”.

FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Mount Royal Park, Montreal City is a large volcanic-related hill or small mountain in the city of Montreal. Mount Royal is the deep extension of a vastly eroded ancient volcanic. complex, which was probably active about 125 million years ago. complex, which was probably active about 125 million years ago.

22 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Intern to James Bezan Bogdan PUCHKOV MP for Selkirk-Interlake-Eastman, Manitoba BORN IN: Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine. HOMETOWN: Vilnius, Lithuania. James Bezan has been elected five times as a EDUCATION: Conservative Member of Parliament since 2004. Over Vilnius University, Master of Political Science in the course of his career as an MP, James has chaired the Eastern European & Russian Studies; House of Commons Standing Committees for Agriculture London Metropolitan University, Bachelor of Arts in and Agri-Food (2006-2008), Environment (2008-2011), Economics & International Businesss. and National Defence (2011-2013). In 2013-2015, James 2019 Michael Starr Scholarship recipient. served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of FOREIGN LANGUAGES: National Defence. Currently, Mr. Bezan is a member of the German, Lithuanian, Norwegian. Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet as the Conservative LAST BOOK READ: Shadow Minister for National Defence and the Vice-Chair Michael Reagan “The New Reagan Revolution”. of the Standing Committee on National Defence. FAVOURITE QUOTE BY UKRAINIAN AUTHOR: “Не смерть страшна, не довгий час неволі, – не важко буть героєм проти них; а страшно жить, запрягшись мимоволі в ярмо дурниць та клопотів дрібних” - Павло Грабовський FAVOURITE QUOTE BY FOREIGN AUTHOR: “Life does not ask us what we want. It presents us with options.”- Thomas Sowel FAVOURITE MUSICAL RECORDING: John Frusciante “Inside of Emptiness”; R.E.M. “New Adventures in Hi-Fi”. FAVOURITE CANADIAN LANDSCAPE: Fort Henry National Historic Site, which is located in Kingston, Ontario. It is an elevated point near the mouth of the Cararaqui River where it flows into the St. Lawrence River at the east end of Lake Ontario. It was named after Henry Hamilton, former Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec. The original fort was constructed during the War of 1812 to protect the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard from a possible American attack on the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario. The site temporarily held prisoners of the 1837-1838 Rebellions. A few thousand of Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilians were also held at the fort in the early 20th century.

23 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

interview with JAMES BEZAN

James Bezan was first elected to represent the riding of Selkirk-Interlake in the 2004 federal election. He was re-elected again in the 2008, 2011 and 2015 federal elections, with his most recent victory in the newly created riding of Selkirk- Interlake-Eastman. Over the course of his long parliamentary career Mr. Bezan has chaired the House of Commons Standing Committees for Agriculture and Agri- Food (2006-2008), Environment (2008-2011) and National Defence (2011-2013).

He is currently a member of the Official Opposition in the nd42 Parliament of Canada and the Shadow Minister for National Defence.

Mr. Bezan, good afternoon and thank you for epidemic of BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy taking the time to talk to us today. It is a pleasure or “Mad Cow Disease” – B.P.) in 2003. That was Mto meet you. Let me start by asking you this – probably what forced me to run for office. I understand that you come from a farming background. How did you end up in politics? How did you first hear about the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program and how has your Yes, correct. Before coming into federal politics experience with the interns been so far? I did what we call “cowboy politics” for several years. I was the President of the Manitoba Cattle Producers’ Because of my Ukrainian heritage, I did not hesitate Association. My dad had been the director of that to accept a Ukrainian intern through the program organization when he was younger, and he was also pretty soon after I got elected in 2004. The program involved in municipal politics in Manitoba. I would reached out to me with such a request, and the say my family has always been politically active. Whip’s Office recommended me to participate in it. I decided to run for Parliament when we had an I believe my first Ukrainian intern came here in 2005.

24 INTERVIEW WITH JAMES BEZAN 2019

25 CUPP INTERVIEW WITH JAMES BEZAN

Her name was Krystyna Savchuk. She has actually recently on the Eastern flank of the alliance – in Latvia. been back to Canada a few times, and I have visited However, recognizing that it is collective defence, we her and her family in Chernivtsi. So when you get need to increase our defence spending. We need to get here, you will be my 15th intern through CUPP. it up to the 2% of GDP threshold, which we haven’t been able to reach in decades like Germany and some What kind of responsibilities are interns usually other nations. So in order to be an effective member of given in your office? the alliance, we need to find resources to provide our The area of your responsibilities will depend on your Armed Forces with better weapons and equipment. level of English. If your written English is good, I will get you involved in various aspects of policy Would you call it one of the priorities for the development. You will be coming to committee Conservative government? meetings – as you might know, I am the Vice-Chair of As the Leader of the Conservative Party Andrew the Standing Committee on National Defence. There Scheer has stated, our first priority would be to get will be plenty of things for you to work on here – both back to a balanced budget, which has not happened with my communications assistant and my policy in this country in years. Once we balance what we assistant. We also do a lot of work on Ukraine - so you spend with what we make, we can start looking for will be the lead on that issue. opportunities to increase our defence capabilities.

As we are speaking on the 70th anniversary of How do you see the chances of the Conservative NATO, I wanted to ask you how you see the Party to win the general election in October? modern challenges to security in the world and As of right now, we are leading in the polls and the ways in which Canada could contribute to a there is a pretty good chance that we will form safer world? a majority government. I have been campaigning Of course. In fact, the Conservative Party of Canada and door-knocking – in five provinces and eight th just put out an official statement on NATO’s 70 electoral districts in the last week – and I get anniversary. Canada is one of the founding members the impression that Canadians are following the of the alliance since 1949, and over the years our SNC-Lavalin scandal and are very suspicious country has been standing shoulder to shoulder with about Prime Minister Trudeau’s role in it. Most our allies around the globe in opposition to tyranny Canadians are tired of the four years of the Liberal and violence. The Conservative Party realizes that government and they want change. Russia, as well as some other bad actors on the world stage no longer recognize the existing international Thank you so much Mr. Bezan. I look forward law and try to redraw state borders via the use of force. to meeting you in a couple of weeks. Canada and NATO as a whole has done tremendous Interview conducted by Bogdan Puchkov work under Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, most CUPP 2019 Intern to James Bezan, MP for Selkirk-Interlake-Eastman

26 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Shadow Minister for National Defence James Bezan, Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada Andrew Scheer, intern to James Bezan Bogdan Puchkov in the Opposition Lobby of the House of Commons.

James Bezan and his staff from left to right: Communications Assistant Megan Lane, interns Jennifer and Bogdan, James Bezan, Policy Assistant Laura Koch, Executive Assistant Dana Seymour.

27 CUPP INTERVIEW WITH DAVID KILGOUR NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

interview with DAVID KILGOUR

Born in Winnipeg, David Kilgour served as a Member of Parliament for Edmonton Southeast for a total of 27 years. First elected as a Progressive Conservative in 1979, he was re-elected as a Liberal in 1990. He left the Liberal Party in 2005 and sat as an Independent until the end of his tenure in 2006. Kilgour has written a number of books, and continues working as a human rights activist and a Senior Fellow at the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights. David Kilgour had CUPP interns working in his office in 1993, 2000, 2004 and 2005.

Mr. Kilgour, thank you so much for taking the sacrifice we gave during World War I and World War II. time to talk to us today. First, I wanted to start So I came into politics with a view that Canada shouldn’t with some general questions about your career in be governed to the benefit of those living in Ottawa, Mpolitics, and then move on to those that are more Toronto and Montreal. We still have those problems specific to our program. Could you please tell us today, but I did what I could in order to address them how you got into politics in the first place and over the course of my political career. I had a little what shaped your ideology? family connection to politics, too. As a matter of fact, I would say the person who got me really interested my grandfather’s brother painted the portrait of Prime in politics and history was my history teacher in high Minister Laurier, which you must have seen by now in school. Although he was from the Prairies himself, he the House of Commons. His name was John Russell, did not play favorites and taught us to think of our large and he painted that in 1917 – during World War I. My country as a whole. He got me interested, so I started sister married a politician – John N. Turner, who ended reading more about our country and the tremendous up serving as Prime Minister for three months before

29 CUPP INTERVIEW WITH DAVID KILGOUR

David Kilgour, Former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia and the Pacific, speaking on international activism to end Myanmar Genocide of Rohingyas, The Berlin Conference on Myanmar Genocide, The Jewish Museum of Berlin, 26 Feb 2018

he got defeated by Brian Mulroney. Once I got into tell us more about that and how Ukrainians have politics, I realized what a great opportunity it is to contributed to the building of the Canadian nation. help people. Absolutely. As you know, many Ukrainians began coming to Canada around 1890s. Most of them You ran as a Conservative a number of times, but were farmers so they chose to settle in the Prairies. then you joined the Liberal Party. What caused Growing up in Manitoba, I knew tons of people this change in your political affiliation? whose parents or grandparents had come to Canada Indeed, I started out as a Conservative and ran from Ukraine, Poland or other coun=tries in Eastern four times as a Conservative candidate. Actually, Europe. So Winnipeg has always been very diverse and I ran five times as a Conservative. In 1968 I ran multicultural. Toronto has become like that now, but as a Conservative in Vancouver, but fell victim to back then it was a lot more British than anything else. Trudeaumania that swept the country that year. One of my parents was a conservative, the other How did you first hear about CUPP interns coming was a liberal, while my grandparents were both to experience parliamentary affairs in Ottawa? liberals. At university, most of my friends tended As I said, I always had a close connection with to be conservative. In 1990, Prime Minister Ukrainians in Winnipeg and Edmonton. If you go Mulroney expelled me from the Conservative to Edmonton, around 20-25% of the city has roots Party for not supporting the Goods and Services in Ukraine. So I can’t remember how I heard about Tax. After that, I ran and got elected as a Liberal the program itself, but I got a Ukrainian intern pretty candidate and sat as a Liberal MP until the 2006 soon after the program started (1993 – B.P.). I had sponsorship scandal. a few more in later years as well. I always thought this was a great program, a tremendous opportunity Your home province, Manitoba, is known for its for Ukrainian students to learn democratic practices large population of ethnic Ukrainians. Please first-hand and, on the other hand, for so many

30 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

David Kilgour, Former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia and the Pacific, speaking on international activism to end Myanmar Genocide of Rohingyas, The Berlin Conference on Myanmar Genocide, The Jewish Museum of Berlin, 26 Feb 2018 David Kilgour receives an orange scarf from Yuri Kushnir, 2005

Canadians to meet people from their ancestors’ home country. I think CUPP is a great way to provide the Ukrainian government with new leaders who can build their nation.

What was your most memorable CUPP moment? Do you keep in touch with any of your former interns? Without a doubt, that was the 2004 general election. Arsen and Andriy (Arsen Dzhumadilov and Andriy Maksymovych – B.P.) helped me tremendously during that campaign. The three of us spent nearly two months knocking on every door from dawn till dust. I ended up winning by just 124 votes. However, I understood how hard it would be for me to get re- elected as a Liberal in Alberta in the 2006 election, so I decided not to run. I am still in close touch with Arsen, we exchange e-mails and articles about things that go on in Ukraine and Canada every month or so. Another former intern of mine, Maryna has now emigrated to Canada with her Ukrainian husband. They settled in Ottawa, so we get to see each other quite often.

Interview conducted by Bogdan Puchkov CUPP 2019 Intern to James Bezan, MP for Selkirk-Interlake-Eastman

31 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

interview with VASYL MYROSHNYCHENKO

32 INTERVIEW WITH VASYL MYROSHNYCHENKO 2019

What year did you participate in the CUPP, and the Canadian society, unlike the United States is who was your MP? based on emphasizing the ethnic origin of man. And if in the USA there is a certain mix and omission WI arrived in Canada to participate in CUPP in 2001. of the facts of people origin, in Canada - this fact I served in the office of MP Den Mcteague, Pickering remains and it is very important. – Ajax - Uxbridge. As I remember, that year 21 participants arrived in Ottawa from Ukraine. Perhaps this is all because of the historical features What were your first impressions about Canada of the country which was founded by the Anglo- and their political system? Saxon and the French and on the basis of Canada I was very impressed by the openness of all their public has already been laid multi-ethnic character. And it authorities. During the internship, we had access to has also affected other groups of national minorities many of the processes we have seen in Parliament, but who keep their identity even when they acquire new at the same time we had a unique opportunity to meet Canadian traits. In America, this identity disappears with a large number of different officials and ministers. in a few several generations. I remember clearly that during the time of the program we had a chance to meet with the Minister of Foreign Has this program somehow influenced Affairs of Canada three times in various circumstances! your professional development, or was it a Or, for example, we met with the Prime Minister of predominantly cultural experience? Canada, Jean Chretien. And such meetings seemed First of all, CUPP is a professional internship to me something incredible. This kind of openness in during which we had an opportunity to research their political system was very impressive. I knew a lot topics that actually impacted afterward our further about the US political system, which is rather closed. professional development. From another hand, we But in Canada everything is different, and I was learned a lot about Canada, held various meetings, pleasantly surprised by it. The parliamentary model of shaped and expanded our worldviews. The network government is also indicative. Because every minister, of contacts I have acquired in Canada is particularly besides performing his government functions, also useful for my professional activity nowadays. has a parliamentary mandate. And each of them has Many participants of the CUPP 2001 became my his or her constituency with which he or she needs closest friends, I keep in touch with them, and it to work. is important for me. This program also has played Another feature of Canada, which surprised me is an essential role in my further studying. Few the multiethnicity of this country. Construction of years after the CUPP internship, I`ve got a Britain

33 CUPP INTERVIEW WITH VASYL MYROSHNYCHENKO

government scholarship Chevening and obtained our internship in Ottawa we were very fond of a master`s degree in London School of Economics communicating with Canadian Ukrainians! And and Political Science. Experience gained in the they even invited us to their home and lavished us Canadian Parliament was a confirmation of my with borsch. previous achievements and has become an excellent Among the deputies of Ukrainian descent, I opportunity for further professional development. remember Borys Wrzesnewskyj, who has been an active participant in Canadian political life for Is there any connection between the graduates many years. I also recall Ms. Raynell Andreychuk, of the program in Ukraine? who was a Senator in 2001. She worked with us Of course! Many graduates of CUPP work are very actively, held working meetings, and took care currently working in the state authorities or have of the program participants. Another deputy with their own business, another part of us work in whom we had good connection was Walt Lastewka the Parliament or the non-governmental sector. – a former Canadian politician. The CUPP Graduate Association is a very diverse network of active people whom I can safely call What features of Canadian politics, in your the agents of change, and they are united by their opinion would be appropriate to borrow and previous internship experience in Canada. Most of implement in Ukraine? these people have received high-quality western Canada is a representative country of the Western education, and CUPP has played an important role world with common rules, values, and rule of law. in it. During the program, Mr. Bardyn tells all the It is an open, transparent society built on respect participants about the importance of the constant for human rights and freedoms. And the observance self-development, the necessity to move on and of such values and norms I would like to see more to look for the opportunity to study in different in Ukraine. To some extent, I would like to borrow countries and to use all the gained experience and from the Canadians political responsibility, which knowledge in Ukraine. we really lack. Any scandal or grounded allegations against politicians in Canada leads to the recognition As it is known, there are many ethnic Ukrainians of their mistakes or guilt and often ends with the among Canadian parliamentarians. Did you resignation of an official. From my point of view, manage to communicate with them during the this is a very important feature of the political program, and did you have any connections with system of the country and I would like to observe the Ukrainian diaspora? such a system in our country. We had very good communication with Ukrainians in Canada as the Ukrainian diaspora there is Interview conducted by Maksym Dzhyhun, one of the most influential in the world. During CUPP 2019 Intern to Kevin Lamoureux, MP for Winnipeg North, Monitoba

34 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

CUPP 2019 inters during their tour to one of Canada’s most successful CUPP 2019 interns during their first visit to Lubomyr Chabursky and his family, Ottawa. tech companies - Shopify, together with Galyna Kaplan - CUPP 2016 intern and now a Shopify employee, Ottawa.

EASTER at Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral Assumption Of The Blessed Virgin, Ottawa. from left to right: Anna Mysyshyn, Victoria Chumenko, Maksym Dzhyhyn, Andriy Shevchenko, Mykola Antoniuk, Bohdan Puchkov, Pavlo Bryliak, Sofia Kuzminska, Khrystyna Myhasiuk, Yulia Holopoteliuk. 35 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CUPP 2019 interns meet The Honourable Geoff Regan – Speaker of the House of Commons and seven times elected MP for Halifax West, West Block, Ottawa.

CUPP 2019 interns meeting with the team of Ukrainian Embassy to Canada headed by Ambassador Andriy Shevchenko, Ottawa. from left to right: First row: Pavlo Bryliak, Lubomyr Chabursky, Lesya Granger, Khrystyna Myhasiuk, Sofia Kuzminska, Anna Mysyshyn, Yulia Holopoteliuk, Natalia Lavrova. Second row: Maksym Dvorovyi, Mykola Antoniuk, Victoria Chumenko, Valentyna Kalich, Galyna Kaplan. Third row: Maryna Larina, Bogdan Kolchenko, Maksym Dzhyhyn, Bohdan Puchkov. 36 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Interns meet Renata Roman – President of the Ukrainian National Federation of Canada, Ottawa. from left to right: Sofia Kuzminska, Anna Mysyshyn, Maryna Larina, Yulia Holopoteliuk, Natalia Lavrova, Renata Roman, Maksym Dzhyhyn, Maksym Dvorovyi, Pavlo Bryliak, Mykola Antoniuk, Bogdan Kolchenko.

NDP leader - Jagmeet Singh greets CUPP 2019 interns at his office, Parliament hill, Ottawa. from left to right: Anna Mysyshyn, Linda Duncan, Victoria Chumenko, Sofia Kuzminska, Mykola Antoniuk, Pavlo Bryliak, Khrystyna Myhasiuk, Natalia Lavrova, Jagmeet Singh, Yulia Holopoteliuk, Bohdan Puchkov, Valentyna Kalich, Maksym Dvorovyi, Maryna Larina, Bogdan Kolchenko, Maksym Dzhyhyn. 37 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

2019 Vyshyvanka Day on the Parliament Hill celebration together with Canadian MPs, their assistants, representatives of the Ukrainian Embassy to Canada and their families, Ottawa.

38 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

CUPP 2019 interns and the representatives of Ukrainian Embassy to Canada after the soulful conversation with Borys Wrzesnewskyj – the head of Canada-Ukraine Friendship Group and a true friend of Ukraine, Ottawa.

CUPP 2019 interns during their West Block tour, guided by Wayne Easter, Ottawa. from left to right: Anna Mysyshyn, Victoria Chumenko, Maksym Dzhyhyn, Andriy Shevchenko, Mykola Antoniuk, Bohdan Puchkov, Pavlo Bryliak, Sofia Kuzminska, Khrystyna Myhasiuk, Yulia Holopoteliuk.

39 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CUPP 2019 soccer match with MPs team - the ‘Commoners’. MPs who took part: Arif Virani, Adam Vaughan, Nick Whalen, Ali Ehsassi, Robert-Falcon Ouellette, Marco Mendicino, Julie Dabrusin, Pierre-Luc Dusseault, Alexandre Boulerice.

40 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Ambassador of Ukraine to Canada Andriy Shevchenko, CUPP 2019 CUPP 2019 interns meet Raynell Andreychuk – Senator with Ukrainian roots from Intern Bogdan Puchkov, violinist Vasyl Popadiuk, Opposition Leader’s Saskatchewan, Vice-Chair of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Friendship Group Office staffer Anton Sestritsyn at the Eastern Partnership reception. and a long-standing supporter of Ukraine.

CUPP 2019 interns with James Maloney – MP for Etobicoke-Lakeshore, ON and Chair of Standing Committee on Natural Resources.

41 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CUPP 2019 interns meet James Bezan – Vice-Chair of Standing Committee of National Defense and a great friend of Ukraine, Ottawa.

CUPP interns meet The Honourable Andrew Scheer – Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, Parliament Hill, Ottawa.

42 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

примітка

Рішення Кабінету Міністрів України щодо українського правопису було прийнято 22 травня 2019 року і набуло чинности 3 червня 2019 року.

Було б доцільно, щоб випускники, стажери та абітурієнти Парляментарної програми «Канада-Україна» припинили використання російської колоніяльної мови, введеної Йосипом Сталіним у 1930-х роках, і прийняли Український правопис.

Зверніть, відповідно, увагу на правильну назву програми ППКУ українською мовою. Нижче наводиться уривок із 286-сторінкового документа під назвою:

УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ПРАВОПИС

СХВАЛЕНО.Президіі Національноі академіі ЗАТВЕРДЖЕНО. наук Украіни (протокол No 22/10 від 24 Украінською національною жовтня 2018 р.) комісією з питань правопису і Колегіі Міністерства освіти і науки Украіни (протокол No 5 від 22 жовтня (протокол No 10/4-13 від 24 жовтня 2018 р.) 2018 р.)

2019 “Сучасна редакція Українського правопису повертає до життя деякі особливості правопису 1928 р., які є частиною української орфографічної традиції і поновлення яких має сучасне наукове підґрунтя. Водночас правописна комісія керувалася розумінням того, що й мовна практика українців другої половини ХХ ст. — початку ХХІ ст. вже стала частиною української орфографічної традиції. Поділяючи думку про злочинний характер репресивних дій тоталітарного режиму щодо «харківського» правопису і його творців, кодифікатори мови не можуть знехтувати тим, що мову народу творить його історія: мова змінюється, і правопис має відображати насамперед її сучасний стан. Нинішня українська мова — це багатофункціональна мова з розвиненою різноплановою стилістикою, сучасною науковою термінологією, це мова, яка взаємодіє з багатьма світовими мовами.”

Ігор Бардин, 7 червня 2019 директор Парляментарної програми “Канада–Україна” CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

Should Ukraine return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys?

44 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Olena Khvostyk CUPP 2020 applicant Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European Natianal University Lutsk, Ukraine

Should Ukraine return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys?

The latest version of Ukrainian their creative methods and the own originality in language usage, to Pravopys was finally approved on “Shestydesyatnyky”, who lived and maintain the historical and cultural June 3th 2019. It includes necessary worked in soviet Ukraine in the differences from foreign entities. and facultative changes referring era of Social Realism. Modernism Since 2014 the interest of Ukrainian to the 1927 Kharkivskyi Pravopys. pays great attention to form of society in its history, culture and which are supposed to be more literary artwork, including text traditions has increased. Therefore, relevant to current language uses. organization at lingual and extra it is reasonable to mention, that The introduction of changes lingual levels. Social realism is Ukrainian society is returning to gradually is a positive development, mostly concentrated on propaganda its original roots after living under for reasons highlighted below. and ideological focus, rather than on soviet and Russian domination for Today’s modern Ukrainian trends art for art’s sake. This means, that years. It is understandable that are extremely popular. After 1991 popular literature influences wider reforms and changes do not come Ukrainian society discovered many readers’ audience, in spreading its overnight. It is long-term process historical facts that were hidden senses and lingual methods (lexica, of adaptation and it is completely from the public during soviet times. syntax, grammar, orthography and normal. The main reason for this the was the other features of Pravopys). In the introduction of the June the ongoing revision of history Poets of New York group 3rd Pravopys it should be noted that and efforts to blend the history used Kharkivskyi Pravopys the changes would be implemented of Ukraine with that of Russia. and they preserved Ukrainian over the next 5 years. That is Revisionism was a continuous originality in their works, while enough time to adopt tor the new practice by the soviet government “Shestydesyatnyky used the soviet rules. It is especially important centered in Moscow. language. The New-York group for people, who graduate from The aims were consolidation, was hidden from Ukrainian readers schools and who need to pass unification, denationalization in soviet Ukraine 1991. When it independent external evaluation and generalization at all the was discovered by liberators Vira exams. The result of these changes cultural levels, including language. Ageeva, Yurii Andrukhovych, should be an increase in general Therefore, Ukrainian society Volodymyr Morenets, Mariia language proficiency and the wide has a deep understanding of the Revacovych, Tetiana Schestopalova,, dissemination of new norms into importance of returning to its they estimated that the works of our culture, including official and historical roots and renewing its the New-York group, who preserved colloquial communication. unique cultural heritage. Using the the true Ukrainian language, were In summary, it is logical to say 1927 Kharkivskyi Pravopys is an closer to Ukrainian culture than that the Ukrainian nation has a long important step towards this goal. that of the “Shestydesyatnyky”. and deep historical and cultural This phenomenon has been named It would be reasonable to tradition, which should enable the an “Aquarius in the sea” and compare the cultural improvement creation of a new society of modern Oleksandr Fraze-Frazenko directed of soviet Ukraine with that of the people with a European system of a film about the New-York based diaspora. For example, there were values. There is no future without a group of poets in 2017. two different schools of literature past and all social processes should existing at the same time. The In conditions of hybrid war be reflected in the language. So New-York based poetry group caused by aggression of Russian changing the Pravopys should be founded by Ukrainian immigrants, Federation, Ukrainians understand the first step to transformation of who were close to modernism in the importance of retaining their our society.

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Olha Boleyn CUPP 2020 applicant University of Warsaw, American Studies Center On the matter of Kharkivskiy Pravopys

A well-known Ukrainian linguist learn Ukrainian without knowing its linguistic structure. As a result, many of and politician Iryna Farion created a history. I found Shemetov’s article the Ukrainian linguists – including the metaphor that remains relevant to very informative and I think that ones who took part in the project – were this day: “The current [Ukrainian] raising awareness about the issues against some of the changes proposed orthography – it is a Moscow dress that were brought up in it is vitally in the pravopys. Famous Ukrainian worn on a Ukrainian body.” In the important making a movement writer, literary critic, and public figure reference article by Oleg Shemetov, towards Ukrainisation. Learning Serhij Pylypenko had this to say about the author makes a similar point by more about Kharkivskiy Pravopys was Kharkivskiy Pravopys: “These forms highlighting the fact that most methods an interesting experience, as I came created in Presidium cannot be justified of regulating the Ukrainian language across a number of diverse points of by the history of our language, nor by and its use, have been interfered with view. It is without a doubt one of the the essence of it. I declare that such and the linguistic structure impacted most important historical documents incorrectly theorised forms were not by Russian governments through on restoration and de-russification of made up even by the State Spelling “prohibiting certain words, syntactic Ukrainian language, created by leading Commission or the Conference, and constructions, grammatical forms, Ukrainian linguists, philologists and they were unanimously rejected by spelling, and orthoepic standards, journalists, the majority of which were the Kyiv’s editorial meeting, appointed while promoting others patterned later repressed and executed by the by the People’s Commissariat in on Russian or directly transplanted Soviet regime. At first, this information December 1927.” from Russian.” Upon acknowledging makes it seem that implementing the Overall, I stand with the idea behind the fact that governments in Moscow rules of the 1928 pravopys would be the the creation of pravopys, which is have been affecting the structure of perfect strategy for the rehabilitation Ukrainian language it becomes obvious of the Ukrainian language from the restoring the original structure of the that shedding off this influence from Russian influence. However, I still Ukrainian language to a state before our language is an important part have a major concern: in a number of it was so heavily influenced by the of divorcing our culture from that different sources I found information politics of Moscow. That said I do of Russia as a way of restoring our that makes me question the legitimacy not trust the pravopys as proposed independence. Creating a commission of the pravopys. The most concerning execution of this idea, as it seems that of experts to bring back the original of these facts is that the leading people participating in the creation of Ukrainian orthography with reference figure responsible for creation of the the pravopys largely disagreed with the to the Kharkivskiy pravopys seems to document – People’s Commissar of outcome of that project, and some of be a great starting point. Education M.O. Skrypnyk – had no them did not have the right credentials As I was doing research prior to linguistic education or background. or motives to be included in the working writing this opinion, I learned a lot of Skrypnyk was simply a professional process. I think that a new Ukrainian new information regarding Ukrainian activist and revolutionary, which leads pravopys should be created, as it is a language and especially the Kharkivskiy researchers to believe that while leading vital part of de-russification process. Pravopys. I was surprised how little the project he was more interested This process must be lead and carried we are actually taught in Ukrainian in making the most radical changes out by qualified specialists in the area schools about the effects that Russia possible as a political statement, rather of Ukrainian language and history, with has had on our language as a part of than being motivated to maintain the the possibility of referencing its 1928 their assimilation efforts; in effect we historical accuracy of the Ukrainian predecessor where appropriate.

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Olga Golovakina CUPP 2020 applicant Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University. College of Europe, Natolin, Warsaw. Should Ukraine return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys?

I was born in Kyiv and went students know all the options and of borrowed words impoverishes to a Ukrainian-speaking school. I will not be lost when it comes to Ukrainian, some even could was quite sure that all schools in the use of Kharkivski Pravopys. I say pollutes it. The Kharkivskiy Ukraine were Ukrainian-speaking. personally experienced the use of Pravopys offers the invention of Upon my entry into the university, Kharkiskyi Pravopys when I had Ukrainian-sounding words for the I was surprised to discover, that a summer internship at a hotel in neologisms, which only enrich some students were taught in Kyiv. Among our guests was a group the language. The grammar of Russian in schools. This was a big of Canadians, who came to Ukraine the Kharkivskiy Pravopys also shock for me. But this article is to see the land of their forefathers. preserves some authentic traits of not about the Russian language They were ethnic Ukrainians, and the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian issue of Ukraine. I simply wanted were using a Ukrainian language has more than 30 unique linguistic to mention this fact, because my that was definitely not the traits that are not present in any school did not inform me about the ‚standardised‘ one, certainly not the other Slavic language — to loose all actual state of affairs concerning one we used in school. I must admit, of this would be a shame. the linguistic variety of Ukraine. I that it was somewhat challenging to Ukraine has made a big step recall another linguistic discovery understand them, but it was the very forward in getting closer to the about an alternative codification of Ukrainian which I previously heard authentic codification by approving the Ukrainian language — while I while watching the STB channel. It the codification prior to 1992 on 22 was watching a famous TV channel was another version of Ukrainian STB. I was surprised to hear the codified by Kharkivskyi Pravopys, May 2019 which means a smooth pronunciation of some words, since the version that is the closest to the return to Kharkivskiy Pravopys. I the language the TV hosts spoke did natural sound of Ukrainian at the am glad that in Ukrainian we now not correspond to the language I beginning of the 20th century. have an established rule for the was taught in school. By this means, feminitives, which leads to more The Kharkivskiy Pravopys should I discovered that schools provided gender-balanced societal paradigm be reintroduced into the Ukrainian us with a rather limited knowledge and proves that Ukrainians per se language for the sake of abandoning on the history of the Ukrainian are tolerant and respect women. the current, Russified version language and its codification. The prospect of having more of our of the ‚standard‘ Ukrainian. The authentic sound /ґ/ is also cheering. I never heard of Kharkivskiy Kharkivskiy Pravopys version is I think we are on the right path. Pravopys in school, unfortunately. much more nuanced to the authentic, Why do I say unfortunately, unique Ukrainian phonetics and In conclusion, Italians were able although I do not object to the grammar. This would also give to adopt a single pravopys and current codification, since I grew us a better sense of continuity of consolidate the country to the use up writing and speaking it as the Ukrainian traditions and connect of one understandable language. accepted or ‚standard‘ way? The us to our ancestors. After studying Israelis were able to learn an reason is twofold, and comprises some particularities of the entirely new language, Hebrew. the theoretical and practical aspects. Kharkivskiy Pravopys I can tell this The Czechs were able to return The first one is simple — I think it is version is much more appealing to to their own language after the important to teach the history of the me because of its authenticity. It has imposition of German. Ukrainians Ukrainian language and its variety as little as possible borrowed words are now capable of returning to their through the ages. In this way, the from other languages. The amount Ukrainian roots.

47 HYBRIDHYBRIDHYBRID WARFAREWARFAREWARFARE

COMPLEXCOMPLEXCOMPLEX CHALLENGECHALLENGECHALLENGE FORFORFOR DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY 48 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

The rise of a multipolar world order led to the the ongoing hybrid war in Eastern Ukraine. Hybrid emergence of powerful, contrastive ideologies, warfare in this case is constructed by a mix of social, Taccording to which power is dispersed among political, military, economical and diplomatic different actors and state interest is not the sectors, targeting each of them in a different way. only driving force of actions. Non-state groups are competing for power, relying on hybrid or Another level of Russia’s invasion in Ukraine asymmetric warfare to support their cause. The focuses on the ‘battle for identity’, which involves prime example is terrorism. In the 21st century, high-level propaganda and media manipulation in militant groups are fighting against the order to portray the ongoing events through state, using various military strategies the certain perspective. Identity underlying the role of hybrid warfare. division aims to restore the historical dominance in the region, bring to Since the end of WWII, the power pro-Russian forces in the rise of various types of military next Ukrainian elections and gain strategies can be observed by the support among Russian electorate shift from conventional to the for the so-called ‘protection of modern kind of warfare. The open Russian values and culture’. confrontation of states on the battlefield is no longer the case. What is more, the ‘soft The revolution in military power’ appeared to be used affairs and the emergence as a tool in the asymmetrical of modern strategies made war strategy, when using information and technology the diplomatic channels a key determinant of how to influence the other wars are fought. After players in their decision 1945, irregular warfare had and judgment of Russian become a dominant military hybrid strategies for strategy. Irregular warfare can Ukraine. One of the goals of be distinguished from regular disinformation, to some extend warfare upon the nature of the achieved on the broader scale, actors, and the violence used by includes the presentation of this the actors on the incumbent. After military conflict as a civil war, which the 1950s, the world has experienced theoretically excludes Russia from any more than 80 irregular conflicts when states responsibility, but presents it as a neutral and non-state players share the battlefield in the part, sending humanitarian help for those in need. non-traditional type of war. Scholars of the Institute for the Study of War, Russian invasion in Ukraine proves that “hybrid specifically Maria Snegovaya in 2015, claims that conflicts involve multilayered efforts designed to Russian diplomatic tactics for its hybrid conflicts destabilize a functioning state and polarize its (Georgia 2008, Ukraine 2014) takes its origin in society’’. Russia’s operation in Ukraine through Soviet strategies for ‘reflexive control’, which uses financing and controlling non-state separatist the delivery to an opponent the specific type of groups required the combination of economic, information leading to a favourable for a messenger military and technological efforts which lead to decision-making

49 CUPP HYBRID WARFARE: A COMPLEX CHALLENGE FOR DEMOCRACY

The effects of hybrid warfare against Ukraine be viewed as a basis for hybrid and irregular conflicts challenge whole Western system of values and the around the world, violating national sovereignties, matter of national and global security for the rest of human rights and international security worldwide. the countries: Today, the consequences effects of irregular, DEMOCRACIES, HISTORY HAS SHOWN, hybrid and asymmetric warfare led to a change in ARE PREDISPOSED TO SEEK PEACE the concept of war, which well summarized by Sir AND TO RECONCILE CONFLICTS Rupert Smith: “War no longer exists. Confrontation, THROUGH NEGOTIATION AND conflict and combat undoubtedly exist all DIPLOMACY. THEY GENERALLY GO TO WAR ONLY AS A LAST around the world - most noticeably, RESORT, WHEN WHAT IS RIGHT but not only in Iraq, Afghanistan, the AND WHAT IS WRONG ARE Democratic Republic of the Congo, CLEAR, WHEN ATTRIBUTION and Palestine – and states still have IS EASILY ASSIGNED, armed forces which serve mainly AND IN PURSUIT OF A as symbols of power. Nonetheless, JUST AND REASONABLE CONCLUSION. SUCH war as cognitively known to most THINKING STEMS FROM THE combatants, war as a battle in a INFLUENCE OF JUST WAR field between men and machinery, THEORY. RUSSIA’S USE OF war as a massive deciding event REFLEXIVE CONTROL, in a dispute of international AND EMPLOYMENT affairs is no longer exist’’. OF IT VIA HYBRID WARFARE, TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THIS The annexation of Crimea TENDENCY AMONG in 2014 served as an alarming DEMOCRACIES TO signal for Western powers, AVOID INVOLVEMENT not only due to the rapid IN CONFLICTS THAT violation of international law APPEAR TO INVOLVE NO CLEAR DISTINCTION and Budapest Memorandum BETWEEN THOSE IN THE on Security Assurances of 1994 RIGHT AND THOSE IN THE signed at the OSCE conference, WRONG. where USA, UK and Russia granted Ukraine its territorial sovereignty One of the newest methods applied and protection of its borders in return during this hybrid war is informational to withdrawal of nuclear weapon. Crimean warfare, which has a significant influence over the annexation drew the parallel to the events of 1938 dynamics of war in the era of technology, access to when Nazi Germany seized the Sudetenland of the information and the battle in the cyber realm. Czechoslovakia, with no direct response from With the development of technology, the information Western community and lack of responsibility as a resource is available for different players and for such action, which further lead to catastrophic has lead to creating geopolitical tensions such consequences. as Russia’s involvement in US elections of 2016. Hybrid tactics such informational, diplomatic and Such combination of conventional and governmental meddling are frequently used by the unconventional strategies under the term ‘hybrid players practicing ‘illiberal democracy’’, which can warfare’ and its use during Russian invasion in Ukraine

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today serve as a hint for many military specialists and range of political and economic sanctions on Russia foreign policy experts to fear the future intention of as a response to using hybrid warfare in Europe. Russia or other countries to use it against NATO or But the issue remains unsolved: to which extend EU members states. democracies today are ready to go on the battlefield with hybrid warfare and which battlefield should it This tremendously impacted peace and security in be first? Europe, NATO-member states bordering Russia and the rest of the world leading to a new geopolitical Written by Valentyna Kalich crisis, excluding Russia from G7 and imposing a wide CUPP 2019 Intern to Hon. Wayne Easter, MP for Malpeque

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CANADA’S 2019 GENERAL ELECTION

At the end of 2017, it looked like the Liberal Party of Canada and form his own party – the Party would win the October 2019 general election. People’s Party of Canada. The party advocates for AThe advantage of incumbency has traditionally a comprehensive immigration reform, substantial benefited the party in power. The growth of the cuts to various welfare programs, as well as Canadian economy was bright prospects for the deregulation of Canada’s oligopolistic industries Liberals. However, since the start of 2019, the such as airlines and telecommunications. Liberals’ hopes for re-election have faltered. Let’s look at what has happened and what the major The election year in Canada began with a parties are offering Canadians as they prepare to major scandal – Minister of Justice and Attorney make up their mind, and what chances the parties General Jody Wilson-Raybould accused Prime have for Election Day. Minister Trudeau of attempting to pressure her over the decision to prosecute the engineering First of all, a few words need to be said about multi-national corporation SNC-Lavalin. Wilson- the Conservative Party of Canada and its road to Raybould resigned from the Trudeau Cabinet October 2019. Stephen Harper resigned from the on February 12. In early April, Prime Minister position party leader following defeat in October Trudeau expelled her from the Liberal caucus and 2015 election. , Rona Ambrose, replaced him as the barred her running as a Liberal in the October interim leader and promised not to run for leader 2019 election. of the Conservative Parry. The election turned out to be very close – and the former Speaker of the At the end of April, Canadians witnessed two House of Commons Andrew Scheer won over MP additional major scandals, both of which were Maxime Bernier by only 1.9% of the total vote related to defence procurement. Vice Admiral Mark Norman, had been directed by the Minister Bernier, who had previously served as Minister of of National Defence Jason Kenney in the previous Industry, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister Harper government to procure a conversion of a of State in the Harper government, eventually civilian cargo ship into a military supply vessel, decided to part ways with the Conservative Norman was accused of leaking confidential

WILL BE EXTREMELY EXCITING

53 CUPP CANADA’S 2019 GENERAL ELECTION WILL BE EXTREMELY EXCITING

Maxime Bernier and Andrew Scheer

information about the procurement. A reputable option instead. This led to a disagreement with officer of the Canadian Navy who had served the Pentagon, which was relying on the agreement his country with distinction was being publicly initially, signed between Canada & the USA in humiliated and suffered financial losses in having 2006. The OAG recommendation not to buy to defend himself. At all times he declared his Australian F-19 jets was subsequently removed innocence of any wrongdoing. from the final report amid allegations of political interference from Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan. Another blow to the reputation of the current Liberal government was inflicted by the As well Canada’s relations with China have Macdonald-Laurier report published on May 6. been deteriorating since late 2018, when Canada According to the report, the Office of the Auditor arrested the Chief Financial Officer of Huawei General (OAG) put forward a recommendation not on a request for extradition by the United States to spend over $1 billion on used Australian F-18 for an alleged breach of intellectual property fighter jets. The current Canadian fleet of aging rights by Huawei. China subsequently reacted by CF-18 fighter jets has needed a replacement for arresting two Canadian citizens who remain in quite some time. While the Harper government captivity to date. Canada’s Ambassador to China had invested in the co-development program John McCallum was fired in January without a of F-35 along with nine other NATO members, replacement for him to date. Furthermore, China the Trudeau government decided not to spend has significantly restricted its imports of canola money on F-35s, but to opt for a cheaper interim products from Canada, which is the world’s top

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Doug Ford and Jason Kenney producer of canola, which accounts for $26 billion According to a 338Canada election projection worth of the Canadian economy. With over a published at the beginning of May, the Conservative quarter million of Canadians employed in the Party has a 92% chance of winning the most seats industry, the dispute with China will certainly in the October 21 election. In fact, 338Canada not cause too many Canadians in the Prairies to projects the Conservative Party to enter the 43rd cast their vote for the re-election of the Liberal Parliament with 174 seats, which would allow them government. to form a majority government. The same study suggests the Liberal Party winning 111 seats, with The recent provincial elections have demonstrated the New Democratic Party falling to 32 Members that the momentum is on the Conservatives’ side. of Parliament (down from 44 as the result of the Ontario elected anti-establishment right-wing 2015 campaign). populist Conservative Doug Ford who ran as a Needless to say, a lot can still change in the fierce opponent of the carbon tax in 2018. The trend five months before Election Day. That being said, continued in 2019 – with New Brunswick, Quebec however, it is already evident that the 2019 election and Prince Edward Island electing conservative will be one of the most exciting campaigns Canada Premiers. In April, Conservative Jason Kenney and has had in decades. his United Conservative Party won the Alberta provincial election in a landslide. Saskatchewan and

Manitoba continue to be governed by Conservative Written by Bogdan Puchkov Premiers. CUPP 2019 Intern to James Bezan, MP for Selkirk-Interlake-Eastman

55 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 Lessonslearned After starting their internships in the House of Commons and immersing themselves into the daily parliamentary schedule, CUPP Interns have decided to share their first impressions and observations about Canada’s centre of political power.

What were your first impression of Canada, its people, lifestyle, institutions and Parliament Hill?

What is the most important lesson you have learned on the Hill so far?

Do you have some idea of how you will use the experience gained on the Hill on your return to Ukraine?

56 LESSONS LEARNED 2019

Maksym Dvorovyi

INTERN TO ROBERT-FALCON OUELLETTE, MP FOR WINNIPEG CENTRE, MANITOBA

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF “KYIV-MOHYLA ACADEMY”, KYIV, UKRAINE

1. Canada differs significantly from Ukraine. People are generally more polite and smile often - and you will rarely hear something less than “good” with respect to your work as an Intern. They are the champions of small talk. You sometimes feel uncomfortable with small talk, and doubt the sincerity of the words - but that’s how it is. And I cannot fail to comment on the culture of Parliament Hill and the debates that take place there. I worked in the Ukrainian Parliament, Verkhovna Rada, and I can only dream of duplicating the depth of the research that goes into every piece of legislation and the amount of debate and testimonies which take place before the adoption of legislation.

2. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, although I’m still reluctant to do so. Only when you ask, will you acquire and receive the information and the experience at its fullest. And not miss the lessons learned.

3. In the future, I see myself in the politic or related sphere of activity. Therefore, the House of Commons experience will be useful in my efforts to impact and transform the culture of politics into a productive and beneficial direction in Ukraine. And to expand the field of governance - through involvement of younger stakeholders in our country.

57 CUPP LESSONS LEARNED

Valentyna Kalich

INTERN TO HON. WAYNE EASTER, MP FOR MALPEQUE, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST, HUNGARY

CLARK UNIVERSITY, MASSACHUSETTS, USA

CENTRAL UKRAINIAN NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KROPYVNYTSKYI, UKRAINE

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES WARSAWI, POLAND

1. The most inspiring first thing that impressed me about Canada was the mutual respect of people regardless of their existing professional hierarchy. As an intern I have never felt excluded or neglected because of my lowly status. On the contrary, people on the Hill including MPs and the staff have always treated me with respect and dignity. Equality among our entire staff is the predominant value of Canadians. Wonderful precedent to take home.

2. One of the most important lessons I have learned was gifted to me by my MP, the Hon. Wayne Easter: if you do your job well and sincerely, being true to your own values - people around you will appreciate it and treat you with respect.

3. As I intend to work in the field of social integration - Canada is a perfect example of how to achieve social cohesion. Here I am able to observe social, economic, political and educational policies coming together for the benefit of the country. That is exactly what I will take back with me not only to Ukraine, but to Europe as well. In the current era of globalization it is important to invest not only in one country, but also in the whole world, as the problems we face now and in the future will not remain local, anymore.

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Pavlo Bryliak

INTERN TO CHERYL GALLANT, MP FOR RENFREW — NIPISSING — PEMBROKEM, ONTARIO

UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY, LVIV, UKRAINE

1. For me Canada feels like a very free and open-minded society with great differences, but with shared values that unite. It is more than comfortable for me to live and work here, and it is a great advantage of the CUPP program. What a reward for working to be selected for the program. I’m looking forward to returning home and sharing my Canadian experience.

2. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, although I’m still reluctant to do so. Only when you ask, will you acquire and receive the information and the experience at its fullest. And not miss the lessons learned.

3. CUPP is an excellent introduction to the world of high-level governance and diplomacy. You experience the activities on Parliament Hill, inside the debates chamber and in your own office. You witness all of it and you become part of it. Moreover - you are the one by whom a lot of people on Parliament will formulate their opinion about Ukraine. And acquiring this unique parliamentary knowledge shapes your own personality. I am sure that the CUPP experience will be helpful in my professional life, which I now believe will be tightly connected with Ukraine.

59 CUPP LESSONS LEARNED

Maksym Dzhyhun

INTERN TO KEVIN LAMOUREUX, MP FOR WINNIPEG NORTH, MANITOBA

MYKHAYLO DRAHOMANOV NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV, UKRAINE

1. Canada to me is a nation rich in natural beauty, full of people with great respect for others, and an efficient political system. Despite the fact we live in the capital, it feels almost like I am in a forest, with diverse animal and plant life. Every day, I have opportunities to interact with dozens of people from the spheres of politics, science, culture and service, and all of them are very polite and kind to others. Canada clearly prizes egalitarianism: you feel equal to everyone else, regardless of your social or material status. I was pleasantly surprised by the very respectful attitude of MPs to their assistants. Here you will not find bosses and subordinates – instead, there is only a team built on mutual respect.

2. Politics is about a search of permanent compromise. That’s a sphere where you should take into account the interests of all stakeholders irrespective to which political camp they belong.

3. This internship in Canada’s parliament makes me think about ways of changing the Ukrainian political system. After this program, I`d like to implement my knowledge about Canadian political life and democracy at work and of course, I dream about the beginning of my own political career.

60 NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2 2019

Anna Mysyshyn

INTERN TO LINDA DUNCAN, MP FOR EDMONTON-STRATHCONA

IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV UKRAINE

TARTU UNIVERSITY ESTONIA

1. Canada is a very calm country, where everything runs in an orderly fashion. From the very first day, I had an impression that everyone was extremely friendly and very keen to share with us his or her duties. Afterwards, I “borrowed” these attributes and began to smile more often, and engage others in conversation. I received an extremely positive impression of Parliament and my MP - Linda Duncan. Although she holds a very responsible position that demands a lot of hard work, Linda inspired me with her extraordinary energy and positive outlook. She showed me that passion is everything and to be successful, the first thing to do is to fall in love with your work.

2. Communication is the most important skill any leader can possess. We must not be afraid to communicate, ask questions or raise concerns. Because opportunity does not knock, it presents itself when you beat down the door.

3. There are many common issues that concern both Ukrainians and Canadians. Therefore the experience of working in Canada’s Parliament gave me a deeper understanding how to tackle some problems we have in Ukraine. I am eager to start working on new ideas, which I learned here when I return to Ukraine.

61 CUPP LESSONS LEARNED

Natalia Lavrova

INTERN TO JAMES MALONEY, MP FOR ETOBICOKE—LAKESHORE, ONTARIO

ODESA I.I. MECHNIKOV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UKRAINE

UNIVERSITÄT OSNABRÜCK, GERMANY

1. What impressed me the most right after I arrived in Canada were people and their interaction with each other. Particularly how open-minded and positive they are.

2. What I’ve learned so far is that there is no pronounced hierarchy in people’s relationship. Everyone is equal and authentic at the same time. My office is open to innovations and creative ideas that make me feel confident to express myself.

3. The acquired communication skills could be beneficial and essential for people in Ukraine. By incorporating more tolerance and equality into the working environment of my country, so that everyone can feel accepted and valued.

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LANGUAGE ISSUE IN CANADA AND UKRAINE: WHY IS FRENCH NOT RUSSIAN

Oleh SHEMETOV University of Vienna, Austria; University of Wroclaw, Poland; California State University, Dominguez Hills, United States; NEWSLETTER Vasyl Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Ukraine Intern to The Hon. Chrystia Freeland, MP for University–Rosedale, Ontario 2016 East-West Foundation 2016 CUPP Scholarship reciepient. ISSUE #1

“There must be a long-term national consensus on languages. The countries that do not achieve such consensus have a tendency to break up.” Derek Fraser, Ambassador of Canada to Ukraine in 1998-2001

Dear reader, even though I relevant today, what resonated when comparing the language cannot be sure if you attended in my mind was the question issue of Ukraine to that of the Model Ukraine Conference he posed at the beginning – Canada. Moreover, we were being in Ottawa on 16 October 2013, “Would the increase of status persuaded that the only correct I want you to know that this and prestige for Russian by answer to the Dr. Petryshyn’s was the time and place when making it an official national question was an affirmative one. Dr. Roman Petryshyn, Director state language in Ukraine, like There seemed to be no alternative of the Ukrainian Resource and French has been in Canada – lead approach. My suspicion grew as I Development Centre at the to greater national harmony?” was coming to a realization that MacEwan University, delivered This question imprinted itself the people setting such a tone an excellent presentation on in my mind so strongly that I for the language discourse were the official language policies in went on to produce a master’s anything but ardent adherents Canada and Ukraine. The point thesis on the language rights in of Ukrainian independence and he made was that the key to Canada and Ukraine, to publish a national revival. The people, who making a modern Ukrainian lies monograph based on that thesis did not share a grain of Western in keeping Ukraine unilingual on and to write the article you are values, were passionately the nationallevel, bilingual on now reading. The question itself idealizingthe Western practices the regional level and trilingual was relevant, but I could not help of bilingualism, especially those on the individual level. While I overlooking the trend back home of Canada. There was definitely took a great delight in listening in Ukraine that we Ukrainians, something wrong with this to his speech and would claim were as if comatosely lured into premise. So I began my own the conclusions he drew are still paralleling Russian with French, research.

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Mother tongue in Ukraine and Canada, 2001

Demographics. Indeed, the defines French as the sole official you to communicate in?” and official demographic data suggest language of the province. the results are presented in the a straightforward, yet, hasty, graph below. Whereas Statistics Canada as we will see later, conclusion: defines “mother tongue” as the Ukrainian clearly compares first language learned at home in to English, Russian compares childhood and still understood to French. As per the 2011 by the person at the time the census data, there were 21.3% data was collected, the term has of native French speakers in no definition in the Statistics Canada as opposed to 56.9% of Service of Ukraine. This Anglophones. Similarly, the last ambiguity makes it a difficult task Ukrainian census taken in 2001, to establish the actual numbers found that 29.6% percent of the of speakers of Ukrainian and population considered Russian Russian. Dominique Arel, Chair their mother tongue while 67.5% of Ukrainian Studies at the declared it to be Ukrainian. University of Ottawa, suggests Besides, there is Crimea, the only that “a characteristic feature Ukrainian region where Russian of Ukraine is that it is divided speakers hold an outright into two, approximately equal majority of 79.1%. According numerically linguistic groups – Another survey demonstrated to the Crimean Constitution, Ukrainian speakers and Russian Russian enjoys official status speakers”. Indeed, there is that the standard of knowledge alongside Ukrainian and Crimean considerable evidence of a much of Russian (free conversational Tatar, but in practice dominates larger Russian language and language, writing and reading) in overwhelmingly both the public cultural presence in Ukraine that Ukraine is higher (76%) than the and private discourse on the the official demographic data standard of knowledge of Ukrainian peninsula. There is Québec, the would suggest. The opinion poll (69%). Even more interestingly, a nly Canadian province where conducted in 2013 puts even nationwide Gallup poll taken in 2008 the majority of the population more doubts on the dominance revealed that 83% of Ukrainians speaks French. The provincial of Ukrainian. The question was preferred to take the survey in Charter of the French Language “What language is it easier for Russian, and only 17% in Ukrainian.

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Separatism. Going back to able to get on in one country only fighting for? Was it what they the issue of separatism and the thanks to the absence of everyday deserved? Some experts claim, if parallel between Crimea and contact between them. The there had been no Euromaidan, Québec, one fact often goes easterners come to the West and in the worst-case scenario, the unmentioned. Until recently, westerners come to the East as nation would have had a civil separatism in the predominantly guests, as tourists, as if to another war, but this time in the western Ukrainian-speaking region of country... The more the East and regions. “There would have Galicia was no less strong than West get to know each other, the been a very unstable situation in in Crimea and Donbas. This stronger the sense of fundamental the right-bank Ukraine and the especially was the case during the otherness and incompatibility west. There could have started a presidency of Viktor Yanukovych. will get... Different worldviews, disintegration of the land, only in The idea of separatism in western different civilizations, different other regions,” Vadym Karasiov, Ukraine was promoted by a experiences... One must not Ukrainian political scientist, number of intellectuals, writers reconcile, but regulate these believes. Fortunately, Galicians and poets, mostly natives of two worlds apart... Antagonists did not yield to the separatist Galicia. Yuri Andrukhovych, cannot get along together in moods, but joined the rest of famous writer and poet, suggested one communal apartment, they Ukrainians on the barricades of giving Crimea and Donbas a cannot and they do not have to”. the Euromaidan and later in the chance for self-determination. The most reckless Galician trenches of Donbas. However, in His main argument was that the “Europeans”,whether consciously the light of the new government’s Ukrainian idea, language and ornot, have insisted on voluntarily pitiable progress in the economic culture were having difficulty losing southern and eastern and humanitarian policy, high in spreading there. That is why regions, which, in their opinion, inflation, impoverishment these regions should be excluded would facilitate the integration of ordinary people, crawling from Ukraine. Writer and literary of the rest of Ukraine with the Russification of the media, mass critic Yuriy Vynnychuk claimed, EU. As we can see, the motives culture and public life, growing “The South-East has to secede of the secessionists in Québec sense of despair that shedding from Ukraine”. He paid due and Galicia have many similar of the Galician blood on the respect to what he considered features. Euromaidan and in Donbas may the great civilizing mission of have been in vain, there is no Poles, “Only where there were To their credit, Galicians guarantee that separatism will Poles, Ukrainian language and did promote the Ukrainian not return to Galicia. tradition were preserved, and cause in the Austro-Hungarian probably, we must separate along Empire, fought for Ukrainian Colonization. Although the this border... I do not know how independence in the ranks of the French were not autochthonous long we could sustain: one side Sichovi Striltsi and UPA during to Canada, they were the first is pulling left, the other to the both world wars, respectively; they Europeans to colonize it. They right; there is no decent life, kept the idea of anindependent founded their first permanent twenty years – total decrepitude. Ukraine alive in the West, kept it settlement in 1605 and settled Maybe, let us break up? Maybe, alive in their hearts of Ukrainians predominantly in the Saint let us live like formerly the two under the Soviet occupation.They Lawrence River Valley and Germanys?” Host of the most went on to save the independent Acadia establishing so-called watched TV channel of western Ukraine from the Moscow deathly New France. Having lost in the Ukraine Ostap Drozdov shared embrace by giving their votes to Seven Years’ War, according his opinion live, “I see Ukraine the pro-European political forces to the Treaty of Paris in 1763, as a typical communal apartment. and by occupying the streets of France ceded its possessions in The mutual non-acceptance of Kyiv in 2004. Was Ukraine under Canada to the victorious British. mentalities is so deep that it is Yanukovych what they had been However, the French population

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would still be in majority in what first tangible wave of emigration medieval Rus had very little in now constitutes the province of from Muscovy commenced when common with modernday Russia. Québec and neighbouring areas. the region of Sloboda Ukraine Before Ivan IV the Terrible self- Up until the American Revolution, in the northeast came under the proclaimed himself “Tsar and the English-speaking population Muscovite rule in the mid-16th Grand Duke of all Rus”, what of the Saint Lawrence River Valley century. Mainly the Zaporizhian today is called Russia had always was for the most part made up Cossacks, peasants, and clergy been referred to throughout of servicemen, bureaucrats and escaping the oppressive rule of Europe as Muscovy. Instead, some merchants. The Scottish the Polish nobility, colonized it. those were the ancestors of the and Irish Catholic peasants who In Sloboda Ukraine, they were modern inhabitants of Belarus, immigrated to Canada merged granted numerous liberties with Ukraine and Lithuania who were with the local French speakers. As regard to self-government and called Russians, or more correctly, quickly as a couple of generations taxation, which also provoked the Rusians or Rusyns. As Peter I later it was hard to distinguish influx of Russian peasants from started his reign, Muscovites them from the locals: they were the neighbouring areas. Besides, basically finalized the theft of the well assimilated into the French- some Russians voluntarily moved ethnonyms “Rus” and “Russian” speaking community in terms to central and western Ukraine: from their immediate western of both language and customs. persecuted clergymen and neighbours. Even today many Frenchspeaking dissidents, defecting nobility and Canadians have Scottish and Irish gentry, students, runaway serfs Appeasement and assimilation surnames. The demographic and and simply adventurers. Most of local elites. The -new rulers of language situation in Canada of them would be assimilated, Canada, or “conquerors”, as they shifted dramatically after the especially in the areas controlled would often be described by their American Revolution when by the Cossacks. There is no doubt French Canadian contemporaries, Canada received a huge numberof about the Ukrainian-language be it said that, through the Québec loyalists from the rebellious environment existing within the Act of 1774, retained and protected United States, those who kept Zaporizhian Sich. As per Dmytro most of the property, religious, fidelity to the British Crown Yavornytsky, knowledge of political, social, and cultural rights and did not recognize the new Ukrainian was one of the major of the French-speaking habitants, nation. Numerous, belonging requirements to join it. The reign guaranteed their right to practice to the “superior” strata, neither of Peter I and Catherine II saw the the Catholic faith and to use the were they eager to adapt to the first official bans of Ukrainian. In French civil law that later evolved “conquered” Frenchspeaking 1775, the Russians destroyed the into the unique Québec law. This Canadian nation. Zaporizhian Sich and virtually piece of legislation benefited finalized the subjugation of almost exclusively the landowners Kyivan Rus, the medieval Ukraine. The language situation and priests. However, as the public loose federation of East Slavic started to change accordingly. administration was now under tribes, was a proto-Ukrainian the British control and the British rather than a proto-Russian state. Naming. At the beginning, occupied the key positions in trade Northern tribes like Viatichians Canadian and French were and industry, English was gradually and Slovianians played only a interchangeable as synonyms in turning into the language of “the marginal role in the history of North America. Even in the first rich, successful and educated”. Rus. The Russians, or Muscovites half of the 19th century, for Major- More on the personal level, French- as they were known back then, General Sir Isaac Brock, a British speakers would derogatorily be appeared in Ukraine in the Army officer and administrator, called “frogs” and ordered to “speak 14th century, but their number and his contemporaries, “Canadian white”. was insignificant. Those were meant Frenchspeaking. English for the most part diplomats, speakers were the English or In Muscovy and later in the clergymen, and merchants. The British.” As mentioned above, Russian Empire, loyalty to

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the Russian Orthodox Church Although the legal protection of amended the Education Act to in Moscow and loyalty to the English and French was rooted in give local boards of education a Russian language have become Section 133 of the 1867 British broadened discretion to establish identifiers of state unity. English North America Act which allowed French-language schools. Dozens historian Andrew Wilson writes for the use of both languages in of French-speaking communities that Russia offered the Ukrainian parliamentary debates and court in Western Canada, e.g. elite “assimilation instead of proceedings, as well as in the Plamondon, Alberta, succumbed discrimination”. Well, the truth is printing and publication of laws to a combination of racial hostility, it offered both. The attractiveness by the Parliament of Canada and government indifference, local of the imperial career indeed the Legislature of Québec, French apathy and the sheer weight of proved to be decisive for the was still absent from various a dominant English-speaking military, secular and church elites spheres of communication. To culture. And so, due to absence of Ukraine. After the Treaty of name several oppressive actions, of French schooling, heavy Pereiaslav, imperial institutions in 1755-1764, during the Seven Anglicization of education, bit by bit replaced the Ukrainian Years’ War, the French-speaking public and business life, a great governing authorities. The Acadians were deported to variety of distinct French dialects, decrees of Russian tsars, such other British colonies, later including unique Newfoundland as the Charter for the Rights, on many settled in Louisiana French, are now either extinct or Freedoms, and Privileges of the where ultimately gave up French moribund. Overall, the number Noble Russian Gentry of 1785, and switched to English. After and proportion of native French equalized the loyal Ukrainian the British North America Act speakers has been slowly, but aristocracy in rights with their had established the provincial persistently, declining, especially Russian counterparts. Combined responsibility over education, outside Québec. On the contrary, with the brutal coercion, those the corresponding provincial the share of Anglophones has measures ensured fealty of educational acts, with the only been increasing, even after Ukraine to its Russian lord. exceptions of Ontario and the introduction of official Russian, which was a mandatory Québec, banned the use of French bilingualism by the Liberal prerequisite of access to upward as a medium of instruction in government of Pierre Trudeau. social mobility, started to spread the system of public schools. Upon the conclusion of within the Ukrainian elite, be Some additionally abolished the the March Articles in 1658, associated with universalism, provision of financial support to the Muscovite troops and progress and high culture whilst Catholic French-speaking schools. accompanying servicemen poured Ukrainian, the language of In 1912, the Ontario Ministry of into Ukraine on a mass scale. As underprivileged peasants and Education issued Regulation 17, the subjugation of Ukraine began, serfs, became a symbol of rural which largely limited teaching in the oppression of its language backwardness. If a Ukrainian French to grades one to three. In and culture followed almost wanted to grow socially, sooner 1927, Ontario Premie Howard concurrently. Through almost or later he or she had to start Ferguson, seeking support of 350 years of the Russian rule over “speaking normally”. Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, his opposite number from Québec, Ukraine, the Russian government Linguistic and national in his struggle against the federal enacted 479 circulars, ukases, oppression, assimilation. Since “the government, set up a commission orders to prohibit or severely Conquest” until the introduction of to investigate the use of French in limit the use of Ukrainian. the policy of official bilingualism Ontario. Regulation 17 was soon Among the most notorious anti- in the midst of the 20th century, replaced by a compromise system Ukrainian initiatives the Valuev the French language in Canada based on its recommendations. In Circular of 1863 surely must be in general and in Québec in spite of the repeal of Regulation 17, mentioned. Not only did it forbid particular had been time and again not before 1968 did the province a large portion of the publications exposed to danger of extinction. relax its anti-French policy and in Ukrainian language, but

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Клюб, плян... Ukrainian as spelled and spoken in Kharkiv in the 1920s, the then center of the Ukrainian national revival. Symbolically, at the outset of the Stalin’s purges, the building on the left was converted into the Theater of Russian Drama.

voiced the cornerstone idea Vienna tells that the First World cultural developments, career of the Russian policy towards War triggered a new upswing of opportunities, territorial Ukrainians and their language the national movement, of the resettlement; settlement of the – “no separate Little Russian Ukrainian language and culture, ruling nationality on Ukrainian language ever existed, does not but this surge was short-lived territory, etc. the Soviet exist and could not exist” – and ultimately gave way to the system, in addition to applying theidea that Russian imperialism repression that culminated in all these “classic” methods, had been nurturing since the the Holodomor of 1932-1933 introduced interference into colonization of Ukraine, the idea when the leading national the structure of the Ukrainian it would stick to for centuries to intellectuals were arrested language by prohibiting certain come. The Russian chauvinist or exterminated and several words, syntactic constructions, thought would go on to develop million peasants were starved to grammatical forms, spelling, the legend of the triune Russian death. After the Stalin era, the and orthoepic standards, while nation that consisted of three population of Ukraine was still promoting others patterned branches, Great (Russia proper), increasingly Russified through on Russian or directly Little (Ukraine) and White Russian language education, transplanted from Russian… The (Belarus). Russianlanguage media and the contamination was to affect not prevalent use of Russian in the only speakers of Ukrainian, but The Soviet Union continued public affairs. George Shevelov the language per se in its intrinsic the tradition and came up with of Columbia University, a native structure.” the idea of the “Soviet people”. of Kharkiv, defined the language Russification would advance policy of the Soviet government One-sidedness. In Canada, under the guise of promotion towards Ukraine in the following while both languages, English of internationalism. Whereas words: “…banning the Ukrainian and French, enjoy formal Russian became synonymous to language from public use, equality, English still dominates international, non-Russian was entirely or selectively; imposing the public life in Ottawa, often regarded as nationalist. the state language on speakers Toronto, Saskatoon, Vancouver, Michael Moser of University of of Ukrainian through education, and often even in Montréal.

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More and more French Canadians of Anglophone Canadians and dominated among blue-collar become fluent in English whereas Russian speakers in Ukraine, workers. “There was only one Anglophones do not feel the need Francophone Canadians and French speaker in the office to learn French. Quite often even Ukrainian-speaking population where my father worked. He was positions or areas designated of Ukrainian also demonstrate a security guard”, remembered bilingual are not such. French striking similarities. They all Edward Kowalski, a son of a Polish Canadian communities are fall within the centre-periphery immigrant who lived in Montréal, fading away en mass in Alberta, models and neo-Marxist the largest city of Québec and Manitoba, Nova Scotia and even development theory. In both second largest in Canada. That around bilingual Ottawa. Only 7 countries, the people have was a typical picture for the city in per cent of Anglophones living migrated and settled actively over the 1950s-1970s. Edward himself outside Québec are bilingual in the past 400 years. English have could barely speak French. Like French and English. In Québec, 37 come to dominate the urban life the majority of the immigrant per cent of Francophones speak in Canada; Russian has occupied children, he went to the English both languages. Bilingualism the same position in most school. The parents did not has been increasing primarily Ukrainian cities. One can find want their child to grow into “a among Francophones. Today the homogeneous Francophone and second-rate person”. The social probability that a Francophone Ukrainianspeaking cities only in issue closely interwove with the would speak English is five Québec and western Ukraine, language and national issue. times higher than to hear an respectively. In the historically Mass media, pop culture. Taking Anglophone speak French. French Canadian and Ukrainian- into account the considerable speaking regions, French and According to the 2001 linguistic and cultural influence Ukrainian can still be heard in the Ukrainian Census, in the regions of English-speaking provinces countryside, whereas the cities where the majority indicated and such a powerful neighbour are likely to be dominated by Ukrainian as mother tongue, as the U.S., where television, English and Russian, respectively. the percentage of those fluent in cinema industry, leading mass Russian was significantly higher In the past and since the 2000s, media are dominated by English, than the other way around. It is French speakers have immigrated Francophones outside Québec characteristic for most Ukrainian to Toronto, Ottawa, Alberta find themselves at risk of gradual, speakers to switch the language and other English-speaking but irreversible assimilation. code, to shift from mother tongue areas. Ukrainian speakers have Similarly, there is an unequal to the language of interlocutor. been leaving their villages and ratio of Russian and Ukrainian in moving to Russian-speaking the domains of mass information Quite the contrary, Russian cities, western Ukrainians have and entertainment, which is speakers are much more stable been immigrating eastwards caused not that much by the and overwhelmingly respond in to the industrialized regions. demand for such products by Russian regardless of the language Both Anglophone and Russian Russian speakers, but by the they are addressed in, be it colonizers preferred to settle in vast media market of Russia Russian or Ukrainian (98.2% and urban areas. The hot political which penetrates into those of 95.3%, respectively). This may debate on language issue was a the former Soviet Union without serve as a proof of the deeprooted reflection of everyday reality which a single thought of meeting the inferiority complex as such a shift many Québécois and Ukrainians needs of non-Russian speakers. is not necessary since almost all of faced. White-collar positions Some statistics to illustrate the those who live in Ukraine at least were almost entirely occupied by situation in Ukraine in 2014: only understand both languages. Anglophones and Russophones 55% of books were printed in Migration patterns. The whilst Francophones and Ukrainian, newspapers – 29.5%, settlement and migration patterns Ukrainian speakers clearly magazines – 9.9%, the share of

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Ukrainian in prime time on TV Francophones in Canada and which, according to the claimants, was 30% versus Russian – 40%, Ukrainian speakers in Ukraine. that way or another posed a among the songs played by the According to the Canadian violation of the rights of Russian most popular radio stations only federal Commissioner of Official speakers. The remaining 1% 5% were in Ukrainian, 37% of Languages, on average over 90% concerned the language rights of Ukrainian restaurants did not of the admissible complaints the speakers of other languages. have a menu in Ukrainian, 47% come from Francophones. In light As regards the complaints from did not serve in Ukrainian. of absence of any official statistics the second category, almost all of the similar kind in Ukraine, of them, with a few exceptions Affirmative action. The new the author of this article studied were appeals to the decisions of language policy after the Quiet 844 most relevant, as suggested the state inspections to impose Revolution in Québec and on by the Integrated State Register fines on businesses or private the federal level, the last years of Court Decisions, unique court entrepreneurs who did not supply of the Soviet rule in Ukraine and judgements which mentioned the their Russian advertisement with following years of independence language legislation. Judgements Ukrainian translation, marketed took the form of an affirmative regarding language rights goods without appropriate action towards Francophones and accounted for 281 of them, the Ukrainian marking, banks which Ukrainian speakers, respectively, rest being procedural technical refused to issue statements in not towards Angloand judgements; incomplete or Ukrainian, official institutions Russophones, which sort of irrelevant texts. 207 or nearly which did not agree with the gives an idea of which languages 74% of the judgements were court decisions to respect the had a disadvantageous position. on the alleged breaches of the language rights of Ukrainian Complaints. There are much language rights of Ukrainian speakers. Speaking about more complaints in relation to speakers, 71 decisions or 25% exceptions, there were only three language rights coming from were directed against the deeds of them – complaints of the direct

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private nature: regarding the lack important role in the business imports. The English-speaking of drug instructions in Russian, life of Canada and Ukraine. Both United States is Canada’s top the lack of Russian-language being middle range powers in supplier of merchandise imports, secondary education a school, the the global security and trading responsible for over half of all lack of Russian-dubbed movies. systems, Canada and Ukraine imports into Canada. The U.S. To say it again, only 3 against are obliged to compromise and share is even greater as an export 207. To put it into perspective, dialogue with their neighbours. destination, accounting for in December 2014, PrivatBank, nearly three quarters of Canada’s Whereas English is used as the largest commercial bank in merchandise exports. Ukraine, following a number of lingua franca in the Western lawsuits, started a campaign to world, Russian performs the The key difference between collect complaints about the lack same function in the post-Soviet the neighbours of Canada and of Ukrainian services and would world. In fact, the North-Atlantic Ukraine is that neither the British receive on average 3 complaints trading space is regarded as administration nor modern a day. Neighbours. Both Canada one. The post-Soviet market, Britain or the U.S. ever claimed and Ukraine have neighbours, with low or zero tariffs, various that there was no French or French U.S. and Russian Federation, bilateral and multilateral free Canadian nation. Nor did they respectively, whose populations trade agreements constitute one deny the fact of the existence of and economies are many relatively homogeneous entity. a distinct French language. Russia times greater. Both countries Since the Euromaidan, the trade always did it with a greater or understand that knowing with Russia has been falling, but lower degree of intensity. Except the neighbour’s language is as of October 2015, Russia is still for a short period of Ukrainization important to advancing their the largest single trading partner in the 1920-1930s, the Russian trade relations. No surprise, of Ukraine, accounting for 12.8% government never made English and Russian play an of its exports and 20% of its concessions to the Ukrainian

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speakers. Ukrainian was the any other country that would use and Newfoundland and Labrador second most widely spoken English as a geopolitical weapon. has implemented measures to language of the Russian Empire recognize the official languages What now? The Quiet and then the USSR. However, or the provision of services in Revolution brought about the there were no discussions about French. Most provinces and changes in the language situation bilingualism in Russia, nor that territories have offices to oversee in Canada, both on the federal Ukrainian could be the only the proper protection of the and provincial level, ultimately official language in Ukraine, language rights of the speakers of making French the official which it finally became in 1989. both official languages, to work language of Québec, one of the two The United States, Great Britain, towards the decrease of their official languages of the province or France never intervened in violation. Roughly speaking, the of New Brunswick and nationally the language or nation-building language policy of independent of all Canada, as well as enjoying policies of independent Canada, Ukraine is marked by the absence wide rights and privileges locally the only exception, perhaps, of a language policy. Even after the in its other regions. From 1963 being the controversial address onwards one could observe the Euromaidan, the language issue of Charles de Gaulle at the strengthening of the position of has largely been put on hold. Only Montréal City Hall in 1967. Since French as the official language a couple of positive changes has 1991, the Russian Federation effectively used in practice, been brought about in the new as consistently criticized the as well as the realization of Law “On the higher education” Ukrainian language policies and measures aimed at the promotion which made Ukrainian once forced its own vision of them of bilingualism in all fields. The again the medium of instruction onto the Ukrainian government. policy of official bilingualism has at Ukrainian universities, and Canada’s neighbours do not have overcome a long and winding in the Bill taking effect on 1 language- based territorial claims road. A lot of mistakes were May 2016 “On the civil service” to Canada. Russia annexed the made en route, yet it eventually which obliges the civil servants Crimea, occupied Donbas and yielded significant success. The to know and use Ukrainian while would not miss a chance to seize achievements of bilingualism are performing their duties. However, the rest of Ukraine if it only got absolute. The French Canadians the controversial Yanukovych-era one. International law expert, no longer need to translate the Law “On the principles of the former ambassador in Benelux official documents into English state language policy”, a subject countries, Britain and Ireland, or vice versa. They could easily of relentless criticism of both representative of Ukraine in EU be served in their mother tongue the Western institutions such as and NATO, former judge of the anywhere in Québec, in the the OSCE High Commissioner International Criminal Tribunal federal public institutions and on National Minorities, Venice for the former Yugoslavia Prof. by Crown corporations, receive Commission and Freedom House, Volodymyr Vasylenko expressed provincial and local government and the Ukrainian civil society an opinion, “Since the very first services in certain other regions organizations, the very law that days of Ukrainian independence throughout Canada. Should their provoked the Language Maidan Russia has insisted that language rights be violated, there protests in 2012, suppressed by Ukraine adopt Russian as it’s is always an effective mechanism Yanukovych with the riot police second official language. Why to restore them, including but not and tear gas, remains in force. so? Because Russia considers limited to the complaints to the Yanukovych scrapped practically Russian a geopolitical weapon, Official Languages Commissioner all the meagre achievements of advancement of the Russian in Ottawa and Office québécois the Yushchenko era and they still world. There is no room for an de la langue française in remain scrapped. In Ukraine, independent Ukraine in this Montréal. Most importantly, both there does not exist and has never world.”Canada and Québec the Canadian and Québec society existed a specialized institution decided to protect French even obtained long-expected stability with the sole mandate to inspect though there was no geopolitical and peace. Every Canadian the state of protection of language threat from the United States or province except British Columbia rights, whether of speakers of

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Ukrainian or Russian, develop for us, if we do not care about • Kramar, Oleksandr. ‘Through initiatives for their improvement, losing money to someone who is bilingualism to Russification: how bilingual citizens become Russophone neither on the local nor on the our biggest enemy, how are we [Cherez bilinhvizm do rusyfikatsii: national level. The Department going to survive? Do we care at yak dvomovni hromadiany staiut of Language and Ethno national all about your security? Is not the rosiiskomovnymy].’ Ukrainskyi Tyzhden. 24 April 2012. Policy that functioned within percentage of those who regret • Lakinskyi, Yevhen. ‘Bilingual the Secretariat of President the collapse of the Soviet Union 2 Canada: a history about two solitudes under Yushchenko was abolished times higher among the Russian- [Dvomovna Kanada: istoriia pro dvi by Yanukovych and remains speaking Ukrainians than among samotnosti]’. Ukraina Moloda. Issue 66. 10 April 2010. abolished. The anti-Russification their Ukrainian-speaking fellow • Office of the Commissioner of effort is fueled exclusively citizens? According to Rating Official Languages of Canada. Annual by social activism alone. Group Ukraine, it is. Are not Report 2010-2011: Leadership, Action, Sociolinguist Larysa Masenko those who speak Russian 2.5 Results. 2011. p. III. • Petro, Nicolai. ‘Ukraine’s Ongoing warns that having no policy in times more receptive to the Struggle with Its Russian Identity.’ place to protect Ukrainian and Russian propaganda, 2 times Language Barriers: The Politics of the rights of its speakers benefits more likely to oppose the Identity in Ukraine, China and Canada. World Politics Review. 6 May 2014. the dominant language, Russian. Ukrainian independence and 6 • Petryshyn, Roman. ‘Enacting Oddly enough, Canada protected times – to deny the Holodomor Language Policies on State French when it was in danger being a genocide of the Ukrainian Unilingualism, Regional Bilingualism and thus saved the national unity. people? According to the survey and Individual Trilingualism is Key to Making Modern Ukrainian Citizens’. Ukraine is protecting Russian of the Kyiv International Institute Model Ukraine White Paper Committee while not Russian, but Ukrainian, of Sociology, they are. Surveys Workshop. Verbal presentation from its namesake language, needs conducted on the Euromaidan an unpublished paper. 16 October support, further Russification by Professor Mark Beissinger of 2013. Ottawa, Ontario. • Shevelov, George Y. The Ukrainian may be a source of instability and Princeton in late December and Language in the First Half of the only serve Russia’s interests. early February revealed that 82% Twentieth Century (1900-1941). Its of the protestors communicated State and Status. Harvard University It does matter what language Press, 1989. p. 220. in Ukrainian on the Euromaidan, we speak. Much has been • ‘Sloboda Ukraine’. Katchanovski, not Russian. After all, are we written and said about whether Ivan, et al. Historical Dictionary of so blind to see the correlation Ukraine. Scarecrow Press, 2013. p. it matters whether Ukraine 582. between these two maps? speaks Ukrainian or Russian. • State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In the era of globalization and 2001 Ukrainian Census. Sources: • Statistics Canada. Linguistic mass migration, what makes a • ‘2013 IPA opinion poll results’. Characteristics of Canadians. Fomina, Joanna. Language, Identity, Pole, a Turk, a Ghanaian and a Language, 2011 Census of Population. Politics – the Myth of Two Ukraines. Vietnamese, none of whom has a Ottawa, 2012. p. 11. Institute of Public Affairs. Bertelsmann • Wilson, Andrew. Ukrainian single drop of the German blood, Stiftung. April 2014. p. 6. Nationalismin the 1990s: A Minority but who were born and raised, let • Fryer, Mary Beacock. Bold, Brave, Faith. Cambridge University Press, and Born to Lead: Major General Isaac us say, in the suburbs of Berlin, 1997. p. 158. Brock and the Canadas. Dundurn, German? Is it not the language? • Yavornytsky, Dmytro. History 2004. pp. 14-16. of Zaporizhian Cossacks [Istoriia What defines Franco-Canadians • Government of Ukraine. zaporizkykh kozakiv]. Volume 1 of 3. Integrated State Register of Court and Anglo-Canadians? Is it not Kyiv, 1990–1991. pp. 145-146. the language? Who benefits Decisions. • Gradirovski, Sergei and Neli Oleh Shemetov completed his first financially when Ukrainians Esipova. ‘Russian Language Enjoying CUPP internship in 2011 with Nathan watch TV shows and listen to the a Boost in Post-Soviet States’. Gallup, Cullen, MP for Skee- na–Bulkley Valley, music produced in Russia, read Inc. 1 August 2008. British Columbia. He was selected as one books written in Russia, or surf • Harney, Robert F., Harold M. of two CUPP student coordinators for Troper. Immigrants: A Portrait of the 2016 CUPP program. He will do his the Russian websites on the web? Urban Experience, 1890-1930. Toronto, second internship with the Hon. Chrystia If national identity is empty words 1975. p. 110. Freeland, Minister of International Trade.

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Artem Barabash CUPP 2020 applicant National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”

Ukraine’s New Language Law: International and Domestic Reaction

On 26 April 2019, the media – compared to the Polish law should in no case violate Ukrainian parliament approved one – seems to be more radical principles of the rule of law. On the new law setting out the rules and aggressive, as the Polish the other hand, the Ukrainian to use of the Ukrainian language media neutrally reacts on the language being crippled by in the public sphere, businesses, language law in most cases. centuries of Russification has to media, education, etc. The This can be explained at least by receive the same status as the World Ukrainian Congress the following three reasons: (a) Baltic states received for their applauded this decision due to a Hungarian enclaves in Ukraine national languages. pressing necessity to protect the are larger than those Polish; Der Spiegel, the German Ukrainian language after decades (b) the current Hungarian newspaper, draws attention to and centuries of Russification. semi-authoritarian government the fact that the language law Indeed, Ukraine should protect is consistent in support of has been adopted shortly after its national language, because the Russian Federation and Moscow’s announcement of the challenges of modern society aggressive actions against simplified procedure to issue require improvement of the Ukraine, as well as its territorial Russian passports to citizens in country’s informational security integrity; (c) Polish society, eastern Ukraine. Even though limiting excessive Russian with some exceptions, supports the link between two events is content in the Ukrainian media. Ukraine’s pro-independence not obvious, we may assume that policies following the maxim Questionably, much of the Russia deliberately prepared the “Poland cannot be independent international media commented act of retorsion in advance. without independent Ukraine”. on the language law rather Having regard to more radical negatively. In particular, The Guardian refers to the pro-Russian opinions, Reuters Bloomberg reports that the opinion of the Office of the United draws attention to the statement approval of the new language Nations High Commissioner of Viktor Medvedchuk, a law may deteriorate relations for Human Rights, who stated Ukrainian politician closely with neighbouring Hungary that that a draft version of the related to Vladimir Putin, who supports the Hungarian ethnic language law raised “serious said the language law violated groups living in the Western concerns as to the compatibility the constitutional rights of part of Ukraine. With a reference of certain regulations with millions of Ukrainian Russian- to Hungarian sources, Polityka international human rights speakers. The Telegraph puts Polska, the Polish newspaper, standards, particularly in forward the opinion of the pro- also notices that the language respect to language proficiency Russian parliamentary faction law would discriminate Polish requirements for accessing that regards the language law and Hungarian minorities public office”. This can bring as a very harmful statutory within Ukraine. Generally, about negative consequences act splitting the country. the reaction in the Hungarian for Ukraine, as the language In addition, Russia Today,

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the steamroller of Russian directed by Moscow and its political ambitions of Petro propaganda, unsurprisingly interests. In addition, criticism Poroshenko coincided with considers the language law as toward the language law can the ideas of the protection of isolating Russian-speakers. The be explained by attempts to the Ukrainian language. At the rhetoric of the pro-Russian gain additional popular support same time, implementation of faction and the main pro-Russian in predominantly Russian- the language law is uncertain as propaganda media sources are speaking regions. Volodymyr Zelenskiy, the new suspiciously similar. The reason Even though the pro-Russian president, repeatedly pointed out for this may be that the most faction tried to delay approval of that this statutory act had been of the pro-Russian deputies are the language law, the President passed “without sufficiently former members of the Party of of Ukraine signed it on 15 May wide prior consultation with Regions that have always been 2019. It can be suggested that civil society”.

Mykhaylo Shelemba CUPP 2020 applicant Ukrainian Catholic University

Should Ukraine extend/allow language equality to all minorities?

No, and the reason is value? Is someone suggesting If you breach the principle of not political, but social and that one minority is more equal equality you will be under fire economical. Although the or valuable than other 14? I before the European Court of Russian-speaking community see the critical violation of the Human Rights. That’s certain! is the largest minority group, equality principle here. it is not the only minority By the way, this Hungarians I once spoke to a member of language group in Ukraine. Let’s words proved to be true. As soon Hungarian community about consider some others, such as as Russian language was granted the languages issue, and he told the Hungarian, Polish, Bulgarian, me, that the Hungarian speaking local official language status, the Gagauz speaking minorities (15 in community in Ukraine would same was claimed for Hungarian. total). They have local businesses, fight to obtain the same official And then Romanian, and then schools, communities, etc. language status, that will be Bulgarian Russian for them is irrelevant. granted to Russian language. At And so, what will this lead Why should they carry the every level. And I see his position to? Do we now create 16 state added burden of operating all as a justified demand. You can’t documentation and reporting in give one group special language languages? Sounds fantastical. A st two irrelevant for them languages, status, and ignore the others. modern Tower of Babel in the 21 multiplying the cost of operations That is not how a rule of law century, in the middle of Europe. without any reasonable added state works. Perish the thought!

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SELF-RESPECT, SPEAKING UKRAINIAN & CREATING A BETTER FUTURE

Bohdan VITVITSKY US Department of Justice, New Jersey, USA NEWSLETTER 2016 Delivered at the banquet celebrating the 20th anniversary ISSUE #1 of theChair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto and the 10th anniversary of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program. Toronto. October 28, 2000

I am pleased to be with you change things. Let me give you father: “Tatu, why is it that when at this celebration of the 20th a couple of examples. During a we were in Paris, the French all anniversary of the Chair of private conversation, a Russian spoke French, when we were Ukrainian Studies and the 10th ethnographer told his Ukrainian in Prague, the Czechs all spoke anniversary of the Canada- friend that the trouble with Czech, when we were in Krakow, Ukraine Parliamentary Program. Ukrainians is that they still think the Poles all spoke Polish, but I have prepared my remarks they are a national minority, that here in Kyiv, most Ukrainians principally for our guests from is to say, an oppressed group seem to be speaking Russian?” Ukraine, but I trust that all - they do not behave as though Observation No. 3: During of you will find something of they realized that they now have the last decade, since the end of interest in them. What I would a state. the Cold War, the disintegration like to do this evening is to invite of the Soviet empire, and the you to join me in giving some A prominent Polish commentator, extraordinary explosion in thought to why at this point in Tomasz Jastrun, wrote the the use of computers and the history, we Ukrainians are the following after returning from a Internet, the world has undergone way we are, why we think the trip to Kyiv: “The Ukrainians are dramatic changes. One of the way we do and why we do some so overwhelmed by the thought most important of these is of the things we do. In order to that they have nothing, that that, as never before, nations do this, I am going to ask you to they have not noticed that they today can choose to become reflect upon three different sets have freedom, that everything prosperous. For many centuries of observations. is in their hands. But for them, empty hands is nothing. They the power and wealth of a nation Observation No. 1: A number are waiting for someone to put depended upon things beyond of foreign intellectuals who have something into their hands. But its control, such as location, size traveled in Ukraine during the empty hands do not have to be and natural resources. Today, last several years have remarked a curse - they can also be an however, the standard of living on the strong sense of political opportunity.” in Singapore, Taiwan or Finland apathy, inertia and passivity is much, much higher than it is that one feels in Ukraine - the Observation No. 2: A 10-year- in Russia or China. As Michael apparent conviction that many old Ukrainian American boy is Porter, a Harvard University contemporary Ukrainians seem traveling throughout Europe for Business School professor, has to have that nothing can be the first time with his father. explained: “A nation’s wealth done to change things, and that After several days in Kyiv, he is [now] principally of its own there’s no point in even trying to scratches his head and asks his collective choosing. Location,

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natural resources and even difference whether we speak Is it because when some of us military might are no longer Ukrainian or Russian. spoke Ukrainian in Ukraine, we decisive. Instead, how a nation were told by our Russian friends Ladies and gentlemen, young and its citizens choose to organize “gavarite cheloviecheskim yazykom”? brothers and sisters from Ukraine, and manage the economy, the it matters a great deal whether Stop and think for a minute. institutions they put in place we speak Ukrainian or Russian. Does it make any kind of sense to and the types of investments Why? Well, to begin with, it say that one language is superior they individually and collectively is normal for people to speak to another? How can the language choose to make willdetermine their own language. As even the of my nation be superior or inferior national prosperity.” 10-year-old boy about whom I to the language of your nation? You may be sitting there and spoke could not help but notice, It’s something like saying that a thinking to yourselves, OK, we in Paris the French speak French, child should recognize a mother know that we Ukrainians seem in Prague the Czechs speak Czech, not on the basis of who gave that immobilized by our own lack of in Warsaw and Krakow the Poles child birth but on the basis of confidence about our being able speak Polish, and, of course, in which woman is the youngest or to bring about any change; many Moscow and St. Petersburg, the most beautiful or the wealthiest. of us speak Russian rather than Russians speak Russian. Languages are not interchangeable Ukrainian; and, all of us may now Furthermore, is there any as if they were nails or screws. be living in a new era in which, Russian in Moscow or St. Each language has imbedded in in contrast to the way things have Petersburg who thinks that it it a particular view of the world, always been, if people collectively a certain set of cognitive values would be “vsio ravno” if Russians choose to make wise decisions spoke Russian or some other and attitudes.Some poets have as regards the organization of language? I don’t think so. The suggested that a language is or government and the economy, Russians worship their language. reflects a nation’s soul. How is it it may be possible to live in Are there any Poles who think it that we have allowed the Russians a rosperous, well-ordered would be “vsio ravno” if Poles spoke to convince us to be indifferent to country. But what, if any, is the Polish or some other language? I our own language? relationship among these three don’t think so either.The Poles Some of you may still be sets of observations? also worship their own language. unconvinced. You may be thinking Let me suggest some to you. Are there any Frenchmen who that the Ukrainian situation is Let me begin with the issue of think it would be “vsio ravno” different. You may be thinking language. Why is it that, nine if the French spoke French or that it is, of course, true that years after independence, so some other language? If any of the Russians, both under the many of us speak Russian? you know anything about the tsars and the Soviets, artificially Why is it that so many seem to French, you know that the answer constrained the use and perhaps continue to think that it doesn’t is obviously not. How is it, then, the development of the Ukrainian make much differ ence what that we Ukrainians were fooled language, and that this may have language we speak? Why is it that into thinking that of all of the been a crime of imperialism, but so many seem to have accepted peoples in the world and allof the today, the fact of the matter is that languages in the world, it only was the view, long propounded by Russian has a larger vocabulary or “vsio ravno” whether Ukrainian or our Russian friends, that “eto a more modern vocabulary and, Russian was spoken in Ukraine? Is vsio ravno” whether it is Russian therefore, perhaps it really isn’t so it because we were told and taught or Ukrainian that is spoken in bad if Ukrainians use Russian. that Ukrainian was somehow Ukraine? inferior to Russian? Is it because If you’re still thinking that, let But perhaps we ought to we were told that somehow me direct your attention to two begin with the more elementary Russian was a more universal examples that should convince question of whether it is really language, and Ukrainian a local you, once and for all, that a true that it doesn’t make any language? normal nation does not trade its

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own language in for another one, Nonetheless, the future Ukraine, treated as some sort of for the same reason that a normal Israelis decided that it should subversion. What would, in the human being does not trade his be Hebrew - not English, not rest of the world, be considered or her mother in for another German and not French - that a normal desire to develop one’s one, just because the other one should be the official and own culture was, in Ukraine, is younger or better looking or everyday language of Israel. treated as a manifestation of richer. What is today the Czech And so they adopted Hebrew, bourgeois nationalism. What Republic was until the end of modernized it, developed a would, in the rest of the world, World War I a part of the Austro- terminology for all branches of be considered a normal desire Hungarian Empire. For a long knowledge, and it became the to speak, read and write in one’s time in Prague and in the other normally functioning language own language was, in Ukraine, Czech cities, German was the of the Israelis in all spheres of treated as an exercise in some language of prestige spoken by life. And not just the Israelis. inferior medium, and so on. most. German was the language A week ago I was in Miami Second, we allowed ourselves of Goethe, Schiller, Kant, Hegel and I heard advertisements on to internalize the inferiority and so on. Kafka, a native of the radio for Hebrew lessons. complex that the Russians have Prague, wrote in German, not The advertisements said, come been feeding us for decades Czech. Czech was considered the and learn the language of the reaching into centuries. How language of Czech peasants and Jewish people, come learn the else can one understand how it was held in great contempt. language of the Jewish soul. If is possible for us Ukrainians to it was obvious to 700,000 or voluntarily speak the language Yet, the patriotic among the 800,000 Jews in Israel that they of those who for centuries have Czechs resolved to speak Czech should revive a dead language, tried to make us disappear? instead of German, so that when modernize it and adopt it for Those who for decades reaching Czecho-Slovakia came into official and daily use because it into centuries have treated us existence at the end of World was the language of their people, with contempt? Those who have War I, most people in Prague the language of their ancestors, murdered or caused the murder spoke Czech, not German. Why why hasn’t it been obvious to of millions of our countrymen is it that what was obvious to tens of millions of us Ukrainians and women? Those who even the Czechs as to what should that Ukrainian should be our to his day deny that we are be done has not been obvious language? a nation? Those who to this to us today? A more telling Let me suggest at least two day cannot bring themselves example is provided by the use reasons. First, one of the greatest to create a single program of of Hebrew in Israel. When Israel triumphs of Russian cultural and Ukrainian studies at a single one became an independent state in intellectual imperialism was of their many universities? And 1948, it contained some 700,000 to convince us that what was those who lied to us and taught to 800,000 Jews. They spoke normal for others was abnormal us to lie to ourselves, about our various languages, among them for us Ukrainians, and that it was history, about who our heroes Yiddish and English. Yet, even OK that what was abnormal for really were, who we really were, before independence, they had others was normal in Ukraine. and so on? all agreed that Hebrew should become their official language. The normal desire for at least Our failure to understand What is remarkable is that at some Ukrainians simply to be that we should be speaking the beginning of the 20th century Ukrainian was denounced as Ukrainian and why it is obvious Hebrew was a dead language. a manifestation of “Ukrainian that we should be doing so is a That is, no one, except for the particularism.” What would, reflection of a lack of national rabbis who used it in religious in the rest of the world, be self-respect. This lack of self- ceremonies, spoke it. considered a normal interest respect and self-confidence is in one’s own history was, in important because it breeds in

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us the national passivity and countries may have a much selfrespect and self-confidence? inertia that I spoke about at the greater opportunity to choose Let me suggest to you that in beginning of my address to you, national prosperity and well- the recent past, there once lived this inability to understand that being. a tribe of Ukrainians that in fact independence is an opportunity, possessed a full complement of It is always harmful to lack an opportunity to begin building national self-respect and self- national self-respect and self- and creating a normal country, confidence. That tribe was called confidence, because such a state normal politically, culturally and Halychany. They lived in what are of affairs twists and contorts the economically. Am I suggesting to today the three oblasts of Lviv, national psyche and may lead to you that if we all begin to speak Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil. wrong choices and actions. But if Ukrainian rather than Russian, The people about whom I am we are indeed living in a new era, everything would magically speaking lived between the end and I think that we are, an era become OK? That the economy of the 19th century and the first in which it is possible to choose would instantly revive? That half of the 20th century. national prosperity and well- foreign investments would pour being, then a lack of self-respect The people about whom I am in? Of course not. Language is and self-confidence is positively speaking were a comparatively not some magic talisman. But it fatal. small tribe and, except for a does serve as a kind of barometer small intelligentsia, most of of national mental health. If, like Our own lack of self respect them were peasants and most the first Israelis who embraced and self confidence will be a self- of them were poor. Yet, despite Hebrew, we had immediately fulfilling prophecy. Since we are all this, and despite having lost embraced Ukrainian, we would confused about who we are, we a war for Halychyna to Poland have done so because we would lack national self-confidence. at the end of World War I, and have exhibited the same kind of Because we lack national self- despite having to live during the self-respect and self-confidence confidence, we are convinced Great Depression, and despite regarding who we are and why that we are powerless to change having to survive two years of what is ours must be cherished. things. Because we don’t even Soviet occupation, three years If we had the same self-respect try to change anything, nothing of Nazi occupation and then a and self-confidence that the first is changed, except by others second Soviet occupation, they Israelis had, we would not now for their benefit. And because were full of national self-respect be overwhelmed by the thought nothing is changed, that further and self-confidence. They knew that we have nothing, that we confirms our conviction that that they were Ukrainians, and are powerless, that nothing can nothing can be changed and even though some of them who be done and that nothing can be that we are powerless to effect graduated from gymnasiums changed. change. spoke five or six languages, there I have thus far suggested to Ask yourselves, how and why was never any doubt among any you how the Ukrainian language was it possible for 700,000 to of them that Ukrainian was their use issue may have a connection 800,000 Israelis to build such a primary and mother tongue. to the current mood of social and strong state on a dessert while The Halychany of the first half political helplessness in Ukraine surrounded by tens of millions of the 20th century disagreed today. Let me now suggest to you of enemies? There are many with one another about various how those two issues may relate answers to this question, but I issues; they fought with one to the third observation that I would suggest to you that the another and in some extreme spoke about earlier, namely, the most important of them was and instances, they even killed each observation that we may today is a very strong sense of Jewish other for political reasons. There be living in a very different world selfrespect and self-confidence. were among them socialists, from the one that existed for Is it possible for Ukrainians to democrats and nationalists. centuries, because in this world develop a similar kind of national But the one remarkable feature

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that they all shared in common study in Vienna and so on. The Shcho za doliu milioniv was the fiercely held belief that point of speaking to you about Mayesh daty ty odvit. they could make a difference. the Halychany was simply to Ladies and gentlemen, young And boy, did they ever make remind you that it is possible brothers and sisters. Those a difference! They made a for Ukrainians to possess full of us who are here today are difference at the beginning of the national self-respect and self- among the privileged, in terms 20th century by forging voting confidence under all kinds of of education, in terms of what and political coalitions with difficult circumstances. Ladies we’ve had an opportunity to Jews in the Austro-Hungarian and gentlemen, young brothers see, learn and experience. We all Parliament; by forming the and sisters, let me begin to have an obligation to apply that Sichovi Striltsi [Ukrainian Sich conclude by reminding you about privilege towards some good. Riflemen] to fight for Ukrainian what two of our most precious independence; by forming the Ukrainian geniuses tried to teach Ladies and gentlemen, young OUN [Organization of Ukrainian us. The first quotation relates brothers and sisters, let’s take Nationalists] to fight Polish directly to our discussion about what Taras Shevchenko and domination; by forming the UPA language: Ivan Franko – two of the wisest [Ukrainian Insurgent Army] to and most wonderful teachers Uchitesia braty moyi, fight the Soviets and Nazis; by that any nation has ever been dumaite, chytaite, revitalizing the North American fortunate to have – have tried I chuzhomu nauchaites diaspora and helping to keep the to teach us, and let’s go out and Svoho ne tsuraites idea of an independent Ukraine make a difference. Let’s go out alive - even at a time when That means, ladies and and make the two of them proud everyone in the United States gentlemen, having the self- of us. Let’s go out and make the and Canada told them that there respect to speak our own kind of difference that will make was no such thing as Ukraine, language. our children and grand-children that it was all Russia. proud of us. Taras Shevchenko also tried to I have not spoken to you teach us that: An Italian American priest about the Halychany of the first named Father Gino Baroni Strashno vpasty u kaidany, half of the last century in order once made a very important Umyrat v nevoli, to draw invidious or critical observation. He said that the A sche hirshe - spaty, spaty, comparisons between them two most valuable things we I spaty na voli... and us today. No, that was not can teach our children are that the point at all. The Halychany But isn’t that exactly what we they have roots and that they were the way they were because are doing today when we become can reach for the sky. Ladies of a whole host of political and paralyzed by our own lack of and gentlemen, let’s not let our historical circumstances, such as self-confidence and self-respect, roots rot away from neglect. It is the luck they had in living in the y our lack of conviction that we not “vsio ravno”. And, ladies and comparatively progressive and can make a difference? gentlemen, let’s not be afraid to enlightened Austro-Hungarian reach for the Ukrainian sky no And lastly, Ivan Franko tried to empire, the luck they had in matter how temporarily cloudy teach us that: it being possible for some or overcast it may sometimes of their brightest sons, such Kozhnyi dumaj scho na tobi seem to be. as Ivan Franko, to travel and Milioniv stan stoiit

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FAREWELL DINNER NEWSLETTER 2012 SPEECH 2016 Andrei ZAVIALOV ISSUE #1 Specialist Degree in Region Studies, Irkutsk State University; Currently the 1st year student of the Master Programme “European Studies”, University of Latvia; 2012 Intern to Peggy Nash, MP for Parkdale–High Park, Ontario; 2012 Anne Mazurenko Scholarship recipient

У цей день, в день української Програми в побутових розмовах сказав: «Ти знаєш, Андрію, це писемності та мови, я до вас я спілкуюсь зі всіма українською дуже дивно, і це прикольно, звертатимусь українською мовою, крім наших грузинських що москаль заохочує українців мовою, друзі. Для мене, як для друзів – з ними російською. Тут, спілкуватися українською. Це людини, для якої рідною є в Канаді, я взагалі мало спілкуюся вже просто щось». А одна моя російська мова, сьогодні валиво російською, навіть незважаючи знайома з Москви почувши, як я донести повідомлення з закликом на те, що деякі наші хлопці та розмовляю українською, сказала зберігати українську мову. Я, як дівчата з України спілкуються (даю переклад з російської на єдиний викладач української зі мною російською. І я не кажу, українську): «Я жодного слова не мови в місті Іркутську, закликаю що це погано, бо я поважаю свою зрозуміла з то го, що ти сказав, вас – бережіть її, розвивайте її, рідну мову. Я просто звертаюсь але яка ж гарна українська мова, спілкуйтесь нею. Я почав вчити до вас – спілкуйтеся українською, так би і слухала її все своє життя». українську в 14 років, самостійно, розвивайте її, бороніть її, бо мова - Пане Ігорю, я дуже Вам у нас в родині тільки прабабуся це наш чинник, це те, що відрізняє вдячний, що Ви мені дали трішки спілкується українською. нас від інших, це те, навколо можливість доторкнутися до Може мене потягнуло в той чого справді можуть українці західного світу, подивитися, як час до рідних коренів чи що, гуртуватися та може Україна люди живуть тут. Надзвичайно я не знаю. Але я абсолютно не будуватися. І це дуже важливо важливо те, що Ви робите – шкодую про те, що я її навчив – спілкуватися українською. Ви даєте молоді можливість та спілкуюся нею зі всіма вами. Я Навіть якщо у вас російськомовне подивитися на те, як можна жити, викладаю українську вже третій оточення в Україні – українською як можна будувати стосунки між рік поспіль, мені зараз 22 роки, не буде шкідливо поговорити людьми, будувати суспільний і курси української в нашому хоча б просто для тренування. Я устрій, будувати добробут. Після місті проводяться безкоштовно. завжди як приїжджаю в Україну цього досвіду, я думаю, що ми всі Це таке своєрідне волонтерство. – то розмовляю з місцевими зрозуміємо, яким чином можна Мені цікаво вчити людей мешканцями українською навести лад у себе вдома, у себе в українській. Хай у нас і небагато мовою, і байдуже мені якою місті, у себе в країні. Бо не треба ходить на ті курси (порядку 6-8 мовою вони мені відповідають. вигадувати велосипед знову, осіб щорічно), але це вже щось. Це такий мій принцип – якщо треба просто подивитися, як він Ми виписуємо підручники я в Україні – то виключно робиться, і зробити велосипед з України з міста Львова, з українською. Звісно, там, у для себе, та- кий, щоб тобі було Інституту зі зв’язків з діаспорою нас, в далекому Сибіру ніяких зручно на ньому їхати. Цей досвід при Львівській політехніці. Але перешкод проти української не зали шиться зі мною на все моє по я отримую від того моральне робиться і мені завжди є з ким дальше життя. Пане Ігорю, дуже задоволення – що я даю людям важливо продовжувати програму можливість доторкнутися до нею поговорити, з певними і після 2015 р., бо йде дуже цікаве України, трішки зрозуміти, що людь ми з нашого Українського нове покоління, і там є теж над таке – Україна. Я дуже радий, що культурного центру. Але іноді чим працювати. Я бажаю Вам у нас є люди, які хочуть дізнатися, нахлинає нестерпне бажання здоров’я, щастя, всіляких успіхів хто вони є, хочуть навчити мову чути та розмовляти українською. та любові – Многая літа! своїх бабусь та дідусів, бо вчать її Ви, напевно, це зрозумієте, просто для себе, бо подобається. коли або мігруєте кудись, Коментар: в 2013-2014 навчальному або поїдете в довготривалу році до нас прийшла рекордна кількість бажаючих вчити українську – аж 56 осіб. Також під час Канадсько- подорож чи на навчання. Один Української Парляментарної Звісно, далеко не всі дійшли до кінця. Але мій друг з Києва якось мені це вже для нас своєрідна планка. 81 CUPP NEWSLETTER ISSUE #2

CANADA-PHILIPPINES INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

I began my 2019 Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary similar professional aspirations and personal desires. Program (CUPP) internship on Parliament Hill in the Filipinos as well as Ukrainians want to eliminate Ioffice of Kevin Lamoureux, MP for Winnipeg North, government corruption, which deters important Manitoba. Kevin has hosted Ukrainian Interns for democratic changes. As well today’s youth are the past several years. working towards creating an informed and involved citizenry and the emergence of an accountable During my first meeting with him, Kevin said that political elite. a few years ago he had not considered participating in an international student exchange program in the As we know, pioneers always face predictable House of Commons until being introduced to the and unpredictable challenges. Interns who take on CUPP program. these pioneering challenges are tasked with building bridges of communication, forming the image of the Today there are four interns in Kevin`s office internship program and laying the foundations for from three different countries, Ukraine, USA and further cooperation with Members of Parliament. the Philippines. The latter one is the newest country This year 12 Canadian youth representatives of with an internship in the Canadian Parliament. Filipino Heritage are the pioneers upon whom the Indeed, at a time when French, American, Canadian further success of their program will depend. And and Ukrainian interns have been on Parliament Hill they face a multifaceted task - not only to gain for decades, the Filipino program has appeared only experience in the Parliament of one of the world’s this year. most successfully established democracies, but also The Canadian Philippine Internship Program is to do everything possible to ensure the success of the initiative of Kevin Lamoureux MP for Winnipeg this program in the future. North, a city that is home to more than 77,000 What can help the Philippine program evolve? Filipinos. According to Mr. Lamoureux almost 30 One example is the beneficial cooperation between years of success of the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary the CUPP Interns and MPs offices over the past 29 Program (CUPP), gave him the inspiration and years. The fruits of this cooperation can be seen motivation to consider creating a similar internship in the results in Ukraine’s government. CUPP has program for Filipino youth. Mr. Lamoureux is very graduated two Cabinet Ministers, several Deputy optimistic about the prospects for the Filipino Ministers, NGO leaders and several MPs. All are program, as he believes this program will allow champions of fighting government corruption young Filipinos to gain important life-changing inherited by Ukraine from the soviet-era. It can be experience and become change-makers in Canada expected that Filipino youth upon their completion of and the Philippines. As well as their performance the program can become prominent decision-makers will benefit Canada’s Filipino community. and change-makers in their own communities. Ukrainian and Filipino interns have much more in common than it might seem. Despite 9000 km

between our countries, and different cultures, Written by Maksym Dzhyhun, languages and religious beliefs we do have very CUPP 2019 Intern to Kevin Lamoureux, Winnipeg North, Manitoba

82 CUPP 2019 interns together with interns from Canada-Philippines Interparliamentary Program which is created based on CUPP long-time experience, Central Block, Ottawa.

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