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Strengthening Canadian Engagement in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

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Strengthening Canadian Engagement in Eastern Europe and Central Asia STRENGTHENING CANADIAN ENGAGEMENT IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA UZBEKISTAN 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION Hon. Robert D. Nault Chair NOVEMBER 2017 Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION The proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees are hereby made available to provide greater public access. The parliamentary privilege of the House of Commons to control the publication and broadcast of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees is nonetheless reserved. All copyrights therein are also reserved. Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. The absolute privilege that applies to the proceedings of the House of Commons does not extend to these permitted reproductions. Where a reproduction includes briefs to a Standing Committee of the House of Commons, authorization for reproduction may be required from the authors in accordance with the Copyright Act. Nothing in this permission abrogates or derogates from the privileges, powers, immunities and rights of the House of Commons and its Committees. For greater certainty, this permission does not affect the prohibition against impeaching or questioning the proceedings of the House of Commons in courts or otherwise. The House of Commons retains the right and privilege to find users in contempt of Parliament if a reproduction or use is not in accordance with this permission. Also available on the House of Commons website at the following address: www.ourcommons.ca STRENGTHENING CANADIAN ENGAGEMENT IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development Hon. Robert D. Nault Chair NOVEMBER 2017 42nd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION NOTICE TO READER Reports from committee presented to the House of Commons Presenting a report to the House is the way a committee makes public its findings and recommendations on a particular topic. Substantive reports on a subject-matter study usually contain a synopsis of the testimony heard, the recommendations made by the committee, as well as the reasons for those recommendations. STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAIR Hon. Robert D. Nault VICE-CHAIRS Hélène Laverdière Hon. Erin O’Toole MEMBERS Ziad Aboultaif Michael Levitt Omar Alghabra Raj Saini Celina Caesar-Chavannes Jati Sidhu Matt DeCourcey Anita Vandenbeld Garnett Genuis Borys Wrzesnewskyj Hon. Andrew Leslie OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WHO PARTICIPATED Dean Allison Tom Kmiec Jennifer O’Connell René Arseneault Guy Lauzon Yves Robillard Robert Aubin Paul Lefebvre Wayne Stetski Ali Ehsassi John McKay Marwan Tabbara Peter Fragiskatos Ron McKinnon Dean Vandal Hon. Peter Kent Marc Miller Hon. Peter Van Loan iii CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE Angela Crandall LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT Parliamentary Information and Research Service Brian Hermon James Lee Scott McTaggart Natalie Mychajlyszyn iv THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT has the honour to present its THIRTEENTH REPORT Pursuant to its mandate under Standing Order 108(2), the Committee has studied the Situation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 25 Years After the End of the Cold War and has agreed to report the following: v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................. 1 STRENGTHENING CANADIAN ENGAGEMENT IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA .............................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 REGIONAL STABILITY AND MUTUAL TRUST ...................................................................... 4 A. Competing Regional Interests between the West and Russia ............................ 6 B. Information Warfare .......................................................................................................... 9 C. Promoting Regional Stability and Mutual Trust ................................................... 10 DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION ............................................................................................ 14 A. Social and Ethnic Cleavages .......................................................................................... 18 B. Changing Political Leadership ..................................................................................... 19 C. Supporting Democratic Consolidation ..................................................................... 20 COMMERCIAL PARTNERSHIPS ............................................................................................... 22 A. Expanding Canadian Commercial Partnerships ................................................... 26 A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH ............................................................................................ 30 A. Ensuring a Comprehensive Approach to Canadian Engagement .................. 32 Appendix A: List of witnesses ................................................................................................................. 35 Appendix B: List of briefs ......................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix C: Travel to Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Poland .............................................. 39 Request for government response ....................................................................................................... 49 vii LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS As a result of their deliberations committees may make recommendations which they include in their reports for the consideration of the House of Commons or the Government. Recommendations related to this study are listed below. Recommendation 1 The Government of Canada should continue its sanctions against Russian and post-annexation Crimean officials, those responsible for the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, as well as those involved in the abduction and illegal show trials of Ukrainian citizens in Russia and Crimean Tatars and others within Crimea. The Government of Canada should also engage with the Russian government on the need to respect international law and Ukraine’s sovereignty. ................................... 13 Recommendation 2 The Government of Canada should continue to support multilateral efforts, including through the OSCE, NATO, the UN and other international organizations, to bring about a resolution to Russia’s military invasion and illegal annexation of Crimean territory and logistical and military support for the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. In support of this objective, the Government of Canada should continue its commitment to Operation UNIFIER. ............................................................ 14 Recommendation 3 The Government of Canada should continue to ensure that Canadian international assistance to Ukraine benefits the most vulnerable populations in the country, particularly the indigenous Crimean Tatars, and those who have been internally displaced by the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine and the illegal annexation of Crimea. .................................................................................................... 14 Recommendation 4 The Government of Canada should work with its allies in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and elsewhere to improve collective defence mechanisms against cyberattacks, as well as proactively monitor disinformation campaigns and develop counter measures to minimize damage inflicted by information warfare. This should include continued financial and personnel support for the NATO Centres of Excellence for Co-operative Cyber Defence (Estonia) and for Strategic Communications (Latvia). .............................................................................................. 14 1 Recommendation 5 The Government of Canada should continue to show leadership on security issues by ongoing deployments through Operation REASSURANCE, including air policing in Eastern Europe and the Enhanced Forward Presence battlegroups in the Baltics and Poland. ................................................................................................................... 14 Recommendation 6 The Government of Canada should work with the Canadian business community to engage with government officials, civil society and business leaders in all countries that were adversely affected by Soviet occupation and control on best practices to combat corruption in both the public and private sectors. ........................... 15 Recommendation 7 The Government of Canada should build on existing multilateral and bilateral efforts that support the enhancement of democratic values, good governance, participatory democracy, the rule of law, and social inclusion
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