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Trabajo Fin De Grado FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN -CENTRO DE FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO- Grado en Maestro en Educación Infantil Trabajo Fin de Grado LA ROBÓTICA EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Realidades y limitaciones Estudiante: Paula Galán Cruz Tutor: Nicolás Garrote Escribano Madrid, junio de 2016 Edición 2015-2016 La robótica en Educación Infantil. Realidades y limitaciones Tabla de contenidos RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 4 PALABRAS CLAVE ............................................................................................................................. 4 KEY WORDS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Justificación e interés del tema ................................................................................................. 5 1.2. Vinculación del tema elegido con las competencias del Grado ..................................... 5 1.3. Estructura .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. OBJETIVOS DEL TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO ........................................................................ 6 2.1. Objetivos generales ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Objetivos específicos ..................................................................................................................... 7 3. LA ROBÓTICA EN LA EDUCACIÓN: PRESENTE Y FUTURO ........................................... 7 3.1. Marco Teórico .................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.1. Concepto de robótica .................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2. Concepto de inteligencia artificial ......................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3. Historia de la robótica ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.4. Historia de la inteligencia artificial .................................................................................................... 13 3.1.5. Lenguaje de programación: el idioma de los robots ................................................................... 14 3.1.6. Proyectos robóticos .................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.7. La robótica como recurso del aprendizaje ...................................................................................... 19 3.1.8. Organización de una clase con robótica ........................................................................................... 23 3.1.9. Aplicaciones de la robótica .................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.10. Neuroeducación ...................................................................................................................................... 34 3.2. Centro de interés implementado con robótica: El barrio ............................................. 36 3.2.1. Justificación.................................................................................................................................................. 36 3.2.2. Concepto y dimensión educativa de los centros de interés ..................................................... 36 3.2.3. Objetivos didácticos y contenidos ...................................................................................................... 40 3.2.4. Principios metodológicos ....................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.5. Actividades/sesiones ............................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.6. Evaluación .................................................................................................................................................... 69 4. REFLEXIÓN CRÍTICA.............................................................................................................. 73 4.1. Limitaciones del trabajo ........................................................................................................... 73 2 La robótica en Educación Infantil. Realidades y limitaciones 4.2. Viabilidad del proyecto ............................................................................................................. 76 4.3. Aportación personal ................................................................................................................... 77 4.4. Vinculación del tema elegido con las competencias del Grado .................................. 77 5. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ....................................................................................... 81 6. INDICES ...................................................................................................................................... 85 6.1. Índice de tablas y figuras .......................................................................................................... 85 6.2. Índice analítico ............................................................................................................................. 86 6.3. Índice de autoridades ................................................................................................................ 87 7. ANEXOS ...................................................................................................................................... 91 7.1. Anexo 1. Hello, hello, what’s your name? ............................................................................ 91 7.2. Anexo 2. Old McDonal had a farm .......................................................................................... 91 7.3. Anexo 3. Walking in the jungle ............................................................................................... 92 7.4. Anexo 4. Fotos de la actividad ................................................................................................. 92 3 La robótica en Educación Infantil. Realidades y limitaciones RESUMEN ¿Qué es la robótica?, ¿qué es un robot?, ¿está la robótica lista para introducirse en un aula? Estas y otras preguntas son las que se intentará dar respuesta a lo largo de este trabajo. Con ello se pretende realizar un análisis de la robótica aplicada al ámbito de la Educación Infantil, comenzando con algunas de las preguntas presentadas anteriormente. Nos introduciremos en el mundo de la robótica, conociendo su historia y algunos de los proyectos aplicados al ámbito infantil, tanto para trabajar las distintas áreas del currículo con estas máquinas, como la aplicación de la robótica para mejorar la calidad de vida de aquellos que presentan un problema en su desarrollo. Para ello se propondrá una serie de actividades donde veremos los puntos fuertes y los puntos débiles de varios robots que se encuentran en desarrollo o en el mercado. Por lo que de igual forma conoceremos los límites que presenta el campo de la robótica tras su inclusión en un aula. ABSTRACT What is robotics? What is a robot? Is robotics ready to be deployed at schools? This project will try to answer these and other questions. The purpose is to analyse the robotics field applied to Pre-school Education, starting with some of the questions presented above. We will dive into the world of robotics, by knowing his history and some of the projects developed for the Pre-school education to work in every area of the curriculum but also to improve the quality of life of those who have a problem in their development. To achieve this, there will be a series of activities where we will review every strong point and weak point of some robots currently available in the market. Similarly, we will review the limits that has the field of robotics after being deployed in schools. PALABRAS CLAVE Robótica, centro de interés, desarrollo estándar, déficit, niños KEY WORDS Robotics, centre of interest, standard development, deficit, children 4 La robótica en Educación Infantil. Realidades y limitaciones 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Justificación e interés del tema La robótica es un ámbito que en los últimos años ha sufrido un gran avance a nivel científico. Pocas son las noticias que nos llegan acerca de los avances en el campo de la robótica, aunque no nos extraña que cada vez existan más juguetes robóticos con los que los niños interactúen y se diviertan, pero ¿sería capaz un robot de ayudar en su aprendizaje a un niño? Este es el objetivo de este trabajo, conocer las posibilidades de actuación de un robot en el aula. El interés que suscita este tema se debe a que, si se indaga un poco, aparecen investigaciones sobre el uso de la robótica tanto para niños como adultos, lo que hace pensar en el empleo de la robótica como una ayuda o un conocimiento
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