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Complete Dissertation VU Research Portal Maxillofacial fractures associated with accidents Ruslin, Muhammad 2019 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Ruslin, M. (2019). Maxillofacial fractures associated with accidents: Epidemiology and consequences. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Maxillofacial Fractures Associated with Accidents: Maxillofacial Fractures AssociatedMaxillofa cwithial F rAccidents:actures EpidemiologyAssociated and wit hConsequences Accidents: Epidemiology and Consequences Epidemiology and Consequences - Muhammad Ruslin MUHAMMAD RUSLIN MaxillofacialMaxillofacial fractures fractures associated with accidents: EpidemiologyEpidemiology and consequences Muhammad Ruslin The studies presented in this thesis were performed at the departement of Oral and MaxillofacialThe studies presented in this thesis were performed at the departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center / Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA),Surgery, VU University Medical Center / Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Financial support for publication of this thesis was provided by : Financial support for publication of this thesis was provided by : Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Cover design : M. Ruslin Cover design :: M. Ruslin Layout design : Asyraf Afif Alfian, M. Ruslin Layout design : Asyraf: Asyraf Afif Alfian, M. Ruslin Designer : van der Linden Grafische Dienstverlening Designer : van: van der Linden Grafische Dienstverlening Printer by : van der Linden Grafische Dienstverlening PrintedPrinter byby : van: van der Linden Grafische Dienstverlening door ISBN : 978-90-90313970-9 ISBN :: 978978-90-9031397-9-90-90313970-9 Muhammad Ruslin Copyright 2018, M. Ruslin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Copyright 2018,2018, M. Ruslin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands geboren te Pangkajene, Indonesië All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anyAll rights reserved. No partpart of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage andmeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from the author. retrieval system, without prior permission fromfrom thethe author.author. VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Maxillofacial fractures associated with accidents: Epidemiology and consequences ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, of gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Tandheelkunde op maandag 14 januari 2019 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 doordoor Muhammad Ruslin geboren te Pangkajene, Indonesië geboren te Pangkajene, Indonesië promotor: prof.dr. T. Forouzanfar promotor : prof.dr. T. Forouzanfar copromotoren: prof.dr. D.B Tuinzing copromotoren: prof.dr. D.B Tuinzing dr. P. Boffano dr. P. Boffano promotiecommissie: prof.dr. D. Wismeijer prof.dr. E.A.J.M. Schulten prof.dr. B.J. van Royen prof.dr. Y.Y. Harmas dr. E.M. van Cann paranimfen: Diandra Sabrina Natsir Kalla Faqi Nurdiansyah Hendra Contents Chapter 1 : General introduction 1 Chapter 2 : Maxillofacial fractures associated with motor vehicle accidents: a 11 review of the current literature Chapter 3 : Motor-vehicle accidents related maxillofacial injuries: a multicenter 21 and prospective study Chapter 4 : Maxillofacial fractures associated with sport injuries: a review of the 33 current literature Chapter 5 : Sport-related maxillofacial fractures 45 Chapter 6 : Sport related maxillofacial fractures: a multicenter and prospective 55 study Allah will exalt those who believe among you, and those who have Allah will exalt those who believe among you, and those who have Chapter 7 : Dental trauma in association with maxillofacial fractures; 69 knowledge, to high ranks. knowledge, to high ranks. an epidemiological study Al-Mujaadilah 11 Al-Mujaadilah 11 Chapter 8 : The Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS) and Facial Injury 82 Severity Scale (FISS) as a predictor brain injury with maxillofacial fractures patients Chapter 9 : The use of neuron-specific enolase to predict brain injury in 91 motorcycle crash patients with maxillofacial fractures: a pilot study Chapter 10 : The influence of helmet on the prevention of maxillofacial fractures 101 sustained during motorcycle accidents Chapter 11 : Summary, General discussion and Conclussion 111 Chapter 12 : Samenvatting 123 Acknowledgements 131 List of publications 137 Curriculum vitae 143 Contents Chapter 1 : General introduction 1 Chapter 2 : Maxillofacial fractures associated with motor vehicle accidents: a 11 review of the current literature Chapter 3 : Motor-vehicle accidents related maxillofacial injuries: a multicenter 2211 and prospective study Chapter 4 : Maxillofacial fractures associated with sport injuries: a review of the 3333 current literature Chapter 5 : Sport-related maxillofacial fractures 4455 Chapter 6 : Sport related maxillofacial fractures: a multicenter and prospective 5555 study Chapter 7 : Dental trauma in association with maxillofacial fractures; 69 an epidemiological study Chapter 8 : The Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS) and Facial Injury 8281 Severity Scale (FISS) as a predictor brain injury with maxillofacial fractures patients Chapter 9 : The use of neuron-specific enolase to predict brain injury in 9911 motorcycle crash patients with maxillofacial fractures: a pilot study Chapter 10 : The influence of helmet on the prevention of maxillofacial fractures 101 sustained during motorcycle accidents Chapter 11 : Summary, General discussion and Conclussion 111111 Chapter 12 : Samenvatting 123 Acknowledgements 131131 List of publications 137137 Curriculum vitae 143143 Chapter 1 General Introduction ͳ General Introduction Maxillofacial fracture is defined as any physical insult caused to the face. It occurs quite commonly after trauma and is often encountered in emergency medicine. If not properly managed, it can negatively influence patients’ psychosocial and functional activities. Due to the specificity of this anatomical region, maxillofacial injuries are serious clinical issues: it is in this region that the crucial organs are placed and the digestive and respiratory systems begin. For this reason, injuries in this part of the body are regarded as serious dysfunctions. Maxillofacial injuries have various causes: traffic accidents, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. They can be isolated or combined with other injuries. Thorough knowledge and understanding of the epidemiology and consequences of these injuries is fundamental to the development of health services and the adoption of new methods for preventing injuries.1-11 Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Fractures Globally, there have beed numerous epidemiological studies of maxillofacial fractures, especially in the trauma, surgical, dental, and medical literature.11 Reports on developments in treatment modalities in surgery and dental procedures vary according not only to the geographic area in which the research is conducted and to the socioeconomic status of the patient group, but also to the period of investigation.1-10 A range of studies have investigated the epidemiological features of maxillofacial fractures in various population groups around the world1-12 Some have found that maxillofacial fractures are more common among young adults, particularly males in the third and fourth decades of life, often because they are involved in outdoor activities or reckless driving.13,14 One study found that the largest proportion of injuries occured in those whose ages ranged from 16 (48%) to 30 (68%).15 Another study also found that 68.6% of its study population lay in the 20-40 age range.13 With regard to the types of fractures, a systematic review published in 2013 found that mandibular fracture was the most common fracture, accounting for 59.2% of the total.10,16 In contrast, other studies in the western world found that nasal bone fractures and zygomatic complex fractures were more common.5,17 Several studies found that the main fracture site in the mandible was the body, which accounted for 40% of the total number of mandible fractures.5,10,17 In the middle third, the zygoma was the most involved site.4 The relative predominance of the facial structure
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