sustainability Article The Role of Port Development Companies in Transitioning the Port Business Ecosystem; The Case of Port of Amsterdam’s Circular Activities Peter W. de Langen 1,* , Henrik Sornn-Friese 2 and James Hallworth 3 1 Copenhagen Business School, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark 2 Copenhagen Business School & Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore 188065, Singapore;
[email protected] 3 Port of Amsterdam, Circular & Renewable Industry, 19406 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Received: 20 April 2020; Accepted: 25 May 2020; Published: 27 May 2020 Abstract: There is a gradual but clear transition towards a circular economy (CE) that will potentially have significant impacts on ports, both in their function as transport nodes and as locations for logistics and manufacturing activities. A rough appraisal of new investments in circular manufacturing activities in ports in Europe drawn from organizational reports and official webpages illustrates the (slow) development of circular activities in ports. This paper is to our knowledge the first paper which deals with the implications of CE for the business model of the port development company. We assess if and how the circularity transition affects the role and business model of port authorities as developers of port clusters. We outline a framework for analyzing the consequences of CE on the business model of the port authority. We then apply this framework to get a detailed understanding of the emerging CE ecosystem in the Port of Amsterdam, which is clearly a frontrunner in the transition, and the role of the government-owned Port of Amsterdam port development company (PoA) in developing this ecosystem.