------YUCUMlLN I 29.2: CHECKED MT C 85/8x CANBE

CRATER LAKE V ?E G c; 3 N A T IOn . W It

z t7 Historic Events UNITED STATES i __ DEPARTMENT OF THE 1853 and a group of prospectors discovered the lake and i d INTERIOR named it Deep Blue Lake. NATIONAL PARK Harold L. Ickes, Secretary 1862 Chauncey Nye and party of prospec- tors, unaware of the previous dis- |I ACCESSIBLE cover), accidentally visited the lake, ALL naming it Blue Lake. YEAR '9 40 1865 Soldiers from Fort Klamath, without knowledge of previous discoveries, vis- ited the lake and named it Lake Majesty. U. 1869 A party from Jacksonville visited the lake and named it Crater Lake. Arno B. Cammerer, Director 1873 First photograph, a daguerreotype, taken of Crater Lake by Peter Brtt, southern Oregon pioneer. . CONYTENYS OCATED in southern Oregon, The ever changing color of lava cliffs 1883 J. S. Diller, geologist, and Everett Hayden, of the United States Geolog- W) on the crest of the Cascade and blue water are beautiful beyond ical Survey, visited the lake. Sinnott Memorial Observation _ Range, Crater Lake National description. Station and Mount Hill- 1885 , with F o Park has a high place among the Na- Crater Lake National Park, estab- Joseph Le Conte, Capt. Clarence I wonderlands. At man ...... Cove Dutton, J. M. Breck, Jr., and othei tion's most scenic lished May 22, 1902, embraces an area visited Crater Lake. Mr. Steel suggest Crater Lake visitors observe beauty in of 250.52 square miles. Discovery and History . 3 ed that a national park be establishe truest sense and experience a pro- The Geologic Story of and a petition was sent to Presider its DISCOVERY AND HISTORY 4 Cleveland. found inspirational appeal. Tranquil- History says that the Klamath In- Crater Lake . unfathom- Places of Interest to Visit 7 1886 The President issued a proclamatin lity now prevails where once dians knew of, but seldom visited, withdrawing 10 townships, includir able volcanic power was displayed. Wildlife . 8 - Crater Lake. Lake surveyed and soun, Crater Lake before its discovery by 9 ed by the United States Geologica The lake rests in the heart of a white men. The Indians knew the Forests and Wild Flowers 9 Survey. Fishing. mighty mountain whose destruction re- lake and the mountain as the battle- to 1888 First fish planted in Crater Lake by Camping William Gladstone Steel. i'k sulted in the formation of a vast crater ground of the gods. >' in which the waters accumulated. It Winter Sports . 1896 Mazamas visited Crater Lake and Crater Lake was discovered on June Administration and Park christened the ancestral mountain, of is 6 miles wide, 2,000 feet deep, covers 12, 1853, by John Wesley Hillman, a Headquarters . 11 which only the and lower an area of 20 square miles, and has a young prospector leading a party in 11 slopes remain, . Rim Village shore line of 26 miles, with multi- search of the "Lost Cabin Mine." Hav- 1902 Crater Lake National Park created by Accommodations and Ex- colored cliffs rising 500 to 2,000 feet ing failed in their efforts to find the 11 Congressional action above the lake. on re- penses. 1907 First automobile driven to the rim of mine, Hillman and his party How to Reach the Park 13 Crater Lake by Charles True, from Trails lead to high points on the turning to Jacksonville, Oreg., a min- Medford, Oreg. The Wocus, the first Valley, Oregon Caves National boat used in rendering a launch service 0 rim and to the shore of the lake. ing camp in the Rogue River Monument. 14 to visitors, placed on the lake. Launches and rowboats are available reported the discovery of a lake which Lava Beds National 1912 , the oldest struc- for scenic trips and trout fishing. Daily they had named Deep Blue Lake, lo- Monument. 14 >- ture now existing in the rim area, was launch trips are scheduled around the cated high in the Cascade Mountains. built. *.ijc-fdsti3gh;Briefsof Crater lake shore line and to . Hillman's discovery was apparently ' Laike-INitional Park 15 1931 Sinnott Memorial dedicated. A paved road extends around the crater forgotten in the excitement of gold rim, a distance of 35 miles, presenting discoveries and Indian wars. On Octo- .-: ::- scores of enthralling views of the lake. ber 21, 1862, Chauncey Nye, leading Crater Lake National Pa'rk . Oregon i Crater Lake Natior,nal Park . Oregon 3 3OUTHERNOR51O38UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SOUlHERN OREGIN UNiVERSITY LIBRARY 513 00394 -ASH LAN d, OREGON 97520 z a party of prospectors from eastern plateau covering portions of Oregon, Oregon to Jacksonville, happened upon Washington, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, the lake. Thinking that they had made and California. The peaks bordering a discovery, they named it Blue Lake. this plateau form the . A third "discovery" was made on Mount Mazama at Crater Lake was August 1, 1865, by two soldiers sta- one of the commanding peaks of the tioned at Fort Klamath, who called it range. Lake Majesty. In 1869 this name was The mountain remnant cupping changed to Crater Lake by visitors from Crater Lake was built by the pouring Jacksonville. out of lava flows and to some extent Before 1885 Crater Lake had few by the accumulation of volcanic ash. visitors and was not widely known. The volcanic cone thus formed was On August 15 of that year William modified by streams and glaciers which Gladstone Steel, after 15 years of effort carved valleys in its sides and deposited to get to the lake, stood for the first rock debris on its flanks. The layered time on its rim. Inspired by the beauty character and different formations of of the lake and its surroundings, Judge the mountain are clearly exposed in Steel conceived the idea of preserving numerous places in the crater wall. Crater Lake as a national park. For LAVA OUtPOURINGS THROUGH SPLITTING Aldrid, ph1to OF THE MOUNTAIN.-In addition to the 17 years more Steel, with much per- CRATER LAKE REFLECTS THE WATCHMAN AND HILLMAN PEAK sonal sacrifice, devoted time and energy extrusion of broad lava flows, it is com- C. to the establishment of Crater Lake Na- mon for great quantities of molten lava by Howel Wil- tional Park. Success was realized when to penetrate and fill cracks or fissures polish and thick beds of glacial debris Recent investigations liams have led him to conclude that the park was established May 22, 1902. that develop in a volcano. Such filling are common around the mountain. owes its origin principally Steel devoted the remainder of his life results in dikes or walls of rock fre- They occur on the surface rock and the crater or engulfment of the moun- to development of the park, serving quently harder than the enclosing rock. between earlier layers, showing that to collapse tain peak. as its second superintendent and later At Crater Lake the destruction of the glaciers existed at various stages in the as park commissioner, which office he mountain and subsequent erosion have history of the mountain. Formation of the crater by collapse held until his death in 1934. exposed numerous dikes in the wall, U-shaped valleys such as Kerr Notch, was first proposed by J. S. Diller of of which the Devil's Backbone on the Sun Notch and Munson Valley on the the Geological Survey. Diller's expla- THE GEOLOGIC STORY OF west side of the crater is the outstand- southeast slope of Mount Mazama are nation differs from that of Williams CRATER LAKE ing example. evidence of glaciation. The lava flow principally in the method by which the ORIGIN OF THE MOUNTAIN.-Geol- ACTION OF STREAMS AND GLACIERS ON forming Llao Rock filled an ancient void beneath Mount Mazama was ogists tell us that the slope which visi- THE MOUNTAIN IN THE COURSE OF ITS glacial notch. formed. Diller thought that quantities tors ascend to view the lake, and the BUILDINc.-In the layers forming the FORMING OF THE CRATER.-The brok- of molten rock drained away through crater wall rising 500 to 2,000 feet above crater wall there is evidence of the en edges of rock layers clearly exposed subterranean passages, thus weakening the water, form the remnant of a moun- action of water. In some places this in the crater wall indicate widening of the support of the mountain peak and tain which stood more than 12,000 feet is shown by the cutting of valleys; at the crater in all directions. Increase in causing ultimate collapse. high. This ancient peak which is now others, by the accumulation of water- the size of the summit crater of the In a report to be published by Wil- destroyed is known as Mount Mazama. carried gravel, and boulders. mountain, which eventually formed the liams, he describes great quantities of In comparatively recent geologic time Glacier ice carrying sand, pebbles, present crater, is probably due to ex- pumice extending more than 80 miles numerous volcanic peaks were formed and boulders scratches and polishes rock plosive activity followed by the col- northeast of Mount Mazama. This near the western edge of a vast lava surfaces over which it moves. Glacial lapse of the peak. pumice is equivalent to more than 20

4 Crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 5s cubic miles of material and is thought crater produced Wizard Island and per- The deep blue of the lake is be- observation points. A daily auto cara- to have been blown from the mountain haps other cones. These cones rise lieved to be caused chiefly by the scat- van is conducted by the naturalist staff in a catastrophic event and carried above a relatively flat floor, the lowest tering of sunlight in water of excep- along a portion of the rim road, stops northeastward by the prevailing winds. part of which is almost 2,000 feet be- tional depth and clearness, the blue rays being made at interesting scenic, scien- Analysis of this pumice shows that it low the present lake surface. Forming of sunlight being refracted from the tific, and historic points. The objective is new material derived from the the crater floor probably involved many water, rays of other colors being ab- of the caravan is the Watchman look- magma within the volcano and not stages during some of which the crater sorbed. out station on the Watchman Peak. At finely divided fragments of the original may have been occupied by wide The extraordinary beauty of the lake that station visitors may become fa- mountain walls. stretches of molten lava. arises in part from its great depth, the miliar with the important work of for- Following this explosion the moun- ORIGIN OF THE LAKE.-The water of clearness of the water and of the atmos- est protection. All caravan trips start tain is thought to have literally boiled Crater Lake is derived from rainfall phere above it, the multicolored tower- from the information building. Time over, pouring out great quantities of and snowfall over the crater, together ing walls, and from favorable condi- of departure is announced on bulletin frothy magma which flowed down the with snow blown into the depression. tions presented in viewing it. boards and at lectures. mountain. The greater quantity extend- The lake is not known to have an PLACES OF INTEREST TO VISIT WIZARD ISLAND.-This is a symmetri- ed to the south and southwest for dis- outlet except by seepage. The condi- SINNOTT MEMORIAL.-The structure, cal cinder cone rising 776 feet above tances up to 35 miles. This material tions of evaporation, seepage, and pre- with its broad parapet looking over the surface of the lake. The island poured out from the crater as a series cipitation are in a state of balance which the lake, serves as an orientation point. may be reached by boat. A trail leads of avalanches which must have flowed makes possible this accumulation of Field glasses focused on the important from the shore to the crater, which is at a terrific speed, for those on the water and maintenance of approximate- features of the crater help visitors to approximately 95 feet deep and 460 feet south and west sides of the mountain ly this water level. If the region were understand the geologic history of the in diameter. did not begin to deposit their load un- at a different altitude, or in a different lake and to appreciate the relationship THE PHANTOM SHiP.-This island til they reached a distance of 4 or 5 location, the lake might not have been between scenic and scientific values. rises from the waters of the lake, a miles from the crater. formed. Displays in the exhibit room further twisted mass of lava. Its shape strong- Accompanying these explosions and The existence of Crater Lake was aid visitors to appreciate the beauties ly suggests a ship under sail. The best ejection of this lava material, cracks made possible by the building of a and moods of Crater Lake. A large views of the Phantom Ship are obtained developed in the flanks of the mountain mountain, in the elevated summit of relief map of the region is located on from the launches and Kerr Notch and eventually the top collapsed, being which there could be formed a deep the parapet. Lectures are given daily along the . engulfed in the void produced by the cavity having no outlet, except by see- at the Memorial. All those who come .-With an altitude of ejection of the pumice and molten page, and no inlet. The conditions re- to Crater Lake should visit the Sinnott 8,060 feet, this peak is easily reached rock, thus forming the crater as we quired for the accumulation of a body Memorial soon after their arrival in by trail from the lodge. From the sum- see it today. of water with the peculiar beauty of the park. It is located close to the lodge mit there is a magnificent view of the By projecting the slopes of the rem- this lake are furnished in a crater pro- and the Rim Campground. lake and surrounding region. nant of the mountain upward, con- duced by a combination of those tre- INFORMATION BuILDING.-This build- THE WATCiIMAN.-This peak, on the forming to the slopes of similar vol- mendous forces found in the power and ing is on the crater rim just west of canoes, it has been estimated that ap- heat of a volcano. west rim, is of interest not only be- the lodge. Visitors are invited to make cause of its height, but become of the proximately 17 cubic miles of the upper COLOR AN OUTSTANDING CHARACTER OF use of the information service and ex- part of ancient Mount Mazama was CRATER LAKE.-The color of Crater fire lookout station on its summit. It amine the historical and botanical ex- may be reached after a 20-minute walk destroyed. Lake is generally recognized as the hibits. TOWARD THE CLOSE OF THE ACTIVITY most attractive feature of this region. from the rim road. A rare panorama RIM DRIvE.-An interesting highway of the park and surrounding country FORMING THE CRATER, MINOR ERUPTIONS Among spectacular lakes of the world encircles the lake. Visitors are invited may be viewed from this point, 8,025 PRODUCED WIZARD ISLAND AND POSSIBLY there are none in which the depth of to use this highway and enjoy the OTHER CONEs.-After the destruction of color and brilliance of blue are more feet above sea level and 1,861 feet above many views of the lake from numerous the peak, volcanic activity within the striking. the lake. 6 Crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 7 CLOUDCAP.-This excellent viewpoint making his way among them, one will the lake. There are ravens and half a trance of the park. Associated with it on the east rim rises to an elevation of frequently see the marmot. dozen species of hawks. The Sierra are sugar pine, white fir and western over 8,000 feet and is almost 2,000 feet The saucy pine squirrel is common. grouse inhabits the timber lands. white pine, the latter furnishing the above the lake. The coloring of the The porcupine is frequently observed. Clark's crow and crested and gray jays largest individual tree in the park. lake is well observed from Cloudcap The shrill note of the cony or pika are common. Above the Transition is the Canadian and also a vast expanse of mountain may often be heard on rocky slopes. Smaller birds frequently seen are the zone in which occurs lodgepole pine, scenery beyond the park. Badger, gray squirrels, and snowshoe mountain bluebird, Townsend's soli- Shasta red fir, Alpine fir and moun- rabbits are quite numerous, but mink, MOUNT SCOTT.-East of Cloudcap is taire, Sierra junco, pine siskin, Sierra tain hemlock. flying squirrel, marten, and several Mount Scott, the highest point in the creeper, red breasted nuthatch, moun- In the rim area around Crater Lake, species of mice are seldom seen. Gopher park, reaching an altitude of nearly tain chickadee, and western evening Hudsonian zone species are found. This workings are common. There is 9,000 feet. Its summit, on which there a grosbeak. There are golden and ruby- includes mountain hemlock, the most colony of beaver in the park. is a fire lookout station, is accessible crowned kinglets, robins, wrens, west- predominant tree in the park, Alpine Bears may be seen in many parts of by trail from the rim road. ern tanagers, spotted and green-tailed fir, Shasta red fir and whitebark pine. the park. They are usually black in- THE PINNACLES.-Located in Wheel- towhees, purple and rosy finches, chip- On the slopes of Mount Scott, the dividuals, but a few are the brown color er Creek, near the east entrance of the ping and other sparrows, two varieties summit being in the Arctic Alpine phase. In the interest of safety, it is park, are slender spires of pumice. of thrushes, and six varieties of warb- zone, stunted whitebark pine predom- unlawful to feed, tease, or molest the Some of the needles are 200 feet high. lers. Occasionally a humming bird is inates. bears. Many persons have been pain- In Sand Creek Canyon and Godfrey's seen. fully clawed doing so. During July and August visitors find Glen in Annie Creek Canyon there nature's colorful displays of Alpine wild Of the three deer species, the Colum- FORESTS AND WILD FLOWERS are other spires and fluted columns flowers on the road between park head- bia blacktail is most common. Rocky The virgin forests and wild flower carved out of the soft volcanic material quarters and Rim Village, Mountain mule deer, and infrequently a meadows mantling the slopes which also along by water erosion. the trails on the crater rim. These band of whitetail deer, one ascends to view Crater Lake are dis- OTHER PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE may be seen in the grassy, watered meadows. Elk outstanding attractions enhancing the plays change with each week of the PARK AND VICINITY.-Park visitors de- scenic value of the lake. Scattered short flowering season. siring have been noted along the eastern side information about other inter- through the forests of predominantly Castle Crest Garden, located at park esting places in the park and vicinity of the park. Others of the larger animals extant cone-bearing trees are a few of the headquarters, is one of the most attrac- are invited to inquire at park head- broadleaved variety. Around numerous tive and ideal places for viewing and quarters and the information building. in the park are the cougar or mountain lion, the coyote, and the red fox. springs forming the sources of many studying Crater Lake flora. WILDLIFE Due to the general elevation of the creeks on the outer slope of the moun- Throughout the summer months MAMMALS.-The park abounds with area, there are few reptiles. Salamand- tain, the forests give way to colorful visitors may study the exhibits of fresh the smaller game species that are of ers are common on the lake shore and meadows of alpine wild flowers. and pressed flowers displayed at the great interest to the visitor because of frogs and toads along the creeks. Plants characteristic of four zones Information Building in the Rim Vil- their friendly inquisitiveness. The large BIRDS.-More than 115 species of of vegetation are found within the lage. mammals, including black bears, are birds have been seen in the park. The park, yielding over 570 species of ferns FISHING fairly well represented. Eagle Crags have furnished nesting and flowering plants. Patches of Doug- Angling amid the sce'nic beauty of Members of the squirrel family are places for the golden eagle and the las fir typical of the humid division Crater Lake is an experience long to numerous along roads and trails and southern bald eagle; Llao Rock is the of the upper Transition zone, occur in be remembered. In recent years only at any place where people congregate. home of falcons. Ospreys have been the region of the park lying on the rainbow trout and silverside salmon Most common and approachable are the seen, and the dusky horned owl forages western slope of the Cascade Range. have been planted. Previous to 1888, golden-mantled ground squirrels. Num- nightly. California gulls visit the park The semihumid division of the zone, when the first fish were planted, no erous also are two species of chipmunks. and Farallon cormorants are known to characterized by the western yellow piscatorial life existed in Crater Lake. Basking on a warm rock or stodgily have nested and raised their young on pine, may be found at the south en- It is now recognized as one of the best

8 Crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 9 fishing lakes in the national park sys- CAMPING entrance roads, Lost Creek, 31/2 miles RIM VILLAGE tem. Fishing with flies and trolling inside the east entrance; Cold Spring, 7 In the Rim Village on the south side have proved to be equally successful Within the park there are four pub- miles inside the south entrance, and of the lake are the Lodge, rental cabins. methods for catching the daily limit lic camnpgrounds. Annie Spring at the junction of the cafeteria, store, emergency mechanical of 12 fish per person. From July I The Rim Campground located in the south and west entrance roads. All service, campground, community house. to September 5 rowboats are available. Rim Village is equipped with stoves, campgrounds are supplied with free information building, and Sinnott Shore fishing is usually available from water and sanitary conveniences, in- firewood. Camping is limited to 30 Memorial. The lake is accessible by trail the latter part of June until late Sep- cluding hot and cold showers and days. from the Rim Village. All guided trips tember, depending on weather condi- laundry trays. This campground is in start from the area. tions. No license is needed to fish in close proximity to all Rim Village fa- WINTER SPORTS ACCOMMODATIONS Crater Lake. Creel censuses made dur- cilities and services. Naturalists con- The park is open the year around. AND EXPENSES ing the past three years indicate the duct evening campfire programs during Visitors may now enjoy the scenic The Crater Lake National fish caught average 16 inches in length the summer months. values of Crater Lake in winter as well Park Co. as winter sports amid offers accommodations for park visitors. and 2 pounds in weight. Three campgrounds are located along a phantasy of snowy splendor. Steep and gradual Rates for rooms at the Lodge range slopes, according to speeds desired, are from $2.75 to $5.50 single and $3.25 to SKI SLOPES AND SNOW-COVERED TREES numerous in the park and are ideal for $7.50 double, European plan. American Pho,0 by R,,Chao- skiing. Professional ski meets are not plan rates are $3.50 per day higher encouraged, but special attention is per person. Children under 8 years, given to amateur sports. half rates. Housekeeping cabins rent for $1.75 per day without The west and south entrance roads linen and blankets, or $2.50 with to the Rim Village area are open to bedding. Cafe- teria and store facilities motor travel. Chains, tow rope and are available. MOTOR shovel are necessary accessories to motor TRANSPORTATION.-Daily auto- mobile service from travel. Meals and limited overnight ac- Medford and Klamath Falls to Crater commodations and emergency auto serv- Lake Lodge is maintained by ice are provided at park headquarters the Crater Lake Na- tional Park during the winter months. Warming Co. from July I to Sep- tember 19. The round-trip room facilities are available at the Rim cost is $8 per Village. Rangers are on duty to render person and only round-trip tickets service to visitors. are sold. A visitor may enter by way of Medford and leave by way of Klam- ADMINISTRATION AND PARK ath Falls. The trip requires 21/2 hours HEADQUARTERS from the latter place and 3 hours from The park is administered by the Na- the former. tional Park Service of the Department LAUNCHES AND ROWBOATS.-Rowboats of the Interior. The superintendent, E. may be hired at 50 cents per hour. P. Leavitt, is in immediate charge, with Scheduled trips are made daily by offices in the administrative center, 3 launch to the Phantom Ship and miles from the Rim.Village. The post Wizard Island, about 15 miles, at a cost office address is Crater Lake, Oreg. of $2 per person. Hourly trips are Long distance telephone and telegraph made to Wizard Island for $1 per per- service is available at park headquar- son. Fishing tackle may be rented at ters. the boat landing. 10 Crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 11 >wo~ls 0aid. Fae0 M |L a.N

~~~~~~~~~~~~~v. Rig 41

WCi19 STAI= OnVE 0 K~ 041I0

CRATER LAKE LODGE Aldih phw, o.,%

l as ~~~~0.CrnFS,10Inr,it no 0 XIS MOUSNt One of the popular attractions is a choice of entering launch trip around the the park over paved lake, leaving State highways the boat landing connecting with main at 9 o'clock each morn- north-south U. S. highways. From U. ing during the travel season. A ranger- S. 101, 199, and 99 west of the naturalist describes to the launch pass- park visitors enter over State highway 62. engers the points of scenic and scien- From U. S. 97 east of the park tific interest. The trip has been care- visitors may enter via State highways fully planned and is available at the cost 62, through Fort Klamath, the south en- WOI CD of $2 per person. TOVl A trance; or 232, the SIfl~lMfif This booklet east entrance; or 230 Is, i is issued once a year and and 209, ~ /4 the north entrance, utilizing the rates mentioned herein may have portions of the Rim Drive to reach the changed slightly since issuance, but the Rim Village. The west and south LEORHO~~~~~~~~~~~~~A latest rates approved by the en- Secretary trance roads are maintained Ai~ibi.m of the Interior as all-year are on file with the roads, the north * l1 Loku and east entrance roads superintendent and park operator. including the Rim Drive being closed HOW TO REACH THE PARK to traffic during the winter months. BY RAILROAD.-The Southern Pacific BY AIRPLANE-The United Airlines \sIdrudtod {. Railroad ' # ZAa -T serves the park, rail ~~~f e..ibtIEo.o heads be- serves n . yod Medford, the park's 'aidto ing at Klamath gateway nc~~n. 00Mitt. Falls and Medford, 4' $0 K10 INE city on the F L.,. west. t iS 4, ltr Oreg. Crater 7 Lake auto stages make BY MOTOR COACII-Medford, connections daily at both cities Oreg., from is served by Pacific Greyhound July I to September 19. Lines, MAP OFCRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK as is Klamath Falls, Oreg., from |BY AUTOMBILE. - Visitors have a the south, and Mount Hood Stages from 12 Crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 13 the north, via Bend. Transportation to . LAVA BEDS 1,000 U. S. troops, is an attraction of Lake is 53 feet, annual precipitation the park from Klamath Falls and Med- the monument. being 72 inches. ford is provided July I to September NATIONAL MONUMENT At Petroglyph Point are numerous In 1932-33 annual snowfall was 73 19 by Crater Lake National Park Co. petroglyphs carved in rock, and in feet. CALIFORNIA auto stages. caves appear pictographs,-two types Lake level varies I to 3 feet annual- of the symbolic writing of prehistoric ly, being highest in spring, lowest in OREGON CAVES Located in northern California, 105 Indians. fall. miles south of Crater Lake, the Lava In 1939 lake level was approximately During the winter and spring NATIONAL MONUMENT Beds National Monument, administered 6,164 feet above sea level, months, mule deer are seen in large by the Crater Lake National Park staff Due to great depth and moderate OREGON numbers. Small mammals and numer- since 1933, covers an area of 45,967 winter temperatures the lake does ous species of birds are common. The not acres, noteworthy for volcanic, histor- freeze. Located 160 miles southwest of cliffs of Petroglyph Point offer an ex- ical,' and archeological features of dis- Wizard Island Crater Lake, Oregon Caves National ceptional opportunity for the study of rises 776 feet above the tinctive importance. lake Monument is one of the scenic attrac- raptores. Along the north boundary and covers approximately I sq. mi. tions of southern Oregon, administered The monument is open to travel the of the monument thousands of water by the superintendent of Hillman Crater Lake entire year from points along the Klam- fowl may be seen feeding in the Tule Peak, 8,156 feet, is highest point National Park. The monument is in ath Falls, Oregon-Alturas, California Lake Bird Refuge. on crater rim, rising 1,992 feet the heart of the Siskiyou Mountains Highway. Administrative headquarters above the lake. and is easily accessible by paved, all- of the monument are maintained at INTERESTING BRIEFS OF CRA- Kerr Notch and Wineglass are low year highways. Indian Well, with a park ranger in TER LAKE NATIONAL PARK points on the rim, being slightly more charge. A small museum of old war than 500 feet above the lake. The Caves, also known as "The Crater Lake was discovered June 12, relics and volcanic Marble Halls of Oregon," offer visitors specimens is main- 1853. The Lodge and Rim Village area an opportunity to explore several miles tained here. A campground is nearby. are at an elevation of 7,100 feet, ap- The area was established as a na- of winding passageways and large No gasoline, food, or other accommoda- proximately 950 feet above the lake. tional park in 1902. rooms, which nature has decorated with tions are available in the monument, The lake was devoid of fish until The lake has an area of 21 square fantastic formations, weird in their but these can be procured within 20 1888 when the first fish were planted. miles, the crater 27 square miles. eerie beauty. Guide service through miles of the area at Merrill, Oreg., or Fish are planted annually. the electrically lighted caverns is avail- Tule Lake, Calif. The greatest diameter of the lake is Over 570 species of ferns and flower- 6 miles, the shoreline circumference able throughout the year. The area includes a vast field for ing plants have been identified in the being In the 480 acres of the monument geologic study. During recent geologic approximately 20 miles. park. there are several miles of excellent trail time volcanic activity poured rivers of The lake, sounded in 1886, has a The park's check-list of birds in- affording visitors an opportunity to en- molten lava from numerous fissures and maximum depth of 1,996 feet. cludes 115 species. Crater Lake is the deepest joy views of the mountains mantled vents. Cinder cones rise above the lake on Large and small mammals found the continent of North America with a virgin Douglas fir type forest fairly level terrain. There are scores of and in the park include approximately 60 and to study the wildlife. lava tubes or caves, some of which are fourth deepest lake in the world. species. Lodging and meal service are avail- open to visitors. The lake has no direct inlet and out- Crater Lake National Park is an able throughout the year at the well ap- Within the monument are the im- let, yet it is a body of fresh water. outstanding blend of scenic and scien- pointed Oregon Caves Chateau located portant battlefields of the famous The lake derives its water from snow tific values. near the entrance to the Caves. During of 1872-3. The Strong- and rain falling within the crater. An- The crater cupping the lake was the summer season park rangers and hold, a natural fortification in which nual loss of water is by seepage and probably formed within the past 5,000 the crew at the Chateau present each about 60 Modoc warriors defended evaporation. years by the collapse of the peak of an evening a campfire program. themselves against the attacks of nearly Average annual snowfall at Crater ancient volcano.

14 crater Lake National Park . Oregon Crater Lake National Park . Oregon 15 RULES AND REGULATIONS

[ Briefed ]

THE PARK REGULATIONS are designed equipped with good brakes, horn, and for the protection of the natural fea- lights. Passing on curves is prohibited. tures and for the comfort and con- Obey traffic rules. A gasoline station venience of visitors. The following is maintained on the main highway at synopsis is for the guidance of visitors. park headquarters. The fee for auto- FIRES.-Light carefully and only in mobile permit is 51. designated campgrounds. Extinguish Doos.-Dogs are prohibited in the completely before leaving camp, even park overnight and are not permitted for temporary absence. Do not guess in the rim concentration area. When your fire is out-know it. not in an automobile, dogs must, be on CAMPS. - Use designated camp- a leash at all times. grounds. Keep the campgrounds clean. WARNING ABOUT BEARS.-Do not feed, Combustible rubbish shall be burned tease, or molest the bears. Bears will on camp fires, and other refuse of all enter or break into automobiles if food kinds shall be placed in garbage cans that they can smell is left inside. They or pits provided for the purpose. Fire- will also rob your camp of unprotected wood is provided free of charge. Camp- food supplies. ing is restricted to 30 days. TRASH.-Do not throw paper, lunch FIsHING.-A limit of 12 fish per per- refuse, film cartons, chewing gum son per day has been set for lake paper, or other trash over the rim, on angling. A catch of 20 fish is permitted walks, trails, roads, or elsewhere. Carry in park streams. No fishing license is until you can burn in camp or place necessary. in receptacle. PARK STAFF.-The staff is here to help TREES, FLOWERS, AND ANIMALS.-The and advise you. When in doubt ask a destruction, injury, or disturbance in man in uniform. Men in uniform at any way of the trees, flowers, birds, or the information Bureau, park head- animals is prohibited. quarters, and the several stations will NoISES.-Be quiet in camp after be glad to help you plan your activity others have gone to bed. Many people while in Crater Lake and to explain the come here for rest. regulations. AUTOMOBILES.-Careful driving is re- Complete rules and regulations are quired at all times. Your car must be available at park headquarters.

W. H. Kistler Stationery Co., Denver, Colorado. 2-20-40-70M.