From Plato to Wittgenstein: Essays by G
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Contrastivism Surveyed
Contrastivism Surveyed (Forthcoming in Nous) Jonathan Schaffer Joshua Knobe ANU-RSSS Yale University Suppose that Ann says, “Keith knows that the bank will be open tomorrow.” Her audience may well agree. Her knowledge ascription may seem true. But now suppose that Ben—in a different context—also says “Keith knows that the bank will be open tomorrow.” His audience may well disagree. His knowledge ascription may seem false. Indeed, a number of philosophers have claimed that people’s intuitions about knowledge ascriptions are context sensitive, in the sense that the very same knowledge ascription can seem true in one conversational context but false in another. This purported fact about people’s intuitions serves as one of the main pieces of evidence for epistemic contextualism, which is (roughly speaking) the view that the truth conditions of a knowledge attribution can differ from one conversational context to another. Opponents of contextualism have replied by trying to explain these purported intuitions in other ways. For instance, they have proposed that these purported intuitions may be explained via shifts in what is at stake for the subject, pragmatic shifts in what is assertible, or performance shifts in our liability to error. Yet a recent series of empirical studies threatens to undermine this whole debate. These studies presented ordinary people with precisely the sorts of cases that have been discussed in the contextualism literature and gave them an opportunity to say whether they agreed or disagreed with the relevant knowledge attributions. Strikingly, the results suggest that people simply do not have the intuitions they were purported to have. -
Wittgenstein in Exile
Wittgenstein in Exile “My thoughts are one hundred per cent Hebraic.” -Wittgenstein to Drury, 19491 Wittgenstein was born in 1889 into one of the richest families in Central Europe. He lived and learned at home, in Vienna, until 1903, when he was 14. We have no record of his thoughts about the turn of the last century, but it is unlikely that it seemed very significant to him. The Viennese of the time had little inclination to consider the possibilities of change, and the over-ripe era in which Wittgenstein grew up did not really end until Austria-Hungary’s defeat, in World War I, and subsequent dismantling. But the family in which Wittgenstein grew up apparently felt that European culture had already come to an end in the 1840’s. And Wittgenstein himself felt he belonged to an era that had vanished with the death of the composer Robert Schumann (1810-1856).2 Somewhere in the middle of the Nineteenth Century there was an important change into the contemporary era, of which Wittgenstein did not feel a part. Wittgenstein’s understanding of history, and his consequent self-understanding in relation to his times, was deeply influenced by Oswald Spengler, who in 1918 published The Decline of the West [Der Untergang des Abenlandes]. This book, expanded to a second volume in 1922, and revised in 1923, became a best-seller in post-war Europe. Wittgenstein made numerous references to it in 1930-1931, and acknowledged Spengler as one of his ten noteworthy influences.3 According to Spengler, cultures grow, flower, and deteriorate naturally, according to their own internal form, much as a human being does. -
Cultures and Traditions of Wordplay and Wordplay Research the Dynamics of Wordplay
Cultures and Traditions of Wordplay and Wordplay Research The Dynamics of Wordplay Edited by Esme Winter-Froemel Editorial Board Salvatore Attardo, Dirk Delabastita, Dirk Geeraerts, Raymond W. Gibbs, Alain Rabatel, Monika Schmitz-Emans and Deirdre Wilson Volume 6 Cultures and Traditions of Wordplay and Wordplay Research Edited by Esme Winter-Froemel and Verena Thaler The conference “The Dynamics of Wordplay / La dynamique du jeu de mots – Interdisciplinary perspectives / perspectives interdisciplinaires” (Universität Trier, 29 September – 1st October 2016) and the publication of the present volume were funded by the German Research Founda- tion (DFG) and the University of Trier. Le colloque « The Dynamics of Wordplay / La dynamique du jeu de mots – Interdisciplinary perspectives / perspectives interdisciplinaires » (Universität Trier, 29 septembre – 1er octobre 2016) et la publication de ce volume ont été financés par la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) et l’Université de Trèves. ISBN 978-3-11-058634-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-058637-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063087-9 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2018955240 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Esme Winter-Froemel and Verena Thaler, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Esme Winter-Froemel, Verena Thaler and Alex Demeulenaere The dynamics of wordplay and wordplay research 1 I New perspectives on the dynamics of wordplay Raymond W. -
The University of Chicago in Praise of Praise a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Division of the Humanities in Candi
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO IN PRAISE OF PRAISE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY BY DANIEL J. TELECH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my dissertation committee. I am incredibly fortunate to have had Agnes Callard and Brian Leiter direct my dissertation project. Their support, wisdom, and generosity have meant a great deal to me—philosophically and personally—over the past several years. Joint dissertation meetings with Agnes and Brian unfailingly left me with a sense of urgency, demandingness, and encouragement that remains with me, at least on good days, when doing philosophy. Before they were my advisors, they were my teachers. Agnes’ seminar on deliberation, on the one hand, and Brian’s workshop on free will and responsibility, on the other, played significant roles in my becoming gripped by the questions animating this project. I hope to be able to live up to the ideals that working and studying with them has allowed me, however incipiently, to appreciate. I thank Paul Russell for being an excellent committee member. Paul has helped me stay attuned to the complexity and humanness of issues of agency and responsibility. This dissertation owes much to insightful conversations with him. I also thank Derk Pereboom. Derk supervised a valuable visit of mine to Cornell in the fall of 2016, and became something of an unofficial committee member, providing me with generous and instructive comments on the majority of the dissertation. There are many others to whom I am grateful for support with and valuable discussion on, parts of my project, and its earlier and attendant stages. -
Contrast and Contrastivism: the Logic of Contrastive Knowledge
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Arts Arts Research & Publications 2010 Contrast and Contrastivism: The Logic of Contrastive Knowledge Scobbie, Taylor http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51000 Thesis Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Contrast and Contrastivism: The Logic of Contrastive Knowledge Taylor Scobbie - 0 - Table of Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ - 2 - II. Contrast ............................................................................................................................... - 5 - A. Contrastive Sentences ..................................................................................................... - 5 - B. Knowledge of Contrastive Sentences .............................................................................. - 9 - III. Contrastivism .................................................................................................................... - 11 - A. Historical Context ........................................................................................................... - 11 - B. Contrastivism ................................................................................................................. - 13 - C. Contrastivism and Epistemic Logic ................................................................................ - 22 - D. Compatibility ............................................................................................................. -
Thinking Literature Across Continents
THINKING LIT ER A TURE ACROSS CONTINENTS This page intentionally left blank ranjan ghosh • j. hillis miller THINKING LIT ER A TURE ACROSS CONTINENTS Duke University Press • Durham and London • 2016 © 2016 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Typeset in Chaparral Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Ghosh, Ranjan, author. | Miller, J. Hillis (Joseph Hillis), [date] author. Title: Thinking lit er a ture across continents / Ranjan Ghosh, J. Hillis Miller. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2016024761 (print) | lccn 2016025625 (ebook) isbn 9780822361541 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9780822362449 (pbk. : alk. paper) isbn 9780822373698 (e- book) Subjects: lcsh: Liter a ture— Cross- cultural studies. | Liter a ture— Study and teaching—Cross- cultural studies. | Culture in liter a ture. | Liter a ture and transnationalism. | Liter a ture— Philosophy. Classification: lcc pn61 .g46 2016 (print) | lcc pn61 (ebook) | ddc 809— dc23 lc record available at https:// lccn . loc. gov / 2016024761 Cover art: Kate Castelli, The Known Universe (detail), 2013. Woodblock on nineteenth-century book cover. Courtesy of the artist. CONTENTS vii Preface j. hillis miller ix Acknowl edgments ranjan ghosh xi Acknowl edgments j. hillis miller 1 Introduction: Thinking across Continents ranjan ghosh 9 Introduction Continued: The Idiosyncrasy of the Literary Text j. hillis miller PART I: The Matter and Mattering of Lit er a ture 27 Chapter 1. Making Sahitya Matter ranjan ghosh 45 Chapter 2. Lit er a ture Matters Today j. hillis miller PART II: Poem and Poetry 71 Chapter 3. -
Fredric-Jameson-Late-Marxism-Adorno-Or-The-Persistence-Of-The-Dialectic-1990.Pdf
Late Marxism ADORNO, OR, THE PERSISTENCE OF THE DIALECTIC Fredric Jameson LATE MARXISM LATE MARXISM FredricJameson THINKHI\IJICJ\L E I� �S VERSO London • New York First published by Verso 1990 © FredricJameson 1990 This eclition published by Verso 2007 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 57 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F OEG USA: 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014-4606 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-575-3 ISBN-10: 1-84467-575-0 BritishLibrary Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Printed in the UK by Bookmarque Ltd, Croydon, Surrey For PerryAnderson Contents A Note on Editions and Translations lX INTRODUCTION Adorno in the Stream of Time PART I BalefulEnchantments of the Concept I Identity and Anti-Identity I5 2 Dialectics and the Extrinsic 25 3 Sociologyand the Philosophical Concept 35 4 The Uses and Misuses of Culture Critique 43 5 Benjamin and Constellations 49 6 Models 59 7 Sentences and Mimesis 63 8 Kant and Negative Dialectics 73 9 The Freedom Model 77 IO The History Model 88 II Natural History 94 I2 The Metaphysics Medel III viii CONTENTS PART II Parable of the Oarsmen I Biastowards the Objective I23 2 The Guilt of Art I27 3 Vicissitudes of Culture on the Left I39 4 MassCulture asBig Business 145 5 The Culture Industry asNarrative 151 PART III Productivities of the Monad I Nominalism 157 2 The Crisis of Schein 165 3 Reification 177 4 The Monad as an Open Closure 182 5 Forces of Production 189 6 Relations of Production 197 7 The Subject, Language 202 8 Nature 212 9 Truth-Content and Political Art 220 CONCLUSIONS Adorno in the Postmodern 227 Notes 25J Index 262 A Note on Editions and Translations I have here often retranslated quotes from Adorno's works afresh (without specific indication). -
The Oberlin Colloquium in Philosophy: Program History
The Oberlin Colloquium in Philosophy: Program History 1960 FIRST COLLOQUIUM Wilfrid Sellars, "On Looking at Something and Seeing it" Ronald Hepburn, "God and Ambiguity" Comments: Dennis O'Brien Kurt Baier, "Itching and Scratching" Comments: David Falk/Bruce Aune Annette Baier, "Motives" Comments: Jerome Schneewind 1961 SECOND COLLOQUIUM W.D. Falk, "Hegel, Hare and the Existential Malady" Richard Cartwright, "Propositions" Comments: Ruth Barcan Marcus D.A.T. Casking, "Avowals" Comments: Martin Lean Zeno Vendler, "Consequences, Effects and Results" Comments: William Dray/Sylvan Bromberger PUBLISHED: Analytical Philosophy, First Series, R.J. Butler (ed.), Oxford, Blackwell's, 1962. 1962 THIRD COLLOQUIUM C.J. Warnock, "Truth" Arthur Prior, "Some Exercises in Epistemic Logic" Newton Garver, "Criteria" Comments: Carl Ginet/Paul Ziff Hector-Neri Castenada, "The Private Language Argument" Comments: Vere Chappell/James Thomson John Searle, "Meaning and Speech Acts" Comments: Paul Benacerraf/Zeno Vendler PUBLISHED: Knowledge and Experience, C.D. Rollins (ed.), University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964. 1963 FOURTH COLLOQUIUM Michael Scriven, "Insanity" Frederick Will, "The Preferability of Probable Beliefs" Norman Malcolm, "Criteria" Comments: Peter Geach/George Pitcher Terrence Penelhum, "Pleasure and Falsity" Comments: William Kennick/Arnold Isenberg 1964 FIFTH COLLOQUIUM Stephen Korner, "Some Remarks on Deductivism" J.J.C. Smart, "Nonsense" Joel Feinberg, "Causing Voluntary Actions" Comments: Keith Donnellan/Keith Lehrer Nicholas Rescher, "Evaluative Metaphysics" Comments: Lewis W. Beck/Thomas E. Patton Herbert Hochberg, "Qualities" Comments: Richard Severens/J.M. Shorter PUBLISHED: Metaphysics and Explanation, W.H. Capitan and D.D. Merrill (eds.), University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966. 1965 SIXTH COLLOQUIUM Patrick Nowell-Smith, "Acts and Locutions" George Nakhnikian, "St. Anselm's Four Ontological Arguments" Hilary Putnam, "Psychological Predicates" Comments: Bruce Aune/U.T. -
Cosmopolitanism And/Or Ethnicism: Ezra Pound's Multilingual
Cosmopolitanism and/or ethnicism: Ezra Pound’s multilingual poetics Espen Grønlie Traveling Texts Department for Literature, Area Studies and European Languages Faculty of the Humanities University of Oslo Dissertation submitted for the degree of PhD October 2020 © Espen Grønlie Espen Grønlie 2021 Title: Cosmopolitanism and/or ethnicism: Ezra Pound’s multilingual poetics The illustration on page iii is taken from Abstracts (Moss: H//O//F, 2012) by Christopher Haanes ii iii iv Abstract This dissertation is a critical study of what I am calling Ezra Pound’s “multilingual poetics”. In it, I establish a practical and theoretical understanding of Pound’s tendency to deploy foreign languages in his poetry, discussing its philosophical, poetical and political implications. The dissertation has three parts. In part 1, I situate Pound’s multilingualism within the historical and philosophical contexts of linguistic relativism, the belief that different languages and their structures in various ways affect their users’ worldviews. In part 2, I discuss the cosmopolitanism of Pound’s early work, both his general ideas of mankind’s common spiritual capacity and his more specific literary quests into foreign languages and foreign poetic traditions. I suggest applying the term “literary cosmopolitanism” to the poetic practice characteristic of Pound’s early work. After having presented and discussed Pound’s documentary poetics in The Cantos, in part 3 I consider the broader implications of the cosmopolitan and ethnicist contradictions in Pound’s work, particularly as they apply to Pound’s infamous political commitments of the 1930s and 1940s. I show that Pound’s work in this period is marked by a gradual turn toward a totalitarian conception of society. -
Ludwig in Fact and Fiction!
,%vieUJs LUDWIG IN FACT AND FICTION! NICHOLAS GRIFFIN Philosophy I McMaster University Hamilton, ant., Canada L8s 4K1 Brian McGuinness. Wittgenstein: a Life. Vo!. I: Young Ludwig (I88f)-I92I). Paperback: London: Penguin, 1990 (1St ed., 1988). Pp. xiv, 322. £6.99. Ray Monk. Ludwig Wittgenstein: the Duty of Genius. London: Cape; New York: Free P., 1990. Pp. xv, 654. £20.00; U5$29.95. Paperback: New York: Viking Penguin, 1991. U5$15.95. G. H. von Wright, ed. A Portrait of Wittgenstein as a Young Man .from the Diary ofDavid Hume Pinsent I9I2-I9I4. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990. Pp. xxii, II9. £25.00. Bruce Duffy. The World as I Found It. New York: Tichnor and Fields, 1987. Pp. x, 548. U5$19.95. Theodore Redpath. Ludwig Wittgenstein: a Student's Memoir. London: Duck worth, 1990. Pp. 109. £12.95. Terry Eagleton. Saints and Scholars. London: Verso, 1987. Pp. 145. £9.95. ittgenstein's life has always attracted a good deal of attention. From W his nrst appearance in Cambridge, before his thought was at all note worthy, he was taken to be a remarkable man. The Apostles were fascinated by him: Bloomsbury handled him cautiously but with interest. He became, well before his death-in fact, before he was even middle-aged-a legendary Cambridge eccentric. Elizabeth Anscombe, one of his executors, once declared she would like to have a button which would stop all the interest in Wittgenstein's personal life and leave only the interest in his philosophy: she might as well have been Canute wishing for a button to control the tides. -
Epistemic Contrastivism
EPISTEMIC CONTRASTIVISM (penultimate version of an entry for the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2017) Peter Baumann Contrastivism about knowledge is the view that one does not just know some proposition. It is more adequate to say that one knows something rather than something else: I know that I am looking at a tree rather than a bush but I do not know that I am looking at a tree rather than a cleverly done tree imitation. Knowledge is a three-place relation between a subject, a proposition and a contrast set of propositions. There are several advantages of a contrastivist view but also certain problems with it. 1. Contrastivism 2. Pro Contrastivism 3. Contra Contrastivism 1. Contrastivism According to an orthodox view, knowledge is a binary relation between a subject and a proposition. Contrastivism about knowledge (or “contrastivism”) is the view that 2 knowledge is rather a ternary relation between a subject, a (true) target proposition and a (false) contrast proposition (or a set of contrast propositions) which is incompatible (but cf. Rourke 2013, sec.2) with the target proposition. The form of a knowledge-attributing sentence is “S knows that p, rather than q” rather than “S knows that p” (see Sinnott-Armstrong 2004 and 2008, Schaffer 2004a, 2005, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, Karjalainen and Morton 2003, Morton 2013; see also Morton 2011 and Schaffer 2012a). To say, for instance, that Jean knows that there is a dog in front of her, is elliptical and short for the claim that Jean knows that there is a dog in front of her rather than, say, a cat. -
Wittgenstein on Aesthetics and Philosophy
Wittgenstein on aesthetics and philosophy Article Accepted Version Schroeder, S. (2019) Wittgenstein on aesthetics and philosophy. Revista de Historiografía, 32. pp. 11-21. ISSN 2445-0057 doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2019.4891 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84464/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Identification Number/DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2019.4891 <https://doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2019.4891> All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Wittgenstein on Aesthetics and Philosophy by Severin Schroeder (University of Reading) 1. Wittgenstein’s objections to scientific aesthetics For a short period of time in 1912, Wittgenstein tried to apply experimental psychology to aesthetics. With his friend David Pinsent he experimented on the perception of musical rhythm, trying to ascertain under what circumstances a regular sequence of beats, such as of a metronome, was heard as accentuated (McGuinness 1988, 127-8). ‘Useless experiments’ he called them later in a 1933 lecture (ML 363), and continued to explain what is wrong with the idea of aesthetics as a branch of psychology. The same lines of criticism recur in his 1938 lectures on aesthetics. The following are Wittgenstein’s three main objections.