DOCSLIB.ORG

Iap P6/01 Just-His.Be “Justice and Society”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iap P6/01 Just-His.Be “Justice and Society” IAP P6/01 JUST-HIS.BE “JUSTICE AND SOCIETY” ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - SCIENTIFIC REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS I - Description of the state of the research conducted within each WP 3 Thematic Work Package 1: (re)Sources for Justice: Institutions, Competences, Organisation 3 (P4: State Archives) Towards an Institutional Research Guide: the penitentiary archives and the archives of the judicial police 4 WP 1a The penitentiary archives 4 WP 1b The archives of the judicial police 6 PhD research on the history of the prisons and the history of the judicial police in Belgium 9 The history of the central prisons in Belgium, 1770-1870 9 The Judicial Police of the Public Prosecutor's Offices (1919-1952): The difficult choice between efficient 10 criminal investigation and ideological convictions Research collaborations and general contributions to the project 11 Thematic Work Package 2: Civil Justice: Ministries of Justice and Barristers 13 (P2: Ghent University) WP2a The Belgian Ministers of Justice and their civil policies : A prosopographical and quantitative 14 analysis WP2b History of the Belgian bar from the French Revolution to the present 16 Research collaborations and general contributions to the project 18 Thematic Work Package 3: Criminal Justice: Criminal Policies and Penal Practices 19 (P1: Catholic University of Louvain) WP 3a Cellular Regime and 'défense sociale': the penitentiary question in Belgium between 1870 and 1920 20 WP3b To observe, care, and discipline. Public penal institutions for young female delinquents in Belgium 22 (Bruges, Saint-Servais, 1912-1965) Research collaborations and general contributions to the project 24 Thematic Work Package 4: Prosopography of judicial personnel 26 (P3: Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis) WP4a Magistrates' Inaugural Addresses for the Start of the New Judiciary Year in Belgian High Courts 27 (1832-1914) WP4b Belgian Magistrates during the Occupation of the Second World War 28 Research collaborations and general contributions to the project 30 Chronological Work Package 5 : Justice in Wartimes 1914-1950 (P5: Centre for Historical Research and Documentation: War and Contemporary Society: SOMA/CEGES) 31 WP 5 The Attitude of Belgian Magistrates during the First World War 31 WP 5b The Repression of Collaboration after the Second world War as a Policy Problem for the Judicial 33 System Research collaborations and general contributions to the project 36 1 Chronological Workpackage 6 : Justice in Revolution(s): The French experience (1795-1814) and the 37 Dutch experience (1815-1830) (EU1: University of Lille-3 & EU2: Free University of Amsterdam) Transversal WP 7: Towards an integrated instrument for historical social science research: JUST-HIS 39 II - Organisation and functioning of the network 42 1. Network coordination, project management and internal communication 42 2. Functioning of the network: doctoral school and supervision of PhD theses 43 3. Functioning of the network: scientific activities and dissemination of results 44 3.1. Conferences and seminars organised by the network 44 3.2. Specific collective IAP publications 45 3.3. Further dissemination of information on the IAP project and research results 46 III - Publications (published in 2007 and forthcoming) 48 Introductory remark by the IAP promoters 48 1. List of publications of the IAP teams 49 2. Co-publications 58 2 I - Description of the state of the research conducted within each WP Thematic Work Package 1: (re)Sources for Justice: Institutions, Competences, Organisation (P4: State Archives) Since access to, and knowledge about the production of historical sources invariably and fundamentally determines the quality of scientific research on the past and its relations to the present, WP1 constitutes a cornerstone of this IAP research programme on the History of Justice Administration in Belgium. Whereas other research WP’s making up the programme (WP 2-5) have been structured around key areas requiring targeted in-depth research efforts to increase and sophisticate existing knowledge, WP1 provides both the necessary foundations and collective tools for carrying out these different projects and develop the programme at large: information about and access to the archival sources for the history of Belgian justice, and research instruments to correctly exploit and analyse (interpret and contextualise) them. First and foremost, archival support for the whole IAP network is being provided within the scope of WP1, by the responsible partner, the State Archives. This includes initiatives facilitating the research activities of the other IAP members, such as the provision of access for the researchers to judicial/penal archives kept in the different depositories of the State Archives throughout the country, and the provision of information, support and coordination for the localisation and preservation of previously unknown, inaccessible or not yet inventoried archival funds produced by different segments of the Belgian justice administration. The initiatives undertaken during the year 2007 are discussed more in detail under the heading “Research collaborations and general contributions”, together with other collaborations between WP1 and other IAP researchers that have emerged in this first year. Next to these support activities, WP1 includes the development of a research instrument, an “institutional research guide”, offering an exhaustive overview of available sources for the history of Belgian justice. The realisation of this huge undertaking is not only based on the mobilization of existing expertise of the State Archives, it also implies setting up and carrying out a new large-scale preservation, inventorying and research programme. The development of the research instrument involves the elaboration of an archives inventory and an institutional guide, that will directly benefit the larger IAP research during this and future phases. The former will be crucial for opening up new possibilities and venues for research, while at the same time, the latter will provide better insights into the competencies, organisation and general activity of the different institutions making up Belgian justice during the 19th-20th c. The elaboration process of this research instrument will thus, gradually, enhance the existing knowledge about the institutional structure and development of the judicial system at large, and build up a more detailed framework for the analysis of general governmental policy in justice matters (WP2), criminal policy and penal administration (WP3), biographies of acting magistrates and barristers (WP4, WP3) and specificity of war and post-war justice administration (WP 5) in particular. As starting points and prioritized work areas the IAP network has selected, as has been outlined in the project proposal, two documentary sectors that manifest an urgent need for archival preservation on the one hand, and are the most indispensable for enabling research carried out within other WP’s on the other: the penitentiary archives and the archives of the judicial police. The progress achieved in both work areas during 2007 will be discussed in the next section under the heading “Research guide”. On top of its collective contributions with respect to judicial sources, and drawing on the work done in the two documentary sectors mentioned above, WP1 also includes two targeted research projects adding crucial pieces to the puzzle of the history of justice administration in Belgium. These projects, which will ultimately result in two PhD theses, involve in-depth scientific research on the history of the Belgian prisons between 1770 and 1830 on the one hand, and on the history of the judicial police between 1919 and 1952 on the other. The state of this research at the end of this first IAP year will be discussed below under the heading “PhD research”. In order to carry out the large and diverse package of work planned under WP1, the team of the responsible partner, the State Archives, coordinated by Prof. Dr. Karel Velle, has been enlarged 3 with two archivists-researchers, L. Nguyen and F. Welter, from July 2007 onwards. They work on a full-time basis (as PhD-bursaries) on the IAP project. Towards an Institutional Research Guide: the penitentiary archives and the archives of the judicial police As has been noted earlier, the elaboration of an institutional research guide on the sources for the history of Belgian justice is a huge undertaking. In 2007, the first phase of this work process was launched for two prioritized documentary sectors: the penitentiary archives and the archives of the judicial police. The state of conservation of both types of archival sources is quite deplorable and characterised by enormous disparities between the Flanders and the Brussels and Walloon regions. It has to be stressed that these disparities make their preservation and their accessibility for university researchers particularly urgent. Furthermore, this is of fundamental interest for the larger society: a construction of history and memory that is potentially of great value is at this moment at risk because of the problematic state of conservation. A difference of scale between the state of conservation of different collections can lead to non-scientific views of the past. Further, recent debates launched by historians and archivists about the role of the State in history and memory have stressed the need for citizens’ access to the memory of the State. As a consequence, the federal and scientific institution of the State Archives, who has
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Des Libéraux De Pierre Et De Bronze
    Des libéraux Focus sur le VOTRE RÉGION de pierre et de bronze Hainaut Joseph Tordoir, historien au Centre Jean Gol, vous présente aujourd’hui 60 monuments érigés, en Wallonie et en région bruxelloise, en hommage à des personnalités libérales des XIXe et XXe siècles. Ils ornent places et squares, décorent parcs et espaces publics réservés à la détente, tant à Bruxelles, qu’à Liège, Ixelles, Mons, Huy, Verviers, Tournai, Soignies, Morlanwelz, La Louvière, Péruwelz, Court- Saint-Etienne, Nivelles, Ohain, Esneux, Warsage, Pommeroeul, etc. Nous vous proposons de faire revivre ces témoins silencieux de notre histoire nationale et du libéralisme belge, le temps d’un livre, de Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen à Jean Gol, en passant par Joseph Lebeau, Alexandre Gendebien, Charles Rogier, Walthère Frère- Orban, Jules Bara, Paul Janson, Ernest Solvay, Adolphe Max, Albert Devèze, Maurice Chers amies et amis du Mouvement Réformateur, Destenay, Jean Rey et bien d’autres. Pour ces pages « Hainaut » du MRMag’, j’ai souhaité mettre en avant l’actualité récente de nos parlementaires qui chaque jour défendent les priorités du Mouvement Réformateur. Souscription 2014 sera une année cruciale : les scrutins régionaux, fédéraux et européens coïncident. Autant dire que les enjeux seront importants et que la campagne qui Cet ouvrage de 216 pages, richement illustré, bénéficie s’annonce sera menée sur tous les fronts ! d’une édition de luxe. Il mérite de prendre place dans votre bibliothèque et ravira tous les passionnés de l’histoire du Parmi les thématiques capitales pour la Wallonie et en particulier le Hainaut, on notera libéralisme. Il paraîtra officiellement le 20 février 2014 à l’occasion de la Foire du Livre de Bruxelles.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPARATION of CHURCH and STATE in EUROPE Ethnical, Religious and Cultural Backgrounds
    During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the separation of state and church was an issue of great importance for liberal politicians and SEPARATION OF CHURCH parties in European politics. Liberals all over Europe tried to encourage the separation of religious institutions and the state. After the Second World War AND STATE IN EUROPE this issue seemed to become more and more irrelevant, as the separation was more or less achieved in some countries, or the existing ties did not lead WITH VIEWS ON SWEDEN, NORWAY, THE NETHERLANDS, to major troubles or inequalities. Recently the matter has become relevant BELGIUM, FRANCE, SPAIN, ITALY, SLOVENIA AND GREECE again, because of questions raised by integration of immigrants with different IN EUROPE AND STATE OF CHURCH SEPARATION ethnical, religious and cultural backgrounds. The separation of church and state developed, due to historical, cultural, social and political reasons, in very different ways in each of the Fleur de Beaufort - Ingemund Hägg - Patrick van Schie (eds.) member states of the European Union. The European Liberal Forum – a network of European liberal think tanks in connection with the European Liberal Party (ELDR) – organised several seminars on the topic of secularism. During these discussions the variety of developments in the relation between state and church showed, and so came the idea to publish a book on this matter. The purpose of the book is to provide evidence and ideas that could be used in the different countries in Europe for reforms clarifying the roles of religious organisations in relation to the state. This is of the utmost importance now that Europe is becoming more multireligious, multi-ethnic and multicultural.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Stefan Huygebaert, Ugent I. Introduction the Figure of Justitia Or
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography Peer reviewed & accepted book chapter manuscript, intended for: S. Vandenbogaerde et al. (eds.), (Wo)men in Legal History, Lille, 2016. JUSTICE: MAN-JUDGE OR EARTHLY MOTHER? FEMININITY OF JUSTICE AND HER SISTERS OF VIRTUE IN BELGIAN FIN DE SIÈCLE LEGAL ICONOGRAPHY1 Stefan Huygebaert, UGent I. Introduction The figure of Justitia or Justice might very well be one of the most widely known personifications in the Western world. However, personifications of this kind are only as ‘known’ or ‘readable’ as their attributes. By definition, a personification consists of a human figure holding (or handling) attributes, that are in themselves workaday objects taken out of their normal context.2 In the case of Justice, her main attributes (sword and scale) have become symbols in themselves, used by law faculties, law firms, judicial institutions, legal departments… and conference posters. Her blindfold has been subject to a vast amount of iconographic studies.3 However, in some cases, the physical appearance of the human figure in a personification adds a layer of meaning to the abstract notion that is personified.4 The fact that most representations of Justice personify her as a woman – Lady Justice – is seldom perceived as an integral part of her iconographic message.5 When bearing in mind her genesis, this seems to be a reasonable omission at first. The female Latin inflection of the virtues, including the four cardinal virtues of which Justice is part, constitutes the historic reason behind the female appearance of these personifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Sovereignty, Civic Participation, and Constitutional Law: the People Versus the Nation in Belgium
    Sovereignty, Civic Participation, and Constitutional Law: The People versus the Nation in Belgium Edited by Brecht Deseure, Raf Geenens, and Stefan Sottiaux First published in 2021 ISBN: 978-0-367-48359-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-71228-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-03952-5 (ebk) Chapter 11 Pulling the curtain on the national sovereignty myth: Sovereignty and referendums in Belgian constitutional doctrine Christophe Maes, Brecht Deseure, and Ronald Van Crombrugge (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) This OA chapter is funded by KU Leuven. 11 Pulling the curtain on the national sovereignty myth Sovereignty and referendums in Belgian constitutional doctrine Christophe Maes, Brecht Deseure, and Ronald Van Crombrugge Introduction The dominant interpretation of sovereignty in the Belgian Constitution holds that the National Congress consciously opted for national sovereignty as opposed to popular sovereignty. Followers of this interpretation argue that direct consul- tation of the people – most notably through referendums – is unconstitutional. Giving voice to the nation through legal decision-making is reserved exclusively for political representatives. Yet, it has been shown elsewhere that the national sovereignty interpretation is an anachronism (De Smaele, 2005; Deseure, 2016b; Geenens and Sottiaux, 2015). This chapter traces the development of the closely related subjects of sovereignty and referendums in Belgian constitutional doctrine from 1831 onwards. We will chart the different points of view on sovereignty from the nineteenth century until the definite breakthrough of the national sov- ereignty interpretation between 1893 and 1950, as well as the implications this development had for the perceived (un)constitutionality of referendums. We will also briefly address the more recent (post-2000) debates on citizen participation and their connection to the issue of sovereignty.
    [Show full text]
  • Franz Foulon, La Tentation Inopportune
    Jean-Pierre Delhaye et Paul Delforge Franz FOULON La tentation inopportune Préface de Rudy Demotte Institut Destrée Collection “Ecrits politiques wallons” n° 9 2008 Préface Celui qui ne connaît pas l’Histoire n’est peut-être pas condamné à la revivre mais il est, en tout cas, voué à ne pas comprendre le présent. L’actualité politique et institutionnelle de la Belgique nous en donne, depuis juin 2007 au moins, profusion d’exemples. À l’aube du XXe siècle, il y était généralement admis, y compris par la Flandre, que la Révolution belge avait été quasi exclusive- ment le fait des Wallons et des Bruxellois. Inexactitude historique partielle, qu’à cela ne tienne, puisque cette interprétation convenait aux deux parties dans une Belgique francophone bientôt dépassée par les faits. Aujourd’hui, dans un phénomène bien connu de relecture du passé à partir du présent, combien de nos concitoyens n’imaginent pas que la fixation de la frontière linguistique, l’unilinguisme territorial et même la fédéralisation du pays sont issus de la seule volonté flamande. Qui même, en Wallonie, sait que la revendication “sépa- ratiste” - le terme lui-même a changé de sens puisqu’il s’agissait alors tout au plus de fédéralisme - fut d’abord une revendication des Wallons, confrontés à leur minorisation politique. Il aura fallu, récemment, ce que la presse a appelé les “gifles fla- mandes”, infligées à répétition au Parlement fédéral, pour que les Wallons et les Bruxellois francophones redécouvrent ce qu’était la Belgique avant les garanties du fédéralisme : une démocratie, certes mais où la volonté de la majorité flamande s’imposait implacable- ment, de par le seul fait du rapport démographique aux Chambres.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph Pholien (1884- 1968) / F
    BE-A0510_007255_006971_FRE Inventaire des archives de Joseph Pholien (1884- 1968) / F. Carton de Tournai et G. Janssens Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in French. 2 Joseph Pholien DESCRIPTION DU FONDS D'ARCHIVES:............................................................................7 Consultation et utilisation..............................................................................................8 Conditions d'accès............................................................................................................8 Instruments de recherche................................................................................................8 Histoire du producteur et des archives..........................................................................9 Producteur d'archives.......................................................................................................9 Biographie.....................................................................................................................9 Compétences et activités...........................................................................................10 L'avocat, le juriste, le Jeune Barreau....................................................................10 La carrière politique de Joseph Pholien, 1936-1961............................................11 Dernières années, 1961-1968................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • How to Abolish the Death Penalty Worldwide?
    How to Abolish the Death Penalty Worldwide? COUNTRY-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS CONCERNING THE INFLUENTIAL FACTORS Jana Riemslagh Student number: 01304303 Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Yves Haeck, Andy Van Pachtenbeke A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws Academic year: 2017 - 2018 I Table of content Global introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 A note on methodology .......................................................................................................................... 2 PART 1 CANADA ...................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Legislative process ............................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 In general ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Canadian criminal law ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Open David J. Hensley MA Thesis
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts THE BLURRED BOUNDARIES OF BELGIANNESS: WALLOON INTELLECTUALS, PRIDE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONALIST RHETORIC, 1884-1914 A Thesis in History by David J. Hensley ©2008 David J. Hensley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2008 The thesis of David J. Hensley was reviewed and approved* by the following: Sophie C. de Schaepdrijver Associate Professor of History Thesis Adviser Jennifer A. Boittin Josephine Berry Weiss Early Career Professor in the Humanities Assistant Professor of French and Francophone Studies and History Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities Professor of History and Religious Studies Sally McMurry Professor of History Head of the Department of History and Religious Studies *Signatures are on file with the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT Most analyses of regionalist sentiments in Belgium are hindered by an overly finalist interpretation of Belgian history, in which Belgium is an "artificial" construct in which two "real" populations, Flemings and Walloons, have uneasily coexisted, waiting for the eventual break-up of the state. From this perspective, the Flemish and Walloon Movements are the "awakenings" of these primordial groups. I argue instead that regionalism is a form of discourse, a "political idiom" which historical actors develop and use in the course of political debates on a wide array of issues which are portrayed as connected to regional identities. In particular, I examine the Walloon Movement in the three decades before World War I. I propose that this movement was the domain of ambitious but frustrated men in the literary and political fields who felt symbolically "dominated" by a clerical, "Flemish" government.
    [Show full text]
  • Intervenir Sur Les Édifices Historiques En Belgique Au Xixe Siècle Vol
    Intervenir sur les édifices historiques en Belgique au XIXe siècle Vol. 1 : texte Antoine BAUDRY Thèse de doctorat en histoire, histoire de l’art et archéologie Université de Liège 2021 1 « J’ai toujours attaché – personnellement – à la restauration de notre église la plus haute importance […]. Pour moi : qui dit renaissance dit désordre et c’est une satisfaction bien douce pour un chrétien de prier là ou ses pères ont pratiqué sa foi. Je ne suis pas archéologue mais cette raison là est pour moi de la plus haute importance. Quand je regarde les vieux murs de mon église il me semble qu’ils parlent à mon cœur » Nicolas Lenoir, bourgmestre de Villers-l’Évêque, 1890. 2 Cadre administratif Cette thèse de doctorat en histoire, histoire de l’art et archéologie a été réalisée à l’aide d’une bourse NON-FRIA au sein de la Faculté d’Architecture de l’Université de Liège, du 1er janvier 2017 au 31 décembre 2020. Elle a été effectuée sous l’égide d’un comité d’accompagnement composé de Claudine Houbart (promotrice, ULiège), Mathieu Piavaux (co-promoteur, UNamur), Arnaud Timbert (Université de Picardie), Patrick Hoffsummer (ULiège) et Daniela N. Prina (ULiège puis ULB). À la suite des remarques dudit comité transmises au début du mois de février 2021, le manuscrit a été retravaillé sur fonds propres de l’auteur et officiellement déposé le 28 avril cette même année. Coordonnées de l’auteur Antoine Baudry, rue Saint-Antoine n°1 bis, 7601 Roucourt [email protected] ; [email protected] 0477/823216 3 Table des matières Liste des abréviations, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Histoire Succincte De La Wallonie
    Histoire succincte de la Wallonie PHILIPPE DESTATTE Directeur général de l'Institut Destrée Maître de conférences à l'Université de Mons 7 août 2013 Philippe Destatte ISBN Dépôt légal Editeur 2 Histoire succincte de la Wallonie INTRODUCTION Le présent volume s'attache à décrire l'évolution historique des territoires de la région de langue française de la Belgique telle que la loi du 2 août 1963 sur l'emploi des langues en matière administrative et les lois subséquentes coordonnées du 18 juillet 1966, l'ont définie. Par convention, nous appellerons ce territoire Wallonie bien que cette dénomination ne se soit progressivement imposée qu'au XIXe siècle et que son institution, la Région wallonne, ne soit devenue réalité publique qu'à partir de 1974, lors de la création d'un premier conseil régional. Le 26 octobre 2011, dans un contexte de crise aigüe de la Belgique, et faisant suite aux décisions du gouvernement wallon des 11 mars et 1er avril 2010, le Parlement wallon a toutefois pris la résolution, d'utiliser le terme "Wallonie", dans tous les cas où la législation n'impose pas la terminologie officielle de "Région wallonne". Le langage s'éclaircit, les réalités se rapprochent... Le sujet de notre synthèse porte donc sur un morceau du territoire de l'actuelle Belgique, situé au sud et à l'ouest de la frontière linguistique séparant depuis des siècles les langues romanes et germaniques. Cet espace forme un triangle renversé d'environ 140 kilomètres du nord au sud et d'un peu moins de 200 kilomètres d'ouest en est, soit un territoire de l'ordre de 16.000 km2.
    [Show full text]
  • Scangate Document
    The Penalty of Death and Executions; theTension between National Government, Local Authorities and Population Martin Bergman When a poll is made of peoples views on capital punishment in Europé today, a large percentage of the replies are in favour of it. In my opinion, the figures would be rather different if the questions were: Are you in favour of executions of capital punishment? Do you want executions to take place in your community? Do you want the executions to be public, for instance in the square of your town? Are you prepared to serve as an executioner, i.e. to kill another human being, albeit with the support of the law? These diver- gent outcomes would be the result of the distinction between the punish­ ment as an idea and the concrete reality. Another distinction, between local and central, is of great importance in contemporary historical research. My aim is to discuss a connection between these two distinctions. On the na­ tional level the focus is on capital punishment. Executions are results of capital punishment conceived as a principle. At the local level, executions seem almost to have been unwelcome intrusions in the local community. Capital punishment was not unwelcome, at least not to everyone, but ex­ ecutions became increasingly difficult to arrange. In this paper I've chosen to concentrate on the reality, the executions, rather than on the idea, capital punishment. The period is mainly the i9th century and the paper is to a large extent based on Swedish and Belgian sources. My own starting point is that the history of modern executions, on the basis of the example the state wants to put forward in the execution, could be seen in three phases.
    [Show full text]
  • "Ceci N'est Pas Un Historien" Construction and Deconstruction of Henri Pirenne
    "Ceci n'est pas n hist"#ien" Const# cti"n an$ $ec"nst# cti"n "% Hen#i Pirenne '(LT)R*&R)+)NI)R1 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, &#"%ess"# )-e#it s . /ni0e#siteit Gent The %i#st a-bition "% this a#tic2e is t" %ind out 3hic! t4pe "% p#"%essiona2 app#"ac! and 3hic! %"#- "% socia2ising Henri &i#enne 3as suppose$ t" ha0e const#ucte$ in "#$e# t" bec"-e one "% the 5#eatest scientists "% !is 5ene#ation and a success% 2 societ4 -an. 64 second question is8 di$ !e hi-se2%, "# di$ his c"nte-p"#a#ies, const# ct that ic"n? 1. :IR;T TH);I;8 TH) C<N;TR/CTI<N*<: &IR)NN)*(;*(*&R<6IN)NT HI;T<RI(N*(N= (; TH) ':</N=ING*:(TH)R'*<: TH) GH)NT HI;T<RIC(L*;CH<<L I;*(*&)R:)CT )X(6&L)*<:*(*;/CC);;:/L 6>TH<L<GI;(TI<N The (-e#ican hist"#ian G#a4 B"4ce ?1940, 449-464), %#"- Be#Ce2e4, a student "% &i#enne in t!e 1920s, c"nfe##e$ t!e pate#nit4 "% the G!ent sc!""2 inte#nationa2 1#i22iance in !is st $4 on "The Le5ac4 "% Henri &i#enne" %#"- 1940. In %act he c"##"1"#ate$ a %"#-at and an i-a5e that ha$ been const#ucte$ 14 &i#enne's students and c"22ea5ues in t!e "laudationes" on the occasion o% eac!*"% the*!on"#a#4*-eetings, f#"- 1926 on.2*( st#ong s4-pt"- "% the ai- "% de%ining &i#enne as t!ei# ic"nic %athe# is the c"22ecti0e oat! 14 a22 !is a2 -ni at &i#enne's %une#a2 in 1935 t" prepa#e a 'liber alumnorum' an$ t3" s"2i$*0"2 -es*"% 'hommages' and -e-"#ies3, but, e0en -"#e i-portant24, t" #eDect %i#-24 the e$ition "% a si-i2a# 'liber' %"# t!e-se20es in the % t #e, a decision that -ost "% these a2 -ni indee$ #especte$.
    [Show full text]