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I1 Birds of Oklahoma

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I1 Birds of Oklahoma I1 BIRDS OF OKLAHOMA LOONS: ORDER GAVIIFORMES LOONS: FAMILY GAVIIDAE (7) COMMON LOON: Gavia immer immcr Rare transient, usually occurring in October and November, Migration: Tulsa-+Nova 3, '211; one found dead in Arkansas covered with oil 'at. 18, '30 (GS); Paync &.-Wet. 18. '19, 'Oct.29, '28 (Ma): Kingfisher &.--I taken at Dover. +Nov. 3, '22 (U. 0. M.);--specimen taken, also a wounded bird caught on the Cimarron, still in winter plumage May 26, '23 (Ws); Lakc Overholscr- I seen Oct. 29, '27 (Sl); Clcvcland Co.--dead bird found by the Canadian Apr. 29. '26 (N). The Loon flies with rapid wing strokes, its neck stretched out in front, its feet out behind, the bird's figure forming a slight curve. Mr. Saunders watched one on Lake Ovtrholser for two hours, during which time it gave its weird, wild cry eleven times. GREBES: ORDER COLYMBIFORMES GREBES: FAMILY COLYMBIDAE The Grebes are lobe-footed divers with weak wings and rudimentary tails. (3) HORNED GREBE: Colymbus auritus Rare transient. Specimen: Tulsa Co.-'TNov. 15, '27 (GS). This rare grebe is unmistakable in the spring with its red neck, £id1 ruff, and light ochre ear tufts, but in fall and winter it is difIicult to disd tinguish in the field from the Eared Grebe; specimens can be separated by the shape of the bill which in the Horned Grebe is higher at the base than wide, and in the Eared Grebe wider than it is high. (4) AMERICAN EARED GREBE: Colymbus nigncollis calijornicus Uncommon transient in April and May. Migration: Sapulpa-1 May 2, '20 (Bs); Lake Overholscr-8 Apr. 1 1. 6 Apr. 14, 4 Apr. 23, 1 May 12, '28 (S1);-Apr. 23, '29 (Mrs. I-.0. Ingalls); Alva-pair 'May 14, '06, now in Normal College Museum (C2);Gate-5 May 7, '24 (L*). This is a striking bird in the spring with its black neck, and long pointed black crest and spray of golden feathers on the cheeks; in the fall and winter it may be distinguished from the Pied-billed Grebe by its sharp, slender bill and pure white throat and underparts. (6) PIED-BILLED GREBE. Podilymbus podiceps podiccps Transient throughout the state, breeding locally. Migration: Ottawa Co.-War. 21, '09; *Scpt. 26, '06 (F);Tulsa-Apr. 2, 23, May 8, Nov. 5 (Ks); *Oa. 15, 'Nov. 3 (G8); 0h~lgc~'~Oct.19, '25 (F): Stillwater- 'COct. 8, '23 (Ma); Clcvcland Co.-1 Apr. 2, '24, 1 June 27, '22 (N); Clrkr a- et. 10, '14 (0);Gate-1 May 15, '27 (L*). Nesting: Tulsa-eggs May 15 to June 10 (MA); Sapulpa-rather common brder (Bs); Love Co.-2 nests with 5 and 6 eggs May 15, striped immature bird shot *June 28, '89 (R'); Aha-2 nests found in the vicinity (C2); Kcnton---nest rune 2, '13 on Mvxlus Bra. ranch (TI). 54 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY This attractive litde ''Ikater-witch" or "Helldiver" is a welame sight on our ponds and sloughs. Its short, blunt bill, brownish fore-JXC~and upper breast, and the absence of a conspicuous white patch in the wing prevent any confusion with the two rarer grebes. PELICANS, CORMORANTS, DARTERS, ETC,: ORDER PELICANIFORMES PELICANS: FAMILY PELECANIDAE (125) WHITE PELICAN: Pelicanus erydrmhynchos Uncommon transient. Migration: Copan-2 Oct. 6, 14, '16 (Kf ); Rogers Co.-%kt. 18, '30 (Gs); Tulsa immense flock Sept '22 (P2);1 Apr. 5, '30 (F); Muskogee &.-flock on Arkansas early in Oft. '29 (L4); Canadian Co.-'May 27, '12 ((25); Lake Overholser-15 May 15, '26 (S1);-Apr. 23, '29 (Mrs. L. 0. Ingalls); Cleveland Co.--flock of 150 on So. Canadian, 1907 (Lane, '26: 499);--never xcn by us (N);-100 Sept. 13, '29 (B9;- Wet. 2, '24 ,(U.0. M.); Gate-occasional lone summer visitor, 250 spring of 1923 (La); Kenton-l fall of 1906, 4 Nov. 26, '23 (11). Crabb gives the following dates for the state: Apr. 25-May 27; Sept. 24-0ct. 8. This majestic bird has become all too rare. It is protected by law and if one is shot, the offence should not be ignored, as so often happens. For- merly they were abundant. James speaks of great flocks by the Canadian Sept. 2 and 3, 1820, and Irving tescribes them in central Oklahoma in Oc- tober 1832 "stalking like spectres about a shallow pool." The only other bird which has the same pattern of snowy white body and black wing tips is the Snow Goose; the Pelican is much larger with a shorter neck, more prominent head and bill and slower wing beat, alter- nating with long intervals of sailing. Geese usually are noisy, while Peli- cans fly silently. Mr. Lewis ('30: 38) tells of a wing-tipped bird which became an amus- ing pet in Gate. "It would cat quite a variety of food, but only when there were bones in it. The village dogs, seeing this great strange bird walking about, thought to attack it, but a few blows from its great beak soon con- vinced them that they had no business with it. .. In the spring of 1923 a flock of 250 or more rested over night on the big lake. It was a magnifi- cent, never-to-be-forgotten spectacle." CORMORANTS: FAMILY PHALACROCORCIDAE ( 120) DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT: Phalucrocorax aunius aurirus Rare transient in October and November. Migration: Copan--flock seen fall of 1916 (Kl); Tulsa Co.-Miller's Lakc .fOct. 14 '26, pair 'Oct. 5, '28 (Ga); Lake Overholser-early in Wet. '27 (S1): Kingfisher- 1 taken about I8 yean ago (Wa); Woods Co.-'Nov. '07 on Cirnarron (Crlz);--an- other taken in autumn in same locality (SS). Cormorants fly with necks outstretched, alternating flapping with brief saitlng; a flock may go in single file, in a V, or irregularly. When perched they stand nearly upright with their long necks slightly curved. DARTERS: FAMILY ANHINGIDAE ( 118) WATER-TURKEY: Anhingrr anhingu. Accidental. Two were shot on Fds Creek in Murray County in the fall of 1913; one of these was fed to some pet skunks but its wing ad OF OKLAHOMA BIOLOGICAL SURVEY skdeton were rescued by Dr. Ccabb and are now preserved in the Univer- sity of Oklahoma Museum. HERONS, STORKS, IBISES, ETC.: ORDER CICONIIFORMES HERONS, BITTERNS, ETC.: FAMILY ARDEIDAE HSRONSAND Ec~~~s:SubfamilyArdeinae (194) GREAT BLUE HERON: Ardca Amdills hcrodias Transient. Migration: Okmulgee Co.-4dl 91924, *mt. 19, '25 (F, '28); Oklahoma Co.- 'tNov. 5, '25 (U. 0. M. 2.). Three forms of the Great Blue Heron occur in Oklahoma, the first as a transient only, the others as breeders. The Great Blue Heron is smaller and darker than the Ward Heron, while the Treganza Heron is about the size of the first with the coloring of the second. In the field these subspecies are not distinguishable, hence sight records of migrating birds may be called Great Blue Heron (Ardca hctodias subsp.) ( 194b) WARD HERON: Ardca herodim war& Summer resident in eastern Oklahoma. Specimens: Tulsa--**Mar. '27 (Ga); Cleveland Co. .qApr. 7. '03 (U. 0. M. 2.). Mition: Copan-Apr. 3--0ct. 14, '16 (Kl); Tulsa- Apr. 1-Nov. 1 (K8);- Mu. 4, '28 (F);-50 along Arkansas Mar. 23, '27 (GI); Oklahoma Co.-1 Dec. 23, '27 (S*); Cleveland Co.-Mu. 26-Apr. 27; Scpt. 10-0ct. 17; 7 May 25, '21 (N); Bryan Co.-3 Feb. 1 1, Mu. 18, '84 (Ca). Nesting: Osagc-colony (Kl); Cherokee Co.--colony (P4) : Tulsa--nest with 2 eggs, from a colony where there werc 11 old nests in one tree, 15 miles north and cast of Tulsa in heyRiver bottoms, Mar. 28, '28 (Ga),-pair nesting in Mohawk Park 1928 (Will Dolittle). Food: fish, frogs, snakes, crayfish; pucker gophers, ground squirrels, field mice. This tall, ascetic looking bird with its dignity an'd statuesque poses adds a picturcsqueneu to our landscapes which recalls the beauty of a Japanese print. All herons fly slowly with the neck 'drawn in and the legs stretched out behind. Although they cannot be encouraged around fish hatcheries, in dl other situations their food habits arc harmless or distinctly beneficid. ( 1%) TREGANZA HERON: Ardca hcrodias treganzai Summer resident in western Oklahoma. Specimen: Canadian Co.-*?May 24-28. '14 (0). Migration: Washita Gx-Apr. 22, '95 (B4); Kcnton-last seen Oct. 17, '26 (TI). Nesting: colonies reported from southwcstcrn Oklahoma: Comanche Co.-on Cache Creek near Lawton, on Deep Red mth of Chattanooga in 1905 (L1); Jackson Co.- small colony on the north side of Red river July '23 (Ma); Washita Co.-1895 (B4). In northwestern Oklahoma: WdCo.---eggs taken by Stevens north of Alva (C* 7'2); CionCo.-56 nests in large dud cononwood on Marselus Bros. ranch June 25, '11 rP.- ,-1. Unfortunately the great trccs by the Cimrron River near the end of the Panhandle that harbored such vast numbers of Treganza Herons werc carried out by a flood in 1912. (1%) AMERICAN EGRET: Casmerodius dbus cgrctta Formerly abundant summer visitant, rare for many years, but now recovering somewhat in numbers. Records:1820-1 sea Aug. 23 by Say, "numbers" wu the mou& of tbt Nonb CPnndi Scpt 3 (James, '05:172); 1849-"quite abundant ia portions of Indian Tcrri- 56 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY tory" (WS); Cleveland Co.-l'common at times'' (Be);-*Aug. 5, '02 (0. Hures, spccimen burned); 1910-July ad -4ugust on Red River (I); Tulsa Co.-Aug. 24. Sept. 7, 24, Oct 7, '24 (K8);-4-75 on Skybuck Lake near Sperry Aug. 7, 8, '26 (GI): 25 seen, 1 takm on Big Lake *Aug. 10, '30 (@); Lake Overholser-3 Aug. It, 4 Aug, 16, 2 Aug.
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