DOCSLIB.ORG

Plant Community Restoration on Mima Mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, WA Brandy K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plant Community Restoration on Mima Mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, WA Brandy K Eastern Washington University EWU Digital Commons EWU Masters Thesis Collection Student Research and Creative Works 2012 Plant community restoration on mima mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, WA Brandy K. Reynecke Eastern Washington University Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.ewu.edu/theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Reynecke, Brandy K., "Plant community restoration on mima mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, WA" (2012). EWU Masters Thesis Collection. 62. http://dc.ewu.edu/theses/62 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research and Creative Works at EWU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EWU Masters Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of EWU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Plant Community Restoration on Mima Mounds at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, WA A Thesis Presented to Eastern Washington University Cheney, Washington In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Brandy K. Reynecke Summer 2012 Abstract: Prevention and management of exotic plant species invasion can diminish their negative ecological and economic impacts and maintain ecological functions provided by native species. This is particularly important in rare landscapes that provide essential habitat. The most successful management plans integrate techniques to reduce invasive species abundance, increase native species abundance and reduce invasibility. Eastern Washington’s Channeled Scablands bioregion has highly fragmented remnant patches of grassland underlain by glacial alluvium and basalt bedrock that are dotted with Mima mounds (naturally occurring aggregations of fine particle soil). The mounds provide valuable habitat for native plants and animals and many have been heavily invaded by exotic plant species, particularly winter annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum and Ventenata dubia . This study was designed to characterize Mima mound plant communities in the Channeled Scablands and to test the effects of restoration techniques on those communities. I conducted a vegetation survey to characterize community composition and developed three experiments to: 1) test effectiveness of Imazapic, sucrose soil amendment and native seed addition ( Pseudoroegnia spicata and Festuca idahoensis ), for exotic plant reduction on two geologic substrates (basalt and alluvium), 2) test effectiveness of a biocontrol insect (Mecinus janthiniformis) to reduce Linaria dalmatica , and 3) test effectiveness of an experimental strain of rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens D7, for invasive annual grass reduction. I surveyed plant species composition and cover in 235 1 m 2 vegetation plots in June- July 2009, measured environmental variables for 203 of the plots, applied treatments in summer and fall 2009, and resurveyed plots in June-July 2010. Species assembly was analyzed using NMS ordination, indicator species and cluster analyses. Preliminary abundance comparisons between substrates were conducted using Dunnett’s T3 pair-wise comparisons for unequal iv variance. Mean change in abundance over time was compared among treatments using general linear models (GLM). Community analysis revealed ten community types and a distinct difference in species composition between substrate types. The experimental application of control techniques did not yield the expected results; treatments containing herbicide reduced all species, neither biocontrol agent reduced the abundance of target species, native seed addition had no effect and sucrose addition reduced native species cover but did not affect exotic cover. In control plots, invasive species cover increased significantly over the course of one year, suggesting that management is needed to prevent further invasion. Insight gleaned from both the community analyses and experimental results will be used to direct future study and guide adaptive management practices. v Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Rebecca L. Brown for support on this project and for all of the long hours she spent with me in the field, at school, and in her home to make this project a success. I owe a debt of gratitude to my committee members Dr. Suzanne Schwab and Dr. Robin O’Quinn for being very candid and for imparting their expertise in the fields of botany and ecology. I would also like to thank Dr. Ross Black for his enthusiasm and sharing his statistical prowess. The advice and guidance I received from my professors has enabled me to grow professionally and personally. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Mike Rule, TNWR biologist, for his advice and guidance on this project as well as for securing funding through a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. I also received funding through a mini-grant from EWU. I want to thank Jessica Bryant for her extensive assistance in experimental design, surveying and treatment application. Also I want to thank my field crew, Holly O’Connor, Brittany Davidson, Cara Hulce, Jenni Grimes, Joe Miles, Trenton Reynecke, Aaron Clausen, Dash Hibbard and Mario Lawrence. Without your assistance in the field I could not have completed this project. I would like to thank Dr. Ann Kennedy at WSU for supplying the rhizobacteria and to Jeremy Hensen for applying it. Thanks to Larry Skillestad of the Spokane office USDA for supplying insects and for sharing his extensive knowledge. Thank you to Dr. Julie Beckstead for supplying me with materials for insect cages and insight on sucrose addition. vi Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................vi List of Figures ..............................................................................................................................ix List of Tables ................................................................................................................................x Introduction ...................................................................................................................................1 Restoration approaches and techniques ............................................................................1 Prairie patches in the Channeled Scablands ......................................................................2 Mima mound prairies of eastern Washington ...................................................................3 Native plant community restoration approaches on Mima mounds .................................7 Objectives ….....................................................................................................................9 Methods ......................................................................................................................................10 Study site description ....................................................................................................10 Survey of Mima mound vegetation ...............................................................................14 Experimental design ......................................................................................................15 Experiment 1: Overall reduction of invasive species .........................................15 Experiment 2: Targeted control of Linaria dalmatica .......................................18 Experiment 3: P.f. D7 for targeted control of B. tectorum .................................20 Data analyses ..................................................................................................................22 Results ........................................................................................................................................23 vii Vegetation survey ...........................................................................................................23 Ordination analysis of 203 plot ......................................................................................24 Comparison of pre-treatment IAG abundance and richness across substrate type ........24 Experiment 1: Change in abundance and richness of invasive and native plants due to combinations of herbicide, native seed addition, sucrose soil amendment and geologic substrate ..........................................................................................................................30 Experiments 2 and 3: Effects of biocontrol agents on L. dalmatica and B. tectorum ....35 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................38 Community description ..................................................................................................38 Restoration technique experiments ................................................................................39 Literature cited ...........................................................................................................................40 Appendix I: Supplemental figures from NMS ordination and community analyses .................53 Appendix II: ANOVA / GLM tables for combined effects of herbicide, sucrose and native seed ............................................................................................................................................58 Appendix III: Change
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Idaho's Special Status Vascular and Nonvascular Plants Conservation Rankings
    Idaho's Special Status Vascular and Nonvascular Plants Conservation Rankings 1 IDNHP Tracked Species Conservation Rankings Date USFS_ USFS_ USFS_ 2 Scientific Name Synonyms Common Name G-Rank S-Rank USFWS BLM Ranked R1 R4 R6 Abronia elliptica dwarf sand-verbena G5 S1 Feb-14 Abronia mellifera white sand-verbena G4 S1S2 Feb-16 Acorus americanus Acorus calamus var. americanus sweetflag G5 S2 Feb-16 Agastache cusickii Agastache cusickii var. parva Cusick's giant-hyssop G3G4 S2 Feb-14 Agoseris aurantiaca var. aurantiaca, Agoseris lackschewitzii pink agoseris G4 S1S2 4 S Feb-16 A. aurantiaca var. carnea Agrimonia striata roadside agrimonia G5 S1 Feb-16 Aliciella triodon Gilia triodon; G. leptomeria (in part) Coyote gilia G5 S1 Feb-20 Allenrolfea occidentalis Halostachys occidentalis iodinebush G4 S1 Feb-16 Allium aaseae Aase's Onion G2G3+ S2S3 2 Oct-11 Allium anceps Kellogg's Onion G4 S2S3 4 Feb-20 Allium columbianum Allium douglasii var. columbianum Columbia onion G3 S3 Feb-16 Allium madidum swamp onion G3 S3 S Allium tolmiei var. persimile Sevendevils Onion G4G5T3+ S3 4 S Allium validum tall swamp onion G4 S3 Allotropa virgata sugarstick G4 S3 S Amphidium californicum California amphidium moss G4 S1 Feb-16 Anacolia menziesii var. baueri Bauer's anacolia moss G4 TNR S2 Feb-20 Andreaea heinemannii Heinemann's andreaea moss G3G5 S1 Feb-14 Andromeda polifolia bog rosemary G5 S1 S Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia bog rosemary G5T5 S1 Feb-20 Anemone cylindrica long-fruit anemone G5 S1 Feb-20 Angelica kingii Great Basin angelica G4 S1 3 Mar-18 Antennaria arcuata meadow pussytoes G2 S1 Mar-18 Argemone munita ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT AND PARTICIPANTS Cooperating Agencies and Principal Leaders ................................................................... 1 Unit Staff Listings ............................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHTS FOR CY 2003 ................................................ 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ REPORTS BY PROJECT Administration and Research (R. Hannan, V. Lutes) ....................................................... 6 Curatorial and Research Agronomic, Grass and Safflower (V. Bradley, B. Guenthner) ........................... 10 Cool Season Food Legumes (C. Coyne, M. Cashman) ........................................ 13 Horticultural Crops (B. Hellier, R. Staska) .......................................................... 16 Beets (A. Hodgdon) ............................................................................................ 19 Phaseolus (M. Welsh, J. Thayer, R. Yarborough) ............................................... 20 Entomology (S. Clement, L. Elberson) ................................................................ 22 Plant Pathology (F. Dugan, S. Lupien) ................................................................ 26 Agronomy (R. Johnson, C. Foiles) ..................................................................... 29 Molecular Genetics Laboratory (T. Kisha) .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ICBEMP Analysis of Vascular Plants
    APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Concern APPENDIX 2 List of Species Conservation Reports APPENDIX 3 Rare Species Habitat Group Analysis APPENDIX 4 Rare Plant Communities APPENDIX 5 Plants of Cultural Importance APPENDIX 6 Research, Development, and Applications Database APPENDIX 7 Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Interior Columbia River Basin 122 APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Conservation Concern These range maps were compiled from data from State Heritage Programs in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. This information represents what was known at the end of the 1994 field season. These maps may not represent the most recent information on distribution and range for these taxa but it does illustrate geographic distribution across the assessment area. For many of these species, this is the first time information has been compiled on this scale. For the continued viability of many of these taxa, it is imperative that we begin to manage for them across their range and across administrative boundaries. Of the 173 taxa analyzed, there are maps for 153 taxa. For those taxa that were not tracked by heritage programs, we were not able to generate range maps. (Antmnnrin aromatica) ( ,a-’(,. .e-~pi~] i----j \ T--- d-,/‘-- L-J?.,: . ey SAP?E%. %!?:,KnC,$ESS -,,-a-c--- --y-- I -&zII~ County Boundaries w1. ~~~~ State Boundaries <ii&-----\ \m;qw,er Columbia River Basin .---__ ,$ 4 i- +--pa ‘,,, ;[- ;-J-k, Assessment Area 1 /./ .*#a , --% C-p ,, , Suecies Locations ‘V 7 ‘\ I, !. / :L __---_- r--j -.---.- Columbia River Basin s-5: ts I, ,e: I’ 7 j ;\ ‘-3 “.
    [Show full text]
  • Idaho's Special Status Vascular and Nonvascular Plants
    Idaho's Special Status Vascular and Nonvascular Plants IDNHP Tracked Species Conservation Rankings ³ INPS 4 Scientific Name1 Synonyms Common Name² G-Rank S-Rank USFWS BLM USFS_R1 USFS_R4 USFS_R6 RPC Abronia elliptica dwarf sand-verbena G5 S1 Feb-14 Abronia mellifera white sand-verbena G4 S1S2 Feb-16 Acorus americanus Acorus calamus var. americanus sweetflag G5 S2 Feb-16 Agastache cusickii Agastache cusickii var. parva Cusick's giant-hyssop G3G4 S2 Feb-14 Agoseris aurantiaca var. aurantiaca, Agoseris lackschewitzii pink agoseris G4 S1S2 4 S Feb-16 A. aurantiaca var. carnea Agrimonia striata roadside agrimonia G5 S1 Feb-16 Allenrolfea occidentalis Halostachys occidentalis iodinebush G4 S1 Feb-16 Allium aaseae Aase's Onion G2G3+ S2S3 2 Oct-11 Allium anceps Kellogg's Onion G4 S2 4 Allium columbianum Allium douglasii var. columbianum Columbia onion G3 S3 Feb-16 Allium madidum swamp onion G3 S3 S Allium tolmiei var. persimile Sevendevils Onion G4G5T3+ S3 4 S Allium validum tall swamp onion G4 S3 Allotropa virgata sugarstick G4 S3 S Amphidium californicum California amphidium moss G4 S1 Feb-16 Andreaea heinemannii Heinemann's andreaea moss G3G5 S1 Feb-14 Andromeda polifolia bog rosemary G5 S1 S Anemone cylindrica long-fruit anemone G5 S1 Angelica kingii Great Basin angelica G4 S1 3 Mar-18 Antennaria arcuata meadow pussytoes G2 S1 Mar-18 Arabis sparsiflora var. atrorubens Boechera atroruben sickle-pod rockcress G5T3 S3 Argemone munita ssp. rotundata prickly-poppy G4T4 SH Feb-16 Artemisia borealis, A. campestris ssp. borealis, Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. purshii boreal wormwood G5T5 S1 A. campestris ssp. purshii Artemisia sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings Tenth Montana Plant Conservation Conference
    Proceedings Tenth Montana Plant Conservation Conference February 21-22, 2018 Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Montana Wild Center, Helena Proceedings Tenth Montana Plant Conservation Conference February 21-22, 2018 Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Montana Wild Center, Helena Join us at the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks’ Montana Wild center in Helena for the tenth Montana Plant Conservation Conference. The first day of the conference is devoted to providing information on many of Montana’s threatened and endangered plants. The morning will be a symposium on whether whitebark pine should be listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Presentations will be followed by a discussion and question period when members of the audience will be able to engage presenters. The status of Montana’s three ESA-listed plant species, water howellia, Spalding’s catchfly and Ute ladies’-tresses, will be discussed in the afternoon. The nomination of Lost Trail National Wildlife Refuge as an Important Plant Area will be presented and discussed at the end of the day. The second day will begin with a discussion on the possibility for a Montana plant conservation strategy. This will be followed by a workshop for botanists and resource managers to help update the threats information for the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s Species of Concern (SOC) list. Amateur and professional botanists alike can contribute to both workshops and help protect our state’s natural heritage. Montana Native Plant Society The mission of the Montana Native Plant Society is to preserve, conserve, and study the native plants and plant communities of Montana, and to educate the public about the value of our native flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants
    Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants June 1, 2011 By Scott Mincemoyer Montana Natural Heritage Program Helena, MT This checklist of Montana vascular plants is organized by Division, Class and Family. Species are listed alphabetically within this hierarchy. Synonyms, if any, are listed below each species and are slightly indented from the main species list. The list is generally composed of species which have been documented in the state and are vouchered by a specimen collection deposited at a recognized herbaria. Additionally, some species are included on the list based on their presence in the state being reported in published and unpublished botanical literature or through data submitted to MTNHP. The checklist is made possible by the contributions of numerous botanists, natural resource professionals and plant enthusiasts throughout Montana’s history. Recent work by Peter Lesica on a revised Flora of Montana (Lesica 2011) has been invaluable for compiling this checklist as has Lavin and Seibert’s “Grasses of Montana” (2011). Additionally, published volumes of the Flora of North America (FNA 1993+) have also proved very beneficial during this process. The taxonomy and nomenclature used in this checklist relies heavily on these previously mentioned resources, but does not strictly follow anyone of them. The Checklist of Montana Vascular Plants can be viewed or downloaded from the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s website at: http://mtnhp.org/plants/default.asp This publication will be updated periodically with more frequent revisions anticipated initially due to the need for further review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of particular taxonomic groups (e.g. Arabis s.l ., Crataegus , Physaria ) and the need to clarify the presence or absence in the state of some species.
    [Show full text]
  • FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords
    FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords 29,958 entries as KEYWORD (PARENT) Descriptive phrase AB (CANADA) Alberta ABEESC (PLANTS) Abelmoschus esculentus, okra ABEGRA (PLANTS) Abelia × grandiflora [chinensis × uniflora], glossy abelia ABERT'S SQUIRREL (MAMMALS) Sciurus alberti ABERT'S TOWHEE (BIRDS) Pipilo aberti ABIABI (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella abietina, abietinella moss ABIALB (PLANTS) Abies alba, European silver fir ABIAMA (PLANTS) Abies amabilis, Pacific silver fir ABIBAL (PLANTS) Abies balsamea, balsam fir ABIBIF (PLANTS) Abies bifolia, subalpine fir ABIBRA (PLANTS) Abies bracteata, bristlecone fir ABICON (PLANTS) Abies concolor, white fir ABICONC (ABICON) Abies concolor var. concolor, white fir ABICONL (ABICON) Abies concolor var. lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIDUR (PLANTS) Abies durangensis, Coahuila fir ABIES SPP. (PLANTS) firs ABIETINELLA SPP. (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella spp., mosses ABIFIR (PLANTS) Abies firma, Japanese fir ABIFRA (PLANTS) Abies fraseri, Fraser fir ABIGRA (PLANTS) Abies grandis, grand fir ABIHOL (PLANTS) Abies holophylla, Manchurian fir ABIHOM (PLANTS) Abies homolepis, Nikko fir ABILAS (PLANTS) Abies lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILASA (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, corkbark fir ABILASB (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia, subalpine fir ABILASL (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILOW (PLANTS) Abies lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIMAG (PLANTS) Abies magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGM (ABIMAG) Abies magnifica var. magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGS (ABIMAG) Abies
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Book for the Preparation of National Plans for Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces
    Resource Book for the Preparation of National Plans for Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces Nigel Maxted, Joana Magos Brehm and Shelagh Kell University of Birmingham United Kingdom Front cover page (clockwise from top left): Glycine soja (Chen Bin), Coffea mauritiana (Ehsan Dulloo), ‘Injir shaftaly’, local variety of Prunus persica, Ordubad district, Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan (Mirza Musayev), Zea mays diversity, Chiapas, Mexico (Carolina Camacho) Citation: Maxted N, Magos Brehm J and Kell S (2013) Resource book for preparation of national conservation plans for crop wild relatives and landraces. CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. i CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Importance of agrobiodiversity for food security ............................................. 1 1.2 Threats and demands for agrobiodiversity .......................................................... 5 1.3 Agrobiodiversity conservation at national and international levels ........ 10 1.4 Use of agrobiodiversity for crop improvement ................................................ 14 1.5 Strategies for agrobiodiversity conservation ................................................... 16 1.6 Global agrobiodiversity conservation ................................................................. 27 1.7 National agrobiodiversity
    [Show full text]
  • Human Health and Ecological Effects Risk Assessment, Imazapyr Risk
    HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS RISK ASSESSMENT Imazapyr Risk Assessment Washington State Submitted to: Washington State Department of Agriculture Olympia, WA Submitted by: AMEC Geomatrix, Inc. Lynnwood, WA June 2009 Project 14858.000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS.................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................... ES-i PROGRAM DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................. ES-i HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................ ES-ii ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT................................................................................. ES-ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2.0 IMAZAPYR APPLICATION IN FRESHWATER RIPARIAN AREAS............................... 5 2.1 CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS .................................. 6 2.2 APPLICATION METHODS ........................................................................................ 8 2.3 APPLICATION RATES ............................................................................................. 8 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE AND MOBILITY ...................................................... 9 2.4.1 Persistence and Mobility of Imazapyr in Aquatic Environments............ 10 2.4.2
    [Show full text]
  • Allium Columbianum (Columbia Onion) Predicted Suitable Habitat Modeling
    Allium columbianum (Columbia Onion) Predicted Suitable Habitat Modeling Distribution Status: Present State Rank: S1 (Species of Concern) Global Rank: G3 Modeling Overview Data Source Last Updated: August 29, 2017 Model Produced On: June 11, 2021 Deductive Modeling Modeling Process, Outputs, and Suggested Uses This is a simple rule-based model using species occurrences delineated for vascular and non-vascular plant species. These species could not be modeled with inductive methods, either due to limited observations or spatial extent or because an inductive model had poor performance. Species occurrences are discretely mapped polygons where the species has been documented. Plant species occurrence polygons are delineated by the MTNHP Botanist, and can be generated in two ways: 1) Polygons are hand-mapped and scaled to aggregate neighboring observation points and their adjacent habitat, while trying to exclude barriers, reduce known unoccupied habitat, and ignore management boundaries, or 2) Circular polygons are automatically generated by buffering the single observation point by its location uncertainty distance. For compatibility with other predictive distribution models the Montana Natural Heritage Program produces, we have intersected these species occurrences with a uniform grid of hexagons that have been used for planning efforts across the western United States (e.g. Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies - Crucial Habitat Assessment Tool). Each hexagon is one square mile in area and approximately one kilometer in length on each side. Any hexagon that intersected a species occurrence was classified as suitable habitat. Model outputs are not evaluated and we suggest they be used to generate potential lists of species that may occupy lands within each hexagon for the purposes of landscape-level planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
    Plant Propagation Protocol for Allium columbianum ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/ALCO2.pdf Image Credit: Robert Carr TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Liliaceae Common Name Lily Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Allium columbianum (Ownbey & Mingrone) P.M. Peterson, Annable & Rieseberg Varieties Sub-species Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Allium douglasii var. columbianum Ownbey & Mingrone1 Common Name(s) Columbian onion Species Code (as per USDA ALCO2 Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range (distribution maps for North America and for the Pacific Northwest (generally available at county level for Washington/Oregon) Image Credit: USDA Plants Database Ecological distribution Rocky, moderately deep soils that are wet in spring, and stoney meadows.2 Climate and elevation range A. columbianum requires wet winters. A. columbianum is typically found at 1000-3600ft in elevation.3 Local habitat and abundance Common associates: Camassia quamash, Symphoricarpos albus, Eriogonym heracleoides2 Plant strategy type / successional stage Plant characteristics Forb A. columbianum is identified by its flower cluster with two basal leaves, with a long stem. Additional leaves are found at the base of the stem, and are narrow and uncurved. The scape of A. columbianum is thickened below the umbal.4 PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype Propagation Goal Plants Propagation Method Seed Product Type Container Stock Type Time to Grow 1 year5 Target Specifications Propagule Collection Collect seeds from plant when dormant.5 Instructions Propagule Processing/Propagule Characteristics Pre-Planting Propagule No stratification required.5 Treatments Growing Area Preparation / A. columbianum prefers rocky soils that are wet.6 Annual Practices for Perennial Crops Establishment Phase Details Sow in spring in a cold frame.
    [Show full text]
  • Spokane County Rare Plants County List
    Spokane County Rare Plants County list Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Family Name State Federal Status Status Allium columbianum Columbian onion Liliaceae R1 Ammannia robusta grand redstem wetland, aquatic Lythraceae T Anagallis minima chaffweed wetland, freshwater riparian areas Myrsinaceae S Antennaria parvifolia Nuttall's pussy-toes sandy, gravelly, ponderosa pine Asteraceae S Anthoxanthum hirtum common northern sweet grass moist meadows, riparian areas Poaceae R1 Carex comosa bristly sedge Marshes, lake shores, wet meadows Cyperaceae S bogs, wet forests, pond edges, Cypripedium parviflorum yellow lady's slipper ponderosa pine, riparian Orchidaceae T Shrub steppe, well drained, alkaline Erigeron piperianus Piper's daisy soils Asteraceae S Eriophorum viridicarinatum green-keeled cotton-grass wetlands Cyperaceae S Eryngium articulatum jointed coyote-thistle riparian areas, wetlands Apiaceae X Hackelia cinerea gray stickseed talus slopes, clifts in forests Boraginaceae S Howellia aquatilis water howellia wetlands Campanulaceae T LT Hypericum majus Canadian St. John's-wort wetlands Clusiaceae S Impatiens noli-tangere western jewel-weed Balsaminaceae T 5300 ft elevation, seasonally wet Isoetes minima midget quillwort swales, dry in summer Isoetaceae R1 Juncus hemiendytus var. hemiendytus dwarf rush wet meadows, wetlands Juncaceae T vernal pools, channel scablands, Juncus uncialis inch-high rush swales, moist areas Juncaceae S Minuartia pusilla var. pusilla annual sandwort dry open rocky sites Caryophyllaceae R1 Muhlenbergia glomerata
    [Show full text]