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Le Virus De Schmallenberg

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Le Virus De Schmallenberg Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 17625 To cite this version : Braud, Cindy. Étude de la prévalence du virus de Schmallenberg chez les bovidés de parcs zoologiques dans deux contextes épidémiologiques différents. Thèse d'exercice, Médecine vétérinaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT, 2016, 155 p. Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected]. ANNEE 2016 THESE : 2016 – TOU 3 – 4108 ETUDE DE LA PREVALENCE DU VIRUS DE SCHMALLENBERG CHEZ LES BOVIDES DE PARCS ZOOLOGIQUES DANS DEUX CONTEXTES EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES DIFFERENTS _________________ THESE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR VETERINAIRE DIPLOME D’ETAT présentée et soutenue publiquement devant l’Université Paul-Sabatier de Toulouse par BRAUD, Cindy Née, le 19 juillet 1988 à Saintes (17) ___________ Directeur de thèse : M. Gilles MEYER ___________ JURY PRESIDENT : M. Jacques IZOPET Professeur à l’Université Paul-Sabatier de TOULOUSE ASSESSEURS : M. Gilles MEYER Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE M. Stéphane BERTAGNOLI Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE MEMBRES INVITES : M. Norin CHAI Docteur Vétérinaire à Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes, Paris M. Guillaume LE LOC’H Maître de Conférences à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE . Répartition des Enseignants-Chercheurs par Département . Mise à jour : 06/09/2016 DIRECTRICE : ISABELLE CHMITELIN SCIENCES CLINIQUES DES ANIMAUX ELEVAGE ET PRODUITS/SANTE SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET DE COMPAGNIE, DE SPORT ET DE PUBLIQUE VETERINAIRE FONCTIONNELLES LOISIRS Responsable : M. SANS Responsable : Mme GAYRARD Responsable : Mme CADIERGUES ALIMENTATION ANIMALE : M. ENJALBERT Francis , PR Mme PRIYMENKO Nathalie , MC ANATOMIE : ANESTHESIOLOGIE Mme MEYNADIER Annabelle , MC M. MOGICATO Giovanni , MC M. VERWAERDE Patrick , MC M. LIGNEREUX Yves , PR EPIDEMIOLOGIE : Mme DEVIERS Alexandra , MC CHIRURGIE : Mme Mathilde PAUL , MC M. AUTEFAGE André , PR M. ASIMUS Erik , MC MALADIES REGLEMENTEES-ZOONOSES- ANATOMIE PATHOLOGIQUE - HISTOLOGIE : M. MATHON Didier , MC MEDECINE PREVENTIVE DES M. DELVERDIER Maxence , PR Mme MEYNAUD-COLLARD Patricia , MC CARNIVORES DOMESTIQUES-DROIT Mme LETRON-RAYMOND Isabelle , MC Mme PALIERNE Sophie , MC VETERINAIRE : Mme BOURGES-ABELLA Nathalie , PR M. PICAVET Dominique , PR Mme LACROUX Caroline , PR MEDECINE INTERNE : Mme DIQUELOU Armelle , MC M. DOSSIN Olivier , MC PARASITOLOGIE-ZOOLOGIE : BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE : Mme LAVOUE Rachel , MC M. FRANC Michel , PR Mme BOUCLAINVILLE-CAMUS Christelle , MC Mme GAILLARD-THOMAS Elodie , MCC M. JACQUIET Philippe , PR M. LIENARD Emmanuel , MC MICROBIOLOGIE – IMMUNOLOGIE - OPHTALMOLOGIE : Mme BOUHSIRA Emilie, MC MALADIES INFECTIEUSES : M. DOUET Jean-Yves , MC M. MILON Alain , PR HYGIENE ET INDUSTRIE DES ALIMENTS : M. BERTAGNOLI Stéphane , PR M. BRUGERE Hubert , PR M. VOLMER Romain , MC DERMATOLOGIE : M. BAILLY Jean-Denis , PR Mme BOULLIER Séverine , MC Mme CADIERGUES Marie-Christine , PR Mme BIBBAL Delphine , MC Mme DANIELS Hélène , MC Mme COSTES Laura , AERC Mme DAVID Laure , MCC IMAGERIE MEDICALE BIOSTATISTIQUES : M. CONCHOU Fabrice, MC PATHOLOGIE DE LA REPRODUCTION : M. CONCORDET Didier , PR M. BERTHELOT Xavier , PR M. LYAZRHI Faouzi , MC BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE. : M. BERGONIER Dominique , MC Mme TRUMEL Catherine , PR Mme CHASTANT-MAILLARD Sylvie , PR Mme HAGEN-PICARD Nicole , PR PHARMACIE-TOXICOLOGIE : PATHOLOGIE DES EQUIDES : M NOUVEL Laurent-Xavier , MC M. PETIT Claude , PR M. CUEVAS RAMOS Gabriel , MC Mme MILA Hanna , MC Mme CLAUW Martine , PR Mme PRADIER Sophie, MC M. GUERRE Philippe , PR Mme LALLEMAND Elodie , AERC PATHOLOGIE DES RUMINANTS : M. JAEG Philippe , MC M. SCHELCHER François , PR M. FOUCRAS Gilles , PR PHYSIOLOGIE –PHARMACOLOGIE M CORBIERE Fabien, MC THERAPEUTIQUE : M. MAILLARD Renaud , MC M. BOUSQUET-MELOU Alain , PR M. M. MEYER Gilles , PR Mme GAYRARD-TROY Véronique , PR Mme FERRAN Aude , MC PRODUCTION ET PATHOLOGIE AVIAIRE M. LEFEBVRE Hervé , PR ET PORCINE : Mme WARET-SZKUTA Agnès, MC BIOCHIMIE. : M. JOUGLAR Jean-Yves , MC Mme BENNIS-BRET Lydie , MC M. GUERIN Jean-Luc , PR M. LE LOC’H Guillaume , MC ANGLAIS : M. SEVERAC Benoît , PLPA Mme MICHAUD Françoise , PCEA PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES AMELIORATION GENETIQUE ECONOMIE : M. DUCOS Alain , PR M. SANS Pierre , PR M. RABOISSON Didier , MC REMERCIEMENTS Aux membres du jury de thèse, À Monsieur le Professeur Jacques IZOPET, Professeur des Universités, Chef de service, Praticien hospitalier Qui m'a fait l'honneur de présider le jury de cette thèse, En témoignage de mon profond respect. À Monsieur le Professeur Gilles MEYER, Professeur à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE, Pathologie des ruminants, Qui m'a fait l’honneur d’accepter la direction de cette thèse, Pour sa patience, sa gentillesse, sa pédagogie, Remerciements très sincères. À Monsieur le Professeur Stéphane BERTAGNOLI, Professeur à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE, Virologie-Infectiologie Qui m'a fait l’honneur de prendre part à ce jury, Sincère reconnaissance. À Monsieur le Docteur Norin CHAI, Vétérinaire et Directeur adjoint de la Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes du Muséum National d’Histoires Naturelles à PARIS Qui m'a fait l’honneur de prendre part à ce jury, Qui m'a permis de participer à ce projet, pour son soutien depuis quelques années déjà, pour l'exemple et la motivation, Remerciements très chaleureux. À Madame le Docteur Eve LALOY, Maître de conférences contractuel à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Pour son aide, ses conseils précieux, ses compétences, sa bienveillance, la qualité de son accompagnement. Remerciements très chaleureux. A Monsieur le Docteur Guillaume LE LOC'H Maître de Conférences à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE, Pathologie de la faune sauvage et des nouveaux animaux de compagnie Qui m'a fait l’honneur de prendre part à ce jury, pour son soutien dans la réalisation de mes projets, Remerciements sincères À Monsieur le Docteur Jacques KAANDORP, Vétérinaire du parc zoologique de Beekse-Bergen (PAYS-BAS) Pour avoir permis la réalisation de ces recherches grâce à l'envoi de ses prélèvements, pour ses conseils pertinents et le modèle qu'il est pour un bien grand nombre de vétérinaires. Remerciements très respectueux. A l'ensemble de l'équipe de la Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes et de l'ANSES, Emmanuel BREARD, Aude BOURGEOIS, Muriel KOHL, Corinne SAILLEAU, Cyril VIAROUGE, Stephan ZIENTARA, Pour avoir apporté leurs contributions dans la réalisation de ce projet, Remerciements les plus sincères. A Monsieur le Docteur Dylan DUBY, Vétérinaire de la Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes, Pour avoir permis le transport des prélèvements du parc zoologique de Beekse-Bergen jusqu'à l'ANSES. Remerciements chaleureux. SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION PREMIERE PARTIE : SYNTHESE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE I. L'AGENT PATHOGENE : LE VIRUS DE SCHMALLENBERG. ......................................... 15 A. Taxonomie et phylogénie. .................................................................................................... 15 1. Les arboviroses. ............................................................................................................... 17 2. La famille des Bunyaviridae. .......................................................................................... 19 3. Le genre Orthobunyavirus et le sérogroupe Simbu. ........................................................ 20 B. Caractéristiques structurales et moléculaires. ...................................................................... 21 1. Caractéristiques structurales. ........................................................................................... 21 2. Propriétés antigéniques et contournement de la réponse immunitaire. ........................... 23 3. Capacités de survie dans l'environnement. ...................................................................... 26 C. Epidémiologie. ..................................................................................................................... 26 1. Espèces sensibles. ............................................................................................................ 26 a) Les ruminants domestiques......................................................................................... 26 b) Les non-ruminants. ..................................................................................................... 27 (1) Les hommes. .......................................................................................................... 27 (2) Autres ongulés........................................................................................................ 27 (3) Carnivores et autres. ............................................................................................... 28 2. Transmission. ................................................................................................................... 28 a) Transmission horizontale. ........................................................................................... 28 (1) Transmission vectorielle : un moucheron du genre Culicoides. ............................ 28 (a) Identification. .................................................................................................... 29 (b) Biologie. ...........................................................................................................
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