DOCSLIB.ORG

Testing Discrete Symmetries with Kaons: Status and Perspectives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Testing Discrete Symmetries with Kaons: Status and Perspectives Testing discrete symmetries with kaons: status and perspectives Antonio Di Domenico Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma and INFN sezione di Roma, Italy DISCRETE2012 - Third Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries, 3–7 December, 2012 CFTP, IST - Lisboa, Portugal Kaon experiments at hadron machines Fixed-target high-energy hadron beams: KTeV and NA48 Physics with K in the 90s driven by ε’/ε experiments Their legacy: The first confirmation of the CKM picture of CPV A 12% measurement of ε’/ε (and much more: εK, CPT…) Innovative detection and analysis techniques Two state-of-the-art EM 100 physicists calorimeters 130 physicists 12 USA/Japan institutions 16 European institutions 1997-1999 Much more physics: 1998-2003 50 papers each and counting… M. Sozzi DISCRETE2010 ± ± ± ± RK=Γ(K → e ν)/Γ(K → µ ν) : theory 0.4% see S. Balev’s talk in the parallel session Rare KS decays at LHCb 1 fb-1 pp at sqrt(S)=7 TeV Yasmine Amhis LHCC open session Sep. 2012 Future kaon experiments at hadron machines The K→ πνν decays in the Standard Model (CPV) The K→ πνν decays beyond the Standard Model Rare K decays: the full picture Switch to quantitative test of the SM; Flavour sector probing extremely high energy scales: precision frontier complementary to LHC energy frontier Some (tiny!) BRs can be computed to very high (few percent) precision C. Smith K+→ π+νν decay at NA62 P. Cenci BEACH 2012 NA62: guiding principles K+→ π+νν decay at NA62 S. Balev’s talk yesterday in the parallel session Commissioning run 2012 Present status: - The technical run started during this summer has been successfully completed on 3rd December - Other technical runs foreseen during 2013 while completing the installation of detectors - Installation will continue in 2013 and 2014 - First physics run at the end of 2014 (after CERN machines shutdown) On schedule to get a 10% measurement by 2015-2016 (~ 3 SM events) H. Nanjio CKM 2012 J-PARC Hadron Hall 56m KL beam line (KL decay in flight) K1.1BR beam line (K+ decay at rest) 60m 30GeV Slow Extraction T1 target H. Nanjio CKM 2012 MB CV CsI (from KTeV) Present status - After the major Earthquake in Japan on 11 March 2011 (no damages to beam line and KOTO detector) JPARC started re-commissioning on Dec.2011 and resumed operations on Jan.2012. - Construction of the CsI calorimeter, the charged-particle veto counters (CV) in front of it, and the main-barrel photon veto counters (MB) which surrounds the decay volume in the vacuum vessel finished. - Front-end photon counters soon ready - Commissioning and engineering runs scheduled during beam times Dec’12-Jan’13 and Mar’13 - First physics run expected for May – June ’13 to break the Grossman-Nir bound. - After the long shutdown of the J-PARC accelerators from August 2013 to January 2014 expected to start a series of long physics runs. T. Komatsubara stopped K as in E787/949 E. Worcester BEACH2012 waiting for DOE approval of missions First data: end 2016 Evolution of the existing Fermilab accelerator complex to provide MW class beam power to a wide range of experimental programs TREK experiment Transverse µ+ polarization in K+→π0µ+υ decay Search for T reversal violation KEK E246 experiment (final 2006): J-PARC experiment Goal: 3HDM, LQ, SUSY w. RPB in 1 year E36/TREK on K1.1BR beam. The JPARC E36/TREK experiment aims to measure RK and reduce the error by x2. Physics run of E36 expected in 2014-15. Approval going on. Protvino project SPHINX+GAMS+ISTRA → OKA at Protvino: 65-70 GeV 1013 ppp at U-70 (38% DC) 12.5 GeV RF-separated K+ beam 5·106 Kpp (K/π ≈ 4) Commissioning beam and detector with runs started 2009 10-100x improvement on ISTRA Kaon program + spectroscopy e+e- collider Status of DAΦNE and KLOE/KLOE-2 KLOE-2 at upgraded DAΦNE DAΦNE upgraded in luminosity: - new scheme of the interaction region (crabbed waist scheme) at DAΦNE (proposal by P. Raimondi) - increase L by a factor x 3 demonstrated by a successful experimental test KLOE-2 experiment: - extend the KLOE physics program at DAΦNE upgraded in luminosity - Collect O(10) fb−1 of integrated luminosity in the next 2-3 years Physics program Detector upgrade: (see EPJC 68 (2010) 619-681) • γγ tagging system • Neutral kaon interferometry, CPT • inner tracker symmetry & QM tests • small angle and quad calorimeters • Kaon physics, CKM, LFV, rare K decays S • FEE maintenance and upgrade • η,η’ physics • Computing and networking update • Light scalars, γγ physics • etc.. (Trigger, software, …) • Hadron cross section at low energy, aµ • Dark forces: search for light U boson Improve precision on QM, CPT observables by approximately an order of magnitude Prospects for KLOE-2 at upgraded DAΦNE Param. Present best published KLOE-2 KLOE-2 KLOE-2 measurement L=5 fb-1 L=10 fb-1 L=20 fb-1 -3 -3 -3 -3 AS (1.5 ± 11) × 10 ± 2.7 × 10 ± 1.9 × 10 ± 1.4 × 10 -5 -5 -5 -5 AL ( 332.2 ± 5.8 ± 4.7 ) × 10 ± 8.9 × 10 ± 6.3 × 10 ± 4.5 × 10 Re(ε’/ε) (1.65 ± 0.26) × 10-3 (*) ± 0.72 × 10-3 ± 0.51 × 10-3 ± 0.36 × 10-3 Im(ε’/ε) (-1.2 ± 2.3) × 10-3 (*) ± 9.4 × 10-3 ± 6.7 × 10-3 ± 4.7 × 10-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 Re(δ)+Re(x-) Re(δ) = (0.25 ± 0.23) × 10 (*) ± 0.7 × 10 ± 0.5 × 10 ± 0.4 × 10 -3 Re(x-) = (-4.2 ± 1.7) × 10 (*) -5 -3 -3 -3 Im(δ)+Im(x+) Im(δ) = (-0.6 ± 1.9) × 10 (*) ± 9 × 10 ± 7 × 10 ± 5 × 10 -3 Im(x+) = (0.2 ± 2.2) × 10 (*) Δm (5.288 ± 0.043) × 109 s-1 ± 0.096 × 109 s-1 ± 0.068 × 109 s-1 ± 0.048 × 109 s-1 (*) = PDG 2010 fit Prospects for KLOE-2 at upgraded DAΦNE Para Present best published KLOE-2 (IT) KLOE-2 (IT) KLOE-2 (IT) m. measurement L=5 fb-1 L=10 fb-1 L=20 fb-1 -6 -6 -6 -6 ζ00 (0.1 ± 1.0) × 10 ± 0.26 × 10 ± 0.18 × 10 ± 0.13 × 10 -2 -2 -2 -2 ζSL (0.3 ± 1.9) × 10 ± 0.49 × 10 ± 0.35 × 10 ± 0.25 × 10 α (-0.5 ± 2.8) × 10-17 GeV ± 5.0 × 10-17 GeV ± 3.5 × 10-17 GeV ± 2.5 × 10-17 GeV β (2.5 ± 2.3) × 10-19 GeV ± 0.50 × 10-19 GeV ± 0.35 × 10-19 GeV ± 0.25 × 10-19 GeV γ (1.1 ± 2.5) × 10-21 GeV ± 0.75 × 10-21 GeV ± 0.53 × 10-21 GeV ± 0.38 × 10-21 GeV compl. pos. hyp. compl. pos. hyp. compl. pos. hyp. compl. pos. hyp. (0.7 ± 1.2) × 10-21 GeV ± 0.33 × 10-21 GeV ± 0.23 × 10-21 GeV ± 0.16 × 10-21 GeV -4 -4 -4 -4 Re(ω) (-1.6 ± 2.6) × 10 ± 0.70 × 10 ± 0.49 × 10 ± 0.35 × 10 -4 -4 -4 -4 Im(ω) (-1.7 ± 3.4) × 10 ± 0.86 × 10 ± 0.61 × 10 ± 0.43 × 10 -17 -17 -17 -17 Δa0 [(0.4 ± 1.8) × 10 GeV] ± 0.52 × 10 GeV ± 0.36 × 10 GeV ± 0.26 × 10 GeV -18 -18 -18 -18 ΔaZ [(2.4 ± 9.7) × 10 GeV] ± 2.2 × 10 GeV ± 1.5 × 10 GeV ± 1.1 × 10 GeV -21 -18 -18 -18 ΔaX,Y [<10 GeV] ± 1.3 × 10 GeV ± 0.95 × 10 GeV ± 0.67 × 10 GeV [….] = preliminary DAΦNE luminosity upgrade Crabbed waist scheme at DAΦNE NEW COLLISION SCHEME: Large Piwinski angle Crab-Waist compensation SXTs Old collision scheme -1 -1 max. expected at KLOE-2 : Lint ~ 20 pb /day x 200 dd/year = 4 fb /year DAΦNE luminosity upgrade Crabbed waist scheme at DAΦNE NEW COLLISION SCHEME: Large Piwinski angle Crab-Waist compensation SXTs Present commissioning phase New coll. scheme + KLOE det. Old collision scheme -1 -1 max. expected at KLOE-2 : Lint ~ 20 pb /day x 200 dd/year = 4 fb /year DAΦNE luminosity upgrade Crabbed waist scheme at DAΦNE Dec. 2012 NEW COLLISION SCHEME: Large Piwinski angle Crab-Waist compensation SXTs Present commissioning phase New coll. scheme + KLOE det. Old collision scheme -1 -1 max. expected at KLOE-2 : Lint ~ 20 pb /day x 200 dd/year = 4 fb /year From KLOE to KLOE-2: γγ taggers LET: Ee ~ 160-230 MeV Ø Inside KLOE detector Ø LYSO+SiPM Ø σE<10% for E>150 MeV HET: Ee > 400 MeV Ø 11 m from IP Ø Scintillator hodoscopes Ø σE ~ 2.5 MeV Ø σT ~ 200 ps KLOE γγ taggers are installed and ready for the KLOE-2 run From KLOE to KLOE-2: IP detectors Major detector upgrades ready in fall 2012, start install. end 2012: INNER TRACKER Ø 4 layers of cylindrical triple GEM Ø Better vertex reconstruction near IP Ø Larger acceptance for low pt tracks QCALT Ø W + scintillator tiles + SiPM/WLS Ø Low-beta quadrupoles: coverage for KL decays CCALT Ø LYSO + SiPM Ø Increase acceptance for γ’s from IP (21°→10°) From KLOE to KLOE-2: IP detectors Major detector upgrades ready in fall 2012, start install. end 2012: INNER TRACKER Ø 4 layers of cylindrical triple GEM Ø Better vertex reconstruction near IP Ø Larger acceptance for low pt tracks QCALT Ø W + scintillator tiles + SiPM/WLS Ø Low-beta quadrupoles: coverage for KL decays CCALT Ø LYSO + SiPM Ø Increase acceptance for γ’s from IP (21°→10°) Search for CP violation in KS decay 0 0 0 KS→ π π π : a pure CP violating decay ∂ i $ m11 m12 ' i $ #11 #12 ' Ψ = a(t) K 0 + b(t) K 0 i Ψ = H Ψ H = M " # = & ) " & ) ∂t 2 % m21 m22 ( 2% #21 #22 ( 1 1 KS = [ K1 +εS K2 ] KL = [ K2 +εL K1 ] € (1+ εS ) (1+ εL ) € ! εS = ε +δ εL = ε −δ 0 0 (δ: CPT viol.) 3π is a pure CP=-1 state; observation of KS → 3π is an € unambiguous sign of CP violation in mixing and/or in decay.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yesterday, Today, and Forever Hebrews 13:8 a Sermon Preached in Duke University Chapel on August 29, 2010 by the Revd Dr Sam Wells
    Yesterday, Today, and Forever Hebrews 13:8 A Sermon preached in Duke University Chapel on August 29, 2010 by the Revd Dr Sam Wells Who are you? This is a question we only get to ask one another in the movies. The convention is for the question to be addressed by a woman to a handsome man just as she’s beginning to realize he isn’t the uncomplicated body-and-soulmate he first seemed to be. Here’s one typical scenario: the war is starting to go badly; the chief of the special unit takes a key officer aside, and sends him on a dangerous mission to infiltrate the enemy forces. This being Hollywood, the officer falls in love with a beautiful woman while in enemy territory. In a moment of passion and mystery, it dawns on her that he’s not like the local men. So her bewitched but mistrusting eyes stare into his, and she says, “Who are you?” Then there’s the science fiction version. In this case the man develops an annoying habit of suddenly, without warning, traveling in time, or turning into a caped superhero. Meanwhile the woman, though drawn to his awesome good looks and sympathetic to his commendable desire to save the universe, yet finds herself taking his unexpected and unusual absences rather personally. So on one of the few occasions she gets to look into his eyes when they’re not undergoing some kind of chemical transformation, she says, with the now-familiar, bewitched-but-mistrusting expression, “Who are you?” “Who are you?” We never ask one another this question for fear of sounding melodramatic, like we’re in a movie.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Adaption Gallery
    Introduction In 1991, a group of Heritage Center staff began meeting informally after work to discuss a Heritage Center expansion. This “committee” was formalized in 1992 by Jim Sperry, Superintendent of the State Historical Society of North Dakota, and became known as the Space Planning About Center Expansion (SPACE) committee. The committee consisted of several Historical Society staff and John Hoganson representing the North Dakota Geological Survey. Ultimately, some of the SPACE committee ideas were rejected primarily because of anticipated high cost such as a planetarium, arboretum, and day care center but many of the ideas have become reality in the new Heritage Center expansion. In 2009, the state legislature appropriated $40 million for a $52 million Heritage Center expansion. The State Historical Society of North Dakota Foundation was given the task to raise the difference. On November 23, 2010 groundbreaking for the expansion took place. Planning for three new galleries began in earnest: the Governor’s Gallery (for large, temporary, travelling exhibits), Innovation Gallery: Early Peoples, and Adaptation Gallery: Geologic Time. The Figure 1. Partial Stratigraphic column of North Dakota showing Figure 2. Plate tectonic video. North Dakota's position is indicated by the the age of the Geologic Time Gallery displays. red symbol. JULY 2014 1 Orientation Featured in the Orientation area is an interactive touch table that provides a timeline of geological and evolutionary events in North Dakota from 600 million years ago to the present. Visitors activate the timeline by scrolling to learn how the geology, environment, climate, and life have changed in North Dakota through time.
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrews 13:8 Jesus Christ the Eternal Unchanging Son Of
    Hebrews 13:8 The Unchanging Christ is the Same Forever Jesus Christ the Messiah is eternally trustworthy. The writer of Hebrews simply said, "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever" (Hebrews 13:8). In a turbulent and fast-changing world that goes from one crisis to the next nothing seems permanent. However, this statement of faith has been a source of strength and encouragement for Christians in every generation for centuries. In a world that is flying apart politically, economically, personally and spiritually Jesus Christ is our only secure anchor. Through all the changes in society, the church around us, and in our spiritual life within us, Jesus Christ changes not. He is ever the same. As our personal faith seizes hold of Him we will participate in His unchangeableness. Like Christ it will know no change, and will always be the same. He is just as faithful now as He has ever been. Jesus Christ is the same for all eternity. He is changeless, immutable! He has not changed, and He will never change. The same one who was the source and object of triumphant faith yesterday is also the one who is all-sufficient and all-powerful today to save, sustain and guide us into the eternal future. He will continue to be our Savior forever. He steadily says to us, "I will never fail you nor forsake you." In His awesome prayer the night before His death by crucifixion, Jesus prayed, "Now, Father, glorify Me together with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was" (John 17:5).
    [Show full text]
  • Yesterday and Today
    Yesterday and Today IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Yesterday_and_Today_FC.indd 1 3/2/17 2:01 PM 2 Schools Past At school, you learn to read and write and do math, just like children long ago. These things are the same. Then This is what a school looked like in the past. The past means long ago, the time before now. Back then, schools had only one room. Children of all ages learned together. Abacus Hornbook There were no buses Children used Children learned to or cars. Everyone chalk to write read from a hornbook. walked to school. on small boards They used an abacus called slates. for math. yesterday and today_2-3.indd 6 3/2/17 2:04 PM 3 and Present Some things about school How are schools have changed. To change today different from is to become different. schools long ago? Now This photograph shows a school in the present. The present means now. Today, most schools have many rooms. Most children in a class are about the same age. Children may take a bus to school, or get a ride in a car. Special-needs school Home school Children have notebooks, books, There are different and computers. These are tools kinds of schools. for learning. A tool is something people use to do work. yesterday and today_2-3.indd 7 3/2/17 2:05 PM 4 Communities Past A community is a place where people live. In some ways, communities haven’t changed. They have places to live, places to work, and places to buy things.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standard Model of Particle Physics - I
    The Standard Model of Particle Physics - I Lecture 3 • Quantum Numbers and Spin • Symmetries and Conservation Principles • Weak Interactions • Accelerators and Facilities Eram Rizvi Royal Institution - London 21st February 2012 Outline The Standard Model of Particle Physics - I - quantum numbers - spin statistics A Century of Particle Scattering 1911 - 2011 - scales and units - symmetries and conservation principles - the weak interaction - overview of periodic table → atomic theory - particle accelerators - Rutherford scattering → birth of particle physics - quantum mechanics - a quick overview The Standard Model of Particle Physics - II - particle physics and the Big Bang - perturbation theory & gauge theory - QCD and QED successes of the SM A Particle Physicist's World - The Exchange - neutrino sector of the SM Model - quantum particles Beyond the Standard Model - particle detectors - where the SM fails - the exchange model - the Higgs boson - Feynman diagrams - the hierarchy problem - supersymmetry The Energy Frontier - large extra dimensions - selected new results - future experiments Eram Rizvi Lecture 3 - Royal Institution - London 2 Why do electrons not fall into lowest energy atomic orbital? Niels Bohr’s atomic model: angular momentum is quantised ⇒ only discreet orbitals allowed Why do electrons not collapse into low energy state? Eram Rizvi Lecture 3 - Royal Institution - London 3 What do we mean by ‘electron’ ? Quantum particles possess spin charge = -1 Measured in units of ħ = h/2π spin = ½ 2 mass = 0.511 MeV/c All particles
    [Show full text]
  • That's a Lot to PROCESS! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models
    1 That’s a lot to PROCESS! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models Julia M. Rohrer,1 Paul Hünermund,2 Ruben C. Arslan,3 & Malte Elson4 Path models to test claims about mediation and moderation are a staple of psychology. But applied researchers sometimes do not understand the underlying causal inference problems and thus endorse conclusions that rest on unrealistic assumptions. In this article, we aim to provide a clear explanation for the limited conditions under which standard procedures for mediation and moderation analysis can succeed. We discuss why reversing arrows or comparing model fit indices cannot tell us which model is the right one, and how tests of conditional independence can at least tell us where our model goes wrong. Causal modeling practices in psychology are far from optimal but may be kept alive by domain norms which demand that every article makes some novel claim about processes and boundary conditions. We end with a vision for a different research culture in which causal inference is pursued in a much slower, more deliberate and collaborative manner. Psychologists often do not content themselves with claims about the mere existence of effects. Instead, they strive for an understanding of the underlying processes and potential boundary conditions. The PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2017) has been an extraordinarily popular tool for these purposes, as it empowers users to run mediation and moderation analyses—as well as any combination of the two—with a large number of pre-programmed model templates in a familiar software environment. However, psychologists’ enthusiasm for PROCESS models may sometimes outpace their training.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Yesterday, How Many Times Did You Eat Vegetables, Not Counting French Fries?
    EFNEP Youth Group Checklist Grades 6th- 8th Name Date This is not a test. There are no wrong answers. Please answer the questions for yourself. Circle the answer that best describes you. For these questions, think about how you usually do things. 0 1 2 3 4 1. Yesterday, how many times did you eat vegetables, not counting French fries? Include cooked vegetables, canned vegetables None 1 time 2 times 3 times 4+ times and salads. If you ate two different vegetables in a meal or a snack, count them as two times. 2. Yesterday, how many times did you eat fruit, not counting juice? Include fresh, frozen, canned, and None 1 time 2 times 3 times 4+ times dried fruits. If you ate two different fruits in a meal or a snack, count them as two times. 3. Yesterday, how many times did you drink nonfat or 1% low-fat milk? Include low-fat chocolate or None 1 time 2 times 3 times 4+ times flavored milk, and low-fat milk on cereal. 4. Yesterday, how many times did you drink sweetened drinks like soda, fruit-flavored drinks, sports None 1 time 2 times 3 times drinks, energy drinks and vitamin water? Do not include 100% fruit juice. 5. When you eat grain products, how often do you eat whole grains, like Once in a Most of brown rice instead of white rice, Never Sometimes Always while the time whole grain bread instead of white bread and whole grain cereals? 6. When you eat out at a restaurant or fast food place, how often do Once in a Most of Never Sometimes Always you make healthy choices when while the time deciding what to eat? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses
    Regular Verbs with sound of /d/ Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses This is a list of Regular Verbs. These verbs use -ed for the simple past tense and the past participle. The –ed ending sounds like /d/ I will read the base form, the simple past tense and the past participle of the verb. Then, I will read the verb in three sentences, a simple present tense sentence, a simple past tense sentence and a present perfect tense sentence. There will be time for you to repeat the verbs and sentences. Try it, it is good practice! Base Past Past Participle Sentences Answer answered answered Simple present tense I answer the questions in class every day. Simple past tense I answered the questions in class yesterday. Present perfect tense I have just answered the teacher’s questions. Boil boiled boiled Simple present tense She boils water for tea every morning. Simple past tense She boiled water for tea this morning. Present perfect tense She has boiled water for tea for many years. Borrow borrowed borrowed Simple present tense He usually borrows money from his family. Simple past tense He borrowed $10 from me last week. Present perfect tense He has already borrowed $10 from me. Call called called Simple present tense I call my mother every Sunday. Simple past tense I called my mother last Sunday. Present perfect tense I have called my mother every Sunday for two years. Carry carried carried Simple present tense You always carry your books to school. Simple past tense You carried your books to school today.
    [Show full text]
  • Yesterday, Today, Forever Special Days Preparation
    YESTERDAY, TODAY, FOREVER SPECIAL DAYS PREPARATION + Print out 15 Bible verses of hope for the future for each member + Prepare to display an image based on a quote on hope by Chris Seidman, perhaps on the large screen, as a poster, or provide as print-outs + 15 envelopes for each member + Scissors, pens and paper Ask members to have a pen and paper Email a Bible verse to members each day If your group has not met in a while, give time for a general chat and catch-up. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND The new year is a time for looking back and looking forward. The year 2020 will probably go down in history for all the wrong reasons. The Covid-19 pandemic has deeply affected all of our lives. Some of us will be living with the effects of long Covid. Some of us will have lost people we love. All of us will have lost our liberty and freedom for a while. The high street has seen the disappearance of many businesses, even long-established ones, which are now gone for good. As we say good bye to the old year, we can thank God for his help and presence with us throughout it. We now face a new year and there is already much to give us hope. We have several vaccines being created and we will see the end to the Covid-19 pandemic and all its misery. Wonderful as this might be, even more wonderful is the promise that this amazing, powerful and faithful God of our past is the same God of our future.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect
    Regular Verbs with sound of /t/ Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses This is a list of Regular Verbs. These verbs use -ed for the simple past tense and the past participle. The –ed ending sounds like /t/ I will read the base form, the simple past tense and the past participle of the verb. Then, I will read the verb in three sentences, a simple present tense sentence, a simple past tense sentence and a present perfect tense sentence. There will be time for you to repeat the verbs and sentences. Try it, it is good practice! Base Past Past Participle Sentences Ask asked asked Simple present tense The teacher asks questions every day. Simple past tense The teacher asked questions yesterday. Present perfect tense The teacher has asked questions since class began. Bake baked baked Simple present tense She bakes a cake every week. Simple past tense She baked a cake last night. Present perfect tense She has baked a cake every week for many years. Cook cooked cooked Simple present tense I cook dinner every night. Simple past tense I cooked dinner last night. Present perfect tense I have cooked dinner every night for two weeks. Cough coughed coughed Simple present tense Abdullahi coughs a lot because he is sick. Simple past tense Abdullahi coughed a lot because he was sick. Present perfect tense Abdullahi has coughed a lot for almost a week. Clap clapped clapped Simple present tense The children always clap their hands. Simple past tense The children clapped their hands 10 minutes ago.
    [Show full text]
  • A Time-Symmetric Formulation of Quantum Entanglement
    entropy Article A Time-Symmetric Formulation of Quantum Entanglement Michael B. Heaney Independent Researcher, 3182 Stelling Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; [email protected] Abstract: I numerically simulate and compare the entanglement of two quanta using the conventional formulation of quantum mechanics and a time-symmetric formulation that has no collapse postulate. The experimental predictions of the two formulations are identical, but the entanglement predictions are significantly different. The time-symmetric formulation reveals an experimentally testable discrepancy in the original quantum analysis of the Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiment, suggests solutions to some parts of the nonlocality and measurement problems, fixes known time asymmetries in the conventional formulation, and answers Bell’s question “How do you convert an ’and’ into an ’or’?” Keywords: quantum foundations; entanglement; time-symmetric; Hanbury Brown–Twiss (HBT); Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR); configuration space 1. Introduction Smolin says “the second great problem of contemporary physics [is to] resolve the problems in the foundations of quantum physics” [1]. One of these problems is quantum entanglement, which is at the heart of both new quantum information technologies [2] and old paradoxes in the foundations of quantum mechanics [3]. Despite significant effort, a comprehensive understanding of quantum entanglement remains elusive [4]. In this paper, I compare how the entanglement of two quanta is explained by the conventional formulation of quantum mechanics [5–7] and by a time-symmetric formulation that has Citation: Heaney, M.B. A no collapse postulate. The time-symmetric formulation and its numerical simulations Time-Symmetric Formulation of can facilitate the development of new insights and physical intuition about entanglement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2009 A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes. Keith Ballard Painter East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Exercise Science Commons Recommended Citation Painter, Keith Ballard, "A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1867. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1867 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Practical Comparison between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center of Excellence in Sport Science and Coach Education and Department of Kinesiology, Leisure, and Sport Sciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Kinesiology and Sport Studies Concentration in Exercise Physiology and Performance by Keith Ballard Painter August 2009 Michael H. Stone, Ph.D., Chair Michael W. Ramsey, Ph.D. G. Gregory Haff, Ph. D. Chris Ayers Keywords: Strength, Testosterone, Cortisol, Volume, Power ABSTRACT A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes by Keith Ballard Painter Recently, comparisons of “periodized” strength training methods have become a focus of sport science.
    [Show full text]