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Yesterday and Today

IN PARTNERSHIP WITH

Yesterday_and_Today_FC.indd 1 3/2/17 2:01 PM 2 Schools At school, you learn to read and write and do math, just like children long ago. These things are the same. Then This is what a school looked like in the past. The past means long ago, the before now. Back then, schools had only one room. Children of all ages learned together.

Abacus

Hornbook

There were no buses Children used Children learned to or cars. Everyone chalk to write read from a hornbook. walked to school. on small boards They used an abacus called slates. for math.

yesterday and today_2-3.indd 6 3/2/17 2:04 PM 3 and

Some things about school How are schools have changed. To change today different from is to become different. schools long ago?

Now This photograph shows a school in the present. The present means now. Today, most schools have many rooms. Most children in a class are about the same . Children may take a bus to school, or get a ride in a car. Special-needs school

Home school

Children have notebooks, books, There are different and computers. These are tools kinds of schools. for learning. A tool is something people use to do work.

yesterday and today_2-3.indd 7 3/2/17 2:05 PM 4 Communities Past A community is a place where people live. In some ways, communities haven’t changed. They have places to live, places to work, and places to buy things. Then This is a community in Pasadena, California, in 1885.

People used horses The community Most people wrote for transportation. had stores and letters when Transportation moves homes. Some they wanted to people and goods people lived far communicate. from one place to from stores. Some Communication another. Travel was people lived is using words or slow. nearby. sounds to share ideas. Very few people had telephones.

yesterday and today_4-5.indd 6 3/2/17 2:09 PM 5 Communities Past and Present

How are communities long ago different from communities today?

Now This is a community in Pasadena, California, in the present.

The community still People use cars People mostly use has stores where and buses for phones and e-mail people can buy transportation. Travel to communicate. things. is fast. Many people go places every .

yesterday and today_4-5.indd 7 3/2/17 2:09 PM 6 Jobs Past and Present Jobs are the work people do. Some jobs are the same as they were long ago. Some jobs are different.

Then Long ago, most women worked in the home. Men mostly worked outside the home.

Coachman Blacksmith

Women made yarn. They cooked. They washed the clothes. They took care of the family, and they kept the house in order.

yesterday and today_6-7.indd 6 3/2/17 2:11 PM 7 Jobs Past and Present

How are jobs long ago different from jobs today? How are they the same?

Now Men and women work at many jobs. Some people have service jobs. Service jobs are jobs that help other people. Some people have factory jobs. Factories are buildings where things are made.

At home, men and women have jobs. Taking care of the family and the house are jobs. Cooking meals and shopping for food are jobs.

yesterday and today_6-7.indd 7 3/2/17 2:11 PM 8 Transportation Then and Now Imagine you wanted to visit a friend in Airplane another community. How would you get there?

Then Airplane Long ago, it took more time to get from one place to another. People and goods did not travel far from home. Ship

Ship

Train Train

Truck

Car Bus Faster! Neigh! Car Bicycle Bicycle

Horse

yesterday and today_8-9.indd 6 3/2/17 2:12 PM 9 Transportation Then and Now Airplane How was transportation long ago different from Airplane transportation Now today? People have used technology to make new ways for people and goods to travel. Technology is all the tools we use to make our lives easier. Ship

Ship

Train Train

Truck

Car Bus Faster! Neigh! Car Bicycle Bicycle

Horse

yesterday and today_8-9.indd 7 3/2/17 2:12 PM 10 The First Flight

These men became known as the Wright Brothers. Their names were Orville and Wilbur. They built and flew an airplane in the first successful flight. Orville Wright took the first ride. It lasted only 12 , but it was the beginning of something that would change the world.

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yesterday and today_10-11.indd 7 3/2/17 2:13 PM 12 People Past and Present Imagine meeting your great-grandparents when they were your age. What might their life have been like?

They probably spent holidays with family. They might have gone to fairs and festivals. A festival is a special time when people get together to celebrate something. Many people still like to go to festivals.

They probably had fun playing outdoors. What do you like to do for fun outdoors?

yesterday and today_12-13.indd 6 3/2/17 2:23 PM 13 and Present

How was your great- grandparents’ life different from yours? How was it the same?

They said please and thank you. They didn’t stare at others. They didn’t point. And they They probably liked had many ways of to talk to friends on showing respect to the phone. How do others. How do you show you communicate respect to others? What with friends? are your manners like?

Your great- grandmother wore dresses and skirts. She probably liked to spend time with friends. What kind of clothes do you wear? How do you spend time with friends?

yesterday and today_12-13.indd 7 3/2/17 2:14 PM 14 Learning About the Past We can learn about the past in so many ways.

We can learn from biographies. A biography is the story of a real person’s life. The information in a biography is true. It is a book of facts, not make-believe. Many biographies tell about important people from the past.

When I was young, there were no computers or e-mail. We wrote letters.

We can learn from oral . An oral is a story passed down from one generation to the next. A generation is a group of people born around the same time. You and your friends are in the same generation. You and your parents are in different generations.

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We can learn from tools from long ago. These kitchen tools were used long ago.

We can learn from folklore. Folklore is stories about animals and people. The stories are passed down from one generation to the next. Folk songs, folktales, and fairy tales are kinds of folklore.

yesterday and today_14-15.indd 7 3/2/17 2:15 PM 16 Your Life You have been learning about the past. You have a past, too. A time line can show your past.

A time line shows the order things happen. It can show days, , , or . On a time line, the things that happen first are on the left. 1 2 3 0 YEARS YEARS

Emma is born. Emma and her parents move to a new community.

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Emma turns Emma starts school. seven years old. 4 5 6 7 YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS

Emma learns to Emma ride a bicycle. changed over time. How have you changed?

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18 Activities

AN ORAL HISTORY Talking to older people is a great way to find out about the past. Think of an older person you know. The person could be your parent or grandparent. The person could be someone else you know. Ask what life was like when the person was young. Be ready with questions like these: Did people use computers? What was transportation like? What were schools like? Write down what the person says, and share it with your class.

YOUR OWN TIME LINE Make a time line of your life. Draw a long line and make a mark for each year. Draw pictures of important things you did in the past, like learning to tie your shoes. Show the pictures to an older family member or friend. Work together to place the pictures on your time line so it shows when you learned to do each thing.

Yesterday_and_Today_18-19.indd 18 3/2/17 2:20 PM 19 MAKE CONNECTIONS WITH THESE RELATED TITLES

U.S. Symbols The American People Holidays A symbol is a thing that Our grandparents and great- Independence Day. stands for something else. grandparents may have Thanksgiving. Presidents’ Our flag is one of many come from many different Day. We remember and symbols of the United parts of the world, but we celebrate people and events States. What are the are all alike in so many with holidays. Holidays are others? ways. part of our country’s history.

CALIFORNIA STANDARDS

HSS 1.4 Students compare and contrast every- day life in different and places around the world and recognize that some aspects of peo- ple, places, and things change over time while others stay the same. 1.4.1 Examine the structure of schools and commu- LEARN nities in the past. 1.4.2 Study transportation meth- ods of earlier days. 1.4.3 Recognize similarities and MORE differences of earlier generations in such areas as work (inside and outside the home), dress, manners, ONLINE! stories, games, and festivals, drawing from biogra- phies, oral histories, and folklore.

• Long ago, children • When it came to Historical and Social Analysis Skills: played many of the choosing a career, Chronological and Spatial Thinking 1. Students place key events and people of the same games children Scott Kelly started historical they are studying in a chronological play today. They training to be a sequence and within a spatial context; they interpret time lines. played different doctor. But he had 3. Students explain how the present is connected to games, too. Most of always loved flying. the past, identifying both similarities and differences between the two, and how some things change over their toys were made Later, he became time and some things stay the same. by hand. an astronaut. He Research, Evidences, and Point of View made many trips into 1. Students differentiate between primary and sec- • Farming is growing ondary sources. . 3. Students distinguish fact from fiction by compar- crops for food. ing documentary sources on historical figures and Each year, farmers events with fictionalized characters and events. get the land ready.

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Editor: Jennifer Dixon Proofreader: (nurse with patient); Monty Rakusen: p.7 bottom right (worker in Art Direction: Jennifer Dixon baking factory); Allan Cash Picture Library: p.12 upper left (family at the fair); Mira-Mira: p.12 bottom (children playing outdoors); Brobel Design Fact-Checker: Everett Collection: p.13 bottom (girls in dresses); IBL Bildbyra: Designers: Ian Brown, Marjorie Frank p.13 upper center (child showing respect); Tony Claxton: p.15 top Ed Gabel, David Ricculli, right (antique potato masher); B Christopher: p.15 bottom (folk Jeremy Rech Author: Marjorie Frank songs); DGLimages: p.16 left (newborn); Wavebreak Media ltd: Photo Research: p.16 bottom right (moving day); Dmitriy Shi-ronosov: p.17 top left (kindergarten); Radius Images: p.17 top right (birthday party); Ted Levine, President and CEO: Daniel Dempster Photography: p.19 top right (4th of July Parade). Elisabeth Morgan Ted Levine Getty Images: Bettmann: p.2 lower right (hornbook); kali9: Activities Writer: Chairman and Founder: p.3 right (special needs class); American Stock ClassicStock: p.4 Marjorie Frank Mark Levine (Pasadena, CA, 1885); monkeybusinessimages: p.7 upper left (kitchen jobs today); Allan Grant: p.13 upper left (child talking GRADE 1 TITLES on the phone); monkeybusinessimages: p.14 bottom left (talking to grandparents); Catherine Ledner: p.17 bottom (learning to ride a bike); NASA: p.19 bottom (Scott Kelly). Granger: p.6 Rules and Laws Holidays right (interior of a Colonial home). iStock: Thomas Faull: p.5 Maps and Globes Yesterday and Today (Pasadena, CA, today); olaser: p.5 upper right (person on a smartphone). Library of Congress: Edward Penfield, 1866– Where We Live The American People 1925, artist: p.6 upper left (stagecoach); pp.10–11 (Orville Wright lifting off on the first plane with Wilbur Wright on the ground). Weather Goods and Services Shutterstock: Everett Collection: p.2 left (19th-century classroom); wavebreakmedia: p.3 left (modern classroom ); Joana Lopes: p.3 U.S. Symbols lower right (child being home-schooled); Donna Beeler: p.6 bottom left (a blacksmith putting a shoe on a horse), p.6 center (carpenter); Besjunior: p.15 top center (antique pot strainer); ShestakovV: p.14 top right (Lincoln portrait on book); L-astro: p.18 (grandmother On the Cover: A sports car set in front of a modern city at night. and granddaughter); Nensu79: p.18 (time line); phloxii: p.19 top Brobel Design: Ed Gabel (sports car) / iStock: zhaojiankang left (American flag); bikeriderlondon: p.19 top center (boy with (city scene). Two-horse carriage with uniformed coachman. Getty father and grandfather); Sakdinon Kadchiangsaen: p.14 top right Images: Imagno. (reading a biography).

Picture Credits: Alamy: Stephen Barnes: p.2 right (abacus); The Original Illustrations: Advertising Archives: p.4 upper right (writing a letter); Aleksandr Michael Kline Illustration: Transportation Then and Now, Davydov: p.7 bottom left (hairstylist); Phil Boorman: p.7 upper right pp.8–9.

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