MAPS and ANNEXES the Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

MAPS AND ANNEXES The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Map I Islamic Republic of Iran

36 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 Map II Areas affected by drought

Extreme

Severe

Moderate

1. CHAHAR MAHAL - BAKHTIIARI

2. KOHKILUYEH - BOYER AHMAD

3. WEST AZARBAYJAN

37 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX I: ESTIMATED DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE DROUGHT FOR THE YEAR 1378-79 (1999-2000) FOR 21 PROVINCES

CATEGORIES MILLION RIALS Agriculture 10,217,079 Livestock 6,224,078 Urban Drinking Water 271,644 Rural Drinking Water 468,729 TOTAL: 17,154,576

Estimated Damages, Credits, Required Emergency Banking Facilities against Drought in 1379 (In million Rls.) ESTIMATED DAMAGES (EXPECTED) Required Emergency Credits Required Emergency No. Province Banking Facilities Agriculture Livestock Urban Rural Total Agriculture Livestock Urban Rural Total Agriculture Livestock Drinking Drinking Drinking Drinking Water Water Water Water 1. Ardebil 164,439 332,490 15,000 12,258 524,137 20,935 5,250 8,000 10,860 45,045 11,400 25,000 2. Boushehr 89,702 157,560 50,000 19,823 317,085 10,720 1,500 5,000 12,420 29,640 10,500 40,000 3. Chahar Mahal- 219,784 118,000 8,000 7,500 353,284 20,000 - 8,000 7,500 35,500 100,000 80,000 va-Bakhityari 4. Fars 1,310,000 633,000 11,000 44,000 1,998,000 10,000 7,000 7,000 20,000 44,000 200,000 100,000 5. Hormozgan 1,000,000 102,222 17,300 27,150 1,146,672 125,200 35,000 16,300 15,000 191,500 75,050 21,600 6. Ilam 135,850 75,000 3,340 7,000 221,190 74,000 40,000 - - 114,000 61,850 45,000 7. Isfahan 439,610 267,040 1,915 15,040 723,605 219,805 133,520 1,915 15,040 370,280 219,805 133,520 8. Kerman 1,546,960 571,493 15,000 38,710 2,172,163 42,530 7,717 15,000 14,500 79,747 367,657 180,000 9. Kermanshah 770,000 12,000 7,000 5,000 794,000 110,000 5,000 110,000 20,000 146,000 9,000 7,000 10. Khorassan 508,000 1,810,000 14,000 47,000 2,379,000 76,000 83,000 2,000 8,000 169,000 300,000 700,000 11. Khozistan 391,891 152,810 11,550 38,400 594,651 30,000 25,000 11,550 38,400 104,950 200,000 70,000 12. Kohgilouye-va- 557,220 160,000 14,350 22,401 753,971 193,790 20,000 13,250 22,401 249,441 262,130 90,000 Boyerahmad 13. Lorestan 422,618 220,000 4,050 55,000 701,668 - - 4,050 55,000 59,050 422,618 220,000 14. Markazi 361,000 100,000 11,000 13,000 485,000 114,000 5,900 9,100 13,000 142,000 21,000 14,300 15. Qom 25,925 158,983 26,900 7,920 219,728 14,000 10,195 26,900 9,000 60,095 20,000 41,900 16. Semnan 205,500 52,700 10,000 - 268,200 10,050 6,670 6,120 7,000 29,840 7,000 32,000 17. Sistan & 1,200,000 468,100 21,239 32,000 1,721,339 30,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 70,000 10,000 6,000 Baluchestan 18. Tehran 262,891 150,000 - 52,904 438,891 10,000 9,750 52,904 14,270 86,924 50,000 6,000 19. Western 490,689 200,000 15,000 6,123 711,812 25,000 50,000 - - 75,000 465,689 250,000 Azerbaijan 20. Yazd 115,000 482,680 15,000 17,500 630,180 26,000 39,220 8,000 10,000 83,220 10,000 100,000 21. Zanjan - - - - - 208,245 113,980 5,000 9,800 337,025 - - TOTAL 10,217,079 6,224,078 271,644 468,729 17,154,576 1,370,275 618,702 320,089 312,191 2,522,257 2,823,699 2,162,320

38 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX II: An analytical report on drought - The situation of the country’s water resources during the drought of 1998-2000 (Prepared by Ministry of Energy)

Introduction Drought is a phenomenon man as yet lacks the possibility to prevent, with forecasting being his only line of defence against it. This phenomenon could be examined from different perspectives – meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and economic.

Meteorological drought: It is a period (months or years) during which moisture supplied to soil or air falls below average. In other words, meteorological droughts occur when precipitation levels drop below the long-term average and temperatures rise above long-term averages. In this type of drought the relative decrease in precipitant is more 35%.

Hydrological drought: This type of drought occurs when the flow of rivers and volume of stored water (the lakes behind dams as well as natural lakes) falls below the long-term average. A fall in precipitation would generally result in hydrological drought. A 50% deficit in the monthly flow of a river compared to its average flow would amount to a hydrological drought.

Agricultural drought: these types of drought occur when the amount of soil moisture is incapable of providing required vaporisation to plants and agricultural products. Such periods of drought occur following meteorological or hydrological droughts during the growth season. The improper temporal distribution of precipitation could lead to agricultural drought.

Economic drought: This type of drought is a function of the physical processes associated with the impact of drought on man’s economic activities. It occurs when the supply of water cannot meet a region’s basic needs for water. In actual fact, it arises when all the preceding forms of drought occur simultaneously, which is a characteristic of crisis regions.

This report seeks to examine and analyse the drought hitting the country during the two-year period of 1998-2000 and present a general profile of its water resources along with the challenges facing the different regions.

A look at the state of precipitation in the drought period The average precipitation across the country since the start of the current water year (1999-2000) up to April 10 has amounted to 131.9 mm. Table 1 presents the statistical data on precipitation since the water year 1968-69. As shown in the table, this amount of precipitation for the first 7 months of the water year was the lowest compared to the amount received during the corresponding period in the preceding 31 years for which statistical data is available. The precipitation in this 7-month period shows a 52% decline relative to the long-term average and a decline of 23% from a year earlier. The graph depicting the year to year variations (Figure 1) and the moving mean (Figure 2) of the precipitation for the first 7 months of the water year of 1968- 69 up to the water year of 1999-2000 (according to table 1) indicate the intermittent occurrence of dry and wet periods at 8-year intervals.

39 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

A glance at the snow coverage during the drought period The state of precipitation across the provinces from late September of the water year of 1998- 2000 to mid-April as compared to the long-term average of the past 31 years is contained in table 3.

Statistical data relating to the snow-fed water basins of Jajroud, Taleqan, Kordan, Lar and Haraz, Karoon, Dez, Zayandeh Roud, Qezel Uzan, Talar, Tajan, Haraz, Siah Kooh, Alvand, Karand, Qeshlaq, Kashaf Rood, Atrak, Kor and the Orumiyeh Lake show that the amount of snow was 1.5 to 2 times more than the amount received in the previous year. The maximum water- equivalent of snow in the year 1999-2000 in the water basin of Jajroud was 317 mm, while the basins of Abar Kooh and Siah Kooh received a minimum amount of 30 mm. According to the report presented by the State Meteorological Organisation, the country’s temperature in April of the said year increased relative to the same month a year earlier, causing premature melting of the snow and a considerable increase in the flow of the rivers compared to the previous year. This meant that the snow coverage in the mountains was lost within an unusually short period.

A look at the state of the country’s surface waters during the drought period The surface water flow in the three-month period of January 20 to April 19 show a substantial decline relative to the long-term average. In the 30 days from January 20 to February 18 the least decline equal to – 45% occurred in the water basins of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, while the most declines at – 87.2% was in the water basin of the Orumiyeh Lake. In the 30 days from February 19 to March 20 the least fall of – 64% was in the Markazi water basin, while the most at – 93.6% occurred in the water basins of Hamoon and Sarakhs. From March 21 to April 19 the corresponding figures related to the water basins of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman at – 41.2% and – 98.2% respectively.

A comparison of the surface water flow in the above-mentioned period in the water year of 1999- 2000 compared to 1998-99 shows a decline in the surface flows of the country’s water basins. The figures for this decline are 16.7% to 62.9% for the period of January 20-February 18, 2.7% to 72.7% for the period of February 19-Mrch 20, and a rise of 4.6% to 119.6% and – 23.5% to – 89.2%. for the period of Mach 21-April 19. The relevant data are given in table 4.

An examination of the volume of the country’s surface waters in the years 1998-99 and 1999- 2000 shows that the largest 2-year average volume belonged to the water basin of the Persian Gulf (25,659 million cm), while the lowest amount was that of the eastern basin (403 million cm).

An examination of the state of ground waters during the drought period In this report sample plateaux capable of presenting a general picture of the groundwater fluctuations in the aquifers of the country’s different regions have been selected for examination (table 5).

A. The north-western region: This region consists of the provinces of East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil and parts of Kordestan. In this region the plateaux of Ardebil and Khoy have been studied. The fall observed

40 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 in the level of groundwater in this region in 1999 was found to be slightly more than the average decline of the preceding years, which is supposed to be a function of reduced rainfall.

B. The northern region This region covers the water basins of the Caspian Sea consisting of the aquifers of Lahijan- Ramsar, Chalus-Qaemshahr, Zanjan and Dehkolan. Because of proximity to the Caspian Sea, the aquifers in this region tend to be sensitive to falling levels and in conditions of drought are generally unsuitable to exploitation as a result of subjection to a relentless seepage of the salt water from the sea.

C. The northeastern region: This region includes the northern part of Khorassan province and the easternmost part of Golestan province. The fall in the level of groundwater in the Mashad plateau between March 1998 and March 1999 amounted to 80 centimetres.

D. Central Iran: This region covers an extensive area consisting of the southern slopes of the Alborz range extending from the Zagros range in the west to the eastern parts of the country. The ‘abkhans’ in the plateaux of this region, except for some in the plateaux of Qom, Arak and Tabas, which have smaller aquifers than those in the country’s other central plateaux, are generally large. These aquifers have been experiencing a steady fall in the past. However, the recent past years have seen a remarkable acceleration of this process as a result of declining rainfall.

E. Jazmoorian: The plateaus of Jiroft and Iranshahr have been chosen to examine the state of groundwater fluctuations in this region. Due to the extensive size of its alluvial aquifers and the existence of rivers with relatively large water basins, the effects of short-term droughts on the reserves of the aquifers are very small in this region. This is clear from the graph relating to the Jiroft plateau, whose groundwater reserves are shown to have remained more or less stable.

F. The south and southeastern regions: This region includes the southern slopes of the Zagros range, the provinces of Boushehr and Hormozgan, parts of southern Fars, the southwestern provinces and Khozistan. The alluvial aquifers of this region are generally of an average size and tend to react fairly severely to climatic conditions.

G. The eastern region: This region covers the province of Sistan-Baluchestan and the southern part of Khorassan province. Most of the aquifers in this region are small in size and accordingly subject to relatively remarkable reactions to changes in the level of rainfall.

Summing up and conclusions Determining the processes involved in the continuation of drought in the country’s water basins requires accurate statistical data covering a long period. The number of successive years of water scarcity and the ratio of average flow in dry years to annual averages are presented in table 3. The calculations in this connection are based on the available statistics and the graphs depicting

41 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 the annual water yield dispersion relative to the average annual yield of the country’s water basins and data relating to the number of years of smaller-than-average-flow.

On the basis of the graphs plotted and the contents of table 6, the longest droughts over a period of 8 years occurred in the water basins of the Oroumiyeh Lake, Hamoon-Hirmand, Mashkil, southern Baluchestan and Kalshoor, mostly located in the eastern region. Next come droughts lasting over varying periods in the desert basins of Anjeer an Jazmoorian (7 years), Roudkal an Abar Kooh-Sirjan (6 years), Caspian Sea coast, Marzi Gharb, Karkheh, the great Karoon, Maroon-Jarrahi, Maharloo-Bakhtegan, Bandar Abbas-Sedij, Gavkhooni, Siah Kooh- Deghsorkh- Reegzarrin, the Salt Lake, Atrak, Namakzar-e Khaf, and the Central Desert (5 years). The drought experienced by other water basins continued over periods of 3 to 4 years.

The occurrence of long dry and wet periods in Sistan-Baluchestan can be ascribed to the impact of the climatic currents resulting from the Monsoon phenomenon. As shown in table 6, in these regions the ratio of water flows during periods drought to the average annual flow is as low as 0.29. In other regions, this ratio varies between 0.38 and 0.80. In the Desert Lake basin, where Tehran is located, the number of dry years and the said ratio have been 5 and 0.65 respectively.

To determine the intensity of drought, the return cycles of the amounts of precipitation in the dry years were collated for 30 water basins. The results obtained from this collation are presented in table 6. According to these results, the return cycle of precipitation for the water year of 1999- 2000 has varied among the basins depending on the climatic conditions. Generally, drought in wet basins has had a low return cycle, while the arid and semi-arid ones have had higher return cycles.

As shown in table 6, the highest return cycles of drought have been observed in the water basins of Baluchestan, Kal-Mehran, Hamoon, Mashkil, the Anjeer Desert, and the Abar Kooh Desert- Sirjan, which are located in southeastern Iran. It can thus be concluded that the southeastern part of the country has faced more severe droughts, with the intensity abating as we move toward the northern and western regions.

Iran’s arid and semi-arid climate has made the country highly vulnerable to low precipitation. In the surface water sector, reduced precipitation is fast reflected in the declining amounts of the running water resources. However, in the alluvial aquifers the effects appear with some delay and a single wet year in obviously not enough to offset the losses sustained by the groundwater resources.

As well as reducing the amount of surface waters, diminished precipitation of the recent years has drastically slashed the reserves of country’s aquifers. The extent of decline in these resources is such that the water year of 1999-2000, far from offsetting the extra withdrawal and the amount of loss suffered in 1998-99, has actually seen an equal amount of loss in the country’s aquifers.

Given the country’s climatic diversity, the impact of the droughts of the recent years has varied from region to region, although the demographic and economic features of different regions also have to be taken into account in examining the consequences. In other words, some regions, despite a sharp fall in precipitation, have not faced severe shortages of water. In most cases, this

42 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 has been because of such factors as the distribution of population and the absence of any significant levels of industrial and agricultural activities. On the other hand, in some areas, an ever-growing need for water is compounded by limited water resources. Such conditions result in the emergence of problematic situations verging on a full-fledged crisis.

On the basis of the latest statistical data, the country’s total volume of water withdrawal from underground sources (wells and Qantas) amounts to 52.11 billion cm a year. A breakdown of total consumption is given in tables 8 to 14 by 30 category 2 water basins and 6 category 1 basins.

As shown in the tables, the most withdrawal in the category 2 water basins relates to the Salt Lake (9,894.5 cm), while the country’s central plateau accounts for highest withdrawal (30,138 cm) among the category 1 basins.

To make an estimation of the volume of decline in the groundwater reserves, a number of the country’s plateaus were studied. The highest decline (over one meter) related to such plateaus as Tehran-Karaj, Darab, Ramhormoz, Zanjan, etc. A general survey revealed a fall of 0.47 m in the groundwater contained by alluvial aquifers, representing a reserve deficit of about 6.9 billion cubic meters.

The deficit in the alluvial aquifers across the country amounts to 6,874 million cm, with the largest amount in the category 2 water basins relating to the Salt Lake (1,448 cm) and the greatest amount among the category 1 basins belonging to the Central Plateau (4,144 cm).

The deficit of reservoir volume relative to the volume of annual withdrawal shows great variations among different water basins. While the Salt Lake basin has the largest reserve deficit, the deficit in the Abar Kooh-Sirjan amounts to about 30% of the annual underground withdrawal. Thus the issue of the vulnerability of the country’s water tables in terms of reserve deficit and the ratio of deficit to annual withdrawal is an alarming figure.

A glance at the tables 8 to 14 shows that in those water basins where decline in precipitation relative to the long-term average in the past two years has been significant, the level of the groundwater has gone down at an equally faster pace.

The rate of precipitation in the water years of 1999-2000 and 1998-99 has been respectively 35.7% and 20.6% of the long-term average, while the running water in the same years posted a decline of respectively 55.5% and 41.5% relative to the long-term average.

The average rate of precipitation and running water during the past two years relative to the long- term average across the country declined by 28% a 48.5% respectively. The highest rate of decline in running water was 81% in the Rabech-Bahookalat basin. In the water basins of Hamoon-Mashkil, Hamoon-Jazmoorian, the Salt Lake, the Oroumiyeh Lake, Kal and Mehran, Mand, Karkheh, Marzi-e-Gharb and great Sefid Roud the rate of decline in running water exceeded 50% of the long-term average. In the water basins of the Oroumiyeh Lake, Karkheh, Marzi-e-Gharb and great Sefid Roud it would somehow be possible to make up for the shortfall

43 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 from groundwater reserves, but this alternative would severely or, in some cases, irreparably damage the aquifers in other basins.

Significant deficits are observable in the aquifers of many of the internal, eastern and southeastern water basins (specified by the codes 4, 5 and 6 respectively and part of the code 2 basins). Among these, mention can be made of Abar Kooh-Sirjan, the Central Desert in Anjeer, Bandar Abbas- Sedij, the Loot Desert, Degh Patargan-Namadzar-e Khaf, Hamoon, Hirmand, and Ghareh Ghoom. This is in addition to a sharp decline in precipitation (over 20%) and running water (more than 40%).

In consideration of the above-said, the country’s 30 water basins were classified the basis of the following criteria: 1. The percentage of decline in average precipitation relative to the long-term average. 2. The fall in the average amount of running water relative to the long-term average. 3. The deficit in the reserves of the alluvial reservoirs relative to the annual withdrawal. 4. The possibilities for storing water in reservoir dams. 5. Conditions regarding precipitation and the possibility of recovering the aquifer deficits. 6. Population density and the state of economic activities.

Table 7 shows the classification criteria of water resources situation in the country’s category 2 water basins along with a qualitative valuation of the above-mentioned criteria.

In operational terms, these conditions can be categorized as follows:

Critical conditions. These are conditions in which further exploitation of the groundwater is either impossible or entails serious damage to the groundwater reserves and decreases the possibility of natural recovery in the long-term.

Conditions of water scarcity. These are conditions where water scarcity can be addressed through management and planning (software) measures.

Conditions of water tension. In these conditions further exploitation of water can minimize economic losses without causing substantial damage to the groundwater reserves. In such conditions particular attention has to be paid to conservation, specially given the fact that difficulties may arise in supplying water to the agricultural sector.

Tolerable conditions. In these conditions the scarcity situation can be dealt with without resorting to any special measures.

Map 1 specifies the critical, scarcity, tension and tolerable situations for the country’s category 2 water basins. The country’s geographical boundaries are also delineated in the map. It shows that the water basins of Kal and Mehran, Rabech-Bahookalat, the Abar Kooh desert-Sirjan, the Siah Kooh Desert, the desert in Anjeer, and the eastern part of the Hamoon-e Jazmoorian fall within the critical regions. It is worth mentioning that the assessment of the drought situation and classification of the country’s water basins from the viewpoint of water resources are based on the data averages for the years 1998-99 and 1999-2000.

44 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

The country’s average water potential has been determined on the basis of measurements made of the volume of precipitation in the two years of 1998-99 and 1999-2000. The results are contained in Map 2. An examination of the data presented in this map shows that the country’s average water potential in the past two years has hovered around 88 billion cubic meters, representing a decline of 32% relative to the long-term average (31 years).

45 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Figure 1: Statiscal Data on 7-month Precipitation of Water Year

350 298.1 288.1 284.6 300 282.1 274.3 255.9 248.1 246.5 231.7 250 230.9 230.7 214 221.9 204.2 176.9 241.6 212.1 199.5 220.9 231.6 184.7 208.8 200 192.1 171.9 170.3 208.4 164.5 162.1 152.6 151.8 151.9 150 131.9 151.8 100

1347-481348-491349-501350-511351-521352-531353-541354-551355-561356-571357-581358-591359-601360-611361-621362-631363-641364-651365-661366-671367-681368-691369-701370-711371-721372-731373-741374-751375-761376-771377-781378-79

Average for 32 years

46 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Figure 2: "7" Monthly Cumulative Rainfall (1347-48 to 1378-79) 5 Years Moving Average

301

267

233

199

165

131 1347 1350 1353 1356 1359 1362 1365 1368 1371 1374 1377

47 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 1: S TATISTICAL DATA ON 7-MONTH PRECIPITATION OF WATER YEAR FROM 1347-48 TO 1378-79

Year Mehr Aban Azar Dey Bahman Esfand Farvardin 7-month Total 1347- 5.2 31.0 42.7 52.3 50.7 46.4 53.8 282.1 48 1348- 10.8 23.5 13.4 37.7 29.2 39.7 16.0 170.3 49 1349- 4.1 7.3 27.0 14.3 34.1 26.3 38.7 151.8 50 1350- 4.0 27.4 25.9 44.2 53.2 63.2 38.0 255.9 51 1351- 3.8 16.2 36.7 25.2 20.1 25.8 24.8 152.6 52 1352- 2.8 8.0 16.7 48.2 65.3 46.9 43.0 230.9 53 1353- 3.6 6.5 39.1 37.1 44.9 31.4 22.1 184.7 54 1354- 7.3 10.6 35.0 39.8 71.2 60.6 63.6 288.1 55 1355- 8.5 15.2 20.0 74.1 25.2 18.3 38.2 199.5 56 1356- 11.5 37.3 27.4 38.1 28.7 51.9 13.5 208.4 57 1357- 4.2 23.9 40.0 32.3 49.0 29.2 25.6 204.2 58 1358- 4.9 10.9 43.9 36.2 70.1 57.9 24.2 248.1 59 1359- 5.5 21.2 26.7 35.1 45.1 49.5 37.8 220.9 60 1360- 11.9 8.4 15.8 41.5 62.1 55.5 36.5 231.7 61 1361- 21.8 38.1 36.6 40.4 31.3 34.0 44.3 246.5 62 1362- 5.0 7.1 31.4 20.6 20.4 28.6 38.7 151.8 63 1363- 8.8 25.8 32.3 41.4 28.9 20.6 19.1 176.9 64 1364- 6.9 15.3 39.5 18.9 35.8 36.9 38.8 192.1 65

48 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

1365- 6.5 22.4 84.0 12.9 16.5 46.3 42.1 230.7 66 1366- 18.3 25.0 17.3 61.9 44.2 45.1 19.8 231.6 67 1367- 7.2 11.8 18.0 30.5 25.3 35.9 23.2 151.9 68 1368- 4.3 24.3 51.0 32.1 53.6 21.3 22.2 208.8 69 1369- 6.4 9.4 8.1 43.4 36.5 70.9 39.3 214 70 1370- 14.2 8.8 55.3 40.2 40.8 41.8 40.5 241.6 71 1371- 8.0 10.2 50.3 80.4 68.0 51.6 16.1 284.6 72 1372- 3.9 26.9 21.1 19.6 28.7 38.8 25.5 164.5 73 1373- 17.0 46.9 45.2 13.1 36.8 31.0 31.9 221.9 74 1374- 7.5 8.8 43.9 62.7 41.6 82.6 51.0 298.1 75 1375- 7.6 6.8 10.4 26.9 19.5 41.4 49.5 162.1 76 1376- 5.6 40.4 45.1 47.0 63.7 44.0 28.9 274.3 77 1377- 6.6 5.4 5.5 41.4 40.2 60.5 12.3 171.9 78 1378- 4.4 19.5 18.2 35.9 29.7 9.4 14.8 131.9 79 Avera 7.9 19.2 33.3 38.3 41.4 42.4 33.6 212.1 ge for 32 years

49 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 2: MONTHLY STATISTICAL DATA ON PRECIPITATION OF WATER YEAR FROM 1347-48 TO 1378-79

Year Mehr Aban Azar Dey Bahman Esfand Farvardin Ordibehesht Khordad Tir Mordad Shahrivar Yearly Total 1347-48 5.2 31.0 42.7 52.3 50.7 46.4 53.8 20.9 7.0 3.2 1.9 6.7 321.8 1348-49 10.8 23.5 13.4 37.7 29.2 39.7 16.0 18.5 2.8 2.5 3.4 6.4 203.9 1349-50 4.1 7.3 27.0 14.3 34.1 26.3 38.7 14.9 4.8 1.5 3.0 1.2 177.2 1350-51 4.0 27.4 25.9 44.2 53.2 63.2 38.0 36.7 7.0 2.3 3.4 2.9 308.2 1351-52 3.8 16.2 36.7 25.2 20.1 25.8 24.8 9.0 4.8 7.9 2.9 3.0 180.2 1352-53 2.8 8.0 16.7 48.2 65.3 46.9 43.0 12.1 4.0 7.2 2.5 5.4 262.1 1353-54 3.6 6.5 39.1 37.1 44.9 31.4 22.1 35.0 4.7 1.8 6.4 3.0 235.6 1354-55 7.3 10.6 35.0 39.8 71.2 60.6 63.6 27.6 6.1 4.1 7.8 3.2 336.9 1355-56 8.5 15.2 20.0 74.1 25.2 18.3 38.2 15.6 10.8 5.0 4.9 4.3 240.1 1356-57 11.5 37.3 27.4 38.1 28.7 51.9 13.5 14.5 7.6 5.5 1.2 1.6 238.8 1357-58 4.2 23.9 40.0 32.3 49.0 29.2 25.6 23.2 7.7 1.3 1.3 3.0 240.7 1358-59 4.9 10.9 43.9 36.2 70.1 57.9 24.2 11.6 2.6 0.9 3.4 2.9 269.5 1359-60 5.5 21.2 26.7 35.1 45.1 49.5 37.8 29.2 4.6 5.8 1.8 3.1 265.4 1360-61 11.9 8.4 15.8 41.5 62.1 55.5 36.5 17.3 7.6 3.1 3.3 2.1 265.1 1361-62 21.8 38.1 36.6 40.4 31.3 34.0 44.3 21.7 6.7 2.2 4.9 4.9 286.9 1362-63 5.0 7.1 31.4 20.6 20.4 28.6 38.7 25.4 2.6 1.0 3.1 1.9 185.8 1363-64 8.8 25.8 32.3 41.4 28.9 20.6 19.1 13.0 2.4 1.0 2.1 3.6 199 1364-65 6.9 15.3 39.5 18.9 35.8 36.9 38.8 29.0 7.3 2.3 3.7 4.0 238.4 1365-66 6.5 22.4 84.0 12.9 16.5 46.3 42.1 10.2 7.5 1.6 7.7 2.8 260.5 1366-67 18.3 25.0 17.3 61.9 44.2 45.1 19.8 26.1 3.0 8.2 6.7 6.7 282.3 1367-68 7.2 11.8 18.0 30.5 25.3 35.9 23.2 11.7 1.4 1.6 4.2 5.0 175.8 1368-69 4.3 24.3 51.0 32.1 53.6 21.3 22.2 8.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 223.2 1369-70 6.4 9.4 8.1 43.4 36.5 70.9 39.3 15.7 4.0 1.8 0.4 2.0 237.9 1370-71 14.2 8.8 55.3 40.2 40.8 41.8 40.5 49.3 10.7 2.8 5.6 4.0 314 1371-72 8.0 10.2 50.3 80.4 68.0 51.6 16.1 36.2 9.0 1.8 2.3 4.8 338.7 1372-73 3.9 26.9 21.1 19.6 28.7 38.8 25.5 22.1 3.1 5.3 3.1 3.7 201.8 1373-74 17.0 46.9 45.2 13.1 36.8 31.0 31.9 32.2 13.2 5.2 4.9 5.3 282.7 1374-75 7.5 8.8 43.9 62.7 41.6 82.6 51.0 15.8 9.0 3.2 1.3 3.9 331.3 1375-76 7.6 6.8 10.4 26.9 19.5 41.4 49.5 20.8 9.9 6.9 1.4 4.3 205.4 1376-77 5.6 40.4 45.1 47.0 63.7 44.0 28.9 21.1 5.6 2.8 5.1 4.7 313.6 1377-78 6.6 5.4 5.5 41.4 40.2 60.5 12.3 10.4 0.5 4.4 4.5 3.6 195.3 1378-79 4.4 19.5 18.2 35.9 29.7 9.4 14.8 ------Average 7.9 19.2 33.3 38.3 41.4 42.4 33.6 21.5 6.0 3.4 3.5 3.7 254.2 32 years

50 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 3: PRECIPITATION SITUATION OF PROVINCES FROM MEHR TO FARVARDIN OF THE WATER YEAR 1378-79

NO. PROVINCE PERCENTAGE OF CHANGES TOWARD THE LONG-TERM AVERAGE 1. Eastern Azerbaijan North and eastern south 20% decrease, rest 40% decrease (30%)

2. Western Azerbaijan North 20%, western south up to 60% and rest up to 40% decrease (30%)

3. Ardebil 20% decrease (20%)

4. Isfahan 70% of the province’s area up to 40% and rest up to 60% decrease (46%)

5. Ilam 50% decrease (50%)

6. Boushehr Half of the province up to 80% and rest up to 60% decrease (70%)

7. Tehran 40% decrease (40%)

8. Chahar Mahal-va- Bakhityari 40% decrease (40%)

9. Khorassan North part of the province 15% increase, Central part up to 40% and south part of the province up to 60% decrease (50%) 10. Khozistan 50% decrease

11. Zanjan Western part of the province up to 40% and rest up to 20% decrease (30%)

12. Semnan 40% decrease (40%)

13. Sistan & Baluchestan Southern part of the province up to 98%, east up to 80% and rest up to 60% decrease (80%) 14. Fars South and central up to80% and rest up to 60% decrease (80%)

15. Qazvin Northern part of the province up to 20% and rest up to 40% decrease (30%)

16. Qom 40% decrease (40%)

17. Kordestan East and some central parts up to 20%, north up to 40% and rest up to 60% decrease (30%) 18. Kerman Some parts in north, west and east up to 60%, eastern south part up to 20% and 10% of the total area of the province up to 80% decrease (42%) 19. Kermanshah Half of the province up to 40% and rest 60% decrease (50%)

20. Kohgilouye-va-Boyerahmad 60% decrease (60%)

21. Golestan 15% total increase, 10% of the southern area 40% decrease (-)

22. Gilan Western part of the province 15% increase, central up to 20% and east up to 40% decrease (15%) 23. Lorestan 40% decrease (40%)

24. Mazandaran Western part of the province 40% and 20% decrease in east (60% of total area up to 20% and the rest up to 40% decrease) (15%) 25. Markazi 40% decrease (40%)

26. Hormozgan Eastern part of the province up to 20% and western part up to 80% decrease (50%) 27. Hamedan Western north up to 20% and rest up to 40% decrease (30%)

28. Yazd 60% decrease (60%)

51 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 4: SITUATION OF THE SURFACE WATER RESROUCES IN THE COUNTRY IN THE MONTHS OF BAHMAN, ISFAHAN & FARVARDIN 1378-79

Name of water Quantity of surface water MCM Quantity of surface water Percentage of decrease of the Percentage of increase or sheds in the MCM quantity of surface water decrease of the quantity of Country Water year 78-79 surface water Long-term average Water year 78-79 toward the long- term average Water year 78-79 toward year of 77-78 Bahman Esfand Farvardin Bahman Esfand Farvardin Bahman Esfand Farvardin Bahman Esfand Farvardin

Mazandaran 250.045 294.38 862.113 831.19 846.11 179.05 -69.9 -65.2 -51.9 -20.4 -2.7 +119.6

Persian Gulf and 1550 1467 3409 2820 4142 5798 -45 -64.6 -41.2 -62.9 -62.9 +4.6 Oman Sea Oroumiyeh Lake 26.343 43.203 236.004 205.966 425.296 902.736 -87.2 -89.8 -73.9 -57.7 -41 +81.3

Markazi 177.95 203.902 399.675 326.74 566.5 834.646 -45.5 -64 -52.1 -34.2 -69.7 -23.5

Hamoon & 34.89 11.42 7.152 126.15 179.9 394.658 -72.3 -93.6 -98.2 -39.5 -72.7 -89.2 Sarakhs Entire country 2037 2019 4914 4305 6160 9721 -52.7 -67.2 -49.5 -16.7 -59.9 +12.4

52 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 5: SITUATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN SELECTED VALLIES

NO. NAME OF THE VALLEY HEIGHT OF SURFACE HEIGHT OF THE SURFACE WATER WATER IN ESFAND SURFACE WATER IN DIFFERENCES 1377 ESFAND 1378 1. Khoy 1139.83 1135.87 -3.96 2. Ardebil 1336.18 1335.3 -0.88 3. Lahijan -8.42 -7.89 +0.53 4. Chalus – Ramsar -5.01 -4.98 +0.03 5. Qaem-Shahr -1.16 -1.49 -0.33 6. Zanjan 1681.88 1680.85 -1.03 7. Dehgalan 1843.12 1841.29 -1.83 8. Mashad 1046.05 1045.26 -0.79 9. Tabas 641.03 641.03 -0.47 10. Barkhar 1542.25 1543 +0.75 11. Ghale Biyaban 1347.63 1345.97 -1.66 12. Darab 1082.28 1080.66 -1.62 13. Daryan – Kharameh 1561.28 1559.98 -1.3 14. Zarand 1606.52 1604.72 -1.8 15. Damghan 1097.77 1097.5 -0.27 16. Qom 860.15 860 -0.15 17. Arak 1689.51 1689.38 -0.13 18. Tehran 1157.8 1154.9 -2.9 19. Yazd 1112.42 1111.93 -0.49 20. Sirjan 1709.49 1708.52 -0.97 21. Jiroft 617.3 616.83 -0.47 22. Iranshahr 541.56 541.18 -0.38 23. Ramhormoz 91.9 90.53 -1.37 24. Kermanshah 1310.8 1309.8 -1 25. Minab 11.83 11.58 -0.25 26. Takht – Shamil 32.59 32.16 -0.43 27. Ladiz 1104.88 1104.85 -0.03

53 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 6: ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF WATER SHORTAGE YEARS & REVISAL OF DROUGHT (1378-79)

MAIN WATER SHEDS NO. CODE NAME OF THE WATER BASIN CONSECUTIVE AVERAGE OF ASSESSMENT OF REVISAL YEARS OF WATER DROUGHT PERIOD PRECIPITATION ACCORDING SHORTAGE COMPARED IN 1378-79 TO YEAR TOWARD THE (MM) TOTAL AVERAGE Mazandaran Sea 1. 11 Aras 4 0.8 195.7 20 2. 12 Talesh, Anzali Lagoon 3 0.71 852.9 10 3. 13 Great Sefid Roud 4 0.73 280.4 10 4. 14 Rivers between Sefid and 5 0.6 540.6 10 Haraz 5. 15 Haraz & Gharesou 5 0.6 528.4 8 6. 16 Gharesou & Gorgan 4 0.56 427.8 8 7. 17 Atrak 5 0.6 313.7 8 Persian Gulf & Oman Sea 8. 21 Western boarder 5 0.85 302.2 20 9. 22 Karkheh 5 0.59 302.2 20 10. 23 Great Karoon 5 0.63 494 10 11. 24 Jarrahi & Zohreh 5 0.49 264.5 20 12. 25 Haleh Roud 3 0.63 212 8 13. 26 Mand, Kariyan & Khanj 5 0.56 165.5 20 14. 27 Kal – Mehran & Southern 6 0.42 63.9 100 floodways 15. 28 Bandar-Abbas, Sedij 5 0.54 232.4 5 16. 29 Rabch – Bahoo Kolat 8 0.39 5.22 100 Oroumiyeh 17. 30 Oroumiyeh 8 0.8 222.9 25 18. 41 Namak Lake 5 0.38 207 10 19. 42 Gavkhooni 5 0.54 195.3 20 20. 43 Tashk – Bakhtegan & 5 0.52 263.9 20 Vaharlou 21. 44 Abar-Ghou Desert – Sirjan 6 0.39 125.1 50 Markazi 22. 45 Hamoon, Jazmoorian 7 0.4 78.3 10 23. 46 Loot Desert 10 0.77 57.2 50 24. 47 Markazi Desert 5 0.65 91.3 20 25. 48 Siah Kooh Desert – Rigzarin 5 0.39 40 20 26. 49 Dar Anjeer Desert 7 0.49 51.2 100

54 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

MAIN WATER SHEDS NO. CODE NAME OF THE WATER BASINS CONSECUTIVE AVERAGE OF ASSESSMENT OF REVISAL YEARS OF WATER DROUGHT PERIOD PRECIPITATION ACCORDING SHORTAGE COMPARED IN 1378-79 TO YEAR TOWARD THE (MM) TOTAL AVERAGE Eastern Board 27. 51 Betrgan Khaf 5 0.46 76.7 25 28. 52 Hamoon, Mirmand 8 0.29 53.8 10 29. 53 Hamoon Mashkil 8 0.39 26.6 50 Ghareh Ghoom 30 60 Ghareh Ghoom 4 0.57 142.9 20

TABLE 7: CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA OF WATER RESOURCES SITUATION

Situation Percentage of Percentage of flowing Deficit percentage of Possible deficit Possible storage precipitation decrease water decrease toward reservoir quantity compensation of in reservoir toward the average the average duration toward the yearly taking groundwater dams duration of underground water storage Critical 50-75 60-85 20-30 Very little Very little Shortage 35-50 40-60 10-20 Little Little Tension 20-35 30-40 5-10 Almost little Almost little Bearable Less than 20 Less than 30 Less than 5 Compensated Possible

55 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 8: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN MAZANDARAN WATER SHED

No. Water Basins Long term Water year 77-78 Water year 78-79 Two-year average Difference two- Ground Deficit Compensat Water 31 year year average water quantity ion between shed toward the long- Taking of ground deficit situation term (percent) (Qanat) water reservoir on water Name Code Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing M.C.M. quantity crisis mm water mm water mm water mm water water toward basis MCM MCM MCM MCM taking 1 Aras 11 286.8 2288 232.2 1427 195.7 1015 214.0 1221 -25 -46.6 1147 136.3 12% Water tension 2 Talesh- 12 969.6 2620 892.7 1857 853.9 1500 873.3 1679 -10 -36 285.1 - - Bearable Anzali Lagoon 3 Sefid 13 367.8 5223 234.2 2561 280.4 2588 257.3 2574 -30 -51 1134.8 44.6 4% Bearable Roud 4 Lahijan- 14 774 2486 748.2 1850 540.6 1128 644.4 1489 -16.7 -40 318.6 10.8 3% Bearable Nour 5 Haraz – 15 629.9 3379 505 2085 528.4 1841 517 1963 -17.9 -42 1011 163.7 16% Water Neka tension 6 Gharesou 16 414.8 760.6 382.3 540 427.8 510 405 525 -2.4 -31 846 251 30% Water – Gorgan shortage Roud 7 Atrak 17 316 770 297.5 558 313.7 497 305.6 528 -3.3 -31 525.3 65.4 13% Water shortage Total 1 422.2 17526.6 341.2 10878 342.3 9079 341.7 9979 -19 -43 5267.8 671.8 13%

57 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 9: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN PERSIAN GULF & OMAN SEA WATERSHED

No. Water Basins Long term Water year 77-78 Water year 78-79 Two-year average Difference two- Ground Deficit Compensat Water 31 year year average water quantity ion between shed toward the long- Taking of ground deficit situation term (percent) (Qanat) water reservoir on water Name Code Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing M.C.M. quantity crisis mm water mm water mm water mm water water toward basis MCM MCM MCM MCM taking 1 Western 21 494.5 8066 256.7 3224 302.2 3205 279.4 3215 -43.5 -60 269.1 7.2 3% Water boarder tension 2 Karkheh 22 444.7 6905 256.9 3072 302.2 3050 279.5 3061 -37 -56 2870 670.1 23% Water tension 3 Great 23 671 23961 498.1 13695 494 11466 496 12580 -26 -47 2098.2 124.5 5.9% Bearable Karoon 4 Jarrahi & 24 439.8 5730 502 5036 264.5 2240 383.2 3638 -12.8 -36 1090.3 - - Water Zohreh tension 5 Halleh 25 315 956 355.2 830 212 418 283.6 624 -7 -35 320.9 3.1 1% Bearable 6 Mand 26 384.3 2274 278.1 1267 165.5 637 221.8 952 -42.3 -58 2550.2 31.5 1.2% Water shortage 7 Kal- 27 249.6 1617 170.7 852 63.9 269 117.3 561 -53 -65 901.4 75.2 8% Critical Mehran 8 Bandar 28 243 1416 205.8 923 232.4 880 219.1 902 -9.8 -36 659.9 149.9 23% Water Abbas – shortage Sedij 9 Rabej- 29 111.3 669 50.2 233 5.22 20 27.7 126 -75 -81 168.9 - - Critical Bahoo Kolat Total 2 383.7 51594 284.4 29132 232.8 22185 258.6 25659 -32.6 -50.3 10928.9 1057.59 10%

58 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 10: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN THE CENTRAL PLAIN WATERSHED

No. Water Basins Long term Water year 77-78 Water year 78-79 Two-year Difference two- Ground Deficit Compensa- Water 31 year average year average water quantity tion shed toward the long- Taking of ground between situation term (percent) (Qanat) water deficit on water Name Code Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing Rain Flowing M.C.M. reservoir crisis mm water mm water mm water mm water water quantity basis MCM MCM MCM MCM toward taking 1 Namak 41 265.2 3591 164.3 1713 207 1823 186 1768 -22.9 -51 9849.5 1447.6 15% Water Lake shortage 2 Gavkhooni 42 269.4 2115 205.4 1242 195.3 997 200.3 1120 -25.6 -47 3178.1 10.7 0.5% Water tension 3 Tashk – 43 412.4 2354 385.2 1693 263.9 980 324.5 1337 -21.3 -43 3513.1 48.4 1.4% Water Bakhtegan tension and Maharlou 4 Abar Ghou 44 246.2 1013 236.6 750 125.1 335 181 543 -26.5 -46 1710.4 508.7 30% Critical desert – Sirjan 5 Hamoon 45 150 866 106.9 475 78.3 294 92.6 385 -38.3 -56 2126 33.5 1.6% In west Jazmoorian shortage, in east water crisis 6 Lout desert 46 104 1058 98.4 861 57.2 423 77.8 642 -25.2 -39 2036 123.3 6% Water tension 7 Markazi 47 150.4 2981 124.7 1903 91.3 1177 108 1540 -28.2 -48 5401 1402.5 26% Water desert shortage 8 Siah Kooh- 48 85.6 246 108.8 241 40 75 74.4 158 -13.1 -36 1169.5 287.1 24.5% Critical Dagh Sorkh and Rig Zarrin deserts 9 Dar Anjeer 49 105.2 444 130.4 424 51.2 141 90.8 283 -13.7 -36 1155 282.1 24.4% Critical desert Total 4 166.8 14668 142.1 9302 103 6245 122.6 7776 -26.5 -47 30138.6 4143.9 14%

59 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 11: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN OROUMIYEH LAKE WATERSHED

TABLE 12: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN THE EASTERN BOARDER WATERSHED

60 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

TABLE 13: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN GHAREH GHOOM DESERT WATERSHED

TABLE 14: WATER RESOURCES ’ SITUATION IN THE ENTIRE COUNTRY

61 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Map 1 of Annex II

62 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Map 2 of Annex II

63 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX III: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE INTER -AGENCY TECHNICAL MISSION

Mission Members: The team members will be from the following disciplines: -- Livestock/veterinary services (FAO) -- Early Warning System (FAO) -- Water and sanitation/Public health (WHO) -- Hydrology (UNESCO) -- Humanitarian/Emergency Relief (UN-OCHA) UNDP Tehran will participate in the mission and coordinate the exercise.

Mission Duration: 8 working days Mission Objectives: 1. To review the existing information and hold meetings with all relevant Tehran/field authorities, line ministries, UN agencies, the Red Crescent Society and NGOs actively responding to the drought.

2. To carry out field visits to the three hardest hit provinces for a comprehensive assessment of the immediate requirements.

3. To produce an analysis of drought-affected regions within these three provinces by the relevant technical sectors. This analysis should draw conclusions with respect to the severity of impact, likely progression of existing trends and future scenarios.

4. To formulate a plan of actions for the immediate requirements and draw up a coherent drought-response intervention strategy for medium-term initiatives to mitigate future impact. It should be stressed that the objective of the mission is not to carry out a detailed field study. Rather, the team members are expected to use available information to develop an integrated need assessment, subsequent to their 6-day field visit. Mission Details: 1. Due to time constraints, it is essential for all team members to arrive in Tehran at the same time – target arrival date is 21 July 2000.

2. The travel expenses and per diems of one specialist in livestock/veterinary services from FAO and two other specialists from WHO and UNESCO will be borne by UNDP.

General Requirements:

1. Minimum 5 years experience in specified technical disciplines.

2. Extensive field experience in drought response, drought mitigation and humanitarian developing countries.

65 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX IV: LIST OF OFFICIALS MET*

§ MINISTRY OF INTERIOR - Mr. Seyed Abbas Jazayeri, Director General, Bureau of Studies for Coordination & Safety- Rehabilitation Affairs and Disaster Task Force - Mr. Hassan Azadeh, Sr. Consultant, Disaster Task Force

§ MINISTRY OF HEALTH - Dr. Mohammad Mehdi Gooya, Director General, Bureau for Combating Disease - Dr. Parvin Vazirian, Deputy, Bureau for Combating Disease - Dr. Victoria Kianpoor Atabaki, Assistant, Secretariat of Specialised Sub-Committee for Health & Treatment - Mr. Mohammad Javad Dastamooz, Chief, Water & Sewage Health Office, General Office of Environmental and Occupational Health - Mr. Gholamreza Norouzkhani, Expert, General Office of Environmental and Occupational Health - Mr. Seyed Enayatollah Assaei, Senior Expert, General Office of Environmental and Occupational Health - Mr. Farshad (Dr.), Deputy Training, Ministry of Health, Bldg. No. 2 - Ms. Kiyanpour (Dr.), Training Bureau, Ministry of Health, Bldg. No. 2

§ MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE - Mr. Abbass Keshavarz, Deputy Minister and Head of Research, Training and Extension of Agriculture - Mr. Taghi Shamekhi, Director General, Office of Budget and Resource Mobilisation - Mr. Ali Asgari, Deputy, Office of Budget and Resource Mobilisation - Mr. Masoud Khorassani, Director General, Public Relations Department - Mr. Seyed Javad Shamekhi, Deputy DG of Training, Research and Extension

§ MINISTRY OF ENERGY - Dr. Hedayat Fahmi, Deputy Director, Water Resources Research Centre

§ MINISTRY OF JIHAD - Dr. Kamalzadeh, Deputy to the Deputy Minister of Planning

§ DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT - Mr. Saied Motesadi, Director General, Air Pollution Control Bureau - Ms. Parvin Maarofi (Ph.D.), Director, International Affairs - Mr. Mohammad-Hossein Gharavi, Deputy, Natural Environment Bureau - Ms. Farnoosh Bahrampour, Assistant to the Director of International Affairs

§ MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING ORGANISATION - Dr. Hossein Sheikh-Hassani, Deputy Planning and Budgeting Department

§ HORMOZGAN PROVINCE (BANDAR ABBAS) - H.E. Mr. Fathollah Moien, Hormozgan Governor General - H. H. Mr. Samandarian, Deputy Governor General - Ms. Mahnaz Emam-Dadi, Head of the Disaster Task Force

* The list may not be exhaustive 66 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

- Mr. Mansouri, Assistants to the Deputy Governor - Mr. Amir Saljoughi, Consultant of the Disaster Task Force General’s Office

§ FARS PROVINCE (SHIRAZ) - H.E. Mr. Gholamreza Sahraiean, Fars Governor General - Mr. Hassan Radmanesh, Consultant of the DTF, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Hussein Momtahen, Consultant of the DTF, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Khalil Rezaiean, Deputy, Development, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Ali Zahmatkesh, Advisory to the Deputy Development, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Mohsenim Deputy in charge of the Livestock, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Tavakoli, Jihad Consultant, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Rezaiean, Jihad Consultant, Governor General’s Office - Mr. Raasti, District Governor, Lamerd - Mr. Gholam-Hossein Mottavvas, Director General of Rural Water & Sewage Co., Fars Province

§ YAZD PROVINCE - H.E. Mr. Gholamali Sefeed, Yazd Governor General - Mr. Kazem Ghazi, Head of the Disaster Task Force - Mr. Mohammad-Reza Golzarpour, Officer-in-Charge, Disaster Task Force

§ DONOR EMBASSIES - Australia: Ms. Miranda Sissons, 3rd Secretary - Belgium: Ms. Homeyra Dinepajouh, Translator and representative of the Embassy - British: Mr. Neil Crompton, Charge d’affairs a.i - Canada: Mr. Vicken Koundakjian, 1st Secretary - Finland: Mr. Rurik Holmberg, 2nd Secretary - Italy: Mr. Antonello De Riu, 2nd Secretary, Development and Cooperation and Press - Japan: Mr. Yoshiharu Sato, 2nd Secretary - New Zealand: H.E. Mr. Warwick Alexander Hawker, Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary - Portugal: Dr. Pedro Cabral Adão, 2nd Secretary - Sweden: Ms. Ingrid Hagbrink, 1st Secretary

§ UN AGENCIES IN TEHRAN - Mr. Francesco M. Bastagli, Resident Co-ordinator, UN - Mr. Gamal M. Ahmed, Representative, FAO - Mr. Galileo Violini, Representative, UNESCO - Mr. Majed Fassih, Representative/Country Director, WFP - Mr. Haoliang Xu, Deputy Resident Representative, UNDP - Mr. Morteza Mir-Motahari, Assistant Representative, UNFPA - Mr. Ali Hakimi, Programme Officer, FAO - Mr. Luc Chauvin, Programme Officer, UNICEF - Ms. Mandana Askari-Nasab, Project Monitoring Officer, UNICEF - Mr. Amir Abedi-Jafari, Administrative Assistant, UNESCO - Ms. Rowshan Lorasbpour, Administrative Assistant, WHO - Ms. Paula Koundakjian, Assistant to the Resident Co-ordinator, UN - Ms. Soudabeh Amiri, UNDP Consultant - Ms. Roxanna Shapouri, Public Affairs Officer, UNDP 67 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX V: FINAL PROGRAMME OF THE INTER-AGENCY TECHNICAL MISSION

23 July 2000 Briefings

10:00 - UN Resident Coordinator, UNDP Deputy Res. Rep. and drought consultant 12:00 - Drought Task Force from relevant line ministries 13:30 - Director General of Environment Health and Focal Point for drought, Ministry of Health

24 July 2000 Briefings

09:00 - The National Project Director/ Disaster Task Force (NPD/DTF) 11:00 - Drought Committee (DC), Ministry of Interior 13:00 - Focal Points, Ministry of Energy 14:00 - Focal Points, Ministry of Jihad 15:15 - Focal Points, Ministry of Agriculture 25-26 July 2000 Hormozgan Province field visits

- Bandar Abbas, Jaask, Bandar Lenge

27-28 July 2000 Fars Province field visit

- Bakhtegan Lake, Tashk Lake, Lar, Larestan, Lamerd, Qashqaee tribe in Bekan valley, Eghlid

29-30 July 2000 Yazd Province field visit

- Abar Kooh

31 July 2000 Meetings

13:00 - Preparation of Report, Meeting with Government Counterparts, UNDP and line ministries 15:00 - Individual meetings and report writing

1 August 2000 Preparation of report and debriefings

09:30 - Meeting with the representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Disaster Task Force of the Ministry of Interior Noon - Debriefing and exchange views with the Heads of UN agencies to finalize arrangements for end of mission presentation to donors Afternoon - Individual meetings for OCHA with Red Crescent Society, for FAO with Ministry of Jihad), for WHO and UNESCO with Water Resources Research Centre

2 August 2000 Debriefing with the Government authorities 3 August 2000 Preparation of presentation and report writing

11:00 - Presentation of the report to donor embassies 13:00 - Interview with Press 5-7 August 2000 Review/comment of mission report

68 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

ANNEX VI: UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

§ UNITED NATIONS RESIDENT COORDINATOR OFFICE P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Francesco M. Bastagli, Resident Coordinator Telephone:(+9821) 873-2812-5 Facsimile: (+9821) 873-8864 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Francesco M. Bastagli, Resident Representative Telephone:(+9821) 873-2812-5 Facsimile: (+9821) 873-8864 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION CENTRE (UNIC) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Iftikhar Ali, Director Telephone:(+9821) 873-1534 & 873-2812-5 Facsimile: (+9821) 204-4523 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL PROGRAMME (UNDCP) No. 45, Pardis St., Mollasadra Avenue, Vanak Square, Tehran-Iran 199195-347 Mr. Antonio Mazzitelli, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 879-5031-2 Facsimile: (+9821) 877-66661 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF) P.O. BOX 19395-1176 Tehran-Iran Dr. Souleymane Diallo, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 222-6961/222-6963-4 Facsimile: (+9821) 222-0295 E-mail: [email protected]

§ WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Majed Fassih, Representative/Country Director Telephone:(+9821) 808-9559/809-7789 Facsimile: (+9821) 807-5227 E-mail: [email protected]

§ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) P.O. BOX 11365-3597 69 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

Tehran-Iran Dr. Khalif Bile Mohamud, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 670-0071/670-0361 Facsimile: (+9821) 670-8969 E-mail: [email protected]

§ FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Dr. Gamal Mohamad Ahmed, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 612-3701-2 Facsimile: (+9821) 654-104 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Galileo Violini, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 641-5398 Facsimile: (+9821) 641-5399 E-mail: g.violini@unesco.org

§ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (UNIDO) P.O. BOX 15875-4557 Tehran-Iran Mr. Haoliang Xu, Representative ai Telephone:(+9821) 872-9253 Facsimile: (+9821) 871-7209 E-mail: [email protected]

§ UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) No 5, East Emdad St., North Shiraz Ave., Shiraz Sq. Tehran-Iran 19917 Mr. Carrol Faubert, Representative Telephone:(+9821) 805-7201-11 Facsimile: (+9821) 805-7212 E-mail: [email protected]

§ INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) No, 3/5, East Emdad St., North Shiraz Avenue, Vanak Tehran-Iran 199178 Mr. Abdolreza Samadzadeh , Officer-in-Charge Telephone:(+9821) 804-7896 Facsimile: (+9821) 804-3902 E-mail: [email protected]