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MAPS and ANNEXES the Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000

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MAPS and ANNEXES the Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 MAPS AND ANNEXES The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 Map I Islamic Republic of Iran 36 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 Map II Areas affected by drought Extreme Severe Moderate 1. CHAHAR MAHAL - BAKHTIIARI 2. KOHKILUYEH - BOYER AHMAD 3. WEST AZARBAYJAN 37 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 ANNEX I: ESTIMATED DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE DROUGHT FOR THE YEAR 1378-79 (1999-2000) FOR 21 PROVINCES CATEGORIES MILLION RIALS Agriculture 10,217,079 Livestock 6,224,078 Urban Drinking Water 271,644 Rural Drinking Water 468,729 TOTAL: 17,154,576 Estimated Damages, Credits, Required Emergency Banking Facilities against Drought in 1379 (In million Rls.) ESTIMATED DAMAGES (EXPECTED) Required Emergency Credits Required Emergency No. Province Banking Facilities Agriculture Livestock Urban Rural Total Agriculture Livestock Urban Rural Total Agriculture Livestock Drinking Drinking Drinking Drinking Water Water Water Water 1. Ardebil 164,439 332,490 15,000 12,258 524,137 20,935 5,250 8,000 10,860 45,045 11,400 25,000 2. Boushehr 89,702 157,560 50,000 19,823 317,085 10,720 1,500 5,000 12,420 29,640 10,500 40,000 3. Chahar Mahal- 219,784 118,000 8,000 7,500 353,284 20,000 - 8,000 7,500 35,500 100,000 80,000 va-Bakhityari 4. Fars 1,310,000 633,000 11,000 44,000 1,998,000 10,000 7,000 7,000 20,000 44,000 200,000 100,000 5. Hormozgan 1,000,000 102,222 17,300 27,150 1,146,672 125,200 35,000 16,300 15,000 191,500 75,050 21,600 6. Ilam 135,850 75,000 3,340 7,000 221,190 74,000 40,000 - - 114,000 61,850 45,000 7. Isfahan 439,610 267,040 1,915 15,040 723,605 219,805 133,520 1,915 15,040 370,280 219,805 133,520 8. Kerman 1,546,960 571,493 15,000 38,710 2,172,163 42,530 7,717 15,000 14,500 79,747 367,657 180,000 9. Kermanshah 770,000 12,000 7,000 5,000 794,000 110,000 5,000 110,000 20,000 146,000 9,000 7,000 10. Khorassan 508,000 1,810,000 14,000 47,000 2,379,000 76,000 83,000 2,000 8,000 169,000 300,000 700,000 11. Khozistan 391,891 152,810 11,550 38,400 594,651 30,000 25,000 11,550 38,400 104,950 200,000 70,000 12. Kohgilouye-va- 557,220 160,000 14,350 22,401 753,971 193,790 20,000 13,250 22,401 249,441 262,130 90,000 Boyerahmad 13. Lorestan 422,618 220,000 4,050 55,000 701,668 - - 4,050 55,000 59,050 422,618 220,000 14. Markazi 361,000 100,000 11,000 13,000 485,000 114,000 5,900 9,100 13,000 142,000 21,000 14,300 15. Qom 25,925 158,983 26,900 7,920 219,728 14,000 10,195 26,900 9,000 60,095 20,000 41,900 16. Semnan 205,500 52,700 10,000 - 268,200 10,050 6,670 6,120 7,000 29,840 7,000 32,000 17. Sistan & 1,200,000 468,100 21,239 32,000 1,721,339 30,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 70,000 10,000 6,000 Baluchestan 18. Tehran 262,891 150,000 - 52,904 438,891 10,000 9,750 52,904 14,270 86,924 50,000 6,000 19. Western 490,689 200,000 15,000 6,123 711,812 25,000 50,000 - - 75,000 465,689 250,000 Azerbaijan 20. Yazd 115,000 482,680 15,000 17,500 630,180 26,000 39,220 8,000 10,000 83,220 10,000 100,000 21. Zanjan - - - - - 208,245 113,980 5,000 9,800 337,025 - - TOTAL 10,217,079 6,224,078 271,644 468,729 17,154,576 1,370,275 618,702 320,089 312,191 2,522,257 2,823,699 2,162,320 38 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 ANNEX II: An analytical report on drought - The situation of the country’s water resources during the drought of 1998-2000 (Prepared by Ministry of Energy) Introduction Drought is a phenomenon man as yet lacks the possibility to prevent, with forecasting being his only line of defence against it. This phenomenon could be examined from different perspectives – meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and economic. Meteorological drought: It is a period (months or years) during which moisture supplied to soil or air falls below average. In other words, meteorological droughts occur when precipitation levels drop below the long-term average and temperatures rise above long-term averages. In this type of drought the relative decrease in precipitant is more 35%. Hydrological drought: This type of drought occurs when the flow of rivers and volume of stored water (the lakes behind dams as well as natural lakes) falls below the long-term average. A fall in precipitation would generally result in hydrological drought. A 50% deficit in the monthly flow of a river compared to its average flow would amount to a hydrological drought. Agricultural drought: these types of drought occur when the amount of soil moisture is incapable of providing required vaporisation to plants and agricultural products. Such periods of drought occur following meteorological or hydrological droughts during the growth season. The improper temporal distribution of precipitation could lead to agricultural drought. Economic drought: This type of drought is a function of the physical processes associated with the impact of drought on man’s economic activities. It occurs when the supply of water cannot meet a region’s basic needs for water. In actual fact, it arises when all the preceding forms of drought occur simultaneously, which is a characteristic of crisis regions. This report seeks to examine and analyse the drought hitting the country during the two-year period of 1998-2000 and present a general profile of its water resources along with the challenges facing the different regions. A look at the state of precipitation in the drought period The average precipitation across the country since the start of the current water year (1999-2000) up to April 10 has amounted to 131.9 mm. Table 1 presents the statistical data on precipitation since the water year 1968-69. As shown in the table, this amount of precipitation for the first 7 months of the water year was the lowest compared to the amount received during the corresponding period in the preceding 31 years for which statistical data is available. The precipitation in this 7-month period shows a 52% decline relative to the long-term average and a decline of 23% from a year earlier. The graph depicting the year to year variations (Figure 1) and the moving mean (Figure 2) of the precipitation for the first 7 months of the water year of 1968- 69 up to the water year of 1999-2000 (according to table 1) indicate the intermittent occurrence of dry and wet periods at 8-year intervals. 39 The Drought Situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran UN Mission Report, August 2000 A glance at the snow coverage during the drought period The state of precipitation across the provinces from late September of the water year of 1998- 2000 to mid-April as compared to the long-term average of the past 31 years is contained in table 3. Statistical data relating to the snow-fed water basins of Jajroud, Taleqan, Kordan, Lar and Haraz, Karoon, Dez, Zayandeh Roud, Qezel Uzan, Talar, Tajan, Haraz, Siah Kooh, Alvand, Karand, Qeshlaq, Kashaf Rood, Atrak, Kor and the Orumiyeh Lake show that the amount of snow was 1.5 to 2 times more than the amount received in the previous year. The maximum water- equivalent of snow in the year 1999-2000 in the water basin of Jajroud was 317 mm, while the basins of Abar Kooh and Siah Kooh received a minimum amount of 30 mm. According to the report presented by the State Meteorological Organisation, the country’s temperature in April of the said year increased relative to the same month a year earlier, causing premature melting of the snow and a considerable increase in the flow of the rivers compared to the previous year. This meant that the snow coverage in the mountains was lost within an unusually short period. A look at the state of the country’s surface waters during the drought period The surface water flow in the three-month period of January 20 to April 19 show a substantial decline relative to the long-term average. In the 30 days from January 20 to February 18 the least decline equal to – 45% occurred in the water basins of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, while the most declines at – 87.2% was in the water basin of the Orumiyeh Lake. In the 30 days from February 19 to March 20 the least fall of – 64% was in the Markazi water basin, while the most at – 93.6% occurred in the water basins of Hamoon and Sarakhs. From March 21 to April 19 the corresponding figures related to the water basins of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman at – 41.2% and – 98.2% respectively.
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