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Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal MinistryFederal Democratic of Water Supply Republic of Nepal Ministry of Water Supply Ministry of Water Supply Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Data CollectionFederal Democratic Survey on WaterRepublic Supply of Nepal and Waste Data Collection Survey on Water Supply and Waste Water Sector in Nepal Water Sector in Nepal Final Report Final Report Final Report November 2019 November 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan InternationalYachiyo Engineering Cooperation Co., Agency LTD. (JICA) Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. NP JR 19 - 004 Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal MinistryFederal Democratic of Water Supply Republic of Nepal Ministry of Water Supply Ministry of Water Supply Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Data CollectionFederal Democratic Survey on WaterRepublic Supply of Nepal and Waste Data Collection Survey on Water Supply and Waste Water Sector in Nepal Water Sector in Nepal Final Report Final Report Final Report November 2019 November 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan InternationalYachiyo Engineering Cooperation Co., Agency LTD. (JICA) Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. ポカラ 中国 ネパール ブータン ブトワール カトマンズ インド Location Map Location バングラデシュ ヘタウダ ビルガンジ ジャナカプール 100km Survey Photos Kathmandu: Floccuration tank and sedimentation tank Kathmandu: Floccuration tank and sedimentation tank (Bode WTP) (Bode WTP) Kathmandu:Transmission pump operation record Kathmandu: Rapid sand filter (Bode WTP) (Bode WTP) Kathmandu: Pretreatment Facility (STP) Kathmandu: Aeration tank (STP) Kathmandu: Laboratory (STP) Kathmandu: ：Expansion of STP (under construciton) Photo-1 Kathmandu: Workshop in Kathmandu (1) Kathmandu: Workshop in Kathmandu (2) Pokhara: Proposed site for WTP in Grant Aid project Pokhara: Existing Transmission pipeline Pokhara: ：Existing surface water source Pokhara: Proposed water source site Pokhara: Existing sludge treatment facility Pokhara: Existing sludge treatment facility Photo-2 Pokhara: Proposed STP site Pokhara: Interview survey for residents Pokhara: Workshop in Pokhara (1) Pokhara: Workshop in Pokhara (2) Pokhara: Workshop in Pokhara (3) Pokhara: Workshop in Pokhara (4) Butwal: Existing surface water intake Butwal: Existing surface water intake Photo-3 Butwal:Existing surface water intake (dried-up) Butwal: Proposed surface water source site Butwal: Existing WTP Butwal: Existing WTP Butwal: Existing WTP (Operation record) Butwal: Existing sludge treatment facility Hetauda: Existing surface water intake Hetauda: Proposed water resource site Photo-4 Hetauda: Existing overhead tank Hetauda: Existing well Hetauda: Existing STP Hetauda: Existing STP Hetauda: Existing STP Hetauda: Existing Sludge disposal site Birganj: Hand pump well in city area Birganj:：Existing overhead tank Photo-5 Birganj: Existing well Birganj: Existing chlorine injection facility Birganj: Existing sludge collection truck owned by Birganj: STP (under construction) municipality Birganj: STP (under construction) Birganj: STP (under construction) Birganj: Proposed overhead tank site (Nagawa) Birganj: Proposed overhead tank site (Nagawa) Photo-6 Birganj: Proposed overhead tank site (Nagawa PS) Birganj: Proposed overhead tank site (Bahuali) Janakpur: Existing overhead tank in NWSC office Janakpur: Existing well Janakpur: Existing chlorine injection facility Janakpur: Well under construction Janakpur: Hand pump well in city area Janakpur: Proposed water source Photo-7 Janakpur: House well, Toilet and septic tank in rural area Janakpur: Proposed site for sludge treatment facility Janakpur: Proposed NWSC overhead tank site Janakpur: Proposed overhead tank site Janakpur: Proposed overhead tank site Janakpur: Proposed overhead tank site Photo-8 Final Report Summary Data Collection Survey for Water Supply and Waste Water Sector, the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Final Report Summary 1. Background of the survey “More than 90% of the house connection water supply rate by the year 2030” is a goal in Nepal by Nepal’s Sustainable Development Goals (hereafter called SDGs), but the achievement ratio for piped water supply connection in Nepal stays at 49.5%. As for the wastewater management, “more than 90% of proper wastewater treatment rate (sewerage or septic tank, etc.) by 2030” is also one of the achievement goals for the SDGs. However, its achievement ratio is as low as 30%. (Source of the mentioned achievement: Nepal’s Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report established in 2017) Therefore, nationwide development of water supply and wastewater management system has been required. In the Kathmandu Valley, the Melamchi water supply project has been implemented by Japanese Yen loan cooperation and the support of Asian Development Bank (hereinafter called ADB). In addition, a technical assistance project to be conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter called JICA) is presently planned. It is, therefore, expected that water supply condition is improved. In the field of wastewater management, ADB plans to assist construction of facilities including wastewater treatment plants (hereinafter called WWTP). Accordingly, improvement of wastewater management is also expected in the Kathmandu Valley. On the other hand, development of water supply and wastewater management is delayed in local cities. Thus, it is time to move onto the emphasis to expand such development to the local cities in the view of overall development of Nepal. Regarding the expansion of the system in local cities, the project for Improvement of Water Supply in Pokhara has been implemented by the Japan’s Grant Aid. Moreover, JICA has conducted the technical assistance project for the strength of local water supply entities to improve the management of community based water supply system. Under the circumstances, this survey aims to formulate necessary projects which contribute to the improvement of water supply and wastewater management on local cities, i.e., Pokhara, Birgunj, Janakpur, Butwal and Hetauda. 2. Water supply system The goal of house connection water supply rate by SDGs is 90% and SDGs also set goals of ‘0% of household with E. Coli risk in water source’, ‘90% of population using safe drinking water’, and ‘5% of Non-Revenue Water (hereafter called NRW) rate’. Nepal Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector Development Plan (Ministry of Water Supply, 2015) sets out 3 stages of goals in water amount and the goal indicates recommended water consumption amount (water amount that reaches to water connected customers) to cities is Middle (65~100 LCD Note1) or High class (100~150 LCD) . Outlines of water supply project including these goal achievement situations is described below. S-1 Note 1: Litter per capita per day (hereinafter called “LCD”) (1) Kathmandu Valley Population in the Kathmandu Valley is estimated to be approximately 3.1 million people (2019). Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (hereinafter called KUKL) supplies water to approximately 2.56 million people. Daily average water supply amount per capita is as low as 57 LCD and it is small volume for water supply amount per capita Note2 for urban water supply system. Water sources are both surface water and groundwater. Note 2: In this report, water supply amount that is transmitted from WTP and well is defined by adding water consumption amount which delivers the customer and sum of water losses in transmission/distribution process (NRW etc.). On the other hand, Water Users and Sanitation Committee (hereinafter called WUSC), which is community level committee, operates small scale water supply project in areas where KUKL does not supply water. There are 147 WUSCs in the Kathmandu Valley, and total water supply population is estimated to be approximately 510 thousand people, and also daily average water supply amount is estimated to be approximately 50 LCD. Thus taking into consideration WUSC’s water supply population, house connection water supply rate in Kathmandu Valley is close to 100%. Although house connection water supply rate is close to 100%, daily average water supply amount per capita in the Kathmandu Valley is as low as 56 LCD, and urgent improvement is necessary. Therefore, the Melamchi water supply project aided by Japanese loan or ADB is ongoing, which is considered to secure water supply amount needed around in 2041. There are issues of O&M such as the lack of water quality management including chlorine injection management, inappropriate management system of water distribution and 20% of NRW. To assist development of the O&M management ability, JICA plans to implement a technical assistance project, which is expected to improve O&M management. (2) Pokhara Population in Pokhara is estimated to be approximately 470 thousand people (2019). The Nepal Water Supply Corporation (hereafter called NWSC) supplies water to approximately 190 thousand people. Daily average water supply amount is estimated to be 240 LCD. Water resources are both surface water and groundwater. 83 WUSCs supply water to the areas where NWSC does not cover water service, and the total number of water supply population is approximately 190 thousand people which is almost equal to the number of water supplied population by NWSC, and daily average water supply amount per capita is estimated to be 50LCD. Thus, taking into consideration WUSC’s water supply population, house connection water supply rate in Pokhara is close to 81% and it is comparatively high. Besides, daily average water
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