Frequency Dependent Damage Pattern in Kathmandu Valley Due To
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2000 Microbial Contamination in the Kathmandu Valley Drinking
MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN THE KATHMANDU VALLEY DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND BAGMATI RIVER Andrea N.C. Wolfe B.S. Engineering, Swarthmore College, 1999 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE, 2000 © 2000 Andrea N.C. Wolfe. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 5, 2000 Certified by: Susan Murcott Lecturer and Research Engineer of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Daniele Veneziano Chair, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN THE KATHMANDU VALLEY DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND BAGMATI RIVER by Andrea N.C. Wolfe SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ON MAY 5, 2000 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation was to determine and describe the microbial drinking water quality problems in the Kathmandu Valley. Microbial testing for total coliform, E.coli, and H2S producing bacteria was performed in January 2000 on drinking water sources, treatment plants, distribution points, and consumption points. Existing studies of the water quality problems in Kathmandu were also analyzed and comparisons of both data sets characterized seasonal, treatment plant, and city sector variations in the drinking water quality. Results showed that 50% of well sources were microbially contaminated and surface water sources were contaminated in 100% of samples. -
Assessment of Water Quality of Manohara River Kathmandu, Nepal
8 III March 2020 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 8 Issue III Mar 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com Assessment of Water Quality of Manohara River Kathmandu, Nepal N. Mohendra Singh1, Kh. Rajmani Singh2 1, 2Department of Zoology, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal Abstract: The present works focus on the physico-chemical and biological assessment of water carried out on the five segment at the river over a stretch of 22.5km. On the five segment of the river-temperature pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand carbon dioxide, chloride, total alkalinity, acidity, calcium hardness, nitrate and nitrites etc. increased at down stream segments as scored into intermediate category showing more pollution and environmental deterioration compare to other upstream segments where as dissolved oxygen decreases at down streams. Eleven species of fish, seven group of aquatic insects, one group of annelids were recorded, snake head fish were also observed. Excavation of excessive amount of sand from the river, encroachment of flood plains and bars, solid waste and sewage effluent and tendency of land use changed retards environmental degradation of Manohara river from human activities. An attempt has been made coefficient correlation between the parameters and aquatic fauna. Keywords: Physico-chemical, parameters, Manohara river, Aquatic life, correlation. I. INTRODUCTION Rivers are natural resources which have ecological and recreational functions. People mostly depend on rivers for agricultural and domestic purposes. Many temples and crematories located around the river have increased cultural values of the river. Nutrient carries such as nitrogen phosphorus and organic matters are the most important compound regulating biological productivity of water bodies and their cycle are the basis for management of fish culture. -
An Annotated List of the Birds Seen in and Around the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal 10-14 January 1988 :W G Harvey
,.<{ I I " ~ If I•• I'1,- ( An annotated list of the Birds seen in and around the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal 10-14 January 1988 :W G Harvey ARDEOLA GRAYII Indian Pond Heron 1 or 2 Gokarna. BUBULCUS IBIS Cattle Egret Common in low country~large roost in eucalyptes north of Patan on Godawari road. EGRETTA GARZETTA Little Egret 1 or 2 feeding in Bagmati River near Gokarna. MILVUS MIGRANS Black Kite Fairly common in lowlands and up to 2000m over mountain slopes.Both subspecies identified with the largest concentration, of LINEATUS,totalling 20+ in tall trees in Gokarna waiting to bathe in the stream. GYPS HlMALAYENSIS Himalayan Griffon Vulture Single high over Shivapura range; viewed from 1800m altitude and 1000m range. BUTEO BUTEO Common Buzzard Several buzzards in the agricultural country between Godawari and Patan and around Gokarna looked like this species alone. AQUILA CLANGA Spotted Eagle An adult drifted low over Baudda on one morning. AQUILA RAPAX NIPALENSIS Steppe Eagle An immature soared for an hour low over Burhanilkanth with Kites one late morning. HIERAAETUS PENNATUS Booted Eagle An adult dark phase in fresh plumage was harried relentlessly by Corvids low over agricultural land west of Baudda one morning. FALCO TINNUNCULUS Kestrel 1-2 on Shivapuri range. FALCO PEREGRINUS PEREGRINATOR Shaheen Falcon Adult resting in pine at about 1700m on Sivapuri range near old sanatorium. LOPHURA LEUCOMELA Kalij Pheasant Common in open forest at c.1400-1S00m on Nagarjun feeding 1n pairs in the last two hours of daylight. GALLINULA CHLOROPUS Moorhen Single near Godawari. ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS Common Sandpiper Single on Bagmati river near Gokarna. -
52195-001: Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project
Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project (RRP NEP 52195) Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report Project Number: 52195-001 June 2020 Nepal: Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project Prepared by Department of Water Resources and Irrigation, and the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation for the Asian Development Bank. This social safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 11 June 2020) Currency unit – Nepalese Rupee (NRe) NRe1.00 = $ 0.0082658291 $1.00 = NRe120.98 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected person CBDRM - Community-Based Disaster Risk Management CBS - Central Bureau of Statistics CDMC - Community Disaster Management Committee DWRI - Department of Water Resources and Irrigation FFEW - Flood Forecasting and Early Warning GIS - Geographic Information System GoN - Government of Nepal GRC - Grievance Redress Committee HH - Household IP - Indigenous people IR - Involuntary Resettlement MoU - Memorandum of Understanding NGO - non-governmental organization PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PRBFRMP - Priority River Basins Flood Risk Management Project PRTW - Proposed River Training Works SPS - ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement TA - Technical Assistance VDC - Village Development Council VDLUR - Voluntary Donation of Land Use Rights WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1ha (hectare) – Is equivalent to 29.58 katthas km – Kilometre Table of Contents Executive Summary i I. -
The Everyday Politics of Water: Services and Citizenship for the Urban Poor in Kathmandu, Nepal
The Everyday Politics of Water: Services and Citizenship for the Urban Poor in Kathmandu, Nepal The Case of Bansighat, an Informal Settlement Stephanie Butcher Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering University College London Supervisor: Dr. Alex Frediani Secondary Supervisor: Julian Walker April 2019 I, Stephanie Butcher confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed, Stephanie Butcher Acknowledgements I would like to extend a warm thank you to those that have contributed to this process along the way. Firstly, to my supervisor Alex Frediani who has provided invaluable advice, inspiration, mentorship, and humour throughout this time. Thank you for unfailing enthusiasm, and for seeing and creating possibilities. Similarly, to Julian Walker for supervisory support, but also for broader professional and personal wisdom. It has been a pleasure and a privilege to be a part of the “SDP team”. Thank you also to the broader family at the DPU. I cannot express the inspiration I have found here with colleagues and friends. I feel incredibly lucky to undertaken this work with a department and group of individuals that have inspired me, and the opportunity to continuously learn from incredible academics and humans. Thanks also to the ‘resilient writers’ PhD group, for providing a space to share ideas, troubles, and encouragement in the process. Thank you to Mansoor Ali, Lucy Stevens, and Lizzy Whitehead at Practical Action for their vision in setting up this collaboration and the Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience and the CEGE department for facilitating this opportunity. -
Working with the Winds of Change
Working with the Toward Strategies for Responding to the Winds of Change Risks Associated with Climate Change and other Hazards Editors Second Edition Marcus Moench and Ajaya Dixit Contributors and their Institutions: Sara Ahmed Shashikant Chopde Ajaya Dixit, Anil Pokhrel and Deeb Raj Rai S. Janakarajan Fawad Khan Institute for Social and Winrock International India Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal Madras Institute of Institute for Social and Environmental Environmental Transition -India Development Studies Transition-Pakistan Marcus Moench Daanish Mustafa Madhukar Upadhya, Kanchan Mani Dixit Shiraz A. Wajih and Amit Kumar and Sarah Opitz-Stapleton King’s College London and Madav Devkota Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group Institute for Social and Environmental Transition- Nepal Water Conservation Foundation International Working with the Winds of Change Toward Strategies for Responding to the Risks Associated with Climate Change and other Hazards Second Edition Editors Marcus Moench and Ajaya Dixit Contributors and their Institutions: Sara Ahmed Shashikant Chopde Ajaya Dixit, Anil Pokhrel and Deeb Raj Rai S. Janakarajan Fawad Khan Institute for Social and Winrock International India Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal Madras Institute of Institute for Social and Environmental Environmental Transition -India Development Studies Transition-Pakistan Marcus Moench Daanish Mustafa Madhukar Upadhya, Kanchan Mani Dixit Shiraz A. Wajih and Amit Kumar and Sarah Opitz-Stapleton King’s College London and Madav Devkota Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group Institute for Social and Environmental Transition- Nepal Water Conservation Foundation International © Copyright, 2007 ProVention Consortium; Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-International; Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal This publication is made possible by the support of the ProVention Consortium. -
Water Nepal: a Historical Perspective
Water Nepal: A Historical Perspective GWP Nepal/ Jalsrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS) September, 2018 Water Nepal: A Historical Perspective, 2018 Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the institutions. Water Nepal: A Historical Perspective, 2018 Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER-I ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 HISTORY OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEM: TRADITION, DEVELOPMENT AND PARTNERS IN PROGRESS ........... 11 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Water: Socio-Economic Culture ................................................................................................................... 15 1. Drinking Water Harvesting and Management Tradition in Nepal ....................................................... 15 1.1 Kirat Period (200-800 B.C.) ............................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Lichhavi Period (300-800 -
43448-014: Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project
Initial Environmental Examination Project No.: 43448-014 April 2019 Nepal: Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project Additional Financing (1 of 2) Prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank. The Initial Environmental Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 3 April 2019) Currency unit Nepalese rupee/s (NRe/NRs) NRe 1.00 = $0.009045 $1.00 = NRe110.5525 Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AEP Annual Exceedance Probability BRF Bagmati River Festival BRBIP Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology DO Dissolved Oxygen DOI Department of Irrigation DFO District Forest Officer Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed DSCWM Management EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EHS Environmental Health & Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographical Information -
Life in the Shadow of Embankments – Turning Lost Lands Into Assets in the Koshi Basin of Bihar, India Executive Summary
Life in the Shadow of Embankments – Turning Lost Lands into Assets in the Koshi Basin of Bihar, India Executive summary The central objective of the research project ‘Documenting and Assessing Adaptation Strategies to Too Much, Too Little Water’ is to document adaptation strategies at local or community level to constraints and hazards related to water and induced by climate change in the Himalayan region, including how people are affected by water stress and hazards, their local short and long-term responses, and the extent to which these strategies reduce vulnerability to water stress and hazards. Five case studies were carried out in four countries. The results of each have been summarised in separate documents on a CD-ROM to accompany a single synthesis document. The India case study presented here, documents and assesses how people in the Koshi basin, Bihar, India, respond to water stress and hazards in the context of climate variability and change. The Koshi is known for its frequently shifting courses and the devastation that it has caused in the past. Conventional flood-control measures have not only altered the agroecology of the Koshi basin, they have also increased the frequency and intensity of water-related stress and hazards throughout its basin. Flood-prone and waterlogged areas have increased, and erosion and sand casting have temporarily or permanently rendered vast areas of land uncultivable, leading to an increase in landlessness and distress among the local community. Five villages were selected on the basis of their location in the Koshi basin in order to have a representative sample of sites. -
Environmental Pollution I N N E P a L -----A Review of Studies
• J ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION I N N E P A L -----A REVIEW OF STUDIES----- -. :-.EPAL NATIO"<AL CONSERVATION STRATEGY l'\1PLEMENTATION PRGRA~l\IE 'llATIONAa.. l'LANNINGCOMMISSION, HMG NEPAL, IN COLLABORATION WITH IUCN-TRE WORLD CONSERVATION UNlON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN NEPAL A REVIEW OF STUDIES NATIO!'i.\L CONSERVATION STRATEGY lMPLElllF.NTATJON PROGRAMM£ NATIONAL PLAN!\ING COM.MISSION, UMG NEl'Al., IN COL1.ABORA110N WlTll JUCN • TJIB WORLD CONSERVATION UNION This Review, prepared as part or the Nntlonal Coaserwllon S1roaegy lmplcmem.auon Prosromme, wns wriuen by Jeremy Can:w-Retd, Ajay Pradhan and Christina Moore with technical advice.from Ram B. Khudk.a, Jny Smith and Jooordao Pandey and 8Sl;l5liJnce rrom Mndhur Sbrestlta, Nablnu Shr•Slh• andAngellneAckermons. Tt WM edited and produced by Premeew Jomsons-Sannon, SooJJ Shr~thrl, Nabln Shrcstba, Su be ma Moktnn, Lo~ ng Chomjoog Sherpa and Reklul Raf or the NPC/IUCN NCS Programme. Voluble cooperation W& n:eelvcd during the Uu:rnture survey rrom A.R. Joshi ortbe NatlOnal Planning Commission, T .M. Pmdbanangn or RONAST,Purusbourun Shrcs1ha and T.P. Tunsina of 1bc !!nvaronmemnJ Coosetvatiort Group, Batu Uprcty or the Dcpanment or Soil Conservation and Watet5bcd Management and Rmlwl Shrestba and Amarcsb Karmactiaa;oa oLENPHO/DISVL The paper used for the cover or this publication is a product or Bhaktapur Qafi Printers, Nepal, and Is haodmade from tbe ba.rkof the LokJa (Ouphne) shrub. Paper for prlnalng of the text is manufactured bY Bhrlkuti Paper Mills, Nepal, from sabai grass. rice and when• straws. Pnnters: Jecwan Prin1ing Suppon Pre..., 'Kathmandu, Nepal Published by: NPCJIUCN NCS Implementation Progromme an August 1991 Tcchmcal assistance provided by IUCN to the Nllll0tl31 Con.servauon Strategy Tmplemcntauon Programme is supported by tbc Swiss Development Cooperation. -
C and O Isotope Compositions of Modern Fresh-Water Mollusc Shells
C and O isotope compositions of modern fresh-water mollusc shells and river waters from Himalaya and Ganga plain Ananta Prasad Gajurel, Christian France-Lanord, Pascale Huyghe, Caroline Guilmette, Damayanti Gurung To cite this version: Ananta Prasad Gajurel, Christian France-Lanord, Pascale Huyghe, Caroline Guilmette, Damayanti Gurung. C and O isotope compositions of modern fresh-water mollusc shells and river waters from Himalaya and Ganga plain. Chemical Geology, Elsevier, 2006, 233 (1-2), pp.156-183. hal-00103698 HAL Id: hal-00103698 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00103698 Submitted on 5 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. C and O isotope compositions of modern fresh-water mollusc shells and river waters from Himalaya and Ganga plain Ananta Prasad Gajurela,b,, Christian France-Lanordc, , Pascale Huygheb,*, Caroline Guilmettec,, Damayanti Gurungd, a Department of Geology, Tri-Chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal b Université Joseph Fourier, LGCA/CNRS, Grenoble, France, c CRPG/CNRS, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France, d Department of Geology, Kirtipur Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal * Corresponding author. Fax: +33 4 76 51 40 58 E-mail adresse [email protected] 1 1 Abstract 2 The aim of this paper is to unfold the relationship between O and C isotope compositions of modern fresh-water 3 mollusc shells and water in order to refine the basis of interpretation for paleoenvironnemental reconstruction in 4 the sub-Himalayan river basins. -
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Data Collection Survey on Water
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal MinistryFederal Democratic of Water Supply Republic of Nepal Ministry of Water Supply Ministry of Water Supply Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Data CollectionFederal Democratic Survey on WaterRepublic Supply of Nepal and Waste Data Collection Survey on Water Supply and Waste Water Sector in Nepal Water Sector in Nepal Final Report Final Report Final Report November 2019 November 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan InternationalYachiyo Engineering Cooperation Co., Agency LTD. (JICA) Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. NP JR 19 - 004 Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal MinistryFederal Democratic of Water Supply Republic of Nepal Ministry of Water Supply Ministry of Water Supply Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Data CollectionFederal Democratic Survey on WaterRepublic Supply of Nepal and Waste Data Collection Survey on Water Supply and Waste Water Sector in Nepal Water Sector in Nepal Final Report Final Report Final Report November 2019 November 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Japan InternationalYachiyo Engineering Cooperation Co., Agency LTD. (JICA) Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. Yachiyo Engineering Co., LTD. ポカラ 中国 ネパール ブータン ブトワール カトマンズ インド Location Map Location バングラデシュ ヘタウダ ビルガンジ ジャナカプール 100km Survey Photos Kathmandu: Floccuration tank and sedimentation tank Kathmandu: Floccuration tank and sedimentation tank (Bode WTP) (Bode WTP) Kathmandu:Transmission pump operation record Kathmandu: Rapid sand filter (Bode WTP) (Bode WTP) Kathmandu: