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ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS OF NEPAL 2008 GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION SECRETARIAT CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS KATHMANDU, NEPAL ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS OF NEPAL 2008 GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION SECRETARIAT CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS KATHMANDU, NEPAL Published by: Central Bureau of Statistics Thapathali, Kathmandu Nepal Copy : 500 CABLE : TATHYANK FAX : 977-1- 4227720 PHONE : 4241801, 4241803, 4245913, 4245946-48 e-mail : [email protected] Web : www.cbs.gov.np Printed at: Preface Environment management has become a global concern and accordingly, the demand for environment statistics has been growing rapidly. As an effort to meet the growing demand for environment statistics of Nepal, the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) has been compiling and publishing environment statistics regularly and the present issue of ‘Environment Statistics of Nepal, 2008’ is the sixth in the series. This Environment Statistics is an update to the previous issue and comprises and data on economic issues, social and demographic indicators, air/climate, land/soil, flora and fauna, water and sanitation, human settlement, natural disaster, etc. I hope, this issue would, to some extent, meet the needs of the policymakers, planners and general users. I would like to thank the government and non-government agencies for their whole hearted cooperation and contributions without which it would not have been possible to bring out this publication. I would also like to express my gratitude to the members of the technical committee formed to bring out this publication. I would like to express my gratitude to Project Research and Management Associates Pvt. Ltd. (PRAM) for providing consultancy service to review complied data. My special thanks are due to Statistical Officers Mr. Surya Kumar Pandit and Mr. Jaya Kumar Sharma of Environment Statistics and Satellite Accounts Section of the Bureau for their sincere involvement in the compilation of this issue. Similarly, I would like to thank Mr. Lila Nath Pandey, Computer Officer for his contribution in data management and, Mr. Shiva Lal Sharma and Mr. Ganesh Phuyal, Statistical Assistants for their involvement in data collection. I would also like to thank Mr. Kamala Kant Lamichhane, Director of the Section who oversaw the activities. Also, I would like to thank Mr. Uttam Narayan Malla, DDG of the Bureau for his guidance in compilation and bringing out the publication in time. Finally, I would like to request all users to provide comments and suggestions which would be valuable for the improvement in future publication. (T. S. Bastola) Director General December 2008 i Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ARI Acute respiratory infection As Arsenic BHC Boron hydrogen carob BOD Biological oxygen demand Bq Becquerel Ca Calcium CBS Central Bureau of Statistics Cd Cadmium CDD Control of diarrhea diseases CFC Chlorofluorocarbons cfu Coliform unit CFUG Communicity Forest User Group CH4 Methane CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of World Fauna and Flora CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide COD Chemical oxygen demand COFOG Classification of Functions of Government COICOP Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose COPNI Classification of the Purposes of Non-Profit Institutions CPC Central Product Classifications dBA Decibel A DDT Dichloro diethene tricloroethene DHM Department of Hydrology Meteorology DO Dissolved oxygen DMG Department of Mines and Geology DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewage DWIDP Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FISIM Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured ft3. Cubic feet GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GNDI Gross National Disposable Income GNI Gross National Income Ha. Hectare HC Hydrocarbon HHs Households HIV Human immuno-deficiency virus Hr Hour HSU Hatridge smoke unit HVAS High volume air sampler ii ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISIC International Standard Industrial Classifications ITTA International Tropical Timber Agreement IUCN The World Conservation Union (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) K2O Potassium oxide kg Kilogram KL Kilo-liter Km Kilometer Km2 Square kilometer KUKL Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited KWh Kilowatt hour L Liter L/d/p Liter/day/person lcd Liter consumption/day LD Laser dust Ldn Level day-night Leq Equivalent sound presser level LPG Liquefied petroleum gas LRMP Land Resource and Mapping Project Lt/min Liter per minute M Million masl Meter above sea level M2. Square meter M3 Cubic meter 3 m / min Cubic meter per minute m3/yr Cubic meter per year MB Multi-bacilli mb Mill bar MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDT Multi-drug therapy mg/l Milligram per liter mg/m3 Milligrams per cubic meter ml Local magnitude / milliliter mld Million liter/day mm Millimeter mrem/hr Milli radiation equivalent to man/hour mt. Metric ton mtO Mineral trepanation oil N Nitrogen NA Not Available Na Sodium NARC Nepal Agriculture Research Council NAST Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. iii NDHSs Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys NGO/INGO Non-government Organization/International Non-government Organization NLSS Nepal living standards survey NLSSs Nepal Living Standards Surveys NO2 Nitrogen dioxide NP National Parks NSIC Nepal Standard Industrial Classifications NTU Nephelometer turbidity unit NWSC Nepal Water Supply Corporation O3 Ozone ºC Degree Celsius ODS Ozone depleting substance P2O5 Phosphorus pentaoxide pb Lead pH Hydrogen-in concentration 3 PM10 Particulate matter less than 10 microgram (0.07 g/m ) PO3 Phosphate ppb Parts per billion ppm Parts per million ppmv Parts per million by volume ppt Parts per trillion SAE Small Area Estimation SEEA Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting SO2 Sulphur dioxide SO4 Sulphate SOx Oxides of Sulphur SPM Suspended Particulate Matter STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases TCU True color unit TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOE Tones of Oil Equivalent TSP Total suspended particulates TSS Total Suspended Solids TYIP Three Year Interim Plan UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFDES United Nations Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics UV Ultra Violet WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat WHO World Health Organisation WW Waste Water µe's Micro- environments µg/m3 Microgram per cubic meter iv Contents Page Preface i Acronyms and Abbreviations ii Chapters I : Introduction 1 II : Economic Issues 7 III : Social and Demographic Indicators 25 IV : Air and Climate 33 V : Land and Soil 51 VI : Water and Sanitation 65 VII : Other Natural Resources 85 VIII : Waste Management 103 IX : Human Settlement 111 IX : Disaster Management and Miscellaneous 129 Appendices 137 I : List of Environment Related Policies, Acts and Rules 139 II : Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting 2003 (SEEA 2003) 141 III : List of International Conventions Signed and Ratified by the Government of Nepal 142 IV : United Nations Environment Programme 143 V : Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Agenda 21) 145 VI : International Standard Industrial Classifications (ISIC Rev. 3.1) 148 VII : Central Product Classifications (CPC Ver. 1.0) 150 VIII : Classification of Functions of Government (COFOG) 152 IX : Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) 154 X : Classification of the Purposes of Non-Profit Institutions (COPNI) 156 XI : Classification of the Outlay of Producers according to Purpose (COPP) 157 XII : SEEA Asset Classification 158 XIII : MDG Indicators 159 XIV : Unit Nations Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics 162 XV : Glossary 165 XVI : Technical Committee on "Environment Statistics of Nepal, 2008" 175 Reference 176 v List of Tables Table 2.1 : Selected Macro Economic Indicators of Nepal 9(2000/01 – 2007/08) ....................................................... 9 Table 2.2 : Gross Value Added by Industrial Division 10(at current prices) .............................................................. 10 Table 2.3 : Gross Value Added by Industrial Division 11(at 2000/01 prices)............................................................ 11 Table 2.4 : Production of Agricultural Commodities .................................................................................................. 12 Table 2.5 : Production of Livestock Products ............................................................................................................ 13 Table 2.6 : Annual Manufacturing Production Index ................................................................................................. 14 Table 2.7 : Production of Various Minerals and Quarrying Products ......................................................................... 16 Table 2.8 : Supply of Forest Products ....................................................................................................................... 17 Table 2.9 : Food Consumption Pattern (NLSS Food Basket Composition) ............................................................... 17 Table 2.10 : Radioactivity and Concentration Rate in Water Samples of the Sangala Khola ..................................... 18 Table 2.11 : Gross Radioactivity in in situ Food Sample ............................................................................................. 18 Table 2.12 : Contamination of Radiation in Different
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