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1 2 Worldwide Impacts of Humans on Animal Genetic Diversity 3 1 1 Supporting Information for: 2 3 Worldwide impacts of humans on animal genetic diversity 4 5 Millette K.L, Fugère V., Debyser C., Greiner A., Chain F.J.J. and Gonzalez A. 6 7 This file includes: 8 9 Supplementary Results 10 Tables S1 and S2 11 Figures S1 and S2 12 13 Supplementary Results 14 15 Database characteristics and sampling biases 16 The majority of sequences in our dataset (70.5%) belong to insect species (Fig. 1b). 17 Within classes, some underlying taxonomic biases are worth noting. The bird dataset consists of 18 about 68% Passeriformes sequences, with a single species (Tenerife blue chaffinch, Fringilla 19 teydea), endemic to the Canary Islands, contributing the greatest number of sequences (~2.5% in 20 6 years) of all bird species. No species dominated the fish dataset, although three speciose orders 21 (Perciformes, Cypriniformes, and Characiformes) contributed about 44% of sequences. Diptera 22 (48%) and Lepidoptera (22%) sequences dominated the insect dataset, with an agricultural pest, 23 commonly known as the seedcorn maggot (Delia platura), overwhelmingly abundant at 24 approximately 2.5% of sequences (collected over 7 years throughout the Northern Hemisphere). 25 Coleoptera sequences were relatively rare (6.8%) given the proportion of insect species that 26 belong to this order. Mammals were overrepresented by bat species (61% Chiroptera), with 27 approximately 12.6% belonging to what appears to be a yearly, long-term (1989-2010) survey of 28 Seba’s short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata), great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus), and 29 dark fruit-eating bat (A. obscurus) in Central and South America. 30 The human density and land use intensity values of the grid cells from which our 31 sequences originate also reveal sampling biases (Fig. 1d,e). The sequences derive from grid cells 2 32 with a higher average human density (279.09 ± 7.32 SE inhabitants/km2) than the global average 33 (37.87±0.03 SE inhabitants/km2) for 5’ grid cells. Moreover, our sequences are associated with 34 locations with relatively more intensive land use than is globally representative: the average 35 proportion of a 5’ grid cell area that is under heavy anthropogenic use for all grid cells in our 36 dataset (worldwide and across all years) is 17.5% (±0.003 SE), whereas this proportion is 26.8% 37 (±0.226 SE) for cells from which our sequences originate. 3 Table S1. Coefficients (and standard error) of fixed effects from all models fitted in the stepwise model selection procedure described in the main text. ‘Step’ represents the model selection step, starting with a full model including all possible two-way interactions (step 1), which is then simplified until all remaining terms are statistically-significant (i.e., with a parameter confidence interval that does not overlap zero) or contribute to significant two-way interactions. Parameters from final models (step 3 or 4 depending on class and scale) are shown in Figure 3 of the main text. yr. = year. lat. = latitude; long. = longitude; LU = land use intensity; HD = human density. Colons denote two-way interactions. scale class step yr lat long LU HD yr:lat yr:long yr:LU yr:HD lat:long lat:LU lat:HD long:LU long:HD LU:HD 0.08 mammals 1 0.05 -0.28 -0.03 0.01 -0.08 0.06 0.02 -0.11 -0.02 0.02 -0.08 0.17 -0.02 0.03 0.02 (0.04) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.03) 0.08 mammals 2 0.07 -0.26 0 0 -0.04 -0.12 0.11 (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) (0.05) (0.03) (0.03) 0.08 mammals 3 0.07 -0.26 0 -0.04 -0.12 0.11 (0.04) (0.05) (0.04) (0.05) (0.03) (0.03) 0.08 birds 1 0.12 -0.05 0.01 -0.14 0.13 0 0.04 0.08 -0.08 0 (0.05) -0.06 0 0.02 0 (0.05) -0.04 (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.05) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.05) (0.04) 0.08 birds 2 0.14 -0.05 -0.01 -0.16 0.11 (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) 0.08 birds 3 0.17 -0.09 (0.04) (0.04) 0.08 fishes 1 0.06 -0.17 -0.02 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.01 -0.01 -0.06 0.07 0.05 -0.05 0.05 0.07 -0.01 (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) 0.08 fishes 2 0.08 -0.18 -0.03 0.01 0.08 (0.03) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) (0.05) 0.08 fishes 3 0.08 -0.17 (0.03) (0.04) 0.08 insects 1 -0.02 -0.06 0.01 -0.05 -0.01 -0.05 0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 0.08 -0.04 0.04 -0.03 0 (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.04) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) 0.08 insects 2 -0.02 -0.07 0 -0.04 -0.03 -0.05 -0.05 0.05 0.03 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) 0.08 insects 3 -0.02 -0.07 0.01 -0.04 -0.02 -0.05 -0.04 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) 0.08 insects 4 -0.03 -0.06 0 -0.05 -0.05 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) 1 mammals 1 0.05 -0.25 -0.01 -0.06 0.01 0.03 0.07 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 0.02 0.08 0.02 -0.05 0.02 (0.05) (0.06) (0.07) (0.08) (0.07) (0.04) (0.05) (0.07) (0.07) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) (0.06) 1 mammals 2 0.04 -0.24 -0.03 -0.04 0.02 (0.04) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) 1 mammals 3 -0.23 (0.05) 1 birds 1 0.08 -0.07 0 0.08 -0.05 0.02 -0.01 0.05 -0.05 -0.01 -0.09 0.01 -0.06 0.05 -0.14 (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.07) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) 1 birds 2 0.09 -0.08 0 0.02 -0.02 -0.12 4 (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.04) 1 birds 3 0.1 0.03 -0.01 -0.13 (0.04) (0.05) (0.06) (0.04) 1 fishes 1 0.08 -0.19 0 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.06 -0.11 0.06 -0.06 0.04 -0.06 0.11 -0.01 (0.04) (0.06) (0.06) (0.05) (0.06) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.06) (0.05) (0.06) (0.05) (0.05) 1 fishes 2 0.09 -0.18 0 0.07 0.02 -0.08 0.07 (0.03) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.03) (0.04) 1 fishes 3 0.09 -0.17 -0.01 0.06 -0.08 0.07 (0.03) (0.05) (0.05) (0.04) (0.03) (0.04) 1 insects 1 -0.03 -0.19 -0.01 0.01 -0.04 -0.05 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.06 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.05 (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.04) (0.04) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) 1 insects 2 -0.03 -0.17 -0.01 0.03 -0.05 -0.03 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) 1 insects 3 -0.03 -0.17 -0.01 0.03 -0.04 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) 1 insects 4 -0.17 (0.02) 2 mammals 1 0.01 -0.24 0.01 0.04 -0.04 0.05 0.08 -0.08 0 -0.05 -0.05 0.17 0 (0.07) -0.06 -0.03 (0.04) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.04) (0.05) (0.07) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.06) 2 mammals 2 -0.01 -0.22 -0.01 0 -0.03 0.1 (0.04) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.04) 2 mammals 3 -0.22 -0.03 0.1 (0.06) (0.05) (0.04) 2 birds 1 0.06 -0.1 0 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.05 -0.08 0.01 -0.06 -0.04 -0.07 0.01 -0.09 (0.04) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) (0.05) (0.06) (0.05) 2 birds 2 0.07 -0.1 -0.02 -0.08 0.04 (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) 2 birds 3 0.07 -0.09 (0.04) (0.05) 2 fishes 1 0.09 -0.2 -0.01 0.07 0.01 0 -0.01 0.09 -0.11 0.05 -0.12 0.07 -0.12 0.1 (0.05) 0 (0.03) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.07) (0.05) (0.07) (0.05) 2 fishes 2 0.09 -0.17 0.02 0.08 0 0.09 -0.12 0.03 (0.03) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.06) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) 2 fishes 3 0.09 -0.18 0.08 0.01 0.09 -0.12 (0.03) (0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.04) (0.04) 2 insects 1 -0.04 -0.2 -0.02 0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -0.02 0 -0.05 -0.01 -0.13 0.04 -0.02 0 (0.03) -0.08 (0.02) (0.04) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.04) (0.04) (0.03) (0.03) 2 insects 2 -0.04 -0.19 0 0.03 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.08 -0.08 (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) 2 insects 3 -0.04 -0.19 0.03 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.08 -0.08 (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) 4 mammals 1 -0.02 -0.23 0.03 0.14 -0.12 0.08 0.09 0.01 -0.01 -0.07 -0.06 0.14 0.09 -0.12 -0.1 (0.05) (0.07) (0.08) (0.09) (0.1) (0.04) (0.05) (0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.08) (0.08) (0.09) (0.06) 4 mammals 2 -0.05 -0.23 0.01 0.06 -0.02 (0.04) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) (0.09) 4 mammals 3 -0.25 (0.06) 4 birds 1 0 -0.09 -0.02 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.08 -0.14 0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.12 0.01 -0.09 (0.04) (0.06) (0.06) (0.08) (0.08) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.06) (0.08) (0.08) (0.06) (0.06) (0.05) 4 birds 2 0.02 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 0.02 -0.09 -0.14 (0.04) (0.06) (0.05) (0.06) (0.07) (0.03) (0.05) 5 4 birds 3 0.03 -0.04 -0.01 0.04 -0.09 -0.14 (0.04) (0.05) (0.06) (0.07) (0.03) (0.05) 4 fishes 1 0.08 -0.2 0.01 0.08 -0.06 -0.03 -0.07 0.1 -0.03 0.07 -0.05 0.03 -0.1 0.12 -0.01 (0.03) (0.07) (0.07) (0.08) (0.08) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.05) (0.08) (0.06) (0.08) (0.05) (0.06) 4 fishes 2 0.1 -0.2 0.02 0.09 -0.06 0.06 0.05 (0.03) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.06) (0.03) (0.04) 4 fishes 3 0.11 -0.18 (0.03) (0.05) 4 insects 1 -0.03 -0.15 -0.02 0.01 0.03 -0.05 -0.03 0 -0.03 -0.02 -0.08 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.09 (0.02) (0.04) (0.03) (0.04) (0.05) (0.02) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) (0.05) (0.04) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) 4 insects 2 -0.02 -0.13 -0.01 0.05 0 -0.03 -0.07 (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.03) 4 insects 3 -0.02 -0.13 0.05 0 -0.03 -0.07 (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.03) 6 Table S2.
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