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828 FRINGILLIDAE Fringilla teydea Tenerife Blue Chaffi nch Th e Tenerife Blue Chaffi nch is an endemic species of the Canary Is- lands restricted to Tenerife. Until recently, it included Fringilla polatze­ ki from Gran Canaria, which has now been recognised as a separate species (Sangster et al. 2016). Confi ned to the pine forest belt of the island, mainly between 1200 and 2000 m asl, its breeding range has increased considerably since the 1970s as a consequence of massive plantations of Pinus canariensis from the mid-20th century, which restored the fragmented habitat. In the N it is also present at the lower limit of the pine forest, where the undergrowth consists of tree-heath, small-leaved holly, faya and laurel, and occupies some areas of introduced P. radiata. Occasionally it moves above 2000 m asl to the high-mountain shrubland around the Pico del Teide. In the S it may descend in winter to cultivated areas near scat- tered pines at about 700 m asl. Th e total population has been estimated at 1,000–2,500 pairs [ERL], but these numbers are unreliable as there has never been a prop- er census. Some density estimates indicate it is more abundant in the E of its range, especially above 1600 m, with higher density in the S than in the N (Carrascal & Palomino 2005). However, other studies have Abundance (in pairs) found similar maximum densities in the N and S (García-del-Rey & >100,000 Cresswell 2005). 10,000–99,999 Th e population trend is poorly known, but numbers are thought 1,000–9,999 to be increasing due to clearance of planted pines to promote better 100–999 10–99 growth of pines as well as the diff erent species of the understorey, where 1–9 the chaffi nches obtain insects to feed the chicks. Both the Blue Chaf- Not reported fi nch and its habitat are protected, illegal hunting is reduced and public awareness has increased. Forest fi re seems to be the main threat, but burnt areas soon recover and are occupied again by the chaffi nches. ©EBCC Aurelio Martín & Javier Romero Illustration: Dawid Kilon Fringilla polatzeki Gran Canaria Blue Chaffi nch Th e Gran Canaria Blue Chaffi nch is restricted to Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. It was initially considered a subspecies of Fringilla tey­ dea [HBW]. However, Sangster et al. (2016) and Lifj eld et al. (2016 ) demonstrated its taxonomic status as a species. Th ere are two breeding areas in the SW and central part of the island, located in a single 50-km square. Th e core historical popula- tion thrives in the pine forests of the Inagua Nature Reserve, where it was discovered in the beginning of the 20th century. It is estimated at 195–430 birds (Carrascal et al. 2017), inhabiting a fragmented habitat with only a small area of highly suitable habitat (8 km2 out of 37.6 km2). A new population is located in La Cumbre pine woods, with the fi rst breeding record in 2008 and around 70 birds in 2018 (Delgado et al. 2016). Very few birds inhabited the pine forests of Tamadaba up to 1991, with occasional records of wandering non-breeding individuals. Th e Gran Canaria Blue Chaffi nch breeds in open stands of mature pine forests (pines >15 m in height with tree cover around 33%) located above 1100 m asl and in areas with the highest amount of summer rainfall (13–20 mm; Carrascal et al. 2017). Th e breeding population was stable in Inagua from 1994 until a 2 Abundance (in pairs) wildfi re in July 2007, with a density of 9–16 birds/km . In spring 2008, >100,000 the population density was only around half as high, but increased 10,000–99,999 gradually afterwards, reaching 15.8 birds/km2 in 2016 (Moreno et al. 1,000–9,999 2018), thus showing a striking resilience. 100–999 10–99 In La Cumbre, the population increased from 1–2 pairs in 2008 1–9 to c 70 birds in 2018 (3.5 birds/km2). Birds from a captive breeding Not reported programme and birds translocated from the wild population of Inagua have contributed to the growth of this population. Ángel Cruz Moreno & Luis María Carrascal Illustration: Paulo Alves ©EBCC 201101_EBBA_espècies_colors ok.indd 828 03/11/20 09:15 Coordination Verena Keller, Sergi Herrando, Petr Voříšek Atlas Steering Committee Verena Keller (chair), Hans-Günther Bauer, Lluís Brotons, Mark A. Eaton, Ruud P.B. Foppen, Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Ian J. Burfield (until 2014), Iván Ramírez (from 2014), Aleksi Lehikoinen (from 2015), David G. Noble (until 2018), Dawn E. Balmer (from 2018) Project teams Swiss Ornithological Institute Catalan Ornithological Institute Czech Society for Ornithology Sempach Barcelona Prague Project management, book coordination, Network coordination, data management & Network coordination, communication, editing analyses, project management support project management support Verena Keller Sergi Herrando (ICO & CREAF) Petr Voříšek Distribution modelling Martí Franch Marina Kipson Pietro Milanesi Databases Martin Kupka Marc Kéry David Martí Jana Škorpilová Language editing Marc Anton Artwork coordination Stephanie Morris Analysis support Alena Klvaňová Editing support Lluís Brotons (ICO & CSIC-CREAF-CTFC) Patricia Dürring Kummer Dani Villero (CTFC) Alejandra Morán-Ordoñez (CREAF-CTFC) Map production Magda Pla (CTFC) Recommended citation Keller, V., Herrando, S., Voříšek, P., Franch, M., Kipson, M., Milanesi, P., Martí, D., Anton, M., Klvaňová, A., Kalyakin, M.V., Bauer, H.-G. & Foppen, R.P.B. (2020). European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Recommended short citation Keller, V., Herrando, S., Voříšek, P. et al. (2020). European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Cover illustration: Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana ©Szabolcs Kókay Cover map: Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana ©European Bird Census Council EBCC First Edition: November 2020 ©Lynx Edicions – Montseny, 8, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, www.lynxeds.com ©Text, maps and figures: European Bird Census Council EBCC, www.ebcc.info ©Photographs and illustrations: credited authors Interior book design: Lynx Edicions Layout and cover design: Elena Fonts Circuns – efonts.cat Printed and bound in Barcelona by Índice Arts Gràfiques. Legal Deposit: B 19689-2020 ISBN: 978-84-16728-38-1 All rights reserved. No form of reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of this work may be carried out without the authorisation of its copyright holders, except that foreseen by the law. Those needing to photocopy or electronically scan any part of this work should contact Lynx Edicions. 201103_EBBA_inici_B.indd 4 03/11/20 23:51.

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