Dolam and Road Distance Between Places in 20 Dzongkhags January, 2020
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Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan
Chapter 2 Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan Geographical Background There is a great debate regarding from where the name of „Bhutan‟ appears. In old Tibetan chronicles Bhutan was called Mon-Yul (Land of the Mon). Another theory explaining the origin of the name „Bhutan‟ is derived from Sanskrit „Bhotanta‟ where Tibet was referred to as „Bhota‟ and „anta‟ means end i. e. the geographical area at the end of Tibet.1 Another possible explanation again derived from Sanskrit could be Bhu-uttan standing for highland, which of course it is.2 Some scholars think that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from Bhota (Bod) which means Tibet and „tan‟, a corruption of stan as found in Indo-Persian names such as „Hindustan‟, „Baluchistan‟ and „Afganistan‟etc.3 Another explanation is that “It seems quite likely that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from the word „Bhotanam‟(Desah iti Sesah) i.e., the land of the Bhotas much the same way as the name „Iran‟ came from „Aryanam‟(Desah), Rajputana came from „Rajputanam‟, and „Gandoana‟ came from „Gandakanam‟. Thus literally „Bhutan‟ means the land of the „Bhotas‟-people speaking a Tibetan dialect.”4 But according to Bhutanese scholars like Lopen Nado and Lopen Pemala, Bhutan is called Lho Mon or land of the south i.e. south of Tibet.5 However, the Bhutanese themselves prefer to use the term Drukyul- the land of Thunder Dragon, a name originating from the word Druk meaning „thunder dragon‟, which in turn is derived from Drukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Bhutan presents a striking example of how the geographical setting of a country influences social, economic and political life of the people. -
Monpas of Black Mountain Forest of Bhutan: a Study of Socio-Cultural Sensibility and Transition
The Himalayan Review 37 (2006) 39-52 39 Monpas of Black Mountain Forest of Bhutan: A Study of Socio-Cultural Sensibility and Transition Raghubir Chand, Ph.D. [email protected] Abstract One small, isolated and less assimilated tribal stock inhabited at the Black Mountain forest of central Bhutan is identifi ed as Monpas. These people are certainly different than the Mon race that is spread out in various parts of the Himalaya. The Monpas of Bhutan possess their distinct identity with pre- Buddhist ethnic beliefs and often described as the aboriginal indigenous inhabitants of the country. A sharper focus on the internal life of Monpas, however, reveals that they have an integral social relation with mountains and the forests. They are not yet properly explored and there exists an urgent quest to bring them to national mainstream in on going development context of Bhutan. This fascinating fi eld based investigation being fi rst research attempt in Monpas of Bhutan so far, has a direct relevance to the basic objective of promoting the understanding of society and environmental interaction of mountain communities of this very less known part of the Himalaya. Key words: Tribal, indigenous, mountains, society, environment, interaction, relevance The Monpas and Monyul The history of Monpas is deeply wrapped in the mystery of the past because of the number of reasons. Before the advent of the Drukpa school of Buddhism founded in the 12th century A.D. in Bhutan, the Tibetans called Bhutan as the Lhomon or Monyul. In the Tibetan dictionaries, the word Mon is defi ned as the general name for different nations and tribes living between Tibet and Indian plains who from remote antiquity have lived by hunting. -
The World Bank IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION and RESULTS
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: ICR00004941 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT IDA 47440 and 54310 (AF) ON A CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR7.75 MILLION (US$12.0 MILLION EQUIVALENT) AND AN ADDITIONAL CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR11.3 MILLION (US$17.4 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE KINGDOM OF BHUTAN FOR THE SECOND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DECEMBER 27, 2019 Urban, Resilience And Land Global Practice Sustainable Development South Asia Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective November 27, 2019) Bhutanese Currency Unit = Ngultrum (BTN) BTN71.31 = US$1 US$1.37 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR July 1 - June 30 Regional Vice President: Hartwig Schafer Country Director: Mercy Miyang Tembon Regional Director: John A. Roome Practice Manager: Catalina Marulanda Task Team Leader(s): David Mason ICR Main Contributor: David Mason ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AF Additional Financing AHP Affected Households and Persons APA Alternative Procurement Arrangement BLSS Bhutan Living Standards Survey BTN Bhutanese Ngultrum BUDP-1 Bhutan Urban Development Project (Cr. 3310) BUDP-2 Second Bhutan Urban Development Project CAS Country Assistance Strategy CNDP Comprehensive National Development Plan CPF Country Partnership Framework CPLC Cash Payment in Lieu of Land Compensation CWSS Central Water Supply Scheme DAR Digital Asset Registry EMP Environmental Management Plan FM Financial Management FYP Five Year Plan GNHC Gross National Happiness Commission GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism -
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AFS 2016-17 [Eng]
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS of the ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2017 Department of Public Accounts Ministry of Finance ii Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... 1 2. BASIS FOR PREPARATION .............................................................................. 1 3. FISCAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................. 1 4. RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ............................................................................ 3 5. GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS BY SOURCES .................................................... 4 5.1 DOMESTIC REVENUE ............................................................................... 5 5.2 EXTERNAL GRANTS ................................................................................. 6 5.3 BORROWINGS EXTERNAL BORROWINGS .......................................... 8 5.4 RECOVERY OF LOANS ........................................................................... 10 5.5 OTHER RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS .................................................... 11 6. OPERATIONAL RESULTS .............................................................................. 12 6.1 GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE............................................................. 12 7. BUDGET UTILISATION .................................................................................. 25 7.1 UTILIZATION OF CAPITAL BUDGET................................................... 25 8. ACHIEVEMENT OF FISCAL -
Ngoedrup-Tse
The Ngoedrup-Tse Volume II Issue I Bi-Annual Newsletter January-June 2019 A Note from Dzongdag His Majesty the Druk Gyalpo Birth Anni- Within the last two years of my association with the versary Celebration Chhukha Dzongkhag as the Dzongdag, I have had several opportunities to traverse through different Gewogs, interact with diverse group of people, and listen to their personal stories and aspirations they have for themselves and the nation. These are precious moments that, I feel comes only once in our career, and that too if we happen to serve in Dzongkhags and Gewogs! Many of my colleagues echo similar feelings on their return from field visits. On my part, I had a great privilege to sensitize people on their rights and responsibilities as a citizen of this great nation with particular emphasis on their constitutional Chhukha Dzongkhag Administration celebrated the 39th Birth obligation to uphold and strengthen peace and security Anniversary of our beloved Druk Gyalpo at Chhukha Central of the country and our unique Bhutanese values School. The day started with lighting of thousand butter lamps and besides other policies, plans and programs of different offering of prayers at Kuenray of Ngoedrup-Tse Dzong at 7.30 am governmental agencies. led by Venerable Lam Neten, Dasho Dzongdag, Dasho Drangpon, Dzongrab, regional and sector heads for His Majesty’s good health Every day is a new beginning with opportunities and and long life. challenges that calls for learning, unlearning and relearning with ensuing diagnostic assessment and The Chief Guest for the memorable day was Dasho Dzongdag. -
Development and Its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan
Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Volume 63 New Directions in Domestic and International Dispute Resolution 2020 Formalizing the Informal: Development and its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan Stephan Sonnenberg Seoul National University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Stephan Sonnenberg, Formalizing the Informal: Development and its Impacts on Traditional Dispute Resolution in Bhutan, 63 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 143 (2020), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol63/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Journal of Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FORMALIZING THE INFORMAL: DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON TRADITIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN BHUTAN Stephan Sonnenberg* INTRODUCTION Bhutan is a small landlocked country with less than a million inhabitants, wedged between the two most populous nations on earth, India and China.1 It is known for its stunning Himalayan mountain ranges and its national development philosophy of pursuing “Gross National Happiness” (GNH).2 This paper argues, however, that Bhutan should also be known for its rich heritage of traditional dispute resolution. That system kept the peace in Bhutanese villages for centuries: the product of Bhutan’s unique history and its deep (primarily Buddhist) spiritual heritage. Sadly, these traditions are today at risk of extinction, victims—it is argued below—of Bhutan’s extraordinary process of modernization. -
PA-Report-On-Government-Vehicles
The Royal Audit Authority conducted the audit in accordance with the International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions (ISSAIs) based on the audit objectives and criteria determined in the audit plan and programme prepared by the Royal Audit Authority. The audit findings are based on our review and assessment of the information and documents made available by 10 Ministries, 34 Autonomous agencies and 20 Dzongkhags. Hon'ble Secretary Ministry of Finance Thimphu Subject: Report on 'Review of Government Vehicles and Foreign Vehicle Quota System' Sir, Enclosed herewith, please find a copy of the report on 'Review of Government Vehicle and Foreign Vehicle Quota System' covering the period 2013-14 to 2016-11. The Royal Audit Authority (RAA) conducted the audit under the mandate bestowed by the Constitution of Kingdom of Bhutan and the Audit Act of Bhutan 2018. The audit was conducted as per the International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions on performance auditing (ISSAI3000). The audit was conducted with the following audit objectives: S To review and assess the adequacy of legislation and policy framework to plan, organize, control, direct, coordinate and manage government vehicles and foreign vehicle quota system; $ To ascertain some of the financial and economical implication of the foreign vehicle quota system; # To assess whether the allotment of government vehicles to the agencies are based on the mandate and responsibilities of the agencies; S To assess the adequacy of the controls to ensure economic use of government vehicles; S To assess the extent to which the budgetary agencies are complying with the applicable rules, regulations, policies, procedures and guidelines in place; S To evaluate the monitoring and coordination mechanism instituted to monitor the movement of government vehicles; and S To evaluate the completeness and accuracy of Government vehicle and foreign vehicle quota system database. -
Annual Report (July 2018- June 2019)
ANNUAL REPORT (JULY 2018- JUNE 2019) Department of Labour Ministry of Labour and Human Resources Department of Labour | 1 Prepare by Phuntsho Dendup, Labour Off cer, Department of Labour Department of Labour | i 4 | Department of Labour TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword i Table of Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures vi Abbreviation vii Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: Labour Protection 5 1.1 Inspection 5 1.2 Notices 12 1.3 Working conditions 16 1.4 Provident Fund 20 Chapter 2: Occupational Health and safety 22 2.1 Workplace Accident 22 2.2 Occupational Health and Safety Committee 26 2.3 Occupational Health and Safety Policy Statement 28 2.4 Occupational Health and Safety Assessment 31 2.5 Comparative statement on Occupational Health and Safety Assessment 36 2.6 Debriefing on Occupational Health and Safety Assessment 37 Chapter 3: Labour Relation 41 3.1 Labour Dispute 41 3.2 Internal Service Rules (ISR) 45 Chapter 4: Foreign Workers 49 4.1 Foreign Workers 49 4.2 Foreign Workers Recruitment Agent 54 Chapter 5: Awarness and training program AND OTHER activities 58 5.1 Awareness and Training Program 58 5.3 Achievements 63 5.4 Shortcomings 63 5.5 Classification of economic sectors 64 Department of Labour | iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of Inspection by Region 5 Table 2: Number of inspections by Region in two Fiscal Year 6 Table 3: Number of Inspection by Major Sector 7 Table 4: Number of Inspection by Major Sector in two Fiscal Year 8 Table 5: Number of Inspection by Dzongkhag 9 Table 6: Number of Inspection by Dzongkhag in two Fiscal -
Additional Financing of Phuentsholing Township Development Project (RRP BHU 50165)
Additional Financing of Phuentsholing Township Development Project (RRP BHU 50165) SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): MULTISECTOR (AGRICULTURE, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT; AND WATER AND OTHER URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES)1 A. Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Bhutan, a mountainous country with a population of 757,042, is one of the fastest urbanizing economies in South Asia.2 The country’s urbanization rate has increased from 23% in 1998 to 41% in 2018. In addition to their natural growth, Bhutanese cities are also experiencing heavy inwards migration because of availability of economic opportunities and access to facilities and education systems. The urban population is expected to reach 56.8% by 2047. This growth has mainly occurred in Thimphu, the capital, and Phuentsholing, Bhutan’s second largest city.3 Rapid urbanization coupled with a lack of comprehensive planning has left urban areas with inadequate and unsustainable infrastructure. Further, poor spatial planning and development controls have led to urban overcrowding, environmental degradation, and encroachment into unsafe environments. Flood risk, water shortages, and pollution are key challenges facing many of Bhutan’s towns. 2. Rural and urban flood protection. Towns in Bhutan experience flooding and riverbank erosion each year during the monsoon season. Phuentsholing, which is located on the banks of the Amochhu River, a major Himalayan river, has suffered significantly from flood damage and riverbank erosion from seven notable events between 1993 to 2015. Monsoon-triggered flash floods are also becoming more frequent because of dense development, the loss of natural ground cover, and climate change. In 2009, Cyclone Alia, the most devastating event in Bhutan’s recent history, caused significant loss of land and infrastructure. -
Statistical Information on Elections in Bhutan in Elections on Information Statistical Information on Elections in Bhutan (2006-2015)
STATISTICAL Statistical Information on Elections in Bhutan INFORMATION on Elections in Bhutan (2006-2015) www.election-bhutan.org.bt (2006-2015) Election Commission of Bhutan, Post Box No. 2008, Olakha, Thimphu, Bhutan Telephone: +975-02-334851/334852, Fax: +975-02-334763 Election Statistics (2006-2015) 2006-2015 Election Commi ssion of Bhutan 1 Election Statistics (2006-2015) © Election Commission of Bhutan No part of this book may be reproduced in any form. Anybody wishing to use the name, photo, cover design, part of material or thereof in any form of this book may do so with due permission or acknowledgement of the Election Commission of Bhutan. For any querry : [email protected] 2 Election Statistics (2006-2015) The Statistical Information on Elections in Bhutan 2006-2015 is the first edition of data being published by the Election Commission of Bhutan (ECB). The book provides comprehensive statistical information of all elections that the Election Commission has conducted since its establishment in 2006 to 2015 including the First and Second Parliamentary Elections in 2008 and 2013, Thromde Elections in 2011, three phases of Local Government Elections in 2012 and series of Re-Elections and Bye-Elections for both Parliamentary and Local Government. This publication will enable readers to get reliable information related to voters, voter turnout, election officials, media coverage of elections and other relevant and available information related to elections in Bhutan. The data and information compiled in this book are based on the information collected from the polling stations, Dzongkhag Election Offices, and the ECB Head Office. The book is expected to be a source of information and serve as a data bank for any users wishing to carry out research and studies on matters related to elections in Bhutan. -
UN System in Bhutan and Department of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs
UN System in Bhutan and Department of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Joint Monitoring Mission Report (18 September Earthquake) Samtse, Chukha, Haa and Paro 26-29 February 2012 1. Background The September 18th Sikkim earthquake affected several families and public activities in Bhutan causing damages to homes and community infrastructures. The earthquake resulted in 15 casualties, including one fatality. All dzongkhags in Bhutan suffered varying degrees of damages to homes, social infrastructure, including health and educational facilities, administrative offices, dzongs, lhakhangs and choetens. A Joint Rapid Assessment Team composed of members from RGoB (DDM-MoHCA, Doc-MoHCA, MoE, MoH), UN System (UNDP BCPR, UN OCHA, UNDP, UNICEF, WFP and WHO) and World Bank undertook field assessment on 6-12 October in Paro, Haa, Chukha and Samtse (the most affected districts). The assessment estimated that 62 percent of all residential structure damaged and over 87 percent of residential structure damaged beyond repair were in Haa, Paro, Chukha and Samtse Dzongkhags.1 The majority of the damages to 12 Dzongs, 320 Lhakhangs, 111 Chortens, 110 schools, 36 hospitals/BHUs/ORCs, 27 RNR Centers and 40 Geog Centers/Gups Offices were located in these most affected dzongkhags. All casualties took place in Haa and Chukha Dzongkhags. The People’s Welfare Office of His Majesty (Gyalpoi Zimpon’s Office), RGoB, local administrations, RBA and doesung/volunteers provided support to the affected families in forms of kidu grant, food, timber, transportation and workforce, especially in erecting temporary shelters. In response to the RGoB’s appeal to the UN System for immediate support of CGI-sheets, winterized school tents for schools and dignity kits on 22 September 2011, the UN system in Bhutan mobilized emergency cash grant of US$ 50,000 (UNOCHA), US$ 1.6 mln.(CERF-Rapid Response Grant) and US$ 75,000 (UNDP-BCPR Trac 1.1.3.). -
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Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number: 37399 July 2008 BHU: Green Power Development Project Prepared by: Royal Government of Bhutan Bhutan For Asian Development Bank This report has been submitted to ADB by the Royal Government of Bhutan and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Environmental Assessment Report Summary Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 37399 July 2008 BHU: Green Power Development Project Prepared by the Royal Government of Bhutan for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2008) Currency Unit – Ngultrum (Nu) Nu1.00 = $0.025 $1.00 = Nu40.50 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund BPC – Bhutan Power Corporation CDM – clean development mechanism DGPC – Druk Green Power Corporation DHPC – Dagachhu Hydro Power Corporation DOE – Department of Energy DOF – Department of Forests EIA – environmental impact assessment GDP – gross domestic product EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination NEC – National Environment Commission RED – Renewable Energy Division SIEE – summary initial environmental examination TA – technical assistance WLED – white light emitting diode WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer kV – kilovolt (1,000 volts) kWh – kilowatt-hour MW – megawatt NOTES (i) The fiscal year of the Government ends on 30 June and the fiscal year of its companies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars Vice President B.N.