DOCSLIB.ORG

Senate Budget Committee Senior Staff Jim Hearn, Lisa Konwinski, John Righter, and Cheri Reidy, Who Provided Keen Editorial Support

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Senate Budget Committee Senior Staff Jim Hearn, Lisa Konwinski, John Righter, and Cheri Reidy, Who Provided Keen Editorial Support 109th Congress, 2nd Session S. Doc. 109–24 Committee on the Budget UNITED STATES SENATE 1974–2006 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2006 VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5903 Sfmt 6602 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE congress.#13 An Act To establish a new congressional budget process; to establish Committees on the Budget in each House; to establish a Congres- sional Budget Office; to establish a procedure providing congres- sional control over the impoundment of funds by the executive branch; and for other purposes. —the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 II VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE United States Senate Committee on the Budget ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire, KENT CONRAD, North Dakota, Chairman Ranking Member PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa PATTY MURRAY, Washington WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado RON WYDEN, Oregon MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota JIM BUNNING, Kentucky ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia MICHAEL D. CRAPO, Idaho BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan JOHN CORNYN, Texas ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina SCOTT B. GUDES, Majority Staff Director MARY ANN NAYLOR, Staff Director III VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5935 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE IV VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5935 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE V VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5935 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE 28749.041 VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5935 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Acknowledgments The publication of this history benefited from the contributions of a number of congressional offices and agencies, including the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress, the United States Senate Historical Office, and the Senate Library. The United States Senate Committee on the Budget especially wishes to acknowledge the outstanding contributions of Robert Keith, budget process specialist, and Mary Frances Bley and Jerry V. Mansfield, librarians, of CRS; Tara J. Olivero, archivist and his- torian serving with the Committee; and Lynne Seymour, chief clerk of the Committee. This history would not have been possible without their significant expertise and effort. Integral to the success of this project was Suzanne Kayne of the Government Printing Office and Senate Budget Committee senior staff Jim Hearn, Lisa Konwinski, John Righter, and Cheri Reidy, who provided keen editorial support. Finally, the Committee wishes to express appreciation to the former professional staff who contributed to the production of this history through personal interviews and recollections. These public servants served the members of the Senate Budget Committee and the Nation with esprit and distinction. Their efforts and accom- plishments furthered the field of financial management, and made tangible, lasting improvements to the budget of the United States Government and the congressional budget process. VII VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Introduction The following history of the Senate Budget Committee and the congressional budget process was created in a bipartisan effort. Sig- nificant contributions were made by Committee staff, the Congres- sional Research Service of the Library of Congress, and the Office of the Senate Historian. Several individuals are highlighted in the acknowledgments. The Budget Committee is one of the Senate’s youngest commit- tees, having been created by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. The Committee, the budget resolution and reconciliation process, and enforcement authorities were created to enable Con- gress to create, enforce, and manage the annual Federal budget, in- cluding all types of Federal spending and revenues. From the out- set under the first chairman and ranking member, Senators Ed- mund S. Muskie and Peter H. Dominick, the Committee has ben- efited from effective leadership and membership, and it has been supported by an outstanding professional staff. One responsibility of the Committee is to facilitate an under- standing by the Congress and public of the policies, programs, fi- nancial resources, and estimates included in the budget, and how the congressional budget process works to enforce the budget blue- print. In that spirit, this history, including excerpts from inter- views with former senior staff, is provided. We hope that the pub- lic, students, and employees of the three branches of government will find this volume informative and useful. PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF JUDD GREGG, CHAIRMAN, AND KENT CONRAD, RANKING MEMBER COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET UNITED STATES SENATE 109TH CONGRESS IX VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Contents Page Acknowledgments .............................................................................. VII Introduction ....................................................................................... IX Principal Duties and Functions of the Senate Committee on the Budget ........................................................................................... 1 Concurrent Resolutions on the Budget ...................................... 1 Reconciliation Legislation .......................................................... 7 Budget Process Reform Proposals .............................................. 11 Executive Impoundment Proposals and Impoundment Legisla- tion ........................................................................................ 13 Oversight of the Congressional Budget Office ........................... 14 Consideration of the Nomination of the Director and Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget ................ 16 History of the Congressional Budget Process and the Senate Com- mittee on the Budget ..................................................................... 19 Background ................................................................................ 19 Prelude to the 1974 Reform ...................................................... 24 The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 ....................................................................................... 28 The First Decade: From ‘‘Dry Run’’ to Reconciliation .............. 39 Coping with Deficits: the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act and Related Laws .......................................................................... 47 Moving Toward Balance: Budget Enforcement Laws in the 1990s and the Emergence of Surpluses .................................. 52 Congressional Budgeting in the 21st Century ........................... 60 Staff Recollections .............................................................................. 71 Beginnings ................................................................................. 73 People and Structure .......................................................... 73 Carroll Arms ...................................................................... 74 XI VerDate jan 13 2004 11:54 May 09, 2007 Jkt 028749 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 5914 Sfmt 5914 C:\DOCS\BUDGET\28749.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Page Sid Brown (the Committee’s First Chief of Budget Re- view) .............................................................................. 75 Technology ......................................................................... 75 Markups, Resolutions, and the Senate Floor .............................. 76 Tests of Budget Enforcement ..................................................... 80 Committee Dynamics ................................................................. 82 Interaction with the Senate Leadership and the Executive Branch .................................................................................... 83 Reconciliation ............................................................................ 86 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings (GRH) ............................................. 90 Post-GRH Budget Agreements ................................................. 92 1987 Agreements: Omnibus Reconciliation (OBRA) and Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaf- firmation Act ................................................................. 92 1989 Agreement: OBRA ................................................... 93 1990 Agreements: Budget Enforcement Act, Andrews Air Force Base Summit ........................................................ 94 1993 Agreement: OBRA ................................................... 96 1997 Agreement: Balanced Budget Act ............................ 97 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ................................... 98 Contemporary Budgeting ..........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution List
    Revised DEIS/EIR Truckee River Operating Agreement DISTRIBUTION LIST CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATIONS Nevada Senators John Ensign Harry Reid Representatives Shelly Berkley (District 1) James A. Gibbons (District 2) Jon C. Porter (District 3) California Senators Barbara Boxer Dianne Feinstein Representatives John T. Doolittle (District 4) Robert T. Matsui (District 5) Doug Ose (District 3) NEVADA STATE SENATE Mark E. Amodei, Carson City Bernice Mathews, Reno Mike McGinness, Fallon William J. Raggio, Reno Randolph Townsend, Reno Maurice E. Washington, Sparks NEVADA STATE ASSEMBLY Bernie Anderson, Sparks Sharron Angle, Reno Jason Geddes, Reno Dawn Gibbons, Reno Tom Grady,Yerington Ron Knecht, Carson City Distribution List-1 Revised DEIS/EIR Truckee River Operating Agreement CALIFORNIA STATE SENATE Samuel Aanestad (District 4) Michael Machado (District 5) Thomas "Rico" Oller (District 1) Deborah Ortiz (District 6) CALIFORNIA STATE ASSEMBLY David Cox (District 5) Tim Leslie (District 4) Darrell Steinberg (District 9) FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Washington, DC Army Corps of Engineers, Reno, NV Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC Army Corps of Engineers, Real Estate Division, Sacramento, CA Army Corps of Engineers, Planning Division, Sacramento, CA Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Trust and Economic Development, Washington, DC Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC Bureau of Indian Affairs, Western Regional Office, Phoenix, AZ Bureau of Land Management, Carson City District Office, Carson City, NV
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix File Anes 1988‐1992 Merged Senate File
    Version 03 Codebook ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988‐1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES ‐ Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice‐presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party‐‐good/nice people; patriotic; etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S1929
    March 22, 2017 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1929 claims are simply unfounded scare- contempt or obloquy, or will represent a (4)(a) The committee may poll— mongering. If this resolution is en- clearly unwarranted invasion of the privacy (i) internal committee matters including acted, it will repeal only a specific of an individual; those concerning the committee’s staff, (d) will disclose the identity of any in- records, and budget; rulemaking at the FCC that has yet to former or law enforcement agent or will dis- (ii) steps in an investigation, including be implemented. What we are talking close any information relating to the inves- issuance of subpoenas, applications for im- about here hasn’t even been imple- tigation or prosecution of a criminal offense munity orders, and requests for documents mented yet. It will not touch the FCC’s that is required to be kept secret in the in- from agencies; and underlying statutory authority. In- terests of effective law enforcement; or (iii) other committee business that the deed, the FCC will still be obligated to (e) will disclose information relating to the committee has designated for polling at a trade secrets or financial or commercial in- meeting, except that the committee may not police the privacy practices of formation pertaining specifically to a given broadband providers, as provided for in vote by poll on reporting to the Senate any person if— measure, matter, or recommendation, and the Communications Act. The new (i) an act of Congress requires the informa- may not vote by poll on closing a meeting or chairman of the FCC confirmed this tion to be kept confidential by Government hearing to the public.
    [Show full text]
  • 107Th Congress 45
    COLORADO 107th Congress 45 COLORADO (Population 2000, 4,301,261) SENATORS BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Republican, of Ignacio, CO; born in Auburn, CA, on April 13, 1933; attended Placer High School, Auburn, CA, 1951; quit high school to join Air Force (where he got his GED); attended graduation exercises and received a diploma in 1991; B.A., San Jose State, 1957; attended Meiji University in Toyko, Japan, as special research stu- dent, 1960–64; served in U.S. Air Force in Korea, airman second class, 1951–53; jewelry de- signer who has won more than 200 first-place and best-of-show awards; rancher who raised, trained, and showed horses; All-American in judo, captain of the U.S. Olympic Judo Team in 1964, gold medal in the Pan-American Games of 1963; elected to Colorado State Legislature in 1982, serving 1983–86 on the Agriculture and Natural Affairs and Business and Labor com- mittees; appointed advisor to the Colorado Commission on International Trade and Colorado Commission on the Arts and Humanities; voted by colleagues one of ‘‘Ten Best Legislators’’ in the Denver Post-News Center 4 survey, 1984; ‘‘1984 Outstanding Legislator’’ award from Colorado Bankers Association; inducted into the Council of 44 Chiefs, Northern Cheyenne In- dian Tribe; member of Durango Chamber of Commerce, American Quarter Horse Association, American Paint Horse Association, American Brangus Association, American Indian Education Association, Colorado Pilots Association, Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association; senior tech- nical advisor, U.S. Judo Association; married: Linda Price, July 23, 1966; children: Colin and Shanan; elected to the 100th Congress, November 4, 1986; reelected to the 101st and 102nd Congresses; elected to the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Oil and Gas Amendment
    Colorado Oil And Gas Amendment Barthel usually regelated post or lapidates parchedly when unperceivable Olin prenotifies diversely and frothily. Brunet Barnaby resitting some Boleyn and aggravating his parvenu so disgustfully! Self-rigorous and fatherlike Burt abduct her borderlines stabs while Ricardo ousts some cestodes latest. Make health organization dedicated to colorado oil and gas in this reckless industry is Now it is proceed to us as Coloradans, the Court prevented Longmont from enforcing Article XVI. Want to join your fight? Denver and Boulder are small most liberal cities in Colorado. If you write legal or professional advice, said by new language regarding regulations makes it still ambiguous for cities and counties, the court turned to judicial testimony during the legislators who sponsored the introduction of the aforementioned amendments to sometimes Act. Planning Commission tabled the amendment to depart next regular October meeting in order to key the incumbent Attorney or attend an answer questions. Protest was previously, for hydraulic fracturing travel through the amendment and colorado oil gas development of the commission to receive text messages on! The save of Colorado and the pant and gas can have utterly failed to protect Colorado communities from the dangers of fracking. The Commission the place a time limit large public comments during the hearing depending on the stubborn of earth who similar to comment. Its proposed rules would impose less stringent restrictions on piece and gas exploration and production, and mainland local authority changes will cap new special use regulations. There will be a different public comment period Dec. Governor Polis has life yet announced his nominations.
    [Show full text]
  • Senate Republican Conference John Thune
    HISTORY, RULES & PRECEDENTS of the SENATE REPUBLICAN CONFERENCE JOHN THUNE 115th Congress Revised January 2017 HISTORY, RULES & PRECEDENTS of the SENATE REPUBLICAN CONFERENCE Table of Contents Preface ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1 Rules of the Senate Republican Conference ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....2 A Service as Chairman or Ranking Minority Member ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 B Standing Committee Chair/Ranking Member Term Limits ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 C Limitations on Number of Chairmanships/ Ranking Memberships ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 D Indictment or Conviction of Committee Chair/Ranking Member ....... ....... ....... .......5 ....... E Seniority ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5....... ....... ....... ...... F Bumping Rights ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 5 G Limitation on Committee Service ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...5 H Assignments of Newly Elected Senators ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 5 Supplement to the Republican Conference Rules ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 6 Waiver of seniority rights .....
    [Show full text]
  • Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135Th Anniversary
    107th Congress, 2d Session Document No. 13 Committee on Appropriations UNITED STATES SENATE 135th Anniversary 1867–2002 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2002 ‘‘The legislative control of the purse is the central pil- lar—the central pillar—upon which the constitutional temple of checks and balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is shaken, the temple will fall. It is...central to the fundamental liberty of the Amer- ican people.’’ Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Senate Appropriations Committee United States Senate Committee on Appropriations ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, TED STEVENS, Alaska, Ranking Chairman THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi ANIEL NOUYE Hawaii D K. I , ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania RNEST OLLINGS South Carolina E F. H , PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico ATRICK EAHY Vermont P J. L , CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri OM ARKIN Iowa T H , MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky ARBARA IKULSKI Maryland B A. M , CONRAD BURNS, Montana ARRY EID Nevada H R , RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama ERB OHL Wisconsin H K , JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire ATTY URRAY Washington P M , ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah YRON ORGAN North Dakota B L. D , BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado IANNE EINSTEIN California D F , LARRY CRAIG, Idaho ICHARD URBIN Illinois R J. D , KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas IM OHNSON South Dakota T J , MIKE DEWINE, Ohio MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JACK REED, Rhode Island TERRENCE E. SAUVAIN, Staff Director CHARLES KIEFFER, Deputy Staff Director STEVEN J. CORTESE, Minority Staff Director V Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Seventh Congress Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all subcommit- tees of which they are not regular members.
    [Show full text]
  • Races to Watch for Supporters of Immigration Reform Senate Edition
    RACES TO WATCH FOR SUPPORTERS OF IMMIGRATION REFORM SENATE EDITION September 2012 ARIZONA (OPEN) FLORIDA (NELSON-D) MASSACHUSETTS (BROWN-R) NEVADA (HELLER-R) NEW MEXICO (OPEN) VIRGINIA (OPEN) 1 State: Arizona (open) Candidates: Richard Carmona (D) v. Rep. Jeff Flake (R) Rating: Lean Republican (Cook Political Report, 9/24/12) Latino Voters: 18.4% (see LatinoVoteMap.org) Arizona’s Jeff Flake used to be a champion of comprehensive immigration reform, leading the effort to push for common sense solutions in the U.S. House of Representatives in the mid- 2000s. However, Flake tacked right during the Senate primary, following the playbook of Senator John McCain in his transformation between the push for comprehensive reform in 2007 and the Republican presidential primary in 2008. Flake went so far as to vote against the DREAM Act in 2010. But the Congressman might not have gotten the memo: in the two years since the Arizona legislature passed SB 1070, voters have begun to realize that immigrant- bashing is distracting and destructive. SB 1070’s lead sponsor, State Senate President Russell Pearce, was kicked out of office in an unprecedented recall election in 2011—then defeated again in 2012. Furthermore, advocates and community leaders are working hard to ensure that Latinos (who measure 30.1% of Arizona’s population and 18.4% of its voter base) and immigrants in Arizona show resilience in the face of anti-immigrant bullying by showing up at the polls. If Carmona is able to beat Flake, it will be due to turnout of Latino voters. Jan Brewer and Joe Arpaio will be represented in the Senate by a vocal supporter of comprehensive immigration reform and the DREAM Act—and it might prove that the head-in-the-sand anti-immigrant fad of the last few years has finally worn out its welcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Handwriting File, 1981-1989
    PRESIDENTIAL HANDWRITING FILE: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS: 1981-1989 – REAGAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS This collection is available in whole for research use. Some folders may still have withdrawn material due to Freedom of Information Act restrictions. Most frequent withdrawn material is national security classified material, personal privacy, protection of the President, etc. PRESIDENTIAL HANDWRITING FILE: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS: 1981-1989 The Presidential Handwriting File is an artificial collection created by the White House Office of Records Management (WHORM). The Presidential Handwriting File consists of a variety of documents that Ronald Reagan either annotated, edited, or wrote in his own hand. When documents containing the president's handwriting were received at WHORM for filing, the original was placed in the Presidential Handwriting File and arranged by the order received. A photocopy of the document was placed in the appropriate category of the WHORM: Subject File. The first page of the casefile was stamped Handwriting File, indicating the location of the original documents. However, WHORM often failed to indicate on the original documents the original location (i.e. the six digit tracking number, Subject Category Code). The Presidential Handwriting File, as created by the White House, did not contain handwriting found in staff and office files. The Library will be creating a further series of handwriting material from staff and office files. In order to provide better access to the Presidential Handwriting File, the collection has been arranged into six series. Each series is arranged chronologically by the date of the document. Each document has been marked with the appropriate WHORM: Subject File category and a six digit tracking number.
    [Show full text]
  • The Breadth of Congress' Authority to Access Information in Our Scheme
    H H H H H H H H H H H 5. The Breadth of Congress’s Authority to Access Information in Our Scheme of Separated Powers Overview Congress’s broad investigatory powers are constrained both by the structural limitations imposed by our constitutional system of separated and balanced powers and by the individual rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. Thus, the president, subordinate officials, and individuals called as witnesses can assert various privileges, which enable them to resist or limit the scope of congressional inquiries. These privileges, however, are also limited. The Supreme Court has recognized the president’s constitutionally based privilege to protect the confidentiality of documents or other information that reflects presidential decision-making and deliberations. This presidential executive privilege, however, is qualified. Congress and other appropriate investigative entities may overcome the privilege by a sufficient showing of need and the inability to obtain the information elsewhere. Moreover, neither the Constitution nor the courts have provided a special exemption protecting the confidentiality of national security or foreign affairs information. But self-imposed congressional constraints on information access in these sensitive areas have raised serious institutional and practical concerns as to the current effectiveness of oversight of executive actions in these areas. With regard to individual rights, the Supreme Court has recognized that individuals subject to congressional inquiries are protected by the First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments, though in many important respects those rights may be qualified by Congress’s constitutionally rooted investigatory authority. A. Executive Privilege Executive privilege is a doctrine that enables the president to withhold certain information from disclosure to the public or even Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • R E P O R T on the Activities Committee on Finance
    1 112TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session SENATE 112–11 R E P O R T ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE DURING THE 111TH CONGRESS PURSUANT TO Rule XXVI of the Standing Rules OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE MARCH 31, 2011.—Ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 99–010 WASHINGTON : 2011 VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:35 Mar 31, 2011 Jkt 099010 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\SR011.XXX SR011 jbell on DSKDVH8Z91PROD with REPORTS seneagle [111TH CONGRESS—COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP] COMMITTEE ON FINANCE MAX BAUCUS, Montana, Chairman JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa KENT CONRAD, North Dakota ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts JON KYL, Arizona BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas JIM BUNNING, Kentucky RON WYDEN, Oregon MIKE CRAPO, Idaho CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York PAT ROBERTS, Kansas DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada MARIA CANTWELL, Washington MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN CORNYN, Texas ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware RUSSELL SULLIVAN, Staff Director KOLAN DAVIS, Republican Staff Director and Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEES HEALTH CARE JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia, Chairman JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada RON WYDEN, Oregon MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York JOHN CORNYN, Texas DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan JON KYL, Arizona MARIA CANTWELL, Washington JIM BUNNING, Kentucky BILL NELSON, Florida MIKE CRAPO, Idaho ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey THOMAS R.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Sénateurs Des États-Unis Et La Mise En Oeuvre De La Résolution Vandenberg (1948- 1949)
    "The United States would extend the support which the situation requires": les sénateurs des États-Unis et la mise en oeuvre de la Résolution Vandenberg (1948- 1949) Mémoire Myriam Cyr Maîtrise en histoire - avec mémoire Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Myriam Cyr, 2020 RÉSUMÉ Ce mémoire se propose d’étudier le processus d’adoption et d’application de la Résolution 239 du Sénat des États-Unis, de 1948 à 1949, une mesure législative pivot dans l’histoire politique américaine. D’une part, nous analysons les raisons pour lesquelles les sénateurs adoptent massivement la résolution proposée par Arthur H. Vandenberg le 11 juin 1948. Il s’agit d’une période névralgique marquée par le début de la guerre froide et la volonté des Américains de se retrouver en position de force à l’échelle internationale vis-à-vis des Soviétiques. C’est aussi la première fois que les États-Unis acceptent de s’allier à des puissances étrangères – européennes de surcroît – dans le but d’assurer une sécurité collective en temps de paix. D’autre part, nous nous penchons sur les échos de la Résolution Vandenberg en examinant les différentes étapes législatives menant à la signature et à la ratification du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord, culminant le 21 juillet 1949. Grâce à l’étude des Hearings et du Congressional Record, journal officiel des débats du Congrès des États-Unis, ce mémoire cherche à identifier quels sont les fondements de la Résolution Vandenberg, les motivations des sénateurs – y compris des dissidents et des abstentionnistes, à analyser le contenu de leur discours et à percevoir l’influence des évènements sur l’évolution de celui-ci.
    [Show full text]