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© Lonely Planet 346 Index A Foster, Norman 157 Blaenavon Ironworks 122 Aberdaron 271-2 Williams-Ellis, Clough 252-3, 268 boat travel 128, 135, see also canoe- Aberfan Disaster 121 architecture 48-9 ing, kayaking, sailing, yachting Abergavenny 125-30, 126 area codes, see inside front cover North Coast 290 accommodation 128-9 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty Snowdonia 256, 265 activities 127-8 (AONB) 55, 56, 58, 280 Bodelwyddan Castle 303 drinks 129 art galleries, see museums & galleries Bodnant Garden 292 food 129, 130 Arthur, King 27, 29, 75-6, 77-8, 79 books 19, 42-4, 219-20, 221, see also sights 127 Arthur’s Stone 155 literature travel to/from 129 arts 42-51, see also individual arts Hay Festival 222 INDEX travel within 129-30 ATMs 315 travel literature 20 Abergavenny Food Festival 19, 128 Booth, Richard 221 Abersoch 270-1 B Brangwyn, Frank 50 Aberystwyth 211-15, 212 Bala 245-8 Brecon 133-7, 134 accommodation 213-14 Bala Lake Railway 246 accommodation 135-6 drink 215 Bangor 285-8 activities 135 food 214-15 Bangor Cathedral 286-7 Brecon Jazz Festival 19, 135 travel to/from 215 Barclodiad y Gawres 282 drinks 136 travel within 215 Bardsey Island 272 entertainment 136-7 Aberystwyth Arts Centre 50 Barmouth 239-41 festivals 135-7 abseiling 247, 265 Barmouth Bridge 239 food 136, 137 accommodation 304-7, see also Bassey, Shirley 46 sights 133-4 individual locations Battle of Agincourt 111 travel to/from 137 B&Bs 305 beaches 58, 270 Brecon Beacons 110, 123-39, camping 305-6 Barafundle Bay 170 112 hostels 306 Druidston Haven 184, 179 Brecon Beacons National Park 55, activities 58-69, see also individual Freshwater West 170 123-5 activities Llandudno West Shore Beach 58 Brecon Cathedral 134 air travel 320-2 Rhosneigr Beach 58 Brecon Jazz Festival 19, 135 airlines 320-1 Beacons Way 123 Brecon Mountain Railway 120 airports 320-1 Beaumaris 278-81 breweries 251 to/from Wales 320-2 Beaumaris Castle 278, 11 Broad Haven 164, 165, 182, 183, alternative sources of energy 57 Beddgelert 258-9 202-3, 179 alternative Wales 39-40 beer 71, 251 Brown, Lancelot ‘Capability’ 85 Andrew Logan Museum of Betws-y-Coed 260-3, 261 Bryn Celli Ddu 282 Sculpture 230 bicycle travel, see cycling Builth Wells 218-19 Anglesey 275-85, 277 Big Pit National Coal Museum 122 burial mounds 29, 78 Anglesey Sea Zoo 282 birds 53, 54, 154 Arthur’s Stone 155 animals 53, see also individual Anglesey 282 Bryn Celli Ddu 282 animals Carmarthenshire 159-60, 161 Carreg Caenan 189, 200 antiques 102, 122, 127, 229, 248 Gower Peninsula 151, 153 Carreg Coetan 194 archaeological sites, see burial Llŷn, the 271, 272 Carreg Sampson 204 mounds, castles, forts Mid-Wales 210, 226-7 Mound of the Goblins 76 architects North Coast 293, 300 Penmaen Burrows 153 Brown, Lancelot ‘Capability’ 85 Pembrokeshire 183, 188, 194, 8 Pentre Ifan 195-6 Burges, William 85, 105 Snowdonia 240, 250 St Lyfan’s 76 Black Mountain 123, 138-9 Tinkinswood 79 000 MapMap pagespages Black Mountains 123, 132-3 Twyn Tudor 76, 79 000 PhotographPhotograph pagespages Blaenau Ffestiniog 259-60 Burges, William 85, 105 Blaenavon 121-3 Burton, Richard 45, 161, 190 Index (B-C) 347 bus travel Carew Cross 181 Centre for Alternative Technology 234-5 passes 325-6, 326 Carew Tidal Mill 181 Chaplin, Charlie 50 to/from Wales 323 Carmarthenshire 156-61 Chapter Arts Centre 50 within Wales 323, 325-6 Carreg Caenan 189, 200 Chartists 34, 106-7, 230 bushwalking, see walking Carreg Cennen Castle 158, 7 Chepstow 116-18, 117 business hours 308 Carreg Coetan 194 children, travel with 308 Bute family 82 Carreg Sampson 204 food 73 Bute, marquess of 81, 82, 85, 105 Castell Coch 105 health 332-3 Bute Park 85-6 Castell Dinas Brân 299-300 itineraries 27 Butetown 90 castles 31, 48 Chirk Castle 301 Abergavenny 127 churches C Aberystwyth Castle 213 Bangor Cathedral 286-7 Cader Idris 244 Beaumaris Castle 278, 11 Brecon Cathedral 134 Cadw 49, 318 Bodelwyddan Castle 303 Cathedral Church of St Deiniol, see INDEX Caerleon Roman Fortress 108-9 Caernarfon Castle 255-6, 10 Bangor Cathedral Caernarfon 254-8, 255 Caerphilly Castle 105-6 Llandaff Cathedral 91 Caernarfon Castle 255-6, 10 Cardiff Castle 85, 5 Marble Church 303 Caerphilly 105-6 Cardigan Castle 207 Partrishow Church 132 Cambrian Way 66 Carew Castle 181 St David’s Cathedral 184-6, 8 canoeing 67, 328, see also kayaking Carreg Cennen Castle 158, 7 St Hywyn’s Church 271 Brecon Beacons 137 Castell Coch 105 St John’s Church 82, 88 Llŷn, the 269 Castell Dinas Brân 299-300 St Martin’s Church 161, 7 Mid-Wales 221 Chepstow Castle 116 St Mary’s Church, Tenby 166 North Coast 300 Chirk Castle 301 St Mary’s Priory Church , Snowdonia 247, 265 Conwy Castle 289-90 Abergavenny 127 Capel Curig 263 Criccieth Castle 268 St Michael’s Church 260 car travel 326-8 Cyfarthfa Castle 120 Strata Florida Abbey 216 driving licence 327 Ewloe Castle 302-3 Valle Crucis Abbey 297-8 insurance 327-8 Harlech Castle 248 cinema 19, 45-6, 303 rental 327 Kidwelly Castle 160 Civil War 171, 182, 248, 255-6 road distance chart 327 Laugharne Castle 161 climate 18, 308-9 road rules 328 Manorbier Castle 169 climbing 59, 120, 186 Cardiff 81-109, 83 Monmouth Castle 111 Brecon Beacons 124, 6 accommodation 93-5 Newport Castle 107, 194 Mid-Wales 221-2 activities 84-91 Oystermouth Castle 146 North Coast 300 Cardiff Bay 37, 88-91, 89, 5 Pembroke Castle 171 Pembrokeshire 164 Cardiff Castle 85, 5 Penrhyn Castle 287 Pembrokeshire Coast National Park 66 Cathedral Road Area 94 Powis Castle 228, 9 safety 124 Central Cardiff 86 Raglan Castle 115 Snowdonia 237-8, 247, 263, 265, 266 children 92 Swansea Castle 143 Taff Trail 63, 120 drinks 98-9 Tretower Castle 132 Welsh International Climbing entertainment 99-101 Catatonia 47 Centre 120 festivals 93 cathedrals, see churches Clwydian Ranges 56, 63, 302 food 95-8 caves 59, 201, 205 coal & iron works 119 history 82-3 Craig-y-Ddinas 78 Big Pit National Coal Museum 122 internet access 84 Dan-yr-Ogof 138-9 Blaenavon Ironworks 122 medical services 84 Ogof Draenon 59 Cyfarthfa Blast Furnaces 120 shopping 101-2 Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 52, 139 Rhondda Heritage Park 119 sights 84-90 Ogof Lanciau Eryri 78 coasteering 66, 186 travel to/from 102-3 Paviland Cave 154 Pembrokeshire 66, 164 travel within 90-1, 103-4 Porth-yr-Ogof 138 Coed y Brenin Forest Park 245 Cardiff Bay 37, 88-91, 89, 5 caving 59, 138-9 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 113 Cardiff Castle 85, 5 Mid-Wales 221-2 comedy venues Cardiff Festival 19, 93 Celtic crosses 181, 195, 272 Brecon Beacons 129, 136 Cardigan 207-10, 209 Celts 29, 75, 195, 272, 276-7 Cardiff area 99, 101, 107, 115, 117 348 Index (C-H) comedy venues continued Dyfi Valley Way 66 top festivals 19 Mid-Wales 220 Dylan Thomas Centre 145 Urdd Eisteddfod 19 North Coast 296 Dylan Thomas Festival 146 walking 66, 209, 241 Swansea 149 Ffestiniog Railway 239 conservation 53-6 E Fforest Fawr 123, 138-9 Conservative Party 36 economy 28, 39, 118 Fforest Fawr Geopark 123 consulates 311 ecotourism 54, 234-5, 319 fish 53 Conwy 288-92, 289 Edward I 31, 106, 248, 254, 256, 268, Fishguard 190-3, 191 Conwy Castle 289-90 288, 299-300 fishing 61 Conwy Suspension Bridge 290 Edward VIII 256 food 70-4, 72, 73, 105 Corris 235 eisteddfod 47 cooking courses 73 costs 18-20, see also inside front cover International Musical Eisteddfod vegetarian 72 courses 309 19, 47, 300 football 40-2 Welsh-language 273, 274, 309 Royal National Eisteddfod 47 forests, see national parks & nature crafts 316 Urdd Eisteddfod 19 reserves INDEX credit cards 315 Elan Valley Trail 227 Foster, Norman 157 Criccieth 267-8 electricity 304 cricket 99 email services 314 G Crickhowell 130-2 embassies 311 galleries, see museums & galleries Cromwell, Oliver 171, 248, 255-6 emergencies 311, 331-3, see also gannets 53 culture 23, 38-51 inside front cover gardens customs regulations 310 environmental issues 56-7, 234-5 Aberglasney Garden 157-8 cycling 59-61, 186, 194, 324-5, Erddig 301-2 Bodnant Garden 292 see also mountain biking Eryri, see Snowdonia Erddig 302 Brecon Beacons 124, 135 ethnicity 41 Gwyllt Gardens 254 Mid-Wales 233 Evans, Caradoc 42 National Botanic Garden of Pembrokeshire 164 Ewloe Castle 302-3 Wales 157 Snowdonia 238-9, 240, 243, 245, exchange rates, see inside front cover Powis Castle 228 256, 260 gay travellers 99, 313 Swansea area 146 F Geoffrey of Monmouth 79, 80, 111 Cyfarthfa Blast Furnaces 120 Fairbourne & Barmouth Steam geology 52-3 Railway 240 Gigrin Farm Red Kite Feeding D fairies 77 Station 226-7 dance 50-1 festivals 19, 311-13 Glyndŵr, Owain 31-2, 82, 86, 231, Dan-yr-Ogof 138-9 Abergavenny Food Festival 19, 128 248, 255, 268 Dda, Hywel 30 Brecon Beacons 128, 135 Glyndŵr’s Way 63 deforestation 54 Brecon Jazz Festival 19, 135 golf 61-2 Devil’s Bridge 215-16 Cardiff area 93, 99, 107 government 28, 37 Dinas Island 195 Cardiff Festival 19 Gower Peninsula 56, 151-6, 152 disabled travellers 317 Dylan Thomas Festival 146 Grassholm Island 183 diving 67-8 Hay Festival 19, 222 Great Depression 35, 82 Dolaucothi Gold Mines 159-61 International Musical Eisteddfod Great Orme 293-4 Dolgellau 241-5, 242 19, 47, 300 Gregynog Hall 231 dolmen, see burial mounds Llŷn, the 271 Gwydyr Forest 260 dolphins 53, 183 Man Versus Horse Marathon 19 Gwyllt Gardens 254 drinks 71, 72, see also beer, breweries, Mid-Wales 209, 216, 222, 224, whisky, wine 229, 230, 233 H driving, see car travel North Coast 294, 300 Harlech 248-9 driving licence 327 Pembrokeshire 167, 186, 192, 196 Harlequin Puppet Theatre 297 druids 276 Royal National Eisteddfod 47 Haverfordwest 181-2 Druidston Haven 184, 179 Sesiwn Fawr Festival 19 Hay Festival 222 Six Nations Rugby Championship 19 Hay-on-Wye
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  • Wales: River Wye to the Great Orme, Including Anglesey

    Wales: River Wye to the Great Orme, Including Anglesey

    A MACRO REVIEW OF THE COASTLINE OF ENGLAND AND WALES Volume 7. Wales. River Wye to the Great Orme, including Anglesey J Welsby and J M Motyka Report SR 206 April 1989 Registered Office: Hydraulics Research Limited, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX1 0 8BA. Telephone: 0491 35381. Telex: 848552 ABSTRACT This report reviews the coastline of south, west and northwest Wales. In it is a description of natural and man made processes which affect the behaviour of this part of the United Kingdom. It includes a summary of the coastal defences, areas of significant change and a number of aspects of beach development. There is also a brief chapter on winds, waves and tidal action, with extensive references being given in the Bibliography. This is the seventh report of a series being carried out for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. For further information please contact Mr J M Motyka of the Coastal Processes Section, Maritime Engineering Department, Hydraulics Research Limited. Welsby J and Motyka J M. A Macro review of the coastline of England and Wales. Volume 7. River Wye to the Great Orme, including Anglesey. Hydraulics Research Ltd, Report SR 206, April 1989. CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 COASTAL GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.1 Geological background 3.2 Coastal processes 4 WINDS, WAVES AND TIDAL CURRENTS 4.1 Wind and wave climate 4.2 Tides and tidal currents 5 REVIEW OF THE COASTAL DEFENCES 5.1 The South coast 5.1.1 The Wye to Lavernock Point 5.1.2 Lavernock Point to Porthcawl 5.1.3 Swansea Bay 5.1.4 Mumbles Head to Worms Head 5.1.5 Carmarthen Bay 5.1.6 St Govan's Head to Milford Haven 5.2 The West coast 5.2.1 Milford Haven to Skomer Island 5.2.2 St Bride's Bay 5.2.3 St David's Head to Aberdyfi 5.2.4 Aberdyfi to Aberdaron 5.2.5 Aberdaron to Menai Bridge 5.3 The Isle of Anglesey and Conwy Bay 5.3.1 The Menai Bridge to Carmel Head 5.3.2 Carmel Head to Puffin Island 5.3.3 Conwy Bay 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY FIGURES 1.