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<> PROGRAMAS DE SATÉLITES ARTIFICIALES SATELITES ARTIFICIALES. Capítulo 5º Subcap. 12 <> PROGRAMAS DE SATÉLITES POR PAÍSES Y ENTIDADES. (3/3) País País País País > FRANCIA > PORTUGAL > SUIZA > KENIA > JAPÓN > TAILANDIA > LUXEMBURGO > COSTA RICA > CHINA > TURQUIA > HUNGRÍA > BUTÁN > GRAN BRETAÑA > CHILE > POLONIA > QATAR > EUROPA/ESA > MALASIA > RUMANIA > JORDANIA > INDIA > ARGENTINA > AUSTRIA > NEPAL > ISRAEL > NORUEGA > ECUADOR > SRI LANKA > COREA DEL NORTE > FILIPINAS > ESTONIA > RUANDA > IRÁN > EGIPTO > PERÚ > SUDÁN > CANADÁ > SINGAPUR > BOLIVIA > ETIOPÍA > ITALIA > TAIWAN > LITUANIA > NUEVA ZELANDA > AUSTRALIA > DINAMARCA > BÉLGICA > ALEMANIA > SUDÁFRICA > URUGUAY > HOLANDA > ARABIA SAUDÍ > LAOS > ESPAÑA > EMIRATOS ARABES UNIDOS > FINLANDIA > INDONESIA > MARRUECOS > BANGLADESH > CHECOSLOVAQUIA > ARGELIA > GHANA > BRASIL > GRECIA > MONGOLIA > MÉXICO > NIGERIA > ESLOVAQUIA > SUECIA > COLOMBIA > BULGARIA > PAKISTÁN > VIETNAM > LETONIA > COREA DEL SUR > VENEZUELA > ANGOLA > SATÉLITES DE EMPRESAS INTERNACIONALES, CONSORCIOS Y ENTES SUPRANACIONALES > SATÉLITES INTERNACIONALES. > FRANCIA 3º país en lanzar y 5º en disponer de un satélite propio, en 1965. .SATÉLITE Fecha de País Tipo Características del satélite: lanzamiento ASTERIX A-1 26.11.1965 Francia EXP Primer satélite de Francia, con el que este país es el tercero en satelizar una carga. Lanzado a las 14 h 47 m 21 s GMT en Hammaguir, Argelia, con un cohete Diamant. El nombre de este satélite de prueba y científico es debido al héroe del cómic galo de igual titulo. Pesaba 42 Kg y medía 53 cm de diámetro. Estuvo en una órbita de 1.697 Km de apogeo, 527 Km de perigeo y 34,3º de inclinación. Transmitió solo 2 días. Vida orbital prevista de 100 años. Su número COSPAR es 1965-96A. FRANCE 1 06.12.1965 Francia CIE También llamado FR-1A. Satélite de estudios ionosféricos y magnetosféricos lanzado a las 21 h 06 m GMT con un cohete Scout X en Vandenberg. Fue proyectado en 1961 y desarrollado por el CNES, pero también colabora la NASA. Situado en una órbita de 707 Km de apogeo, 696 Km de perigeo y 75,87º de inclinación. Su número COSPAR es 1965-101A. Pesaba 61 Kg y tenía forma poliédrica de 1,32 m de altura y 68 cm de diámetro, sin contar varias antenas, algunas de hasta 2 m de largas. Primero científico francés. Estudio la propagación de las ondas VLF en las capas atmosféricas. Funcionó hasta agosto de 1968 aportando datos de gran interés. D 1966-1975 Francia CIE Satélites científicos, tecnológicos y de estudios geodésicos por efecto Doppler del CNES. Incluye a los satélites DIADEM (ver tal programa). D1-A DIAPASON 17.02.1966 Francia GEO Satélite del CNES del programa D lanzado a las 08 h 33 m 36 s GMT en la base argelina de Hammaguir con un cohete Diamant. Construido por Matra, pesaba 19 Kg y medía 20 cm de altura y 50 cm de diámetro, y desplegado 1,27 m de altura y 1,15 m de diámetro. Disponía de 4 antenas de 75 cm y de 4 paneles solares de 42 por 21 cm con 2.304 células que aportaban 5 vatios; también llevaba pilas de níquel-cadmio. Su órbita tuvo 502 Km de perigeo, 2.484 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 34,1º. Su número COSPAR es 1966-13A. Destinado a estudio geodésicos y otros. D2-A TOURNESOL 15.04.1971 Francia CIE Satélite del programa D lanzado a las 09 h 19 m GMT en la base de Kourou con un cohete Diamant B. Pesaba 96 Kg, de ellos 20 de aparatos científicos, y tenía forma cilíndrica de 80 cm de alto y 70 cm de diámetro; con los 4 paneles solares abiertos tenía 2,6 m de envergadura y los mismos contenían 1.500 células solares que aportaban 55 vatios. Su órbita tuvo 457 Km de perigeo, 696 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 46,37º. Su número COSPAR es 1971-30A. Contenía 5 instrumentos para estudios sobre el Sol, de los que los principales eran un espectrofotómetro y un analizador Lyman-Alfa. Obtuvo datos relativos a la distribución del hidrógeno de la atmósfera solar, temperaturas, densidad y turbulencias en la cromosfera solar superior. Funcionó durante 6 meses. Cayó sobe la alta atmósfera el 28 de enero de 1980. D2-A POLAIRE 06.12.1971 Francia CIE Satélite de estudios atmosféricos similar al anterior; pesaba 97 Kg. Fue lanzado con un cohete Diamant B en Kourou y debía ir a una órbita de 600 Km de altura y 75º de inclinación. Falló la segunda fase del impulsor que explotó al final de su actuación. D5 CASTOR/ 21.05.1972 Francia EXP También llamados D5A y D5B. Ingenio doble, tecnológico el primero y científico el segundo con el que se POLLUX quería estudiar la alta atmósfera, los micrometeoritos y las variaciones gravitatorias terrestres. El modelo A pesaba 38 Kg y tenía forma octaédrica, en tanto que el B pesaba 76 Kg y medía 80 cm de diámetro en forma de poliedro con 26 lados. Fueron lanzados a las 08 h 47 m GMT con un cohete Diamant B en Kourou. Falló la tercera fase, que no se encendió, y no entró en órbita, perdiéndose los 2 satélites que llevaba al reentrar en la atmósfera. D5-A POLLUX 17.05.1975 Francia EXP Satélite tecnológico del programa D de la Societe Europeene de Propulsión, construido por el CNES y lanzado a las 10 h 32 m GMT en la base de Kourou con un cohete Diamant B-P4 junto al Satélite D5-B CASTOR. Pesaba 35,5 Kg y tenía 18 caras en un poliedro de 56 cm de altura y 61 cm de diámetro. Disponía de 160 células solares sobre su superficie que aportaban 10,4 vatios. También llevaba 26 reflectores láser. Su órbita tuvo 299 Km de perigeo, 1.256 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 29,96º. Se probó un acelerómetro ultrasensible de la ONERA y sistema nuevo de propulsión. Su número COSPAR es 1975-39A. Realizó la reentrada el 5 de agosto de 1975. D5-B CASTOR 17.05.1975 Francia EXP Satélite del programa D de la Societe Europeene de Propulsión, construido por el CNES y lanzado a las 10 h 32 m GMT en la base de Kourou con un cohete Diamant B-P4 junto al Satélite D5-A POLLUX. Pesaba 76,5 Kg y tenía 26 caras en forma de poliedro de 71 cm de altura y 80 cm de diámetro. La disponibilidad energética era de 30 vatios. Llevaba 26 reflectores láser geodésicos. Su órbita tuvo 277 Km de perigeo, 1.275 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 29,95º. Se probó un acelerómetro ultrasensible de la ONERA y se estudió la alta atmósfera. Su número COSPAR es 1975-39B. Cayó sobre la alta atmósfera el 18 de febrero de 1979. D2-B AURA 27.09.1975 Francia AST Satélite del programa D lanzado a las 08 h 37 m GMT para el Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale en la base de Kourou con un cohete Diamant B-P4. Pesaba 106,6 Kg y era parecido al Tournesol. Su órbita tuvo 476 Km de perigeo, 697 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 37,13º. Se llevan a cabo ensayos relativos a radiación solar UV y radiación estelar. Su número COSPAR es 1975-92A. El 28 de diciembre de 1976 se avería su sistema estabilizador. El 30 de septiembre de 1982 realizó la reentrada. DIADEME 1967 Francia GEO Satélites geodésicos lanzados por Francia con cohetes Diamant en Hammaguir (Argelia). Llevaban reflectores láser. DIADEME 1 D-1C 08.02.1967 Francia GEO Satélite del programa Diademe lanzado a las 09 h 39 min 40 seg GMT en la base de Hammaguir con un cohete Diamant. Pesaba 22,7 Kg. Su órbita tuvo 561 Km de perigeo, 1.231 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 40º. Falló parcialmente al quedar en una órbita más baja de la deseada. Su número COSPAR es 1967-11A. Se realizó con el mismo un experimento de rayo láser para triangulación geodésica y topografió el Mediterráneo. Funcionó hasta el 2 de enero de 1970. DIADEME 2 D-1D 15.02.1967 Francia GEO Satélite del programa Diademe lanzado a las 10 h 06 min 57 seg GMT en la base de Hammaguir con un cohete Diamant. Pesaba 22,7 Kg. Su órbita tuvo 584 Km de perigeo, 1.733 Km de apogeo y una inclinación de 39,4º. Su número COSPAR es 1967-14A. Realiza estudios geodésicos con rayos láser. Cesó de funcionar el 5 de abril de 1967. DIAL-WIKA / MIKA 10.03.1970 Francia EXP Satélite tecnológico para pruebas de ingeniería. Colabora Alemania Federal y es construido por la Junkers (MBB). Fue lanzado a las 12 h 20 m GMT con un cohete Diamant B en Kourou, siendo el primer disparo aquí. Pesaba 115 Kg, constando de dos módulos (MIKA y WIKA) de 63 y 52 Kg cada uno y 4 instrumentos científico en total. El primero, MIKA (minicápsula francesa del CNES) para el estudio tecnológico del lanzamiento no funcionó debido a daños producidos por la vibración del disparo. El WIKA alemán medía 68 cm de diámetro y 75 cm de largo en forma octogonal. Estuvo en una órbita de 1.631 Km de apogeo, 301 Km de perigeo y 5,4º de inclinación; medía 80 cm de diámetro y 1,5 m de longitud. El ingenio realizó mediciones sobre la densidad del hidrógeno en torno a la Tierra. Medía 1,01 m de altura y 63 cm de diámetro. Sus números COSPAR son 1970- 17A y B. La vida útil prevista fue de un mes, pero funcionó durante 71 días, dejando de transmitir el 20 de mayo de 1970 por problemas en las baterías. Cayó sobre la alta atmósfera el 5 de octubre de 1978.
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