Muhammad (By Bob Pulliam)
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In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research. -
Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Arabic Papyri
WORP, I<. A., Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Ambic Papyri , Aegyptus, 65:112 (1985:genn.ldic.) p.107 Hegira Years in Greek, Greek-Coptic and Greek-Arabic Papyri It is well known that the Arabs use a year count based upon a lunar year. The point of departure for this count is the day on which, according to the tradition, Mohammed fled from Mecca to Medina, i.e. on 16.VII.622 (cf. V. GRUMEL,La Chronologie, 225, who points out that the traditional date is wrong, as the flight took place in fact 68 days later than the tradition would have it). When Egypt was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 641, they introduced their own year count into this country while abolishing the traditional counting of regnal years of the emperor in Byzantium, the use of (post-) consular years of this same ruler, and - in the Oxy- rynchite Nome only- the use of a local era. The system of counting fiscal years in cycles of 15 indiction years (the years within each cycle being numbered 1- 15, the cycles themselves being unnumbered) which had been introduced into Egypt ca. A.D. 314 (cf. R. S. BAGNALL- K. A. WORP,Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt (=CSBE), 1-8), however, was not abolished by the Arabs (see the discussion by H. Cadell of the chronology of the correspondence of Kurrah b. Sharik in ((Rech. Pap)). 4 [l9671 138ff.). Furthermore, the local population of Egypt started to use the era of Diocletian (later called the era of the Martyrs; year 1 = A.D. -
Medieval Islamic Empires
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Medieval Islamic Empires Reader Reading the Koran Minaret of a mosque Kaaba in Mecca THIS BOOK IS THE PROPERTY OF: STATE Book No. PROVINCE Enter information COUNTY in spaces to the left as PARISH instructed. SCHOOL DISTRICT OTHER CONDITION Year ISSUED TO Used ISSUED RETURNED PUPILS to whom this textbook is issued must not write on any page or mark any part of it in any way, consumable textbooks excepted. 1. Teachers should see that the pupil’s name is clearly written in ink in the spaces above in every book issued. 2. The following terms should be used in recording the condition of the book: New; Good; Fair; Poor; Bad. Medieval Islamic Empires Reader Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial—You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike—If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. -
The History of Implementation of Pilgrimage in the Pagan Era
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 12 ISSN: 2222-6990 The History of Implementation of Pilgrimage in the Pagan Era 1Rizalman Muhammad, 2Faiz Hakimi Mat Idris, 3Kamaliah Salleh, 2Ahmad Zahid Salleh, 2Mohamad Zaidin Mohamad 1Institut Pendidikan Guru, Ipoh Campus, Malaysia 2Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, UniSZA, Malaysia 3Faculty of Law, Accountancy & International Relations, UniSZA, Malaysia Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i12/3636 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i12/3636 Abstract The first pilgrimage performed by the Prophet Abraham which was in the 20th century BC had eventually been mixed with polytheism and heresy elements before Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was sent to this world. In this regard, this article aims to reveal the ritual of the hajj in the ancient Arab society which is different from the current practice of Muslims nowadays. This article is a qualitative study using content analysis. The finding reveals that although Arab community remained to believe in Allah, but in view to the long gap between the two ages of Prophet Abraham and Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), they had mixed up the implementation of a true and wrong rituals in their pilgrimage. Keywords: Pilgrimage, Pagan Arabs, Kaaba, Mecca Introduction The term Jahiliyyah is derived from jahl which connotes a description of pre-Islamic Arab society who were ignorance of the God, the prophets, the way of life, and who were also arrogantly and imperiously proud of their lineage (Ibn Manzur n.d.). It was a dark age of the Arab history with the absence of divine light to guide their faith, and their lives were fully deviated and strayed from the religious method. -
Arabi Fino Alla Morte Di Maometto AUTORE: Guidi, Michelangelo TRADUTTORE: CURATORE: NOTE: CODICE ISBN E-BOOK: 9788828101833
Questo e-book è stato realizzato anche grazie al so- stegno di: E-text Web design, Editoria, Multimedia (pubblica il tuo libro, o crea il tuo sito con E-text!) http://www.e-text.it/ QUESTO E-BOOK: TITOLO: Storia e cultura degli arabi fino alla morte di Maometto AUTORE: Guidi, Michelangelo TRADUTTORE: CURATORE: NOTE: CODICE ISBN E-BOOK: 9788828101833 DIRITTI D'AUTORE: no LICENZA: questo testo è distribuito con la licenza specificata al seguente indirizzo Internet: http://www.liberliber.it/online/opere/libri/licenze/ COPERTINA: [elaborazione da] "The Scholars (1901)" di Ludwig Deutsch (1855 – 1935). - Collezione priva- ta. - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lud- wig_Deutsch_-_The_Scholars,_1901.jpg. - Pubblico Do- minio. TRATTO DA: Storia e cultura degli Arabi fino alla morte di Maometto / di Michelangelo Guidi. - Firenze : G. C. Sansoni, stampa 1951. - 230 p. : ill. ; 18 cm. 2 CODICE ISBN FONTE: n. d. 1a EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA DEL: 15 marzo 2017 INDICE DI AFFIDABILITA': 1 0: affidabilità bassa 1: affidabilità standard 2: affidabilità buona 3: affidabilità ottima SOGGETTO: REL037010 RELIGIONE / Islam / Storia DIGITALIZZAZIONE: Paolo Alberti, [email protected] REVISIONE: Catia Righi, [email protected] IMPAGINAZIONE: Paolo Alberti, [email protected] Ugo Santamaria (ePub) Marco Totolo (revisione ePub) PUBBLICAZIONE: Catia Righi, [email protected] 3 Liber Liber Se questo libro ti è piaciuto, aiutaci a realizzarne altri. Fai una donazione: http://www.liberliber.it/online/aiuta/. Scopri sul sito Internet di Liber Liber ciò che stiamo realizzando: migliaia di ebook gratuiti in edizione inte- grale, audiolibri, brani musicali con licenza libera, video e tanto altro: http://www.liberliber.it/. 4 Indice generale Liber Liber......................................................................4 Introduzione....................................................................8 Capitolo Primo. -
Who Were the Daughters of Allah?
WHO WERE THE DAUGHTERS OF ALLAH? By DONNA RANDSALU B.A., University of British Columbia,1982. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) We accept this thesis—as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 © Donna Kristin Randsalu, 1988 V In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of £gLlfr/OU^ £TUO>eS> The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date Per- n} DE-6(3/81) ABSTRACT Who were the Daughters of Allah, the three Arabian goddesses mentioned in the Qur'an and venerated by the pagan Arabs prior to the rise of Islam, and who since have vanished into obscurity? Can we reconstruct information about these goddesses by reference to earlier goddesses of the Near East? It is our intention to explore this possibility through an examination of their predecessors in view of the links between the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula. Moving back in time from the seventh century A.D. (Arabia) through the Hellenistic Period (Syro/Phoenicia 300 B.C.-A.D. -
The Rise of Islam.Pdf
The Rise of Islam Arabia • Bedouin tribes • Arabs, a nomadic people • Tribal society • Sheikh • Shepherds and caravan trade; carriers of goods between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea; • Polytheistic, spirits inhabit natural objects – mountains, trees, etc. • Sacred stone - Ka’aba – black meteorite; • Mecca – commercial town; Geography Trade Increases • 5th and 6th centuries – • Byzantine and Persian wars lead to new trade route; Mediterranean>Mecca>Yemen>Indian Ocean; • Strained relations between desert Bedouins and wealthy merchant class in towns; Muhammad (570-632) Born in Mecca, merchant family, orphaned at 6; caravan manager; marries rich widow, Khadija; merchant in Mecca; troubled by growing gap between Bedouin values and values of the affluent commercial elites; meditates in the hills; believes he encounters the angel Gabriel; experiences a revelation from Allah; Allah already revealed himself in past through people like Moses and Jesus, but Muhammad would receive the final and complete revelation; Muhammad • preaches to residents in Mecca • regarded as madman, charlatan or a threat to the social and political order; • Muhammad and followers persecuted; • 622 leaves Mecca and retreats to Yathrib – later Medina; Hegira – first date on Islamic calendar; • first Muslim community formed in Medina; • returns to Mecca with a military force – conquers Mecca • Converts townspeople; 630 -destruction of idols; Teachings • Islam – submission to the will of God; • Islam is monotheistic • There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet – final and complete revelation; • Allah – creator of the universe • goal is salvation and eternal life Quran • sacred book of Islam • 114 suras-chapters • ethical guidebook • code of law • political theory Fundamental Tenets • Need to obey the will of Allah • Basic ethical code consists of the 5 Pillars 1. -
Unit 5: the Post-Classical Period: the First Global Civilizations
Unit 5: The Post-Classical Period: The First Global Civilizations Name: ________________________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ IB/AP World History 9 Commack High School Please Note: You are responsible for all information in this packet, supplemental handouts provided in class as well as your homework, class webpage and class discussions. What do we know about Muhammad and early Muslims? How do we know what we know? How is our knowledge limited? Objective: Evaluate the primary sources that historians use to learn about early Muslims. Directions: Below, write down two things you know about Muhammad and how you know these things. What I know about Muhammad... How do I know this …. / Where did this information come from... Directions: Below, write down two things you know about Muslims and how you know these things. What I know about Muslims... How do I know this …. / Where did this information from from... ARAB EXPANSION AND THE ISLAMIC WORLD, A.D. 570-800 1. MAKING THE MAP 1. Locate and label: 4. Locate and label: a Mediterranean Sea a Arabian Peninsula b Atlantic Ocean b Egypt c Black Sea c Persia (Iran) d Arabian Sea d Anatolia e Caspian Sea e Afghanistan f Aral Sea f Baluchistan g Red Sea g Iraq h Persian Gulf. 2. Locate and label: h Syria a Indus River i Spain. b Danube River 5. Locate and label: c Tigris River a Crete b Sicily d Euphrates River c Cyprus e Nile River d Strait of Gibraltar f Loire River. e Bosphorus. 3. Locate and label: 6. Locate with a black dot and a Zagros Mountains label: b Atlas Mountains a Mecca c Pyrenees Mountains b Medina d Caucasus Mountains c Constantinople e Sahara Desert. -
No Slide Title
RemovingRemovingRemoving thethethe VeilVeilVeil PriorPrior LakeLake BaptistBaptist ChurchChurch FebruaryFebruary 20102010 Muslims . It’s Their Turn! SessionSession 11 IfIf AllahAllah bebe God,God, followfollow Him!Him! If Allah Be God? follow Him! SoSo AhabAhab sentsent toto allall thethe peoplepeople ofof IsraelIsrael andand gatheredgathered thethe prophetsprophets togethertogether atat MountMount CarmelCarmel. 1Kings 18:20 1Ki 18:21 AndAnd ElijahElijah camecame nearnear toto allall thethe peoplepeople andand said,said, "How"How longlong willwill youyou gogo limpinglimping betweenbetween twotwo differentdifferent opinions?opinions? IfIf thethe LORDLORD isis God,God, followfollow him;him; butbut ifif Baal,Baal, thenthen followfollow him."him." AndAnd thethe peoplepeople diddid notnot answeranswer himhim aa word.word. AA similarsimilar contestcontest isis beingbeing heldheld today:today: If The LORD is God, follow him, but if Allah, then follow him. Is Allah God? DoDo MuslimsMuslims andand ChristiansChristians worshipworship thethe samesame GodGod ?? IsIs AllahAllah TheThe GodGod ofof thethe Bible?Bible? MoonMoon GodGodOr GodGod ofof thethe BibleBible TheThe evidenceevidence revealsreveals ,, WhileWhile namename ofof thethe Moon-godMoon-god waswas Sin,Sin, hishis titletitle waswas al-al- ilah,ilah, i.e.i.e. ""thethe deity,deity,"" meaningmeaning thatthat hehe waswas thethe chiefchief oror highhigh godgod amongamong thethe gods.gods. ""TheThe god”god” al-ilahal-ilah waswas originallyoriginally thethe god,god, whichwhich waswas shortenedshortened -
LINGUISTIC MEANING “Be in This World As If You Were a Stranger Or A
“Be in this world as if you were a stranger or a traveler.” ~Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) The concept of being a stranger and how to interact with the stranger is a common theme in Islamic religious texts. The two primary sources of Islamic teachings are the Qur’an, the Holy Book of Islam, and the Hadith/Sunnah traditions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). To Muslims, the Qur’an is the literal Word of God, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) through Angel Gabriel, who recited the Qur’an to Muhammad (pbuh) in installments for over twenty-three years. The Hadith on the other hand, refers to the statements, actions, and approvals of the Prophet (pbuh) throughout his mission. They are traced back to the Prophet through a chain of narrators and recorded in canonical books. So, what does Islam say and how do Muslims view the stranger? LINGUISTIC MEANING The concept of being a stranger takes TEXT OF THE HADITH OF THE STRANGER various forms and shapes in the The text of focus for this program is the Prophetic statement teachings of Islam. Some key words narrated by Mujahid: that might help us understand the concept include: ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said, “Allah's Messenger (pbuh) took hold of my shoulder and said, ‘Be in this world as if you were Gharib – (Singular) strange, alien, a stranger or a traveler.” The sub-narrator added: Ibn ‘Umar foreign, unknown, unfamiliar used to say, “If you survive till the evening, do not expect to Ghurabaa’ – (Plural) strangers aliens, be alive in the morning, and if you survive till the morning, foreigners do not expect to be alive in the evening, and take from your Ghurbah – Strangeness health for your sickness, and (take) from your life for your death.” (Related by Al-Bukhari)1 These words connote being new or unknown in a place or setting. -
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Every Sufi order derives its roots from the spirituality of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). And considers him as the final link of the chain between ordinary human being and the Almighty Allah which goes down through the able spiritual deputies of the Prophet who carry the torch of divine light (Noor) in their heart that was ignited by Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). This link was established between the Creator and the creation on the Night of Ascension (Meraj) when Allah took His perfect creation Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) to the journey above the seven skies and gives him His Audience -- a status which was never given to any of His creation, even not to the angels at His service. The Sufi thoughts establish that the arrival of the Holy Prophet in this world was not an ordinary event rather it was the culmination of Allah's mercy upon the human being that He sends his Lover as "Sufficient for the Humanity and Mercy for the Worlds." Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) was born in Mecca on Monday, Rabi-al-Awwal 12, 53 B.H., or December 9, 571 A.D., 50 days after the attack of Abrah, the ruler of Yemen, with his army of elephants on Ka'aba (as described in Holy Qur'an in Surah Feel -- Chapter Elephant). He belonged to the clan of Hashim -- Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdul Muttalib Ibn Hashim. Banu Hashim was a noble branch of the prestigious and influential tribe of Quraish. His father had died before his birth. -
2015 – 2016 A. Fill in the Blanks Using the Correct Word from the Box. A
Oscar Academy Under The supervision Of Supreme Council 2015 – 2016 Name : _____________________________ Grade: 4 - ___ Social Revision worksheet A. Fill in the blanks using the correct word from the box. pilgrimage cardinal directions location communication clan caliph a. Communication the exchange of information between individuals. b. Location describes where something can be found. c. Cardinal directions are the four main directions. d. Clan is a group of people who are members of a particular family. e. Clan is a title taken by the Muslim rulers. f. Pilgrimage is a scared journey to Makkah and one of the five pillars of Islam. B. Choose the correct answer. a. _______________ is the people who move from one place to another. i. Messenger ii. Muezzin iii. Nomads iv. Tribe b. Ramadan in the ___________ month of the Hegira calendar. i. sixth ii. Eighth iii. Ninth iv. tenth c. ________________ is the first Caliph after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)’s death. i. Abu Bakr ii. Omar iii. Othman iv. Ali d. The year _____ AD is known as the Hegira year. i. 615 ii. 622 iii. 634 iv. 642 C. Write T for True and F for False a. Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) and his followers migrated to Yathrib. T b. Prophet (pbuh) was not able to unite the Muslims together. F c. The Ancient world consists of Asia, Africa and Europe. T d. Prophet (pbuh) had four sons. F e. Prophet (pbuh) married at the age of 40. F f. Population composition means dividing the population according to age. T g. The city of Makkah did not have any importance before Islam.