Dharmendra Bastola

INSIDE THIS ISSUE INTERVIEW 10 We are going to hold Third Centralized Programme

Ram Bahadur Th apa 'Badal'

OPINION14 4 COVER STORY Policies of Diplomacy Changing form of Struggle 23 SPEECH and Politics for New Form of Resistance Conspiracy 27 DOCUMENT Our Prime Concern Dharmendra Bastola 'Kanchan' Peace and Constitution PERSPECTIVE19 34 CULTURE People's Movement and its Preparation for Cultural Aspect Hira Mani Dukhi new Shake-up 36 VIEW The Origin and Concept of Maheshwar Dahal Human Rights Dr. K. B. Rokaya MEDIA 30 39 STRUGGLE Achievement of 3rd People's Nepali Media Movement Approaching Deependra Rokaya Waiting for Change 41 MEMOIR Govinda Acharya Being Arrested ! Manoj Gharti Magar

16-31 May, 2010 1 Patriotic-progressive front independence. Th ough there is still diff erence in should be made social and economic status, there are some com- During the period of general mass mon interests among the Nepalese people. We are strike, hundred thousands of the common living in the same country and we are suff ering people actively participated in continu- fr om the same common problems. Nepalese ous strike. By seeing the militant type of people can fi ght collectively against their common formation and chain of command, few enemies. For that, the fr ont of patriotic-progres- people assumed that they all were well sive should be made on time. trained warriors. However, they were Himal Rai common people except the volunteers Panchthar fr om Young Communist League (YCL). Th ey were in the formation because they had come in a new place and the busy ‘Emperor’s new clothes’ city where there they had to follow some Th e so called intellengentia and journalists certain norms and the values that is made of Nepal have distorted chairman Prachanda’s by the team for their security and for its view. He had fi red the salvo to the handful of struggle. reactionaries ,anti secular anti-federal, anti-re- Maoist is in the rehearsal of peaceful publican elements of kathmandu who are against struggle. Maoist has effi ciently fulfi lled the peace and constitution. Prachanda’s intention its task in the period of People's War and was not to hurt the 99% middle class of kath- even in the People's Movement. Th erefore, mandu, which he has already clarifi ed in may 12 it is in practice of peaceful struggle. interaction . Maoist should make a broader plan Th is puppet goverment has been naked as in to address all the oppressed, exploited, ‘Emperor’s new clothes’. In one hindu literature marginalized, regions, caste and the it is said - “ one will be conquerer everywhere if gender as well as the locals and the native he/she wins over the remaining last shame’. Not TO THE THE EDITOR TO people according to its vision and slogan only one shame has been remained for this govt. of federal republic of Nepal. Maoist It would be bett er if the patriotic forces within should think about the initiative it should UML shun their status quoist coterie and UML have taken in the mass movement as be merged within NC. accordance with the mandate and the Expannsionist India and USA always try to aspiration of the people proper to the fi sh in Nepal’s troubled water , instead of pouring changing situation of the country. oil into it. Th ey have no right to intervene in a So far as the question of united fr ont sovereign nation’s internal aff air.It is a matt er is concerned while talking about the of shame and irony for all of us that the key of struggle, the party is open and it can lead Nepal’s current crisis is in New Delhi’s hand. let’s the movement because it is not the period unite against such big brother att itude. of underground. However, the formation Prakash Baral of the united fr ont is necessary. It is the Kirtipur, Kathmandu struggle for nationality and the national

16-31 May, 2010 2 EDITORIAL Paper Tigers !

Nepalese people are in the streets. Th ey are expecting newness. Th at is social transformation; which is obviously expected according to the political change brought in Nepal. However, the expectations and aspirations of the people are being ridiculed by the comprador class that has been stored in the government by the foreigners. People were in belief that the war has been ended in some extent and the nation will advance ahead through peace process and constitution. Th e election of the Constitution Assembly was successfully held and legislative parliament, the Constitution Assembly, came into existence. Peace, constitution and progress became the prime tasks to be fulfi lled on time. But these days, the people have felt to be deceived and they have to fi ght again for the protection of the achievements they got through dedication, sacrifi ce and the incessant struggle for right and freedom. Even aft er the end of 240 year old monarchy, the comprador capitalists and their puppets have made alliance and formed government that works under the direction of foreign powers. Th e elected and victorious parties are made oppositions. Th e defeated are in the government. Th e steps of the peace process have been derailed. Th e stipulated date of draft ing a constitution is being end soon. But no constitution is going to be declared among the people on the May 28. Rather, the anti-people forces, comprador class and the foreign powers are going to abort the peace process and they are going to declare the presidential rule instead. Th e ethical norms and the question of morality have been worthless before them. No issue related to peace and constitution is in practice. Th e anti- people government is exercising what is against the people and the nation. People, the real history makers, are in the street. Th ey know that they have fought time and again against feudalist rulers and feudalism. And, now, they have to fi ght against for peace, democracy and independence. People have been victorious in each and every fi ght and their enemies are defeated one by one. Th is time too, people have to defeat comprador class and their representative puppet government. Th e people have to get victory over them and certainly they will. Th e rulers are mere paper tigers!

Advisors : Suresh Ale Magar, Maheshwar Dahal Editor : Kumar Shah Assistant Editor : Dipak Sapkota Photo : Dinesh Shrestha Fortnightly National Magazine Design : Aakriti Graphics, Dillibazar. Tel : 4424756 Office Address : Anamnagar, Kathmandu. Tel : 4771775 Vol-3, Issue-14 16-31 May, 2010 Email : [email protected], Published by : Krishna Sen Memorial Publication Pvt. Ltd. 16-31 May, 2010 3 COVER STORY CHANG FORM STRUG

16-31 May, 2010 4 While the general mass strike was in its peak, UCPN-Maoist has ended it and has announced to apply the diff erent form of struggle. It has aroused some curiosity and the dilemma among the masses and even in some of the classes of the society. Th e question ‘why changing form of struggle’ is needed? It has been the burning question raised aft er the end of 6-day general mass strike. Th e question is serious not only in its form it carries but also in its essence. Th at is what does the ‘changing form of the struggle’ mean? For the analysis of the question in search of its answer, we should have to go to the general mass strike and explore the reality. We have to ING read both the sides: the agitators and the government closely. Th at is to study the situation created during the period of the general strike. Th e prime concern of the general mass strike as declared by the UCPN-Maoist has been to form the national united government by dissolving the present government and to draft a new federal constitution on stipulated time. Th e people from every corner of the country arrived Kathmandu for central mass rally and the strike. Th e street struggle began from the May Day OF Resistance. And, indefi nite general mass strike was declared to be started the following day of May Day. Th e people took part actively and hopefully. Th e struggle created a harmonious environment among the people and the security forces; which were mobilized by the government. A popular slogan was chanted during the period of struggle that was ‘police-army, our brother! Support to the people!!’ Th ough they were standing side by side in an alert position, they were communicating with their heart. Th at GLE was the security of the nation and its people. For seven days from May Day demonstration, the people as the protestors and the police-army as the security personnel stood communicating with their emotional att ach- ment, the songs and the gestures they made for harmonious relationship. Th e Ministers of the

16-31 May, 2010 5 Plan for Political Outlet

Th e schedule for the integration of army was • Wounded and disables will go back home with made at that time when I was Prime Minister. Since package programmes. then, I am giving emphasis in fusing army. I am talk- • Th is process will help to fi x the number of PLA ing about the fusing of army very seriously technical for integrations. committ ee was formed in my period. However, the message are publicized and broadcasted in a bad • Th e tenure of UMMIN has been added. sense through the media. • We are ready to conclude the process of integra- When Girija Prasad was alive, we used to talk tion within 4 months. in a very informal way. Girija Prasad used to tell • We are ready to solve the problem of confi scated

me to integrate only 5-6 thousand PLA command- land by making a commission. ers and members. I used to say six-seven with him. • Th e barrack-system of YCL will be end. In my mind, I had thought that 5-7 thousands are • Form a commission about disappears and publi- integrated in army and others are integrated in police, industrial force. And, some others will go back cize their where about. home. Now, the complexity has been created in army Where Is the Real Fight? integration. Maoist is ready to bring the cantonment • Fight between status quo and forward-going. under special committ ee. • Between those who want federalism and those Th e plan for Solution: who do not want. • We are ready to go for integration. • Between those who are in favour of independent • We ready to make separation in PLA into two and those who are in favour of dependent. groups: those who want to go for integration and • Between those who accept secularism and who do those who do not want to go for integration or not. those who want to go back home. • Between who want to make people ruler and who • We can put those into two diff erent groups in the do not. cantonment separately.

16-31 May, 2010 6 government made unnatural decisions to create confronta- tion between the deployed security forces and the demonstrators. Th ey sent the vigilantes and the intruders to att ack both the sides: the demonstrators and the security forces to drag them into tussle. How- ever, they were captured and the short weapons they carried were seized and handed over to he deployed security forces presented there. Aft er ‘Katwal incident’, there was wide spread suspi- cion that the security force of Nepal is against the Maoist and the puppets, comprador and the anti-Maoist political forces one or two cine-activists were Th e cabinet meeting of exposed. Th e participators of can utilize them maximum to the government took an fulfi ll their interest. the ‘pace rally’ had knives and the short weapons in their bags Th e cabinet meeting of the intentional decision in a with them. Th ey were ordered government took an inten- to att ack over the people; who planned way to deploy tional decision in a planned were peacefully taking part in way to deploy even army for even army for the massacre the street struggle. the massacre of the demon- of the demonstrators in strators in the streets of the As the armed demonstra- capital city Kathmandu in a tors of ‘peace rally’ advanced the streets of the capital towards the people’s rally and broad day light. Th ey sent the city Kathmandu in a teams of well trained vigilantes the possibility of the tussle inside the masses to make the seemed near to come, the broad day light. Th ey sent police force charged tear cells people and the security forces the teams of well trained provoke. But the people, who both the sides and the ‘peace were demonstrating, and the rally’ armed vigilantes ran vigilantes inside the masses away in a dispersed way from security forces helped each- to make the people and other to capture and expose there. But the real fact was that them. Th e peak gathering of the armed ‘peace rally’ partici- the security forces provoke. pators were taught and ordered the retaliation was under the But the people, who were banner of ‘peace rally’ that that the police would help was held in Basantpur Durbar them and their duty at that demonstrating, and the time would be to cut the throat square, where the real organiz- security forces helped each- ers were hidden behind the of the people who were would rally and the fake faces in the have been injured by the tear other to capture and expose name of the traders and the cell and the bullets. Th is plot failed as the people and the po- them.

16-31 May, 2010 7 ‘The movement continues’

Kathmandu / Despite the suspension of the general strike, Maoist leadership has reiterated that the Th ird people’s movement continues. Maoist Standing committ ee meeting held on the late evening of May 7 had decided to suspend the general strike aft er smelling the conspiracy of the establishment and foreign elements trying to initiate civil war. Th e standing committ ee meeting held on 10 May at the central offi ce has decided to launch mass demonstration and assembly throughout the nation. As per the declared programs, there will be huge demonstrations in major cities of Nepal including capital city Kathmandu on May 25. Prior to that, Maoist will hold party level political schooling in the regional and district level along with the mass mobilization between Aft er suspending the strike, the Maoist standing committ ee had May 15 to 24. Th e party rank and decided to form a fr ont of the parties who stand in favor of Federal fi le had been busy in the internal Republic constitution, national sovereignty and secularism. preparation for these programs. Likewise, the Maoist has evaluated one week–long general political Aft er the suspension of the strike. It has said that the strike had been overwhelmingly successful, general strike, Maoist has intensi- peaceful and disciplined. Th e party has condemned the att acks made fi ed talks with other political par- by the sister organizations of ruling parties, Hindu extremist and police ties to forge an alliance against administrations. Th e Maoist leaders have vowed to continue the move- the ruling parties. Nine other par- ment until the national united government formed under the leadership ties have agreed with the Maoist of Maoist to ensure peace and constitution, to ask PM Nepal to immediately Th e standing committ ee also turned down a request made by Prime resign to clear the way to form Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal to immediately come for dialogue to a national united government. end the political deadlock. Th e meeting thought that it was not even Leaders of the civil society, pro- necessary to reply the lett er. UCPN (Maoist) has termed this govern- fessional and dignifi ed personnel ment as the puppet government and has not recognized yet. Th e prime have also stand in the same row minister had on Sunday sent a lett er to the Maoist Party requesting it asking pm Nepal to step down. to come for talks.

16-31 May, 2010 8 lice knew about the conspiracy Th is incident has shown that of the ‘government’ of handful comprador and the puppets the fi ght between police-army under the grand-design of the and Maoist has been ended foreign power. in some extent. And, there is Th is incident has shown need of a new unity into a new that the fi ght between police- army and Maoist has been height between the patriotic ended in some extent. And, forces. Th e police-army has there is need of a new unity into a new height between the no option than to accept patriotic forces. Th e police- Maoist as the main patriotic army has no option than to political force of the country accept Maoist as the main patriotic political force of the and UCPN-Maoist has no country and UCPN-Maoist misconception about the has no misconception about military force of Nepal. Th is the military force of Nepal. Th is will be the meeting point will be the meeting point for for a strong foundation for the a strong foundation for the nation building. nation building. Th is incident, in reality, helped to make the relation among the nationalist and the has to take serious consideration about the every day life of the republican forces stronger and people and, at the same time, it has to be worried about the being closer. As the grand design deteriorating situation of the country. exposed before its successful Th erefore, the cause of the postponement of the general implementation, the master mass strike in the peak hour of the struggle is seen disclosed. designers extremely terrifi ed Th is has been open secret. However, it has been day today and they cried for help with reality for the patriotic people and the forces in our country European Union and the other Nepal. Th e new forms of struggle and the protest have to be nations. Th e diplomatic talk developed because we can not fi nd the ready made formulae with EU was already in conti- that were writt en by Marx, Lenin and Mao. Th e society has been nuity by the Maoist. Probably changed a lot due to the unimagined development in science the barbarous massacre aft er and technology. Th e vision on revolution and the guiding prin- Chile and Indonesia has been stopped in a dramatic way. ciples have to be developed more to address the developed new Th is has made a psychological situation. and undeclared united front Th ese all things are closely related with the revolution of among the revolutionary, pro- Nepal in the present context even though the above mentioned gressive, left ist and the nation- unanswered questions are seemed to be related only with the alist forces in the country. One world communist revolution. Th is complexity has made Nepal- the one hand, Maoist is in the ese Maoist to think about the new and new ways and the forms street and at the same time, of struggle to guarantee not only the future of the Nepalese it has to bear its patronage of revolution, but also the future of world revolution. the country and its people. It

16-31 May, 2010 9 INTERVIEW How have you evaluated 6-day general mass strike aft er its postponement? Th e indefi nite general strike was held as the second programme of our climax struggle. We have evaluated the second programme of the struggle in our standing committ ee meeting. Th e strike has achieved its grand success. Our conclusion is that this struggle has laid a strong foundation for further struggle. We have self-explora- tion about the indefi nite general strike. It was not an objective plan to declare it in this form. However, the struggle gave a big blow to the anti-people and the reactionary forces. Your party has declared to introduce a We are Centr

16-31 May, 2010 10 new form of struggle. How will be the new forms of struggle to be carried in near the political talk with the other future? political parties and there will It is necessary to introduce a new form of struggle. We have be no talk with this puppet declared third programme of the centralized struggle. From the government. Th e talk with the point of view of the programme, we have divided it into three sub- political forces will be focused phases. First, we will accomplish the evaluation of the strike till on to fi nd the solution of the 16th of May. And, then, we will consolidate our organization for political crisis. Th e process in our preparation. We will synthesize the experiences politically. We the continuity and we will pay have called it internal preparation. our enough att ention to it in coming days. Aft er it, from 14 May to 24 May, we are taking political classes among the cadres and the people with these synthesized experi- How will you deal with them because ences. Th e people, who have been mobilized in the general mass they have put forwarded the terms strike, they have their own experiences and we have to take some and the condition before you like the synthesized experiences from them and mobilize them and give dissolution of YCL, reduce maximum class to them. And, around 25 May, we have thought to make third number of PLA and give the confi s- highest centralization. Th us, we have divided our third programme cated land back etc? into three-sub phases. Some, who have put for- How will you deal with the political parties and the government in this process warded the terms and the con- of struggle? ditions before us, are in critical conditions and the crisis within In this period, we will put open the door of diplomatic and going to hold Third alized Programme Ram Bahadur Th apa 'Badal' It is necessary to introduce a new form of struggle. We have declared third programme of the centralized struggle. From the point of view of the programme, we have divided it into three sub- phases. First, we will accomplish the evaluation of the strike till 16th of May. And, then, we will consolidate our organization for our preparation. We will synthesize the experiences politically. We have called it internal preparation.

16-31 May, 2010 11 them is deepening day can solve the problem by day. To be safe from in an objective way. If this internal crisis, they the problem will not be seem to be off ensive in solved in that way, the form, but they are de- situation will be shaped fensive in essence. Th e in the form of a massive terms and the conditions people’s movement. At show this clearly. Th ey that time, either the re- are putt ing the terms gressive forces will take and the conditions as initiative for counter- the Maoist is in power revolution and try to and they are in opposi- solve the problem or the tion. Th is expresses their people will come down crisis. Th erefore, it is not to the streets and take a surprise and unnatural initiative to solve the rather, it is natural and political crisis through necessary. Th is has ex- a decisive mass move- posed them in nudity. Our movement has been centered only ment and advance the A few analysts have said against the puppet government. Puppet process of writing a new that Maoist cold not isolate constitution ahead. the government fr om other means the puppet of the expansionism. Fight between UCN-Mao- political forces. Th erefore, it Th e struggle will be against the external ist has already been ended was forced to postpone its intervention. Th erefore, the slogan of and the monarchy has been programmes of struggle. Is it abolished. Th erefore, to fi ght correct? national independency has connected with police and armies again We are focusing our with the dissolution of the puppet in the streets will be counter- programmes against the productive to the UCPN- puppet government. We government and its end. Maoist. Is it true? welcome these sugges- the blow became decentralized. We have cor- We consider that tions and we have done rected it and we will focus our spear towards the Nepalese people, our self-evaluation that the reactionaries and the puppets. We will police and the security the general strike, as a bring changes in the forms of struggle accord- forces supported the form of the struggle, ing to the changed situation. party in the abolition was incorrect at that of monarchy. And, we time because we should Maoist party is struggling for peace and constitution. If hope that Nepal Army have reduced the circle the constitution is not writt en on stipulated time, what will and security mechanism to isolate the puppet happen in the country? will play a positive role government from the A constitutional crisis will emerge there, if for peace and writing people. Th e general the constitution is not made on stipulated time. constitution. Th e move- strike in itself was not And, the solution of that constitutional crisis ment which is running incorrect. However, it should be searched in politics. Th e puppet gov- under the leadership made the circle of the ernment should be dissolved and only the na- of UCPN-Maoist is for puppet government tional united government will be able to solve peace, constitution, na- wide, than to reduce it. the crisis. It will lead the process of peace and tional independence Th erefore, the focus on the constitution to its logical end. Th is is why, we and for the civilian su-

16-31 May, 2010 12 premacy. We, therefore, consid- political issues and there are protection of the ideology, not er that there will be cooperation some diff erences also. We have for its development. Our contra- between Nepal Army, security understood Marxism as the dictions, probably, lie on these mechanism and Maoist in the synthesis of the past experi- debates. We are in war. But any movement. ences. We understand the poli- ideas that are proved wrong in If so, the form of the struggle will be to cies of Marxism in the supreme its implementation, we should lead the movement towards national form of the knowledge that has improve them. Th e process of liberation movement? gained by the human race in its improving is possible only in long history. On the other, we the process of its implementa- Our movement has been understand Marxism as a live tion. If not, we can not improve centered only against the pup- synthesis and conclusion of the our wrong ideas. We will remain pet government. Puppet means the puppet of the expansionism. live inner and class struggle. It is idealist. Th e struggle will be against the necessary to understand Marx- Along with the ideologi- external intervention. Th ere- ism into two ways: one is that cal debate with our comrades fore, the slogan of national inde- it is the synthesis of the past and friends, we want to imple- pendency has connected with experiences collected as a book- ment the class struggle in our the dissolution of the puppet ish ideology earned by our fore- practice. We want to check government and its end. Si- fathers and on the other hand, those ideas in the fi eld of class multaneously, it is centralized the present alive synthesis of struggle. We can protect and towards the unequal treaties the class struggle in the present, develop ideas only through the and the encroachments along a live principle. Th erefore, we dialectical process. with against the reactionary ac- should understand the ideol- tivities. We want to establish the ogy as the fusion of the bookish How would you like to address the supremacy of the people and we knowledge and the live expe- revolutionary parties, organizations want to give completion to the riences. RCP is far away from and the independent institutions of the democracy and republic. For the the class struggle of Nepal. Th e world in the context of proclaiming sake of democracy and national- Nepalese class struggle is in a the third climax struggle against the ity, the dissolution of the pup- certain phase and the struggle puppet government and for peace and pet government and the end of constitution? the puppets has been necessary. of Nepal can not be understood Nepalese revolution is an Th ese are inseparable and it has through the eyes of universal inseparable form of the world been necessary to understand principle synthesized in a book- revolution. Th e revolutionary this in this way. Nationality has ish knowledge. It is necessary parties, organizations and the played a main role and the de- to understand our ideology in a institutions should take it as mocracy has been its secondary. specifi c form too. We are devel- the form of their own move- oping our sovereign and univer- Th e international communities have ment and the body of the world sal ideology in the specifi cities their own criticism about the class revolution. Th ey should under- of Nepal. In this sense, it is spe- struggle of Nepal. And, RCP America stood it and support it because cifi c too. erefore,Th the debate has commented that Maoists are revo- in the success of the Nepalese between RCP America and us lutionary in their struggle; however, revolution, their success is in- should be in the present context they are not clear about question of the terrelated with it. Th erefore, we by stepping on the strong foun- sate power. How the Maoist party has hope that the movement that is dation of the past. We want to going on in Nepal is their own. analyzed this criticism? develop the principle scientifi - Th ey make solidarity to it as We have some important cally. However, RCP wants to they were doing before. Th ey debates with RCP America re- remain in those already found will play a historic role in the lated to the ideological and the principles in the name of the going on movement of Nepal.

16-31 May, 2010 13 OPINION Dharmendra Bastola 'Kanchan'

Policies of Diplomacyand Politics for Conspiracy

Whoever has made a deeply watch- tatorship and to the interest of ing the political developments in Nepal the feudal autocracy. in last few months must have sensed well Th ere would be a question that the UML and the Congress robust- whether the policy of diplo- ly tried to persuade diplomats to push macy of the Nepalese autocrats the UNMIN out of job. Th e outcome of is to persuade the diplomats this move must have expected nothing to fulfi l their class interest or Th is comes to be but to avert entire peace process. Th at the diplomats do this to per- much sharper would do not only push the UNMIN suade Nepalese autocrats! Th is away form the monitoring the peace comes to be much sharper with with the southern process but also would create environ- the southern neighbour than neighbour than any ment to use force against the masses of any other. If we see the his- people who want a new constitution tory, this policy of diplomacy other. If we see the that could address present political chal- of the Nepali feudal autocrats history, this policy lenges and fi t for federal people’s demo- with the south neighbour, the cratic republic of Nepal. Needless to say Indian government, has been of diplomacy of that these are major government parties, turning out to a shameful poli- who by all means would like to steak the Nepali feudal tics of conspiracy. Th is is quite on government chairs no matt er if the true to this event, as the strug- autocrats with the peace process goes to the logical conclu- gle between the Maoist and the sion or averts on its way. And these are south neighbour, parliamentary parties is going the parties that represent feudal autocrat on, that the Maoist is trying the Indian and comprador bureaucrat capitalist el- hard to take the peace process ement in this semi-feudal semi-colonial government, has to logical conclusion and par- country, who by all means wanted use liamentary parties are making been turning out to this diplomacy under which a notorious hard eff orts to derail it. Th us conspiracy was to be hatched. Th ese ele- the desire of the parliamentary a shameful politics ments were in a bid to protect old and parties comes to push the UN- of conspiracy. obsolete political powers in favour to MIN away. Th e basic reason the status quo, to the bourgeoisie dic- they wanted to push UNMIN

16-31 May, 2010 14 out of Nepal was because this As long as the UNMIN to the Comprehensive Peace institution has become obsta- Agreement, CPA, the People’s cle to the Indian ruling class, is not returned back fr om Liberation Army and the Nepal and as because it is obstacle to the job, both of the armies army are stationed into canton- the Indian ruling class, it is also will remain under their ment and the barracks respec- logically and automatically ob- tively. As long as the UNMIN stacle to its Nepalese stooges observation. And, according is not returned back from the the UML and the Congress to the CPA, the UNMIN job, both of the armies will re- Parties, in order to impose on- main under their observation. going Indian hegemony over will return back having And, according to the CPA, this sovereign country. accomplished mission of the UNMIN will return back Th at conspiracy was very building new national army having accomplished mission clear. Th is government that of building new national army stands on unconstitutional through the integration of the through the integration of the move of the President, that PLA and the Nepal Army. PLA and the Nepal Army. Th at stands on political coup d' etat will be done under the frame- of the Nepalese feudal auto- ministers of the stooge gov- work of the new constitution. crats against the elected government were threatening the But the parliamentary parties ernment, wanted to mobilise masses having said that should especially the UML and the army against the peaceful in- the demonstration turned out Congress wanted the UNMIN defi nite general strike. Perhaps, violent army would be mobil- driven out of the peace process, this was the best time for them ised. And this was not merely so that the peace process is to commit this blunder. For in the words but they wanted averted by all means, and Nepal them, the masses of one mil- to materialise in deed. UNMIN army could be freed of the CPA lion in Kathmandu city alone has been obstacle for this mis- compulsion. Th e ministers of were just chanting slogan. Th e sion. It is because, according this stooge government have

16-31 May, 2010 15 But the parliamentary time and again mentioned that the CPA has their returning back to country got outdated and have time and again de- are very interesting: either the parties especially manded that it must be nullifi ed. Congress must stand violently the UML and the Th e crux of matt er is: the Indian rul- against Maoist or Hindu fun- Congress wanted the ing class is very sensitive with the liberty damentalist will be brought to UNMIN driven out of Nepalese people. Our glorious party the fi ght them. This position is as Unifi ed Communist Party of Nepal (Mao- shameful as Madhab Nepal’s of the peace process, ist) has made it clear while in the struggle comments he made while he so that the peace as well as while in the government that we returned back from the SARC process is averted by would never kneel down and would never Summit and put his fi rst remark compromise on fundamental interest of the that India has backing for his all means, and Nepal Nepalese people. Th is was enough to covey government and Indian Prime army could be fr eed of an entire policy of our party and the per- Minister wants him continue the CPA compulsion. spective government. Th us India has diffi - on chair. Despite the original culty to digest this position of our party and understanding that the SARC Th e ministers of this the future sovereign country. is a diplomatic platform of the stooge government Th e policy of diplomacy of the Nepalese South Asian Countries to ex- have time and again ruling class essentially turns out politics of change problems and shooting troubles of the nations, the mentioned that the conspiracy against the future of the country. Some of the Nepali Congress prominent fi g- SARC summit for Madhab Ne- CPA has got outdated ures have recently visited India. No matt er pal stands nothing like that but and have time and what kind of visit it is, whether this is health a fi lthy brothel where the con- again demanded that checking or family meeting, it is necessar- spiracy could be sexed up. Since the riding of reform- it must be nullifi ed. ily linked to the policy of diplomacy. Alike in the past practice, comments made upon ist and reactionaries in power,

16-31 May, 2010 16 writing of new constitution, ry politics of conspiracy comes ernment to remain committ ed taking the peace process to the to get exposed in every agenda. what it had announced. But, logical conclusion totally halt- In the eve of indefi nite strike, this stooge government on the ed. In this context instead of the stooge government openly backing of the India began to reigning from the post, throw- announced that it would resign convince other diplomats that ing away even all the parliamen- and clear the way for forging in order to have government tary norms and values, the gov- new government provided the on the Maoist leadership, there ernment had come out with the indefi nite strike is stopped. should few more demands that statement that it was thankful to Even on the sixth day of general should be fulfi lled. Finally, alike the protester as being peaceful. strike, this stooge government Indian diplomats, another one It was a sheer mockery against did not show up with mere re- also queued up in parroting the the post and the protest. While sponsibility in addressing the same demands that were advo- the vigilantes were brought to problem. Finally, having shown cated by the government or the the forefront and blood began responsibility, our Party took members of the government. to spill down the government decision to postpone general It is true that the interna- says, “Th anks for the peaceful strike. Th e next day, this govern- tional community likes to see movement”. Again this mock- ment began to put forward fur- peace, progress and stability ery is in one hand a diplomacy ther demands as usual that the fl ourished in this country. It and in the other a politics of house and properties should be is also true that as per its class conspiracy to defuse the move- returned back, the YCL should character, the community ment as well as to sideline the be disband and the party should would like the nation remain major agendas. come to be a civilian party. Th e peace without any disturbances How the policy of diplo- international community that in the superstructure. But it is macy works and persuades the has been watching over the fact that as the feudal autocrats diplomats for the parliamenta- situation asked the stooge gov- and the comprador bureaucrat

16-31 May, 2010 17 capitalist class hide itself in a peaceful corner like a bug and comes stability in this country. Th at out to shock blood of the nation when there is dark, the nation must should be welcomed. But it stand and pour hot water in those dark corners and these bugs be is equally true that the kind destroyed. Th ese Nepalese feudal and the comprador bureaucrats of peace the Nepalese people did nothing in the past decades but shocking blood of the nation in want as well as the kind of the peaceful dark. Under the shadow of political turmoil, these ele- progress the nation is to de- ments purchased guns both for commission and killing the masses, velop this is not possible under corruption mounted in such a way that the identity of the Nepalese these tested fl unkeys and tested government and its bureaucracy defamed worldwide as a corrupt- corrupted leaders of the parlia- ed government, furthermore, pieces of nation had been sold bit by mentarian parties. To develop a

Our Party took decision to bit either that is Mahakali or civilised Nepalese society, the postpone general strike. Th e Koshi and Gandaki. Let alone stooge government must quit next day, this government in the peaceful dark days, even post immediately, the national coalition government must be began to put forward further in the glowing days of struggle where the political conscious- forged under the leadership of demands as usual that the ness of the masses is at the pick, the Maoist party, the people’s house and properties should the policy of diplomacy of the constitution should be writt en, be returned back, the YCL stooge government sold out the army integration must be Pancheshowr overnight having accomplished and new nation- should be disband and the shined in Pokhara city. In this al army should be developed. party should come to be a condition the nation can never While the Congress and the civilian party. Th e international remain silent and peacefully UML are using their policy of diplomacy to avert all these his- community that has been laid down, laying the stooges and the blood shockers shock- torical mission, the diplomats watching over the situation ing whenever they want. and the international community will defi nitely remain alert asked the stooge government to It is good for the Nepalese of being infected of these per- people that the international remain committ ed what it had nicious mission of the stooge community want peace and announced. government.

16-31 May, 2010 18 PERSPECTIVE Maheshwar Dahal Preparation for new Shake-up

Nripesh Shreshtha (26), of Asan in Kath- executive body and some of the mandu had a big hope that the people’s move- standing committ ee members ment at this time would be success. He active- were there in the main team. ly participated visiting sometimes Bhotahity, Th e movement of this time be- sometimes Sundhara and sometimes Keshar came very successful and well Mahal during the movement. He wanted to maintained in spite of the scar- enrich the experience by assimilating himself cities. Th ey must make with the demonstrators in surroundings by Maoist objective was to evaluation and interacting and demonstrating. search for the guarantee of self criticism During People’s movement, 18 centers peace, new constitution and fr om twelve point were made declared for the maintenance of national united government. understanding the valley centralized People’s Movement ter- Th e question of national inde- ritorially. Along with it, the work was divid- pendence was in priority. Th e till now. Th e ed according to the centers for information, non-communist forces; which process of building communication and fi rst aid treatment. A fi ve were very much suff ered from constitution should member committ ee was formed under the the bullying of Indian Expan- be guarranted by leadership of party General Secretary Ram sionism, were att racted towards forming a national Bahadur Th apa “Badal” for the mobilization the slogans of the people’s united government of valley people’s movement. Th e members movement. under UCPN of the committ ee were Netra Bikram Chanda Th e wish of the demonstra- “Biplab”, Barsaman Pun “Ananta”, political tors, like Nripesh Shreshtha, (Maoist), making Bureau member Agni Prasad Sapkota “Kan- would not be addressed a new unity into chan” and Hitman Sakya “Suman”. through the peaceful move- a new height. Maoist party political members and the ment. It would need the role of Otherwise, there central committ ee members were leading the using force against it because is no meaning to people’s movement in some centers and they anti-people forces do not hear prolong tenure of were taking initiative directly on the fi eld. A the peaceful voice. constituent assembly 13 member principal committ ee was formed Th e mass gathering on May under the leadership of Chairman of the under satus quo Day was historic and unprece- party com. Prachanda for the mobilization of dented. Th e 6-day long general leadership. people’s movement all over the country. Party strike, with a big participation,

16-31 May, 2010 19 peaceful and grandeur, was a Prime Minister Madhav Ku- over the demonstrators in the new experience for Kathman- mar Nepal for resignation to capital city Kathmandu, tourist duites. Demonstrators made open the way to agreement. city Pokhara and in the other the city clean by cleaning the Th ousands of the cadres, sup- big cities of the country. Th ey garbage. In course of the move- ports and the voters of UML brought some traders and some ment, the demonstrators made and other parties rebelled and intellectual on the street against chain blocks on both the sides entered into Maoist party dur- the people. Th e demands of the of the 27.8 km. long ring road ing the period. Th e psychology demonstrators were not heard. in Kathmandu. Th is was a new of the security forces seemed Due to indefi nite general strike, style of demonstration. It was to be divided. Th ey were clear the condition of the labouring an ocean of the people that was about Maoists, Indian Ruling people became worse. Th ere- fl owing as water fall, stream and class and the supporters of the fore, Maoist postponed its pro- river in Kathmandu valley. palace. gramme of struggle for accu- Self confi dence was boost- Th e anti-people forces be- mulation of power for the shift ing up day by day. Th e anti- came very terrifi ed because of struggle in a new form. people forces were going to be of the probability of forming Th e postponement of gen- split. Th e senior vice-chairman political and military front. eral strike created despair to and some of the senior leaders Th is is why; they made a plan the demonstrators like Nripesh of ruling party UML requested for retaliation. Th ey att acked Shreshtha, who were full of

16-31 May, 2010 20 dedication, sacrifi ce and op- people were fi ghting for the re- Simultaneously, the issue of timism. Th ey had taken it as a public of the people and they national independence would last shake-up programme. Th ey wanted to develop the move- have been more stressed. were saying,” Th ese leaders can ment in that level. However, Th e stipulated date of proc- do nothing. Th ey meet Ameri- the leadership had a purpose lamation of the constitution can and Indian Ambassadors only to dissolve the govern- is May 28. If the tenure is not early in the morning and post- ment. Th ough the objective of added, the constituent assem- pone the struggle due to the the movement was to form the bly; where there is a strong pressure of tip-tops of the cit- government, the anti-people presence of Maoist, is going to ies.” In their understanding, the forces made their preparation be expired. Th e period of con- movement can not go ahead in as the Maoist was going to dis- stituent assembly for two years this way. Most of the cadres and solve he state power. Maoist has is going to be fi nished within demonstrators, whom he had moved in a curved way as there two weeks and, simultaneously, met, found despair. was no preparation to cross it. If the constitutional crisis is go- Of course, some diff er- the party had materialized the ing to be emerged. Aft er it, the ences had appeared in between issues of principal contradic- struggle between the two an- the leaders and the cadres in tion and the formation of unit- tagonistic classes is going to en- terms of understanding the ed front, the movement would ter into an intensive form due movement. Th e cadres and the have advanced ahead relatively. to their antagonistic interest.

16-31 May, 2010 21 However, if the tenure is added be guarranted by forming a national united government under the probability of a new strug- UCPN (Maoist), making a new unity into a new height. Other- gle is going to be pushed a litt le wise, there is no meaning to prolong tenure of constituent assem- bit far and peaceful struggle bly under satus quo leadership. is taking its place. Th ey must Th e situation is very complex. Class confl ict has been scat- make evaluation and self criti- tered. Revolutionaries and the counter revolutionaries are side by cism from twelve point under- side in the surface. Blood suckers are waiting for the proper time standing till now. Th e process to push the nation into butchering house. Th ey are trying to kill of building constitution should the energetic dreams. Th ey are guided and directed by the foreign

Th ough the objective of the forces. Th erefore, they are defeated and people on the other have movement was to form the been victorious. Th e plans and conspiracies of the anti-people forces will be aborted like in the past. government, the anti-people forces No doubt that the second phase struggle of the third people’s made their preparation as the movement has taught lessons to us. It has made a reliable ground Maoist was going to dissolve he for the political and military front along with united front. It has state power. Maoist has moved opened the way for the struggle run against comprador, bureaucrat and capitalist class. Th ere should not be delay to form the united in a curved way as there was front among patriots, republicans and left ist forces. If the struggle no preparation to cross it. If the is not changed, according to the changing situation, the achieve- party had materialized the issues ment will be lost by accepting capitulationism. A broader united front should be made under the leadership of UCPN-Maoist. Th e of principal contradiction and liberation of the nation and the people is possible only aft er the the formation of united fr ont, the creation of clear plan and programme. Only aft er that, the rebel- movement would have advanced lious and courageous journey makers, with the hope of changing ahead relatively. Simultaneously, beautiful dreams into reality, have always become successful to reach the peak of success. the issue of national independence [email protected] would have been more stressed.

16-31 May, 2010 22 SPEECH

We have set a new record in the history of Nepal since May Day resistance. We set new record in the sense that the mass strike has comprehen- New Form of sive, disciplined and peaceful. Th e general mass strike continued for 6 days. It was unprecedented and it really was diff erent from all the strikes that were held before. No tires were Resistance burnt, no environment was polluted. In this sense, it was unprecedented. No railings were break down and hundred of the thousands of people peacefully took part in the general strike sitt ing in the open street in a diff erent style. Th e general mass strike got support from the people all over the country. Our objective is to carry the peace process into logical end according to the necessity of the people and their ambition. Th e objective was to write a new constitution through the Constituent Assembly. Peace and constitution is our prime objective. Certainly, we have completed our political general mass strike under the slogan of peace and constitution with historical mass participation. We want that the historical mass rally and mass strike would bring a political out let for the advancement of the country. However, misfortune! I came to hear that the ministers of the present government have said it is ok for them if this peaceful mass strike prolongs for 365 days. What can be more irresponsible and deception to the people than that. We communists know the policy of tit for tat. We conduct mass strike when they do not want it to be run and we postpone the struggle or

16-31 May, 2010 23 mass strike when they want it Maoist has not gone back spiracy of the reactionary fail- to be continued. Th erefore, we and it has not kneeled down. ure. We have postponed the postponed general mass strike. general mass strike to up lift Maoist is going ahead with We have paid our att ention the struggle into a new form. over two main things. Th e fi rst it own independent ideology, We would like to centralize the is the sentiment and aspiration strategy, tactics and right other forms of struggle. We of the people. It is our respon- of self-determination. Th is should not misunderstand that sibility that we should address has made the epoch making changing the form of struggle the sentiment of the people as a change possible in Nepal. We does not mean that the struggle responsible party even though have our own tradition that of mass strike has been left . In the government does not have course of changing the form any concern to the people. We we are advancing with our of struggle by postponing the have come untiely the com- own independent decisions general mass strike, once again plenities and the impasses from that are taken on the correct in the process of preparation of the past. And, at this time, we analysis of the objective movement, we would like to have paid our att ention much situation. say that this 6 day general mass

towards the request and the the nation and the people, we strike will be rehearsal for the urges from the diff erent walks should be responsible to the another struggle if the peace of life. Th e other is there were people as a party that is dedi- and constitution will not be some complexities created due cated to people and the nation made on time by forming the to the general strike and the re- at that time. We took that re- national united government. actionaries tried to utilize these sponsibility and we have taken Aft er that the real struggle will created problems by bringing the responsibility from its new begin and there will be the mass against the political mass height by changing the form of real form of rehearsal before strike. Th ey made plots to use struggle. However, we haven’t 28 May. I would like to con- people against people; there- abandoned the front of strug- vince all the comrades and fore, we realized to change the gle. We have only changed the the respected people that only form of struggle. form of struggle. Th e form of the form of struggle has been As the government and the mass strike has been changed. postponed but the struggle has parties that are in the govern- Th e other new form has been not been with drain. Th is post- ment can not be responsible to applied which makes the con- ponement has given an envi-

16-31 May, 2010 24 ronment for the preparation of been understood; but the reactionaries and We know well that another struggle by providing the anti-people forces were hatching conspira- relief to the people. If the gov- cies against the movement of the people. Th e who invited tussle ernment does not want to cre- situation was very critical and reactive. Th ere- ate the favourable environment fore, we requested to postpone the rally. It was and encounter, for peace and constitution ac- favourable situation for the anti-people forces, who fi red bullet cording to the aspiration of the though the intension of the intellectuals and people even aft er the struggle, the artists were good. against the mass. we will be forced to launch an- I saw the rally in TV. Th e rally was so called other type of struggle or rebel. peace rally. Th e participators were chanting Th e hundreds of the Maoist has not gone back the slogans like ‘Maoist terrorist -Down with! thousands of people and it has not kneeled down. ‘Hang- Prachanda!’ Was that peace rally? Does Maoist is going ahead with it the peace come when Prachanda is hanged? did not create the own independent ideology, Does peace come aft er telling Maoist terror- strategy, tactics and right of ist? Th e language used there is the language; environment of self-determination. Th is has which was used in the past at the time of the made the epoch making change state of emergency. How the vigilantes could encounter. Th e possible in Nepal. We have our chant those slogans entering in the peace goons who were own tradition that we are ad- rally? Th erefore, it is only the conspiracy to vancing with our own indepen- abort the ongoing peace process by bullying brought up by dent decisions that are taken and purchasing vigilantes. on the correct analysis of the Th en, where is the present fi ght now? eTh the government objective situation. At this time present fi ght is in between those who want to showed their ill also, we have changed our form institutionalize the process of change for ad- of struggle by evaluating the vancement and those who do not. In Nepal, behaviour against total objective situation. Th e federalism has been necessary to all the peo- third People’s movement has ple from Himalaya to the Terai region. Federal the people. Th ey been started. It will not stop System is necessary in Nepal. However, the until and unless it achieves its leaders and the parties which are in the gov- made retaliation in goal. Th e general mass strike ernment, they do not want federal Nepal at all. the name of local has not been postponed due Th erefore, the struggle is in between the two to the peace rally. If someone opposite forces that want to go in federalism people. Th ey were claims so, it is false and we are and that do not want. All the parties that are not postponing struggle under involved in the government are not in favour armed with knives the pressure of anyone. of secularism; rather they are in search of occa- A peace rally was organized sion to impose the religious extremity instead. and short weapons. and some intellectuals took In short, the fi ght has been in the question of Th e media made part and lead the rally. Th e rally federalism, secularism, peace and constitution was held by those who are wor- because they all are developed along with the propaganda that ried about the peace and the epoch making change that has been possible constitution and those, who only through the war and movements. Th ese the Maoists were have many unanswered ques- all came into the existence due to the dedica- retaliated by the tions in their mind. Th ere is no tion and sacrifi ce of the oppressed, exploited doubt. However, at that time, and the marginalized people. Th ese agendas local people. It was we had made the rally holders were not preferred by those people who have conscious that their worry has accumulated millions of wealth, tip top and total false.

16-31 May, 2010 25 elite. Th e fi ght has been cen- and the elite class intellectuals strike will be only trailer and tered coming here. dishonoured them while they the real fi lm will begin from that Aft er ‘peace rally’, the me- came here in Kathmandu for its point. If the tip top intellectuals dia have continuously showing protection. Does this tendency can not understand the grand and publicizing it unnecessar- can maintain peace? Can those and excellent demonstration of ily. Th ey made me remind the people be intellectual in reality, the conscious people, they will past. In 19-day People’s Move- who dishonour the conscious have to polarize themselves ment, we were in war. We had people gathered in the streets in the opposite poles whether brought hundred thousands for the maintenance of peace, they are in favour of peace or of the ragged people in valley institutionalization of federal- of war. You will be besieged at that time. Th ey had not put ism and writing a new consti- within the circle of crores of their slippers at that time and tution? Are they peace loving? the people if you do not under- they had not got time to bath Are they the writers who are in stand the grand demonstration and wash. Th e streets of the val- favour of nation and national- of the people. ley were full of bare feet people ity? Its only for peace and con- at that time. It had been pos- We know well that who institution whether we picket sible because the history mak- vited tussle and encounter, who Singhdurbar or hold mass ing people were there on the fi red bullet against the mass. strikes. We have nothing to do black topped streets with their Th e hundreds of the thou- than that. Still, there are lots of bare feet because they had al- sands of people did not create small kings/lords in capital city ready set historical and unprec- the environment of encounter. Kathmandu. We have kicked edented records. Th ose ragged Th e goons who were brought out the King of Narayanhity. people made the election of the up by the government showed Th ere are still lots of small constituent assembly possible. their ill behaviour against the kings in Kathmandu, Lalitpur But surprise! no body said, at people. Th ey made retaliation and Bhaktapur. Th ey talk about that time, that the outer people in the name of local people. democracy. Th ey are corrupt came into the valley. Th ose Th ey were armed with knives and criminal. ragged and the bare feet people and short weapons. Th e me- Th e suggestions of the rep- made the federalism possible in dia made propaganda that the resentatives of the diplomatic Nepal. Maoists were retaliated by the institutions are positive and But, at this time, when local people. It was total false. we have taken them positively. those people came to the val- Th e people want to recite However, the right of taking de- ley for the protection of peace, slogans on the pride of the na- cision always remains with us. constitution and the feder- tion, on independence and on Th is right to self determination alism in a grand and excel- the right to self determination. has not been digested to some lent manner, they were called However, the deployment of of the men. We have taken de- outer. What is more disgust- the goons and the criminals cisions by ourselves when we ing thing than this! Th e peace against the people is dishon- resigned from the government process of Nepal was not born esty and deception. and initiated the struggle. in Baluwatar, Narayanhity and Th e gangs; which showed [Unoffi cial translation of Singhdurbar. Th at was born in their bullying under the ban- some of the important excerpts the villages and in the sweat, ner of peace rally, are now be- fr om the speech given by Com. blood and the sacrifi ce of the ing congratulated by the gov- Prachanda in a historic mass exploited people. Th erefore the ernment. But, if the nation assembly at Khulamanch of right for its protection is with becomes worse, the 6-day mass Kathmandu, on 8 May, 2010]. them. However, the tip top

16-31 May, 2010 26 DOCUMENT Our Prime Concern PEACE AND CONSTITUTION Th e historic tasks for ad- and institutionalize the change objectively that the synthesis vancing the peace process into and the process of draft ing and the conclusion of our a logical end, institutionalizing a new constitution by the party at that time were correct. federal republic of the people fi rst republican government Falsifying the strategies of the and draft ing new constitution formed under the leadership reactionaries, UCPN-Maoist through Constituent Assembly of UCPN-Maoist and the anti- has continuously holding its (CA); which are the achieve- people activities were run by phase-wise struggles remaining ments obtained from the ridiculing the mandate of the within the republican norms 12-point understanding and people expressed through the and the values without any the 19-day peoples movement election of CA and by forming excitement, rather in a peaceful on the strong base of a decade unnatural alliance against the manner due to be responsible long People’s War (PW), are national independence and the party committ ed to peace and now in serious crisis. Th e democratic norms in order to constitution. It is well known anti-revolutionary and the promote national capitulation- to all that the slogans like: reactionary status quo forces ism and to maintain the ex- ‘Form the united national gov- are continuously hatching con- treme rightist government. By ernment to ensure the peace spiracies against transforma- rejecting all these conspiracies and constitution’ is in centre. tion since aft er Unifi ed Com- and the tricks, our party at the It is not a hidden fact munist Party of Nepal Maoist moment had clearly said in the that the party is continuously (UCPN-Maoist) has been CA meeting that the intension working among the people elected as the largest popular hidden behind these activi- by formulating the slogans party in the country. Form- ties were under the strategy into national independence, ing the government through to disrupt the peace process civilian supremacy, peace, majority system in CA has ap- and dissolve CA at last. At that constitution and the united peared as the fi rst and the fore- moment, we had clearly stated national government. Along most step of that conspiracy; that the strategy of the unnatu- with this, our party is very which is against the aspiration ral alliance was to create and serious in search of political and the essence of interim con- spread the rumours and the outlet through continuous stitution and the agreements. propagandas to deceive people talk with the other political Th ere aft er, creating obstacles by saying that UCPN-Maoist parties in a fl exible way being against UCPN-Maoist from is going to seize state power; too much conscious about not forming government, they which is totally hypothetical, to interrupt in the daily lives are encroaching the aspira- and they are trying to push the of the people and the process tion and essence of interim country into confl ict again. of peace and draft ing a new constitution and agreements Th e political occurrences constitution. Th erefore, it has by creating tricks against the and the situation, created concentrated its programmes obvious initiative to address now, are justifying all these of struggles in picketing,

16-31 May, 2010 27 demonstration, gatherings and being perished and capital is country on the international mass meetings. being destroyed which have May Day with the confi rma- Coming to the later period, caused the nation push into tion to form a comprehensive our party has played a posi- the serious economic crisis. united front with all the true tive role in the especial urge of Th e government has scorned democratic, republican and Girija Prasad Koirala, one of the peace and democracy by patriotic forces for peace, the main initiators of mak- institutionalizing the corrup- national independence and ing peace and constitution, a tion as a single formula for the constitution. We want to state high level political mechanism safety of chair and they are especially on the May Day was organized with the aim to pretending not to be informed mass demonstration that it end the political impasse and about the serious problems of will be peacefully run accord- to help for making peace and the people. Th e latest remark- ing to the democratic norms. constitution. A negative ten- able issue is on the decision by Th ousands of youth are made dency which considered the the government on printing of prepare to run the demonstra- high level political mechanism Machine Readable Passport tion properly. We dismiss all to be a ‘high level conspiracy’ (MRP); which was against the types of rumors and propagan- is still alive in the status quo sensitivity of national security, das given military training b t government aligned parties; international norms and the di- o youth rather it was a simple which was clearly seen when rectives of the CA. Al last, that training of volunteers to help Girija Prasad Koirala was has been withdrawn because of the mass in its control. alive. It is clear fact that the the oppose of the people and Th e present government government aligned parties the judiciary. However, it is not which terrifi ed from the opin- have rejected the meeting of a less harmful act to try making ions and the voice of people is mechanism frequently, which intrigues for implementing preparing itself to suppress the we called, pushed it farther and the decision on MRP in place mass protest. Our party has rejected the implementation of resigning from the govern- unmasked the false publicity of the agreements and under- ment. Taking into account the and has crossed the rumours standings from the 12-point whole political scenario and through the commitment that understandings and to form its background, our party has are implemented in practice. If the national united govern- reached to a conclusion that a the eff ort will be taken to cross ment with the intension to massive pressure the masses of the peaceful demonstration make the mechanism paralyze the people and their interfer- forcefully or violently by the objectively. ence has been compulsory to government, the government safeguard national indepen- It is clear like the broad will be responsible for the dence and civilian supremacy day light that the government consequences it produces. for peace and writing con- of the defeated ones, not Our party has decided to stitution. A year experience elected, is the most corrupted, run nation-wide indefi nite has proved that the puppet unworthy, anti-people and trai- mass strike from April 2 if the government, conducted by tor in the history of the nation. government does not make the remote controller, will not Th e life of the people in the any eff ort to make agreement pay its att ention in a simple country is full of fear because to ensure peace and constitu- protest and normal talk. Th ere- of price hike, corruption, tion till May Day demonstra- fore, our party has taken the murder and the uncontrolled tion. We want to make clear decision to demonstrate mass series of terror. Th e trade, that this general political strike protest in the capital city Kath- commerce and industries are is not our preference rather mandu and other cities of the it is obligatory option for

16-31 May, 2010 28 peace and constitution writing to fulfi ll historic need. Our general political strike will go ahead in a peaceful way as the New Constitution part of peoples struggle. If the government dares to suppress over these peaceful movement, the government itself from the Street will be responsible about the consequences of suppression. Here, we further want to make Th e largest party in the Constituent Assembly UCPN- clear that the space for talk and Maoist has declared its third centralized programme of the on agreement will remain open going struggle. Before it, the party has implemented its fi rst even in the period of resistance and the second centralized programmes. According to the de- and strike. We would like to clared schedule, it is going to celebrate the Republican Day in heartily request to all walks of a grand manner on 29 May. On that day, the party will declare the life to support and partici- the new constitution from the street. However, it is making its pate for the success of gen- best eff orts for the agreement according to the aspiration and eral strike (Shut down Bazaar, the mandate of the people. transportation, educational institutes and factories); which has been the historic necessity for peace and constitution building. We would like to request especially to all the masses of the people to adapt the movement as the third peoples movement for building peace and constitution by being free from the illusions and the deliberate propaganda of the government. Now, the centers of demonstration and strike will be the cities of country including the capital city Kathmandu. Th erefore, Maoist has proposed that the false decisions taken before we would like to appeal Newar should be corrected and a new agreement should be made for community and the masses the political outlet. of the people to participate Th e 6-point terms and conditions put forwarded by the actively in the historic demon- parliamentary parties are unacceptable for the Maoists, the stration and mass strike. spokes person of the party says. (Unoffi cial Translation) Maoist party is going to seek a new form of struggle. It is prachanda going to take its struggle into the climax only aft er the stipu- Chairman UCPN MAO- lated date of writing new constitution is ended. IST 26 Apr. 2010

16-31 May, 2010 29 MEDIA Govinda Acharya Nepali Media WAITING FOR CHANGE

Nepalese media, which has played Th ough the constitution of an eff ective role in the Nepalese politi- 1990-91 gave assurances not cal movement and social change, has to att ack over the freedom of not got change in itself in a mentionable the press, the intervention over scale. Media is in the frontier of all the the media did not leave to be forward going movements and struggles occurred. In this period, there whether they are big or small if we revise has been mentionable develop- Media has a big its 60 year old history of the past. But, ment in print media, electronic the media itself has no feeling of change and online; however, a con- role whether it was in itself even aft er the political change in crete policy for the guarantee in the change in the country. of the freedom of press and Media has a big role whether it was its the long term development 1949, or the rebel in the change in 1949, or the rebel of has not been made yet. Th e of Jhapa in 1970 Jhapa in 1970 or the students’ move- criticism of the press could not ment of 1979. Media openly stood be digestible for the parlia- or the students’ against monarchy in the historic people’s mentary parties that are in the movement of movement in 1990. Aft er a climax of power. people’s movement, a tripartite agree- Th en aft er the initiation 1979. Media ment was made among Nepali Con- People’s War (PW) with the gress, CPN-UML and the king. Th e king aim to abolish the monarchy openly stood declared the constitution of 1991 to the and the establishment of the against monarchy nation. However, the laws and the provi- republic, the journalists were sions; which were against the freedom of arrested, given torture and in the historic speech and media, were not cancelled. disappeared and killed due to people’s movement Press did not get chance to be indepen- writing in favour of the consti- dent. Th at is why the press could not get tution and the republic. in 1990. to be restructured. Th e government of Nepali

16-31 May, 2010 30 congress declared state of even to go here and there. Th is completed and federal republic emergency in 2002. Th e article made the journalism weak. Th is has been established. Th ese are of press freedom was sus- period was marked as a black the great achievements of the pended. Hundreds of journal- period in the history of jour- Nepalese peoples movement ists were arrested. Dozens nalism. Nepalese journalists and the wars. However, the of the journalists including advanced ahead for the free- weakness in the protection of Krishna Sen “Ichchhuk’, chief dom of press despite all these these achievements and their editor of Janadisha Daily were problems. Revolutionary jour- institutionalization has been a murdered. Other dozens were nalists published news papers challenge for media persons. made disappeared. More than and broad casting FM radios Media is one of the sec- three dozens of journalists had from corners of the country liv- tors, which has been remained to lose their lives in the period ing among the masses. Almost untouched even aft er the latest of confl ict. Five journalists are 500 journalists went among the political change in the country. still in the state of unknown. rural people in the villages and We still have the same problem Aft er the day, the joint gov- they ran the publicities as their of physical and the professional ernment of UML and NC was mission journalism in favour of security of the journalists. No formed. However, the att ack republic. Th e journalists in the action has been taken over the over the press had been contin- cities also get together for the murderers of the journalists in- ued at that time. In the later pe- establishment of real democrat- cluding Krishna Sen ‘Ichchhuk’. riod, the military chiefs began ic republic for the guarantee of Th e families of the journalists to censor the papers sitt ing on the press freedom. Th us, with murdered in the period of the the chair of the editors. Th e line the eff orts of the journalists, the confl ict still have no relief and of internet and the telephone tyrannous power forced to step compensation. Th e old and out were cut off . Hundreds of the down. dated laws and the acts are still journalists were arrested and Aft er the success of the in existence. Th e problems that released time and again. Th e peoples movement, the are raised from the past are still journalist were not permitt ed election of the CA has been remained same.

16-31 May, 2010 31 In the republican period, the government has its own press, radio, television and printing-press although it has accepted that it is not suitable to run the media by government itself like in Panchayat system. In these government media, there is no allow of criticizing the government. Th e tradition is still in existence to recruit party cadres and kick out the working professional journalists from those media. Th ere is no proportionate policy in the distribution Strike and bia of advertisement and there is willfulness and the only sup- Nandalal Tiwari porters are permitt ed to take Aft er Maoist chairman Prachanda apologized on May 12 for advertisement. the unintended hurt his speech on Saturday had caused to the in- Likewise, the bakers, man tellectuals and the middle class people of the Capital, this scribe power companies and the trad- turned the pages of the news papers to see how they had reported on ers of the private sectors are Friday’s ‘peace rally’. I also tried to recollect the reporting on various investing and running media TV channels about the peace assembly and the ‘spontaneous’ rally according to their own interest. because the Maoist chief had made the ‘hurting’ criticism in connec- On the one hand, they claim tion to the rally, and not the assembly. Rereading of the papers was themselves to be professional also important to grasp Prachanda’s lamentation over the role of but they are running ‘missions’ the media during the 6-day long indefi nite general strike. eTh Mao- more by crossing the mission ist chief had criticised some of the intellectuals, the media and the media where there is no suit- middle class people (Sukilamukila) for looking down upon the rural ability of editorial freedom. people who were here to participate in the May Day rally and the Th e labourer journalists are subsequent strike. gett ing out at any time. Th eir Alas! Not a single newspaper of the ‘mainstream’ had made profession is insecure. Th e a report on the rally, rather they were focused on the assembly, let media is not inclusive. Th ere alone the news reports on who were leading the rally, in which route is a big discrimination over and what sloganeering had gone during the rally. Th e assembly or- repressed people, caste, region, ganisers at Basantapur had said the rally would not take place and gender and community. those who did go for the rally were the defi ant. Th us, the media is waiting However, there was a photo in a very minimised form on the for change like the other bod- fourth page of Th e Kantipur, May 8, that had a caption - Sloganeer- ies of the government judiciary ing against the Maoists at Sundhara. Th e photo shows just a person and military. If the change is shouting while standing before a policeman and the caption gives no brought in media, there will information about who the person is and whether he is one among remain no more time to bring the rally goers and so on. Now comes the question, what made the changes in other bodies. editor of the paper hide the necessary information and crop the

16-31 May, 2010 32 sness of the media photo size into almost nothing because the photo must have been that of reporting applies to the most of the rally as it is almost impossible for a person to go sloganeering cases of strike resistance. against the demonstrators in a group. And the Kantipur and its photo One more case, in Birgunj, journalist Shruti Shrestha should be thanked for this small photo that more than 100 Maoist leaders somehow carried the truth because no other mainstream papers had and activists sustained injuries given even this much hint that the ‘peace rally’ goers had sloganeering including the CA members against the Maoists in peaceful demonstrations. Prabhu Shah and Anjana Bis- Anyone can watch the reporting of the rally on the TVs. The hankhe because of the police TV reporting is even more one sided and hurting to the peaceful baton charge. It was the police demonstrators. I hope every reporter knows that the unannounced that destroyed the camp of the rally was taken to Bhotahiti, to Padmodaya and then to Sundhara. demonstrators and burned Why the rally could not take a different route and instead visited down the entire foodstuff . But the places where the Maoist demonstrators were sitting, dancing the mainstream media reported and singing in their arcs? Why people like Ram Kumari Jhakri, chairperson of the ruling UML’s student organisation, indirectly the so-called Hindu extremists led the rally? Why there was sloganeering against the Maoists and burned down the camp. More- the party head Prachanda if the rally was for peace? Against all over, the media never reported these proofs, most TV channels reported that the Maoists attacked that most of the Hindu youths the peace rally. Had the Maoists gone to the places where the rally were Muslims and had come was going or the rally was brought to the place where the Maoists fr om the other side of the bor- were demonstrating? And there is reporting that the Maoists at- der, Raxaul. It is not that the tacked the rally! My goodness, can there be anything as distorted media did not know the fact or as this one? the reporter did not report as Mahesh Basnet, head of ruling UML’s youth organisation, had such. hand in shooting at Bhaktapur. Th e TVs showed him addressing a Given all this, how can the group of people urging them to defy the strike. Basnet had some youths big media claim that they were with him who tried to chase away the demonstrators and there was a fair, independent and reported clash. But, the TVs reported that the locals resisted the strike. Th is kind on events as they were?

16-31 May, 2010 33 CULTURE Hira Mani Dukhi People's Movement and its Cultural Aspect

People’s movement is go- the resignation fi rst republican government under the leadership ing on for civilian supremacy of UCPN-Maoist party and the formation of a puppet govern- and the national independency ment. Th is has been happened in Nepal as the ceremonial Presi- since a long time. Th e move- dent started to exercise in an executive way. Th e application of the ment is handled by UCN-Mao- parliamentary parties to urge for taking coup was not only a coin- ist for the logical end of the cidence. Rather, it deliberate plan to do so. peace process. Th e question Aft er the formation of a government under the interest of In- of civilian supremacy and the dian Expansionism, the issues of civilian supremacy along with national independency have the national independence took their rise. Along with it, the peace been the burning issues since process and the process of writing a new constitution is in crisis.

16-31 May, 2010 34 Th is has pushed the nation terms of violence, destruction Th e peace has taken its birth into national crisis. Th erefore, and loss. Such type of legacy from the struggle, but not from the gradual development of and the tradition has been peace. Th erefore, the agitators the struggle has taken its way crossed by the UCPN-Maoist have shown their tolerance in towards its peak that is climax. and it has given a good answer the streets when the struggle Even aft er the declaration to those who were the victim was running. Really, the Maoist of republic, the people did of that type of thinking. It is a is peace loving and the people not get any change; rather the truth that the rulers always in- want peace. If people want comprador class came into terpret the movement in this peace, what for the struggle, power. Th e national agendas way; which is not according to then? Th e struggle is for peace. left to get even a small place in their interest. Th erefore, the struggle became political scenario. Th erefore, Th e violent form of the peace to teach the other violent the thousands of the people struggle, rather, has been used status quo powers in the gov- by the rulers in the name of so ernment. called people. Th e government Many of the analysts had In the mobilization of the tried to retaliate against the assumed that there will be a masses of the community, people in the name of peace big loss of the property. Th eir rally. Th e people are forced to assumption has failed once new forms and the resist if the government force again. Ad the people have been procedures are being used fully suppresses or tries to sup- victorious. It has been an ex- press over them. However, the ample for the world to learn. and developed. Th ere agitators did not do what was Probably, the Nepalese people used to be done in the previ- are coming to the street for the is break through in the ous street struggles. Th e people nation like in Cuba and Brazil traditional and the old use protested peacefully. Th ere was and Venezuela. no violence. It is universal fact that the and the style of culture. UCPN-Maoist is the party people come down to the street Th e diff erences fr om the that handled People’s War for a when they get their interest, decade long time. It has its skill aspiration and ambition to be other movements are the to mobilize the power militar- submitt ed or addressed in the originalities of its own. ily. It knows very well about the slogans. Th e people are really strategy of att ack and defense. ready to sacrifi ce by fi ghting However, it has brought change in the street because they want came down to the street for the in its form of struggle and has federalism; they want republic protection of the nationality. made peaceful. Because it is the and a proportionate represen- largest party in CA and the na- tative system. In this context, Movement is the political tion, Maoist has run its struggle every one should be very cau- action take for the fulfi llment peacefully. tious about the fact that the of the necessities or the agen- achievements; which are gained das that are raised according Th e peace process has be- through the struggle, can be to the socio-political change gun in reality as the Maoists protect only from the struggle of the society. However, one came in to the peace by making because the anti-people forces of the tendencies is defi ning 12-point understanding with the then parliamentary parties. the movement always in the to be contd. 42

16-31 May, 2010 35 VIEW Dr. K. B. Rokaya The Origin and Concept of Human Rights

Th e expression “human rights” had its Human rights literally origin in international law, appertaining to mean the rights of man. Hu- the development of the status of an individ- man rights were typically called ual in the international legal system which the rights of man or as stated was originally confi ned to the relation be- earlier, natural rights. Th omas tween sovereign states, who were regarded Paine may have been the fi rst as the only persons in international law for to use the term human rights all practical proposes. Th e genesis of this in his English translation of international aspect of human rights is not the French Declaration of the older than the World War-II. Th ough the Rights of Man adopted by the concept of an individual having certain in- National Assembly of France alienable rights as against a sovereign state in 1789 which prefaced the had it origin in the dim past, in the some- Constitution of 1791. Later in what nebulous doctrine of natural law and accordance with the sugges- natural rights. tion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the term human rights has been used in English text of the Uni- versal Declaration adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 Decem- ber 1948. In defi ning what we mean by human rights, we may em- phasize on three most fundamental categories of human rights. Firstly, the rights to be free from governmental violation of the integrity of the person such as torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrest or imprisonment, denial of fair public trial. Secondly, there are rights for the fulfi llment of such

16-31 May, 2010 36 basic needs as food, work, shel- Rights, 1789, the French Dec- are created equal, that they are ter, health-care and education. laration of the Rights of Man endowed by their creator with Th irdly, the right to enjoy civil and Citizen, 1789, and many certain inalienable rights, that and political liberties, freedom other such Bills, Treaties, Reso- among these are life, liberty, of thought, of religion, of as- lutions, Declarations, all were and the pursuit of happiness, sembly, of speech, of the press the results of the struggle of the that to secure these rights, gov- and freedom of movement people against the kings, rulers, ernments are instituted among both within and outside one’s states, and governments. men, deriving their just powers own country. Th e Magna Carta, 1215, from the consent of the gov- Th e rights of every human was described as “really a treaty erned, that whenever any form being to life, liberty and free- between the king and his sub- of government becomes de- dom from cruel, inhuman, de- ject”. Th e Magna Carta safe- structive of these ends, it is the grading treatment and torture right of the people to alter or and to immunity from arbitrary Th e rights of every human abolish it, and to institute new arrest are now a days recognized being to life, liberty and government, .....” by the civilized world through In the very Preamble of diff erent international conven- fr eedom fr om cruel, inhuman, the UN Declaration of Human tions and also by incorporat- degrading treatment and Rights of 10 December 1948, ing such rights in the political torture and to immunity it is writt en, “...Whereas it is es- framing of the constitutions of sential, if man is not to be com- the countries. fr om arbitrary arrest are pelled to have recourse, as a last Th e concept of human now a days recognized by resort, to rebellion against tyr- rights has always been derived the civilized world through anny and oppression, that hu- from the relationship between diff erent international man rights should be protected the king and his subject, be- by the rule of law, ....”. tween the ruler and the ruled, conventions and also by Th e UN Declaration on between the governments and incorporating such rights in Human Rights is thus a docu- the people. Th e kings, rulers, the political fr aming of the ment in which the nations of and governments have always the world commit themselves tried to curtail the rights of the constitutions of the countries. to respect and guarantee human citizens to a minimum so that rights of their citizens by the rule guarded the liberties of the they can live and enjoy their of law in order to prevent wars people by securing the suprem- lives in peace and maximum which result from people’s re- acy of the law. comfort. On the other hand, bellion against the tyranny and the subjects, the ruled, the Th e British Petition of oppression of the state or gov- people, the citizens have always Rights, 1628, was described as ernments. Th e UN Declaration, fought and struggled against “... the Petition of Right was in like many other such documents the rulers to secure their funda- truth the fi rst step in the trans- on human rights, did not nec- mental rights as human beings, fer of sovereignty from the king essarily come because the world for their freedom and liberty. to parliament” and was called nations and their leaders were the Glorious revolution, of all Th e historic Magna Carta, really concerned about the safe- the revolutions the least violent 1215, the British Petition of guarding of the fundamental and the most benefi cent. Rights, 1628, the British Bill rights of their citizens, but be- of Rights, 1689, the American In the American Declara- cause they were concerned that Declaration of Independence, tion of Independence, 1776, it if minimum rights of the people 1776, the American Bill of was recognized that, “... all men are not guaranteed by the state,

16-31 May, 2010 37 then the citizens will be forced tion and the law to which they rights community includ- to revolt against state tyranny have committ ed themselves. ing the UN must apply same and oppression. Ms Asma Jahangir, the UN standard to every nation From what has been said Special Rapporteur on Extraju- and/or ruler; who violate above, it becomes quite clear dicial Killing, in her statement human rights of its citizens. that the state is the prime viola- to the Th ird Committ ee of the • Terrorism must be defi ned tor of citizens’ rights. UN General assembly, rightly clearly to distinguish it from A person can violate law says, “Even where the perpetra- genuine People’s Move- but can not violate human tors of violence are non-state ac- ments carried out in protest rights. If a person or a group tors, the blame in large part must against state terrorism, op- of people violate the law or the lie with the government, which pression, repression, and constitution, the state has the bears the responsibility for pro- tyranny, and with a defi nite power to punish them accord- tecting the life of its people”. political objective guided by ing to the provision in the law Th e incident of September a defi nite political ideology. of the land. Th e state has the 11, 2001 and the happenings Th e right of the people to constitution, laws, the police, in the aft ermath of this tragic rebel against state sponsored tyranny and oppression as A fr esh concept and stated in the preamble of the UDHR must be respected. defi nition of human If the present form of hu- rights violation must man rights violations in the be worked out. What is world continues, the political parties and governments of human rights violation? the world continue to be irre- What is the distinction sponsible and unaccountable between violation of to the people and work only human rights and for their own selfi sh gains, the basic norms of multi-party de- violation of law? mocracy are not respected, the needs and aspirations of the cit- army, administration, and other event have presented the in- izens continue to be neglected, resources at its disposal and has ternational community with a and the international human the power to exercise author- new challenge to have a fresh rights community keeps its eye ity and use these resources to look at the very concept of hu- closed to the grave violations of maintain peace and order. An man rights and the relevance of human rights, then more and individual person or a group of the content of the many inter- more people will, as the UN people can act against the con- national instruments of human Declaration on Human Rights stitution and the law and they rights developed so far. can be punished for doing so. says in its Preamble, be “...com- • A fresh concept and defi ni- pelled to have recourse, as a But when the state or govern- tion of human rights viola- last resort, to rebellion against ment violates the constitution tion must be worked out. tyranny and oppression,...”. In and the law, who will punish What is human rights viola- order to avoid such a tragic the state or the authorities? It tion? What is the distinction is here that the need for human between violation of human situation, the states and the rights organizations arises to rights and violation of law? governments of the world must act as a watch dog and warn the Who is the prime violator of protect the basic fundamental state, government and rulers human rights? rights of their people by the when they violate the constitu- • Th e international human rule of law.

16-31 May, 2010 38 STRUGGLE Deependra Rokaya Achievement of 3rd People's Movement Approaching

People's power in the street: revolutionary change. Leader of Nepali Congress Durga Subedi remembered ener- Th erefore, the wars and getic life of his past which was raised from the workers movement the movements are frequently in Biratnagar. He remembered his courageous past by seeing the happening in Nepal. Th ere has huge mass gathering in 121 May Day organized by the Maoist sup- been no mentionable change porting workers and he said, "Till today, the poor are working for for peasants, workers and poor rich and gentles are serving to haves. However, they are not paying though there is republic, de- their att ention towards understanding the suff erings of poor and mocracy or democratic repub- have nots. Th erefore, from Biratnagar where I am living the work- lic. Till today, the rules and reg- ers movement was raised. But, the leaders did not understand the ulations made by the clever and aspiration of those movements and once again the movement has cunning rulers are in existence. been declared on the May Day. Th erefore, the day should come May Day is celebrated as the day in which the workers raised when the poor people can their agitation for change. On the day, UCPN Maoist chairman feel that the day of their own com. Prachanda reminded that big changes in the history have came. Th e Maoist movement come through the street. He added, "I appeal the ocean of the peo- is the symbol of that. Durga ple to advance ahead in a peaceful way with last commitment. Th is Subedi again said."Th e peas- movement will not stop until it will be victorious. Th e main objec- ants and workers movement is tive of the 3rd people's movement is to form the national united not stopped by any body and government by dissolving the present government for the guaran- should not be stopped, too." tee of peace and constitution. Senior most women leader Th e experts say that the mass movement of 6-day general strike Shanta Sherstha says that the is the biggest movement in the history of Nepal. Along with it, the movement was never raised mass movement in 13 autonomous states and the head-quarts of from the 75 districts at a time the 75 districts are historic. Th e people of the whole country got before it. Th is is not a simple chance to hear or to be instructed by the movement because some thing. If the movement wants of the televisions and FM radios gave live board-cast. to bring change in the country it will. Th e people of Biratnagar had stood up in the past. Th at was for change. But the change did not implement. Maoist today wants Surya Prakash Nepal 'Yatri' to join these turning points of the history and achievements for says, "Worker's organization is

16-31 May, 2010 39 the world wide organization. Th e experts say that the mass Ratna Bhandari, a cam- Th e outer voice can not fulfi ll paigner of water resources, the demands of the workers. movement of 6-day general says how many days the gov- Th e owners can not understand strike is the biggest movement ernment continues under in that. What I have felt is that the in the history of Nepal. Along the guidance and direction of problem of the worker will be with it, the mass movement in foreign power. Th e movement only solved by the movement 13 autonomous states and the itself has seen the dream of a under the leader ship of Mao- head-quarts of the 75 districts are new Nepal. ist." historic. Th e people of the whole Th e day left to look country got chance to hear or to Excited and encouraged Padma Ratna Tuladhar, a people be instructed by the movement human right fi gure, had stressed General mass strike terri- because some of the televisions and to cross the foreign infl uence fi es not only the Nepalese peo- FM radios gave live board-cast. and its pressure. He pointed out ple but the people of the world. that the danger of encounter people by parliamentary politi- However, the UCPN Maoist and the break of peace process if started the general strike and cal parties were made. Whether Lal Bahadur Budha of Khalla- the national united government postponed it as a responsible is not formed. Tuladhar said, party. Th is is a new model pre- wada of Jumla or Abiram shahi of Dandaphaya of Humla, they "Other wise, civil war breaks sented by Maoist in Nepal. Th e and we are very much worried general strike has many obliga- were saying in Chabhill and Th amel chowk, "We have not on it." Senior radio journalists tory situations behind it. Th is Navraj Lamsal says, "Th e age of can be easily understood by all. come to Kathmandu in vain." We could not see sadness over the government has ended." He Th e movement became the faces of the demonstrators. added that a package should very peaceful and the observers be made and all the issues like and journalists observed and Hope of a big change resignation of the government, publicized that no tires were Jeevnath Timalsina was in federalism, state restructuring, burnt and no railing were bro- the front of new Baneshwar, administrative structure, inte- ken down. Th e movement was leaving his house hold work as gration of army etc. and is being celebrated as fes- it was. He was saying among However PM Madhav Ne- tival that is closely related with his friends, "We have come to pal returning from Bhutan has the liberation. the movement thinking that not been seen responsible. He A political analyst Anada- our future generation would says the government under his ram Poudel says, "Th e demon- not have to fi ght." eTh rulers leadership can do everything. strators spoke no fi lthy word are the main cause for the lag- Where as the formation of the and strike was well maintained ging behind the situation of Madhav Nepal-government af- and disciplined. Not only we, Nepal. Evaluating the move- ter the unconstitutional step of but the international commu- ment Kristy, the citizen of Fin- the President has actually cre- nity has been surprised by no- land, told us, "I have thought ated this political problem. ticing it. that a great change is coming to Now the people have come Th e historic mass gather- Nepal soon." He was telling us down to the street. If the gov- ing shows that the days of those that the strength of the Nepal- ernment can not do anything, have gone, who do not respect ese people is in the street. In his the people will declare a new people. Th e anti Maoist are also opinion, UML has not handled constitution from the street saying that the obligatory situa- the nation. He added that there because the 3rd people's move- is no possibility of develop- tion came only aft er the miss ef- ment is in progress. forts to crush the opinion of the ment until the change comes.

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