DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0331462 A1 UMENEZ

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0331462 A1 UMENEZ US 2013 0331462A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0331462 A1 UMENEZ. et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 12, 2013 (54) METHODS OF INHIBITING, PREVENTING, (22) Filed: Aug. 7, 2013 KILLING AND/OR REPELLING INSECTS Related U.S. Application Data USING SIMULATED BLENDS OF (63) Continuation of application No. 12/815,274, filed on CHENOPODIUM Jun. 14, 2010, now abandoned. (71) Applicant: Bayer CropScience LP, Davis, CA (US) Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (72) Inventors: Desmond JIMENEZ, Woodland, CA AOIN 27/00 (2006.01) (US); Giselle JANSSEN, Mountain (52) U.S. Cl. View, CA (US); Dennis LONG, CPC ...................................... A0IN 27/00 (2013.01) Demorest, GA (US); Brett USPC .......................................................... S14f764 HIGHLAND, Nokomis, FL (US); Tara (57) ABSTRACT LU, Woodland, CA (US); Gerardo The present invention provides natural and/or simulated, Syn BUENO, Davis, CA (US) thetic, synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising terpe nes, such as extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides, or compositions based on those found in Che (73) Assignee: Bayer CropScience LP, Davis, CA (US) nopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides. The present invention also provides methods of using said compositions to kill, inhibit, prevent and/or repel plant pests from contact (21) Appl. No.: 13/961,857 ing and/or damaging plants. Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 1 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 euoN s s . 5 s sir N: saw uoued pebeo Jed effielo uo punoy SplASCJO Jequinu ueeW Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 2 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 FIGURE 2 First Spray Second Spray Third Spray Patent Application Publication US 2013/0331462 A1 Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 4 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 sÁessyuæauosÁueuuqad an eit Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 5 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 eueuÁo-dne $10?å :ex xxx Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 6 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 s ter s s s s 3. s e s s hos . f S : s : . d k s s g g SS s s s :::::::::::::::88: 388x} Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 7 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 St:3SS3 c 3: Stiki & N. Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 8 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 See: {:} f Stittakri Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 9 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 & s See: ; ; ; Siw Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 10 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 Sanee: ; is33 Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 11 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 12 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 Patent Application Publication Dec. 12, 2013 Sheet 13 of 13 US 2013/0331462 A1 ¿ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& suo?ep??ddejodaqur!!! {}{38 {}{}{} |00No. iu X. US 2013/0331462 A1 Dec. 12, 2013 METHODS OF INHIBITING, PREVENTING, compared to natural cannabis and its cannabinoids, since KILLING AND/OR REPELLING INSECTS several other cannabinoids in cannabis may also contribute to USING SIMULATED BLENDS OF the therapeutical effect, and Synergism exists when these CHENOPODIUM compounds are applied together. 0006 For another example, it has been more and more CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED accepted that synthetic crystalline vitamins differ from vita APPLICATIONS mins in natural products in many ways, since vitamins in 0001. This application claims priority to and is a continu natural products are complexes of critical combinations and ation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/815,274, filed cannot be split off without destroying the biological activities, Jun. 14, 2010, which in turn claims priority to U.S. Provi while synthetic vitamins are only synthesized fractions of a sional Application No. 61/213,470, filed on Jun. 12, 2009, Vitamin complex. U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/246,872, filed on Sep. 0007 For yet another example, in Jiang, Z. et al., “Com 29, 2009, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/247,885, filed parative Toxicity of Essential Oils of Litsea pungens and on Oct. 1, 2009, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/256, Litsea cubeba and Blends of Their Major Constituents 257, filed on Oct. 29, 2009, U.S. Provisional Application No. against the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni J. Agric. Food 61/286,314, filed on Dec. 14, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Chem. (2009) 57, 4833-4837, the authors describe the extract Application No. 61/329,020, filed on Apr. 28, 2010. The of L. cubeba, which includes the major terpenes present in contents of the aforementioned patent applications are hereby Chenopodium, C-terpinene, d-limonene and p-cymene, as incorporated by reference into the present disclosure. well as other components. The Jiang reference notes that mortality caused by mixtures of the six known components of TECHNICAL FIELD the extract was significantly lower than that caused by the natural essential oil, Suggesting that the 10% of the unknown 0002. This invention relates to the technical field of for constituents had a significant contribution to toxicity. Further, mulation technology of plant protection agents and to meth a combination of Y-terpinene, R-limonene and p-cymene was ods of preparing and using Such formulations. only 40% effective against Trichoplusia ni and a combination containing C-terpinene, B-pinene and C-pinene had almost no BACKGROUND mortality against T. nilarvae. 0003. The use of extracts obtained from Chenopodium 0008 Beghyn et al., Natural Compounds: Leads or Ideas? ambrosioides for controlling established insect or mite infes Bioinspired Molecules for Drug Discovery, 28 Jun. 2008, tations on plants has been described previously, including the Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 72(1): 3-15, summarize use of Such extracts that include natural terpenes isolated the results of their review as follows: “In this article, we from Chenopodium. See, for example, US Published Patent compare drugs of natural origin to synthetic compounds and Application Nos. 2003/009 1657 and 2009/0030087; PCT analyze the reasons why natural compounds occupy a place of Publication Nos. WO 2001/067868 and WO 2004/006679: choice in the current pharmacopoeia.” Thus, it is well known William Quarles (1992) Botanical Pesticides from Chenopo by those skilled in the art that the synthetic analog of a natural dium, The IPM Practitioner Volume XIV, Number 2, 11 extract may have very different biological activities. This is pages; and Lorenzo Sagrero-Nieves (March/April 1995) particularly So where, as in the present invention, the extract Volatile Constituents from the Leaves of Chenopodium contains more than one active ingredient. ambrosioides L., J. Essent. Oil Res. 7:221-223, each of which 0009 U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2008/ is specifically incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 0075796 and 2008/0020078 describe some synergistic com The prior art teaches that such extracts can be applied to binations of plant oils for controlling insects. These publica plants to kill or otherwise control certain insect species and/or tions provide long lists of essential oils, including selected mites on plants. terpenes, that may or may not be included in Such composi 0004. The prior art, however, does not appreciate that tions. These publications fail to provide specific guidance or simulated blends comprising Substantially pure terpenes can examples that would lead one of ordinary skill in the art to effectively mimic the insecticidal and acaricidal activity of arrive at the simulated, synthetic terpene compositions of the the Chenopodium plant extracts. There is a long-standing present invention or to use the simulated, synthetic terpene need to substitute natural extract from plants with active compositions of the present invention to control insects. For Substantially pure chemicals which can mimic the functions example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/ of the natural extract when mixed, due to limited availability 0075796 describes a composition comprising d-limonene, of plant resources, variability in plant extract compositions, C-pinene and p-cymene that is shown as being active against longer production cycle and higher cost of natural extract only farm ants. As demonstrated by the Jiang reference compared to synthetic chemicals. However, it has been described above, it is not possible to simply combine various always a challenge for researchers to identify the active ingre terpenes without testing specific combinations and amounts dients in the natural extracts from plants, and even if Such of such terpenes to arrive at insecticidally effective composi ingredients were identified, problems still remain: in some tions. cases, such ingredients cannot be synthesized through known 0010 Thus, the simulated, synthetic and synergistic pes pathways; in other cases, even if such ingredients could be ticidal compositions of the present invention are not obvious synthesized, a mere combination of them may recapitulate over the prior art, since a person with ordinary skill in the art no, or much lower, activity compared to the natural extract. will not be able to predict the necessary active ingredients to 0005 For example, despite the fact that Marinol (dronab be combined to make Such pesticidal compositions and the inol) is the only US FDA-approved synthetic cannabinoid synergistic pesticidal effects of the compositions. (chemical compound in natural cannabis), it typically pro 0011. In addition, the prior art does not appreciate that vides only limited relief to select patients, particularly when certainterpene extracts obtained from Chenopodium ambro US 2013/0331462 A1 Dec. 12, 2013 Sioides, natural analogs of Such terpenes from other plant carvacol, carvone, carveoland/or nerol. In particular embodi species or other organisms, and/or the synthetic versions of ments, the simulated blends in the above compositions are not Such terpenes can also be used in preventative or prophylactic from an extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides or from an methods of plant protection (i.e., applied to plants before the extract of Chenopodium.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Is the Mega-Diverse Genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae) Monophyletic
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (2012) 191–205 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Is the mega-diverse genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae) monophyletic? Evidence from molecular characters including the secondary structure of 28S rRNA ⇑ Ximo Mengual a,c, , Gunilla Ståhls b, Santos Rojo c a Dept. of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-0169, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA b Zoological Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland c Instituto Universitario CIBIO – Dpto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships between two New World Syrphinae taxa (Diptera, Syrphidae), i.e. the highly Received 17 March 2011 diverse genus Ocyptamus and the large genus Toxomerus, were analysed based on molecular characters. Revised 17 August 2011 The monophyly of both taxa was tested and the taxonomic status of included subgenera and species Accepted 23 September 2011 groups was examined. Toxomerus constitutes the monogeneric tribe Toxomerini with more than 140 Available online 29 September 2011 described species, while Ocyptamus (tribe Syrphini) is a very diverse genus (over 300 spp.) with multiple recognised subgenera and species groups. Sequence data from three gene regions were used: the mito- Keywords: chondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribo- Toxomerus somal RNA genes. The secondary structure of two expansion segments (D2, D3) of the ribosomal 28S Ocyptamus Monophyly RNA gene is presented for the family Syrphidae and used for the first time in a multiple sequence align- Syrphidae ment.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the ORIENTAL REGION
    Pacific Insects 10(2): 353-442 20 August 1968 THE ENITHARES (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) OF THE ORIENTAL REGION By I. Lansbury HOPE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, OXFORD Abstract: This paper redescribes most of the species recorded from the Oriental Region. Keys to both sexes are given. Fifteen species and 1 subspecies are described for the first time. Five species are placed in synonymy and three previously described species have proved unrecognisable. This paper embodies the results of a study of the Oriental species of the genus Enithares. The main purpose being to collate the scattered descriptions and information concerning this genus. The geographical scope is limited to those species occurring east of the 60° of longitude. African, Mascarene and American species are excluded. No phylogenetic speculation is implied in any part of this paper. Wherever possible types have been examined in order to fix the species. In a few cases where types are no longer extant or available for study, I have utilized 'compared' specimens or the concept of the last reviewer. Full details are given under the relevant species. Acknowledgments: Many people have assisted in the preparation of this paper. In particular, I am deeply indebted to Dr G. Byers of the University of Kansas for making available to me a copy of G.T. Brooks unpublished thesis on Enithares. To Miss S. Na­ kata and Dr P. D. Ashlock of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu for the very large collection of un-named material sent to me. A glance at the location of many of the types of new species will show how valuable their contribution has been.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Mycalesis Hübner, 1818 from the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) 209-213 ©Entomologischer Verein Apollo E.V
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 35 Autor(en)/Author(s): Müller Chris J. Artikel/Article: A new species of Mycalesis Hübner, 1818 from the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) 209-213 ©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 35 (4): 209–213 (2014) 209 A new species of Mycalesis Hübner, 1818 from the Sepik Basin, Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Chris J. Müller Chris J. Müller, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; address for correspondence: PO Box 3228, Dural, NSW 2158, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: Mycalesis woxvoldi sp. n. is described from the Mycalesis was considered closely relat ed to another Indo­ Se pik Basin lowlands, with the unique male holotype de po­ Australian mycalesine genus, Or sotri aena Wallengren, sit ed in the Australian Museum, Sydney. The adult male 1858, but this has been re fut ed by re cent mo le cu lar and ge ni ta lia are figured and compared with superficially re lated spe cies, in particular Mycalesis duponchelii (Guérin­ studies (Peña et al. 2006, Peña & Wahl berg 2008). Mé neville, 1830), M. mucia Hewitson, 1862, M. bilineata The Australasian species assessed by Kodandaramaiah Fruhs tor fer, 1906 and M. biformis Rothschild & Dur rant, et al. (2010) [viz. M. barbara Grose­Smith, 1894, M. ae thi- 1915. ops Butler, 1868, M. mucia, M. phidon Hewitson, 1862, Eine neue Art der Gattung Mycalesis Hübner, 1818 aus M.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt
    Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Myrna G. Ballentes :: Alma B. Mohagan :: Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo :: Myrna O. Zarcilla Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Myrna G. Ballentes, Alma B. Mohagan, Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo, Myrna O. Zarcilla Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs The Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao is a collaborative research programme on biodiversity management and conservation jointly undertaken by Filipino and Dutch researchers in Mt. Malindang and its environs, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. It is committed to undertake and promote participatory and interdisciplinary research that will promote sustainable use of biological resources, and effective decision-making on biodiversity conservation to improve livelihood and cultural opportunities. BRP aims to make biodiversity research more responsive to real-life problems and development needs of the local communities, by introducing a new mode of knowledge generation for biodiversity management and conservation, and to strengthen capacity for biodiversity research and decision-making by empowering the local research partners and other local stakeholders. Philippine Copyright 2006 by Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) Biodiversity Research Programme for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs ISBN 971-560-125-1 Wildlife Gratuitous Permit No. 2005-01 for the collection of wild faunal specimens for taxonomic purposes, issued by DENR-Region X, Cagayan de Oro City on 4 January 2005. Any views presented in this publication are solely of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of SEARCA, SEAMEO, or any of the member governments of SEAMEO.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) Reveals Diversity of Lineages and Non-Monophyly of Phytophagous Taxa
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (2008) 715–727 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) reveals diversity of lineages and non-monophyly of phytophagous taxa Ximo Mengual a,*, Gunilla Ståhls b, Santos Rojo a a Dpto. de Ciencias Ambientales/Instituto Universitario CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain b Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships of genera Allograpta, Sphaerophoria and Exallandra (Diptera, Syrphidae) were Received 20 November 2007 analyzed based on sequence data from the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase sub- Revised 7 September 2008 unit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The three genera are members of the sub- Accepted 16 September 2008 family Syrphinae, where nearly all members feed as larvae on soft-bodied Hemiptera and other Available online 26 September 2008 arthropods. Phytophagous species have recently been discovered in two subgenera of Allograpta,sgFazia and a new subgenus from Costa Rica. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined datasets were performed Keywords: using parsimony, under static alignment and direct optimization, maximum likelihood and Bayesian Syrphidae inference. Congruent topologies obtained from all the analyses indicate paraphyly of the genus Allograpta Allograpta Sphaerophoria with respect to Sphaerophoria and Exallandra. Exallandra appears embedded in the genus Sphaerophoria, Exallandra and both genera are placed within Allograpta. The distribution of phytophagous taxa in Allograpta indi- Molecular phylogenetics cates that plant feeding evolved at least twice in this group.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Indian Subcontinent C
    Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs Volume 12 Research in the Auchenorrhyncha, Article 13 Homoptera: A Tribute to Paul W. Oman 10-1-1988 Revision of the Nirvaninae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Indian subcontinent C. A. Viraktamath Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560 065, India C. S. Wesley Department of Ecology and Evolution, S.U.N.Y., Stony Brook, New York 11794 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbnm Recommended Citation Viraktamath, C. A. and Wesley, C. S. (1988) "Revision of the Nirvaninae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of the Indian subcontinent," Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs: Vol. 12 , Article 13. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbnm/vol12/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. REVISION OF THE NIRVANINAE (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT C. A. Viraktamath' andC. S. Wesley^ Abstract —^Three tribes of Nirvaninae, namely, Balbillini (two genera and three species), Nirvanini (five genera and 26 species), and Occinirvanini (one genus and one species), occur on the Indian subcontinent. The tribes, genera, and species are redescribed, illustrated, and keyed. New ta.xa recognized are BalbiUus indicus n. sp. (India; Kerala), Stenotortor stibhimalaya n. sp. (India: West Bengal), Kana bispinosa n. sp. (India: Tamil Nadu), K. nigropicta n. sp. (India: Kerala), Sophonia bakeri n. sp. (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh; Nepal), S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Leafhoppers and Froghoppers of Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea)
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Evans, J. W., 1966. The leafhoppers and froghoppers of Australia and New Zealand (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea). Australian Museum Memoir 12: 1–347. [31 December 1966]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.12.1966.425 ISSN 0067-1967 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, SYDNEY MEMOIR X I I The Leafhoppers and Froghoppers of Australia and New Zealand (Hornoptera: Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea) BY J. W. EVANS* Published by order of the Trustees Sydney, 1966 * 47 Bundarra Road, Bellevue Hill, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia G 2690-1 Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a book SYDNEY: V. C. N. BLIGHT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, 1966 Contents Part I BIOLOGY. DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION Page Introduction . 5 General characteristics . .. 7 Relationships with other Hornoptera . .. 8 Biology . .. 8 Plant associations . .. 8 The Australian fauna . 9 The New Zealand fauna . 10 The Faunas of New Guinea and New Caledonia Zoogeography . Distribution . Evolution . Abundance . Economic si-gnificance . Some research suggestions . Collecting methods and collections . Part I1 SYSTEMI~TICS Morphology . Characters distinguishing the Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea The Families of the Cicadelloidea . Classification . Eurymelidae . Cicadellidae . Membracidae . The Families of the Cercopoidea . Cercopoidae . Aphrophoridae . Machaerotidae . Acknowledgements . List or new names . References . List of New Zealand Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea . Index . PART I BIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION Introduction Although the insect faunas of Australia and New Zealand are of remarkable interest, there are very few works which deal in a comprehensive fashion with particular groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy-The Crucial Yet Misunderstood and Disregarded
    y & E sit nd er a v n i g d e o i r e Journal of B d f S o p l Tahseen, J Biodivers Endanger Species 2014, 2:3 e a c ISSN:n 2332-2543 r i e u s o 10.4172/2332-2543.1000128 J Biodiversity & Endangered Species DOI: Review Article Open Access Taxonomy-The Crucial yet Misunderstood and Disregarded Tool for Studying Biodiversity Qudsia Tahseen* Nematode Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India *Corresponding author: Qudsia Tahseen, Nematode Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India, Tel: 919319624196; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Mar 15, 2014, Acc date: Apr 26, 2014, Pub date: May 07, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Tahseen Q, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract This article presents a detailed overview about one of the most important yet neglected fields of science, the Taxonomy, its relevance and the various impediments faced by it in recent times. Since the period 2011-2020 has been declared the Biodiversity decade, the Convention of Biodiversity has laid major emphasis on the inventory and conservation of biodiversity. However, it is a fact that the ignorance about our faunal and floral wealth can be detrimental for our own survival. With the decline in taxonomy and the disappearance of taxonomists worldwide, we are slowly heading towards a state of uncertainty and chaos as most of our studies require an accurate identification of test organism which is not a job that anyone or everyone can do.
    [Show full text]
  • ZV-343 003-268 | Vane-Wright 04-01-2007 15:47 Page 3
    ZV-343 003-268 | vane-wright 04-01-2007 15:47 Page 3 The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island fauna1 R.I. Vane-Wright & R. de Jong With contributions from P.R. Ackery, A.C. Cassidy, J.N. Eliot, J.H. Goode, D. Peggie, R.L. Smiles, C.R. Smith and O. Yata. Vane-Wright, R.I. & R. de Jong. The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island fauna. Zool. Verh. Leiden 343, 11.vii.2003: 3-267, figs 1-14, pls 1-16.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-87-7. R.I. Vane-Wright, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; R. de Jong, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Keywords: butterflies; skippers; Rhopalocera; Sulawesi; Wallace Line; distributions; biogeography; hostplants. All species and subspecies of butterflies recorded from Sulawesi and neighbouring islands (the Sulawesi Region) are listed. Notes are added on their general distribution and hostplants. References are given to key works dealing with particular genera or higher taxa, and to descriptions and illustrations of early stages. As a first step to help with identification, coloured pictures are given of exemplar adults of almost all genera. General information is given on geological and ecological features of the area. Combi- ned with the distributional information in the list and the little phylogenetic information available, ende- micity, links with surrounding areas and the evolution of the butterfly fauna are discussed. Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Sulawesi and its place in the Malay Archipelago ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insect and Mite Pests Diversity in the Important Vegetable Crops Ecosystems in Bangladesh
    Insect and Mite Pests Diversity in the Important Vegetable Crops Ecosystems in Bangladesh G.P. Das, Ph.D. IUCN-The World Conservation Union Bangladesh Country Office June 2004 UICN Bibliothaque CH - 11 96 Gland The materials in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made. IUCN Bangladesh would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication, which uses this document as a source. Foreword The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Biodiversity or, the diversity of life has qlways fascinated people everywhere. It constitutes the outcome of the evolutionary processes of living organisms. This publication may not be resold or used for any other commercial purpose without the prior written permission of IUCN Bangladesh. The numbers of the flora and the fauna and their diversities increased geometrically through perhaps 2.5 billion years, proliferating by biological Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office processes, and controlled by natural selection, filling almost every habitable IUCN ecological niche all around us. Biodiversity, also called "natural capital" consists flt WN1• Ctwrl1l111 l1ln of every form of life from microbes to the mightiest beasts and the gigantic Copyright: © 2004, IUCN-The World Conservation Union trees. Bangladesh with her warm and humid climate is very rich in biodiversity Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non­ including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, marine and freshwater commercial purposes is authorized without prior written species, angiosperms, soil organisms, insects, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Yong Jung Kwon, Eun Yeop Huh and Sang Jae Suh Dept
    2018년 한국곤충학회2020년 한국곤충학회 20202018년도년 한국곤충학회한국곤충학회추계정기심포지엄학술논문 발표대회 추계 학술논문 발표대회정기심포지엄 Taxonomic revision of the leafhopper tribe Nirvanini Baker from Korea (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Jin Hyung KWON1,2, Sang Jae SUH2, and Yong Jung KWON2 1 Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. 2 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. Abstract Genus Oniella Matsumura, 1912 The leafhopper tribe Nirvanini Baker, 1923 is revised taxonomically comprising three genera and three respective species from Korea: Nirvana placida (Stål, 1859), Oniella koreana (Matsumura, 1915), and 2. Oniella koreana (Matsumura, 1915) Sophonia orientalis (Matsumura, 1912). Among them, the synonymic status with reinstated validity for the Nirvana koreana Matsumura, 1915, Trans. Sapp. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 156, 171, 183 (Korea). second species is discussed herein. The third one has been treated as an exotic invasive leafhopper introduced to Europe and USA. Descriptions, illustrations of morphological features and keys to the Korean General coloration pale yellow to whitish yellow, with dark pattern traceable only on forewings. Head narrow nirvanine taxa of the present tribe are provided respectively. roundly produced apically; vertex slightly longer than wide between eyes mesally. Pronotum conclorous and Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae, taxonomy, morphology, identification, invasive species. about as wide as head. Forewings with three dark oblique stripes on costal area distally, with
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad De Cicadélidos Y Clastoptéridos (Hemiptera) En Tres Zonas Productoras De Café Afectadas Por Xylella Fastidiosa Wells Et Al
    436 July - August 2008 CROP PROTECTION Diversidad de Cicadélidos y Clastoptéridos (Hemiptera) en Tres Zonas Productoras de Café Afectadas por Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. en Costa Rica JERSON GARITA-CAMBRONERO1, WILLIAM VILLALOBOS1, CAROLINA GODOY2 Y CARMEN RIVERA1, 3 1Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular; 2 Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología 3Facultad de Microbiología. Univ. de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica Neotropical Entomology 37(4):436-448 (2008) Hemipteran Diversity (Cicadellidae and Clastopteridae) in Three Coffee Production Zones Affected by Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) in Costa Rica ABSTRACT - A survey was conducted during 2002, 2003 and 2004 to determine the leafhopper species composition, abundance, richness, diversity, evenness, occurrence and fl ight activity among three coffee production zones of Costa Rica. Yellow sticky traps were used to qualify and quantify the number of aerial leafhoppers during the sampling period. A total of 82,500 individuals, belonging to 139 species within nine leafhopper subfamilies, were trapped. San Isidro de León Cortés site presented the highest diversity from the three surveyed sites. Twenty fi ve species were frequently trapped at least in one of the studied zones, and only Coelidiana sp.1, Osbornellus sp.1, Scaphytopius sp.1 and Empoasca sp. were trapped throughout the sampling period. The fl ight activity of the taxa that contain the main vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. showed differences among the sampling zones. KEY WORDS: Auchenorrhyncha, leafhopper, fl ight activity RESUMEN - Se realizó un estudio durante los años 2002, 2003 y 2004, con el fi n de determinar la composición, la abundancia, riqueza, diversidad, equidad, ocurrencia y fl uctuación temporal de las especies de saltahojas en tres zonas productoras de café de Costa Rica.
    [Show full text]