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The Literature

of the -"United -.States,

An anthology and a history

Volume I From the Colonial Period through the Arnerican Renaissance

Walter Blair - --.__ Professor of Elgltrh, Un rcra:'y of Ch~wgo

Theodore Hornberger Prolojor of Engltrh, Unuarrilv 04 Terar ,,-. . . . ,

Randall Stewart P

SCOTT FORESMAN and COMPANY Chicago Atlanta Dallas New York COPYKJCHT.1946, by Scocr, Foreman and Company

ILLUSTRATED BY Gregory Odoff, Helen Noel, and Rrinton Turkle PREFACE 1 'FJ

On American Literature Tohy

When the three of us first mer to plan Tbr Lilrr,ttnrc of women who arc pssing rhrongh college cl~jsrwmsare the U?ii:ed SZ~IIC.~,(.;ern;;in armies \\.ere plishing c..~stwsrd wing to need all the strength of character, all the hu- across Soviet Russia, and Roosevelt and Ch~~rchillhad rniliry and nilerance and hurnur, all rile intelligence which jusr issued the staterneat ntrw farntu~sas the Atlantic they c:m mubter. We think tl~atAmerican literarute can Charter. lhring che intervening years, like other Ameri- be of help. To generalize 1s dangerous, but wc arc pretty c~~swe 11ave cherished rhe hope which that Chxrter sure that students will not find American writers cut to expressed-for a peace "wlrich will atford KO all nalions any single pattern. The literature of our country has the mars of dwelling in safery within their c~w~rbound been w:itren by ~nhabiriurtsof many different localiries, aries, and \vllich will adord assurance that all thc mc-n in represcntativcs of many different levels of wciery, prod- all ~IICIJIIJS my live out their lives in freedo~nfrom ucrs of many different racial, religious. and occuparional fcar rt~ld want." Today it is clmret than ever that if this influences. Arner~canwriters are not agreed on any one hope is to be rranslatd into Instirig re.sl~ty,it wiU have way to salvation, any one philosophy, my single enrplana- ro be by the will and inrclligencc arlcl i~lternatii>rlal tion of this puzzling worlJ. Bur they have told of finding understanding of pe.ice-loving peoples of all dlt. r~ations. l~fewell worch the Ilvlug, these IJnited Stares full of Sorne may fed rhar rhis is an in~pproj~rii1:etilllc to good ftxd, good fun, good ~hnughts,and good people insist upon the irnp)rt:,nce to Americans of their narion~l They have nevrr bel~evedri~ar pcople should be shot for literature. Wc should fccl so ourselves if we believed thar political reasons, or that the world cannot be improved the literature of the IJnired States is narrowly narional- by tireless appl~cationof intelligence 'There is nothing istic. It dtxs not seem so to us. We think, on the corlrr:try, to fear but fear" is a typically American attitude. that Americans car\ best dixharjie their heavy responsi- We hope thsc something of this splrit will be absorbed bilities in the years ahead by rciognizing more fully tiian from rhis book We realize, however, that Amaricnn ever bcforc the richncss of their he;itage. The literature literature may he taught, and taught well, in many differ- of this nation is. in out jt~tigrncnr,a hum:tnizing rather ent ways. Both in the selecrions and in the editorial than a chauvinistic force-the record of the ideals and apparatus, we have tried to provide the materials for strughrles of many peoples who have heconlc one people different kinds of courses or a course with several em- and ~.hohave, despite frequent serhacks ;~ndfailures, phases-the chronologic..il survey, the careful analysis battled with inspiring persistence for thc principle of of the work of major auchors, the study of literary types, "qua1 and cxacr justice to all men, of whatcvcr state or and the examination of the development of significant persuasion, religious or politic-al." Americanism, irl the ideas. Our guiding belief hs been chat although limited best sense of the worJ, nccds r,o apology; Americans fields of study and spcclalized approaches are desiuble carulot but hope that they sre on the threshold of an era in texts m be used in advanced courses, an introciuctory in which rhc principles of democracy urill he rcinforcd text fails unless it shows the great range of the riches of at home and extended abroad. Nothing less can justify our literacure and the several wlys of appreciating bese the years c f gbbal war. riches. As teacp~rsof lirerature, we do nor pretend to know Hence che sekcliarrt are comprehensive The writers all the answers to the questions which the future will intluJrd amply represent the whole range of American pose. I,r is obvious, however, thar the young men and literary history, from rhe colonid period down to the

iii prcsent day. Major authors are given generous spdce, but T. H. (ThsorZora llwtibsrgcr;: Tho- Hmiot, the more interesting minor writers have not been neg- John Witubrop, George Also$, IY'ilIbn Rarttm, lected. Complete works have been given preference over Thomas Sheprrfd, Roger Willrmr. Cotton Ma~h#, unillumlnating excerpts. Particular care has been taken Jonutban Llcuard~, Chales Chauncy, Benjamin to include folklore, humor, the drama, and r11e novel, all Franklin, Mlchcl Guilluirtne St. lean De Creuecocur, of which are often subordinated in anthologies to thc John V'ool?ww, John Admts, Jntr~bunRoucher, more mamgmtlc essays, poems, and short stories. In Thomas P&w, Tborm leffcr~an,Akxfider Hom- addition to primarily artistic literq works, this kook iltola, George Warbingron, H. H. Bruckenridgc, indudes numerous exmplc~of utilitarian types st~chAS Andrrw ]actson, Willium Elhry Chmniag, Pe~er the sermon and the political mct. Throughout, however, Car~itrighr,Philip Fraearr, Trmothy Dwight, Joel we have tried to indude only work Likcly to have lasting Dcrrloru, Wdl1i.m. Cxllen Bryant, Rojdl Tyler, Vah- literary interest and value. ington Irving, James Fenimorr Cooper, Caroline Hcnce, also, the approaches to these writings are varied Marildd Kirktnd. Chronoiogical tables and introductory chapters on "Intel- R. S. (RudaIl Stwar!): Wiifutn Brdfwd, Smn- lecnal Currenrs" in the six periods of our pIan zre de- ttel Stwd, Anne Brdtreer, Educrrd Tqlor, Rdpb signed ro indicate the intimate relationship between Waldo Ernerron, Henry Dad Thoreau, NatBrtlsid American lircrilture and American history. Biographies Hwtborne, Herman Melilille, John Peudlston Ken- of indiv~dualauthors and occasional ~nuwductoryuotes nedy, WiUia718 Gihore Simms. suggcsr how a knowledge of the writer's l~fecan often add to the interest and understanding of a particular The illustrative material is intcrldcd to aid materially selection. Seaions on "Literary Trends" and numerous in showing studencs how captivating our literamre has anaiycicd notes ernphilsize che importance of the study ken throughout its history. A drcailed consideration of of literary forms, techniques, and valm. the sources of the illustrations and the work of the anisrs Although we havc consciously sought to emphasize follows rhis preface. variety, we have not ignored the desirability of coherence. Some of our many debts to the work of scholars in the By frequent conferences and by correspondence we have field of American literature are acknowltciged in the sought ways and means of integrating the history of introductions and notes. Since we have avoided burdening ideas, the history of forms, the biographies, the selections, the student with too large a mass of scholarly citations, and the notes. We nre jointly responsible for dye plan we add here our gned appreciation nf the large con- of the book as a whole, and for what we hope will be tribution to r>ur interprctations and criticism by our found a satisfactory unification of enormously varied fellow-workers. American literary schohrship is rela- materials. tively new, but it is growing rapidly and &mdy bulks To indicate our individual responsibility, however, we large in the prcpardtion of ,any such book as chis. Here have initialed the intrductory chapters, and we are in- and there, we trust our work has ndlied to its store of dividually responsible for the biographies, inrroductions, facts and gmeralizations. texts, and nores as follows: In addition rhcre havc been munrless conferences, Ictten, telephone calls between our publish= and our- Volume I selves s we havc settled the many adjustments, big and W.B (Wdtw Illam): John Smith, Sarah Kmzble little, in the preparation of the manuscript. We feel, in Knight. William Byrd, SmueI Pererr, Sqeu of /he short, chat The Literature of the IJnztm' Stares is some. Revolution, lianna5 Porrer, Richard Henry Wilde, thing more than ~nothfftexrbmk. For us it has been a Samuel Woodworth, Robert WeyThornas, Morgm cobperative venture engaged in by many hands, many h'rt>ilIe,Fdgar Alkzn Pnc, Ifenry Wdrwortb Lon#- pairs of eyes, and many minds. fellow, Oliv~Wedall ffo!mss, Jdmos Russell Lou,- WALTER BLAIR ell, Seba Smirb, CharZes Augustus Dirz~ir,Singers of THEODORE HDRNBPRGER tbe Wcst. RANDALL SWART ILLUSTRATIONS

Lives and Times ifi Pi~tures

The literature of the United Statcs has been created by whose writing seemed to have a commori background, uirn and womcn living in a rcal wurld-a world of regional or stylistic, or a common mural, polirical, or nature, c~ftowns and cities, of hnmes. To apprehend this artistic purpose. fact is very imlmrtant if the student is rcdly to know The smaller drawings falling within the body of and to appreciare American 1irer:urure. Yet the earliest the selections are the work of lirrm NOEI.("H, N.") authtrrs ;~ndcvcn %)meof our contemp>raries mq easily and werc planned to point up details and to give a becorrie remote from the student's unrierstanding. TO fceling for the life of the \.arioi~s periods. Particular brir~gcloscr to the rcadcr the men and women who empllasi~has been pL~cedon d~ehornes and surround- wrocc and the rimes in which they have lived, we have ings of the authors, the places about which rhey wrote, adoptd a progrnm invt~lving rhe extensive use of in- the particulars of the bckground of their everyday Lves. rcrpretative illustrations. F~chchapter is inrrulucecl by s two-page panorama Realizing that these illustrations wo~rLlbe worrhIess which we hope will give ;I gencrd piccure of America's if rhey were not authcntic, we have spent hours in de~elopmentin the span of years covered in the chap- research and rhc careful study of dctail, to assure their ter. These two-page dritw~ngshave been done by BRIN- accuracy, The nrrists, sharing our xal for accuracy, ION TURKLB("B. T.") In them are found illustrations have bcvn equally carrful: :it rimes rhey have made of the architecrure, the costume rhe mil~raryractia, cxrcnsive revisions in order ro include nnly aurl-~tntic the polrt~calI~fe, the transporratlon, and the industrial marerials and in order to keep the drawings consistent and territorial expamion of each period. with the book as n whole. In adilirion, they llavc shown In striving further for aurhent~cpictorial material grciut skill, me believe, in working these many derails helghten~ng the interest of the literature, we hove into comp~sitionsdisrinp,uisheci for their artistry. supplemented the work of our present-day artists with The illustrarians designed and created especially for direct reproductio~ls of contemporaneous illustmtions Tbs Li~erurrrreo/ the I!ni:erb Stizter arc of three cypcs. of certain American writings. Such iUusrr;~c~onsas those Thc lives and rimes of rlir major authors incluJecl in the by Augustus Hoppin for Lowell's "The Cournn'" and book have hecn illustrnted in "panels" by GREGORY by Felix 0. C. hley for Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" 0~1.0~1:("G. 0.") The m.lretia1 in these drawings has and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," which have long its so~irce in nuthentic hisrorical d~uments,portraits, enhanced the reader's underst:~ndingand enjoyment of views of landscapes, of sertlernenrs, towrrs, nnd citics, the literamre, appear here. Where we have thought and (now and then i illuctracions from carly ditiuns of them to be of particulnr interesr, facsimiles of signa- works. Orher panels are devoted not to single authors tures, origind manuscripts, or trclc pages have also but ro the schwls that have been recognized ill the or- been included ganization of this book-the groups of men and women A complete catalog~~eof the illusuations folIows. (A description bt the details in each of the biographical SOCIAL COMMENTATORS (G.0,). The portrait 01 and school panels is given in a footnote on the page where Crivecoeur appeared in an edition of his works the panel appears. Contemporary sources have been used published in France in 1786...... 2E3 throughout, and are indicated in detail wherever they are American farm, late 1700's (H.N.). After a contem- of unusual interest.) porary print...... 297 John Woolman (H.N.), from a contemporary sketch.. 304 The English Coionies-tiistorical spread (B.T.). . Reading counterclockwise: Colonial forcer in the French and Indian War Map of the principal THE REVOLUTION (G.0,)...... 308 colonial settlements Colonial costume Ben- Revolutionary musket, sword, and drum (H.N.). The jamin Franklin in England * Independence Hall * "Join, or Die" device was created by Franklin; the Stagecoach Settler's cabin, typical of the earliest snake's head represenfs New Englcnd; the other colonial architecture...... 1 parts, the other colonies...... 322 326 EXPLORERS AND COLONISTS (G.O.]. Portraits and Thomas Poine-a biographical panel (G.O.)...... view from contemporary prints., ...... 57 Jefferson's sketch for his tombstonc, and the inscription The Wiroan, from the drawing by John White, en- suggested by him...... 351 graved by Theodore Dc Bry in 1590...... 61 Interior of Monticello (H.N.)...... 357 Their Manner of Prainge with Rattles obowte te Fyre --another drawing by White, engraved by De Bry 64 STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL STABILITY (G.O.], ...... 363 Madam Winthrop's wedding room (H.N.). After a Autograph of George Woshington...... 373 contemporary drawing...... 93 Teague O'Regan, after a drawing by Felix 0. C. Dar- Kitchen effects of the colonial period (H.N.)...... 96 ley, 1846 (H.N.)...... 3E8 William Byrd-a biographical panel (G.O.)...... 104 First draft (largely in Jefferson's handwriting] of the The Frogs of Windham, after the wood engraving in Declaration of Independence...... 395 the 1829 cdition of Peters' General History of Con- necticut (H.N.]...... , ...... 115 DEIST, UNITARIAN, REVIVALIST (G.O.)...... 408 John Bortram's house, birthplace of Wi:liom Bartram Reverend William Ellery Chonnitig's church, Federal (H.N.) ...... 120 Street, Boston (H.N.)...... 425 John Bortram's study (H.N.)...... 123 Autograph of Peter Cartwright...... 433

NEW WORLD DIVINES (G.O.)...... 127 POETS OF THE AMERICAN SCENE (G.O.). The mail Cotton Mother4 biogrcphical panel (G.O.). The stage is drawn from a notice for the Boston, Plym- portrait is the Pclham portrait, 1727...... 144 outh, and Sandwich stage, 1810...... 436 A colonial fireplace, showing typical firearms and Coty-dids (H.N.)...... 449 household uterisils (W.N.)...... 151 New England village [H.N.)...... 456 Jonothon Edwards- biographical panel (G.O.). ... 160 Reverend Ctiarles Chouncy's church, the old "First William Cullen Bryont-a biogriphical panel (G.O.) Church of Boston" (H.N.)...... 186 "Monument Mountain" is based on Emanuel Leutze's engraving for the 1849 edition of Bryant's Poemr The portrait is from a miniature by Stibble, now NEW ENGLAND POETS (G.O.)...... 189 in the New York Histaricol Society...... 464 The New Republic-Historic01 spread (B.T.). Read- Bryont's home, Roslyn, Long Island [H.N.)...... 487 ing counterclockwise: Bank of Philadelphia - Costume and furniture of the Federal period SENTIMENTALISTS (G.O.). "Eliza Wharton" The Batlle of Monmouth Conestoga wagon is adapted from the frootispiece of the 1831 edition The United States in 1829 Flatboat on the Mis- of The Coquette.. 488 sissippi ...... 201 ...... Elizo Wharton's tombstone-from the 1797 edition of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN-- biographical panel (G.O.) 243 The Coquette...... 495 No. 7 Craven Street, Franklin's London residence (H.N.) ...... 274 EARLY PORTRAYERS OF AMERICAN TYPES (G.O.). . , 499 t-louse in which Franklin lived at Passy, after a sketch A keel boat on the Mississippi (H.N.), after an illus- by Victor Hugo (H.N.1...... V9 tration in The Crockett Almanac, 1838...... 503 "I feel chock-full OF fight,-do you wont to kill the "If I am no! worth the wooing, 1 surely om not worth colonel?-" (H.N.), after the frontispiece of The the winning1"-an illustration by George H. Bough- Contrast (1790)...... 536 ton for the 1879 edition of The Courtship of Miles Standish ...... 786 WASHINGTON IRVlNGa biogrophicol panel Oliver Wendell Holmes--a biogrophicol ponel IG.0.J 809 (G.O.). The Alharnbra is based on a drawing by J. 0, Smillie "The Lovers," from "Bracebridge The Landlady's daughter4n illustration by Augustus Hall," was originally drawn by C. H. Schmolze, 1858 533 Hoppin for the 1858 edition of The Autocrol of the Breokfast Table...... 819 ". ..continually dinning in his ears about his idleness ...."--drown by Felix 0.C. Darley, in lllustralions The young fellow whom they ccll John-another of of Rip Van Winkle (18481...... 561 Hoppin's illus!rations for The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table...... 823 ". .. talking listlessly. ..teliing endless sleepy stories." Also from Dorley's Illustrotions of Rip Van Winkle 563 James Russell Lowell--a biogrophicol punel (G.O.). "Birdofredum Sawin" is adopted from the drawing "He beheld something huge, misshapen ... towering by George Cruikshank in the London edition of The .. ."--drown by Darley, in illustrations of the Leg- Biglow Papers (1859) "Sir Launfoll and the leper" end of Sleepy Hollow (1849)...... 581 is based on an illustration by S. Eytinge, Jr., 1867.. 832

JAMES FENIMORE COOPER4 biogrophicol panel "Zekle crep' up quite unbeknown ..."-from the [G.O.) Felix 0. C. Dorley illustrated The Pilot original drawings by Hoppin for a version of "The 11859) and The Pathfinder (1871) The statue of Courtin"' which appeared in Horper'a Weekly, thc Indian Hunter morks the site of the original October 25, 1858...... 859 Cooper home, Otsego Hall, which was destroyed "To see my Ma?She's sprinklin' clo'es Agin to-morrer's by fire...... 584 ianin'."4rown by Hoppin for Harper's Weekly.. 859 The Leather-Stocking's cabin.-drawn by Darley for "An' ... Wal, he up an' kist her."-drown by Hoppin The Pioneers 11859)...... 590 for Harper's Weekly...... 860 'Natty ...passed his knife ocross the throat of the THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS animal .. ."-Darley's illustration for The Pioneers 621 Ralph Waldo Emerson-a biographical panel (G.0,) 872 ". ..the old hunter landed, and examined the thongs ..."-Darley, from The Pioneers...... 623 Henry David Thoreaw biographical panel [G.O.) 938 The prisoners, by Darley, from The Pioneers...... 639 Wolden Pond in summer {H.N.)...... 978 Nathaniel Hawthorne--a biographicol ponel (G.O.) 980 EDGAR ALLAN FOE4 biogrophicol ponel (G.O.]. . 645 Rappoccini's garden (H.N.] ,1039 Ligeio [H.N.]...... 674 ...... Opening poragrophs of Poe's original manuscript of DOWN EAST HUMORISTS [G.O.)...... I055 "The Murders in the Rue EAorgue". 676 ...... Jack shaking hands for the President-drown by Dream-Land (H.N.) ...... 704 Augustus Hoppin for the 1859 edition of My Thirty Yeorr out of the Senate...... ,1057 The Raven (H.N.] ...... 707 The unutterable disoppointrnent at Downingville---by Hoppin ...... I059 The American Renaissance-Historical spread [B.T.) Reading cnunterclockwise: One of the fomous HERMAN MELVILLE4 biographical panel (G.0.)...I064 clipper ships of early American commerce In- terior of the House of Representatives * The Capitol "We traversed many of these southern vales." (H.N.). 1075 building The storming of Chapultcpec * The United Stoles in 1860 * Railrood carriages of the NOVELISTS OF THE OLD SOUTH (G.O.)...... 11 16 mid-nineteenth century...... 710 MOVERS WESTWARD [G.O.)...... I149 THE BRAHMINS "Her album. .. was resplendent in gold ond sotin. .. ." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow-a biographical ponel (H.N.) ...... I155 (G.O.J. "Hiowatha's Wedding Journey" is one of Sweet Betsy from Pike [music)...... I158 a series of paintings by J. L. G. Ferris illustrating scenes from Longfellow's works...... 770 Hell in Texas (music)...... I160

vii The Literature of tire United States

TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I

The Eng lzrh Culonier

HISTORICAL INTERCHAPT ER r. WILLIAM BYRD ...... 103 ' from The Secret History of the Line ...... 105 Intellectual Currents ...... 2 - . ... from The History of the Dividing Line Literary Trends 30 ...... 106 Chronological Table of Literature and History ..... 46 An Aristocrat Describes Lubberland ...... A Progress to the Mines...... 110 Explorers and Calonlsts SAMUEL PETERS ...... I13 THOMAS HARIOT ...... 57 from General History of Connec!icvt from A Briefe and True Roport of the Birds and Tree.Frogs ...... 114 New Found Land of V~rginia The Frogs of Windham ...... 115 Of the Nature and Manners of the People ...... 59 Hebron ...... 116 The Conclusion ...... 63 +. JOHN SMITH ...... 65 L..WILLIAM BARTRAM ...... 117 ; from Travels ...... 118 .... from . A Description of New England .r Motives for Colonizing ...... 66 -. from The Generoll Historie of Virg~nla Pocahantos ...... 69 New World Dlvines WILLIAM BRADFORD ...... 73 THOMAS SHEPARD ...... 127 from . The History of Plymouth Plantation from . The Sincere Convert ...... 128 Thc 9 . Chop ...... 74 ROGER WILLIAMS 136 &* JOHN WINTHROP ...... 80 ...... - from . The History of New England ...... 81 from . The Bloudy Tonent ...... 138 The Answer of Mr . John Cotton ...... 140 SAMUEL SEWALL ...... 89 A Reply to the Aforesaid Answer ...... 140 .... from the . Diary ...... 90 GEORGE ALSOP ...... 97 ','. COTTON MATHER ...... 143 from A Charactcr of the Prov~nccof ,from . The Wonders of the Invisible World Mary-lond ...... 97 The Trial of Bridget Bishop ...... 146 - from a Magnolia Christi Americono \ SARAH KEMBLE KNIGHT ...... 100 Natus Ad Exemplar ...... 150 . - from . The Journals from . Curiosa Americana ...... 155 Life in Connecticut ...... 101 I. from . Monuductio ad Ministeriurn ...... 157

viii - ;QNATHAN EDWARDS ...... 159 To my Dear ond loving Husband ...... 191 Personal Norra!ive ...... 162 Verres upon the burning of her house ...... 191 Of Being ...... 169 ,The Flesh and the Spirit ...... 192 ,A Divine ond Supcrnoturo light ...... 172 from Freedom of the Will EDWARD TAYLOR ...... 194 - Corrcerning the Notion of Liberty. from Gad's Determinations ond of Moral Agency ...... 182 The Glory of ond Grace in the Church Set Out .... 195 .The Joy df Church Fellowship Rightly Attended .... 195 CHARLES CHAUNCY ...... 184 from . Seosonabie Thoughts on the State of -Huswifery ...... 196 Religion in New.Englancl ...... 185 from Sacramental Meditations The Ew~erience...... 196 Meditation Eight ...... 197 New England Poets Meditation Twenty ...... 197 ' ANNE BRADSTREET ...... 189 Meditation Sixty. Second Series ...... 198 In reference to her Children ...... 190 Meditation One Hundred and Ton. Second Series .. 199

The New Republi

HlSTQRiCAL INTERCHAPTER Chopter Ill ...... 304 Intellectual Currents ...... 202 from A Plea for the Poor Literary Trends ...... 219 Chapter I...... 306 Chronoiogicol Table of Literature and History ..... 236 Chapter II ...... 307

Franklin The Revolution BENJAMIN FRANKLIN...... 243 from the Autobiography ...... 245 JOHN ADAMS ...... 307 from Novanglus The Way to Wealth ...... 264 Addressed to thc lnhobitcnts o! the Colony of Letter to Sir John Pringle ...... 269 Massochuzetts Roy ...... 309 Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Smali One ...... 271 JONATHAN BOUCHER...... 313 An Edict by the King of Prussia ...... 275 from A View of the Causes and Consequences The Ephemera ...... 278 of the American Revolution ...... 314 Dialogue Between Franklin and the Gout ...... 280 SINGERS OF THE REVOLUTION ...... 320 Social Commentators Yankee Doodle ...... 321 Nathan Hole ...... 322 MICHELGUILLAUME ST . JEAN DE CR~VECOEUR.... 283 The Bottle of the Kegs ...... 323 from Letters from on American Former ...... 285 The Epilogue ...... 325 from Sketches of Eighteenth Century America The Americon Belisorius ...... 289 THOMAS PAINE ...... 326 Common Sense ...... 328 JOHN WOOLMAN ...... 298 Introduction ...... 329 from The Journal and Essays of John Woolmon On the Origin and Design of Government ...... 329 Chapter I ...... 299 Of Monarchy and Hereditary Succession ...... 332 Thoughts on the Present State of Ame;i:an Affcirs .. 336 TIMOTHY DWIGHT ...... 450 Of the Present Ability of America ...... 344 Columbia. Columbia. to Glory Arise ...... 451 from The American Crisis from Greenfield Hill Number I ...... 349 The Flourishing Villoge ...... 452 [ THOMAS JEFFERSON ...... JOEL BARLOW ...... 457 i from Autobiography ...... The Hasty Pudding ...... 458 A Declaration by the Representatives of the 1 United States of America ...... WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT ...... 464 I Thanatopsis ...... 466 Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood ...... 467 Struggle for Potitlcat Stobillty To a Waterfowl ...... 468 A Forest Hymn ...... 468 ALEXANDER HAMILTON ...... 363 I Cannot Forget With What Fervid Devotion ..... 470 1 from The Federalist A Meditation on Rhode Island Cool ...... 471 No. I...... 365 To Cole, the Painter. Departing for Europe ...... 472 i No. XXlll ...... 367 The Proirics ...... 473 No. LXIX ...... 369 Earth ...... 475 The Antiquity of Freedom ...... 476 GEORGE WASHINGTON ...... "Oh Mother of a Mighty Racc" ...... 477 Farewell Address ...... Robert of Lincoln ...... 478 The Poet ...... 479 HUGH HENRY BRACKENRIDGE ... The Flood of Years ...... d80 from Modern Chivalry from Lectures on Poetry Chap. Ill ...... On the Nature of Poetry ...... 482 Chap . IV ...... Chap . V ...... Sentimentalists I THOMAS JEFFERSON I ...... First lnougurol Address ...... HANNAH FOSTER ...... 488 Second Inaugural Address ..... from . The Coquette ANDREW JACKSON ...... Letter LXV ...... 489 Letter LXVI 490 Farewell Address ...... Letter LXVll ...... 492 Lettor LXVlll ...... 495 Deist. Unitarian. Revivalist RICHARD HENRY \YILDE ...... 496 THOMAS PAINE ...... 408 The Lament of the Captive ...... 497 from The Age of Reason ...... 408 SAMUEL WOODWORTH ...... 497 WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING ...... 416 The Old Oaken Bucket ...... 498 Unitarian Christianity ...... 417 PETER CARTWRIGHT ...... 430 Early Portrayers of American Types from the Autobiogrophy ...... 431 ROBERT BAILEY THOMAS ...... 498 from * The Farmer's Almanack ...... 499 Poets of the American Scene MORGAN NEVILLE ...... 502 The Last of the Boatmen ...... 503 PHILIP FRENEAU ...... 436 The Power of Fancy ...... 438 ROYALL TYLER ...... 508 George the Third's Soliloquy ...... 440 The Contrast ...... 509 On the Mernoroble Victory ...... 441 To the Memory ...... 443 The Wild Honey Suckle...... 444 Irving The Indian Burying.Ground ...... 445 Lines by H. Salem, On His Return from Calcutta ... 445 WASHINGTON IRVING ...... 538 On Passing by an Old Church.Yard ...... 446 from A History of New York By Stanzas to an Alien ...... 617 Diedrich Knickerbocker To a Caty.Did ...... 618 Book IV. Containing the Chronicles of the - On the Uniformtty and Perfection of Nature ...... 449 Reign of William the Testy ...... 540 Book V. Containing the First Part of the The Fall of the House of Usher ...... 656 Reign of Peter Stuyvesant ...... 544 Ligeia ...... 6M Book V1. Containing the Second Part of the The Murders in the Rue Morgue ...... 675 Reign of Peter the Headstrong ...... 547 The Masque of the Red Death ...... 692 from 'The Sketch Book The Cask of Amontillado ...... 695 The Author's Account of Himself ...... 557 . Romance ...... 699 Rip Van Winkle ...... 559 . Sonnet-To Science ...... 699 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ...... 569 . To Helen ...... 699 The City in the Sea ...... 700 Cooper lsrafel ...... 701 JAMES FENIMORE COOPER ...... 584 The Coliseum ...... 702 Thc Pioneers ...... 586 To One in Paradise ...... 703 Sonnet-Silence ...... 203 Po0 Dream-Land ...... 703 EDGAR ALLAN POE ...... 644 The Raven ...... 705 Review of "Twice-Told Tales" ...... 646 Ulalume ...... 707 The Philosophy of Composition ...... 650 Eldorado ...... 709

The Amerzcan Renaz~~unce

HISTORICAL INTERCHAPTER The Ballad of the Oysterman ...... 810 My Aunt 811 712 ...... Intellectual Currents ...... The Last Leaf ...... 812 Literary Trends ...... 741 The Deacon's Mastcrp~ecc...... 813 765 Chronological Table of Literature and History ..... The Chambered Nau~ilus...... 814 The Boys ...... 815 The Brahmins Hymn of Trust ...... 816 from The Autocrat of the 0reokfast.Toble ...... 816 HENRY WADSWORTHLONGFELLOW ...... no from Mechanism in Thought and Morals ...... 825 A Psalm of Life ...... 771 Hymn to the Night ...... 772 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL ...... 831 The Skeleton in Armor ...... 772 To the Dandelion ...... 833 The Slave's Dream ...... 775 from A Fable for Critics ...... 834 The Rainy Day ...... 776 from The Biglow Papers. First Series The Bridge ...... 776 No. 1, A Letter ...... 841 The Arrow and the Song ...... 777 No. Ill. What Mr. Robinson think^...... 844 The Jewish Cemetery at Newport ...... 777 No. VIII. A Second Letter from B. Sawin. Esq ...... 845 My Lost Youth ...... 778 from Keats ...... 849 The Courtship of Miles Stondish ...... 780 A Review of "The Courtship of Miles Standish Divina Cornmedia ...... 802 and Other Poems" ...... 851 Morituri Salvtarnus ...... 803 Emerson the Lecturer ...... 853 Sleep ...... 807 from The Biglow Papers, Second Series Jugurtha ...... 808 The Courtin'...... 858 The Tide Rises, the Tide Fails ...... 808 Sunthin' in the Pastoral Line ...... 860 OLIVER WENDELL HOMES ...... 808 Ode Recited at the Haward Commemoration .... 865 Old Ironsides ...... 810 Auspex ...... 871 ..' The Transcendentalists CHARLES AUGUSTUS DAVIS ...... 1060 from Letters of J . Downing, Major ...... 1061 1 RALPH WALDO EMERSON ...... The American Scholar...... The Divinity School Address ...... r Melville ? Self-Retionce ...... ! The Poet ...... Plato; or. The Philosopher ...... HERMAN MELVILLE ...... 1063 The Rhodora...... from Mardi Each and All ...... Chapter CLVIII. They Visif the Great Contral Concord Hymn ...... Temple of Vivenza ...... 1066 The Problem ...... Chapter CLXI. They Hearken unto a Voice The Snow-Storm ...... from the Gods ...... 1069 Grace ...... Chapter CUII. They Visit the Extreme South of Merlin ...... Vivenza ...... 1073 Bacchus ...... 932 Ode Inscribed to W . H . Channing ...... 933 Benito Cereno ...... 1076 Hamatreyo ...... 934 Give All to Love ...... 935 Days ...... 936 Novellsk of the Old South Brahma ...... 936 Terminus ...... 937 JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY ...... 1115 from Swallow Barn HENRY DAVID THOREAU ...... 938 Chapter I. Swallow Barn ...... 1117 Civil Disobedience ...... 940 Chapter II. A Country Gentlernon ...... 1118 from . Wolden Chapter XXXIII. The Dinner Table ...... 1121 Where I Lived. and What 1 Lived For...... 951 from The Journals ...... 959 WILLIAM GICMORE SIMMS ...... 1130 from The Forayers Walking ...... 961 Chapter XLIII. The Frog Concert and Campaign. ..1131 Prayer ...... 976 Chapter XLV. Doings in the Apollo Chamber...... 1136 Rumors from on Kolian Harp ...... 976 Tha Summer Rain ...... 977 Smoke ...... 977 Movers Westward Inspiration ...... 978 Though All the Fates ...... 979 CAROLINE MATILDA KIRKLAND ...... 1149 from A New Home-Who'll Follow? Hawthorne Chopto XXVII ...... 1151 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE ...... 980 SINGERS OF THE WEST ...... 1156 The Gentle Boy ...... 982 The Wolverine's Song ...... 1156 The Minister's Block Veil ...... 997 Ohl Susanna ....' ...... 1157 The Celestial Railroad ...... 1004 Sweet Betsy from Pike ...... 1158 The Artist of the Beautiful ...... 1013 Hell in Texas ...... 1160 Rappaccini's Daughter ...... 1025 The Old Manse ...... 1040 Acknowledgments ...... 1162 Preface to "The House of the Seven Gablas" ...... 1053 Index of First Lines ...... 1163 General Index ...... 1165 Down East Humorlsts SEBA SMITH ...... 1054 from . My Thirty Years Out of the Senate Major Downing Shakes Hands for the President ...I056 Two details in editorial procedure require explanation: Major Downing Describes the Visii of the 1) The text of each selection is. in !he ludgment of the President at Boston ...... 1057 editors. tho best available . The text has been specified. The President and the Rest of 'Em Turn a however. only when thcre has been some problem about Short Corner at Concord ...... 1058 the version to be adopted .2) The first date following Cousin Nabby Describes the Unutterable each selection is that of comporifion; the second date is Disappointment at Downingville ...... 1058 that of publicotion. xii

The Literature

of the ---.United - Stater!+

An anthology and a history

Volume II From the Civil War to the Present

Walter &.b Profsuor d English, Univhty of

Theodore Hornberger Profaror of &ti&, Uhivaniw of Minnado

Randall Stewart Profwor of Enolish. Bmwn Uniwrdly

SCOTT FORESMAN and COMPANY Chicago Atlanta Dallas * New York COPYRIGHT, 1947, by Scott, Foresman and Company

ILLUSTRATED BY Gregory Orloff, Helen Nocl, and Brinton Turkle

DESIGNED BY Taylor Poore PREFACE

For an explsnaricm of the ohjcct~vesand procedures of Linds'iy, C:od SatUibtdrg, ET?ICI~Memingruq, Intifig 7'hr Lterutiue of rhc Lir~itcdSirlier, the render is referred Bobbitr, Herbert fioover, Franklin D. Roo~evelr. to the Preface for Volume I. T. H. (Theodore Homberger): Wsllium 1. Clayson, To indicate our individual responsibility, we have ini- f Iumlin Garland, Williurn Vangbn Moody, Henry rialed the introductory chapters, and we are individually George, Edrrurd Rellamy, Lincoln Stzffens, Upfon Sk- responsible for the biographies, inrroductions, texcs, and ihr, Sinclair LeuGs. Robituon Jeflm, William Paulb- notes as follows: ner, W'ill~ C*thsr, Jobn Steir~beck, Woodfow Wd~oa. R. S. (R~thllStwi~t): Jobn C. Calhoun, Dmiel Volume II Webrtw, John Grcm~leaf W'bi//in (abolitiunist +oetry), 1Y. li. (IVdter Rlilrr): Gemgs L. Aihcn, Crtrl War Netzry Timrod, 1Pr$t Whitman, Ediu~d Egglerton, Siljgtrr, AOrabnna Lincoln, "I Near Anzerira Singitzg,'' Gaorge W'd~hi~gtonCable, A4aq Noailles Mrrrfree, Joel Da~jdCrnrkeit, IP11lr.am 'I'uppan Thompsoa George Clidndler Finrris, Sarah Orne Jwat;, ,Vary E. Wilkinr Warh;ngt~,n Harris, Thontn~Bdtrgr Thorpe, Cbarlcr Prrenaun, William Sydney Porter, William Dean Howells, Fmpr Nrouine, IIenry W'beeler Shnu; Cbnrler Hebct IIcnry Jme~,Sfepben Crane, Theodore Dreirw, Pml Clari, John Greenleaf if"hitrier (regional poetry), Hamilion Haylo, Sdf~eyLjnier, Edwin Arlington Harrzel Rcecher St o we, Brei l-larte, Santael Clemen~, Robmson, Thomas Stem Eliot, Allen Tate, Eugwre EJpr Wa!~onIlowe, Jorepb KirRL,ztJ, Iidrold Frederii, O'Neill, John DOJ Pus~os,Thorn Wolfe. Frmk Norris, Ljngdon Eluyn hfrtchell, Edward Rout- WALTER BLAIR land SIII, Emily D~ckinson,Finley Peter Dunne, Iienry TNEODOR E HORKBERGER Admnr, Hensy LOJLZJMeaikel~, /

For an explanation of the general plan of the illustrations answers: "Come pack off to the work house1 that's in The Literature of the United States, see Volume I. The the only asylum for you!"...... 121 initials inserted in the following catalogue of illustrations Henry Timrod (H.N.). 123 indicate the artists' individual responsibility in Volume II ...... (G.O., Gregory Orloff; H.N., Helen Noel; B.T., Brinton Fort Sumter (H.N.)...... 129 Turkle). A description of the details in each of the biographical Three Hundred Thousand More (music)...... 136 and school panels is given in a footnote on the page where Autograph of Abrahom Lincoln [H.N.]...... 143 the panel appears. Facsimile of Lincoln's letter to Mrs. Bixby...... 146

WALT WHITMAN--o biographical panel (G.O.]. The Literory Map of the United States, from 189 to the portrait is based on the frontispiece of the first present (G.O.). For the vignettes of New England ed~tionof Leaves of Grass...... 148 architecture, Ellis Island, John Henry, New Orleans jazz musicians, factory buildings, Mississippi steam- Title page designed by Whitman for the first edition boat, giont redwoods, cowboys, oil wells, a troop of Leaves of Grass,...... 180 carrier, apple orchards, Paul Bunyan, Middlewest- Walt Whitman's House in Camden, New Jersey ern wheat fields, and a Great Lakes ore boat, the (H.N.) 195 artist hos drawn on a variety of contemporary ...... sources. The place names on the map are the birth- "A Grafter's Monument," a cartoon by C. Grey-Parker places of the authors included in the book, and a in Harper's Weekly, October 7, 1871...... 227 number of other places of literary importance, .. .vi-vii

The Rise of Modern America-Historical spread The Civii War-4istoricol spread (B.T.). 1 ...... (B.T.) ...... 232 A HOUSE DIVIDED (G.O.)...... 37 "I HEAR AMERICA SINGING" (G.O.)...... 301 John Greenleof Whittier-+ biographical panel (G.O.) 70 Go Down, Moses (music)...... 302 8, ' I m going there, to the spirits bright, Tom . . , ."- Poor Pilgrim (music]...... 303 engraved by "Boker-Smith" in the first edition of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852...... 95 Sam Bass (music)...... 305 Poster advertising a performance of Uncle Tam's Good-by, Old Paint (music)...... 306 Cabin by the Howard family, 1859. From the Whoopee Ti Yi Yo, Gil Along, Little Dogies (music). . 307 Harvard Theatre Collection...... 112 Casey Jones (music]...... 31 2 "Slave Labor" (H.N.)-after an old cartoon, "Rlack and White Slaves," in the New York Historical Frankie and Johnny [music]...... 314 Society. In an accompanying legend the slave says: "God bless you, massa! You feed and clothe us. The Little Old Sod Shanty on the Claim [music)...... 317 When we are sick you nurse us and when too old to work you provide for us!" The master replies: SOUTHWESTERN YARNSPINNERS "These poor creatures are a sacred legacy from my ancestors and while a dollar is left me nothing shall Davy Crockett4 typical woodcut from one of the be spared to increase their comfort and happiness." 115 Crockett Almanacs...... 31 0

"Hireling Labor" (H.N.1--companion to the obove Dovy and the sensible varmint-another woodcut drawing. The laborer soy,: "Oh heaven! in this from the Crockett Almanacc...... 322 sainted land of freedom to be starving for want Major Jones-drawn by Felix 0. C. Dorley for Major of employment! No relief from the purse-proud Jones's Sketches of Travel, 1847...... 326 aristocracy whose blooted fortunes have been made by our blood and toill" The employer Sut Lovingood-from the first edition, 1867, ...... 330 -8 8 ... the dogs ... got around him. and pulled him Fronk Norris-a biographical panel (G.O.)...... 641 about "-drawn by Dorley for The Big Bear ..... Theodore Dreiser-a biographical panel (G.O.). of Arkansas. 1845 ...... 342 .... 669 The New York Idea (H.N.]...... 726 LITERARY COMEDIANS Artemus Ward interviews President Lincoln-from a POETS "IN TIME OF HESITAT1ON" (G.O.)...... 727 cartoon in Vanity Fair. Deccmber 9. 1860 347 ...... Sidney Lonier-a biographical ponel (G.O.)...... 719 Advertkement of a lec:ure by Josh Billings 349 ...... Emily Dickinson-a biographical panel (G.O.J. The " 'Training for o priza.fight. Adeler?' "--an illustration portrait is based on an early daguerreotype ...... 747 by A . B. Frost from the first edition of Out of the Emily Dickinson [H.N.)...... 755 Hurly.Burly. 1874 ...... 352 The indifferent universe (H.N.J...... 757 LOCAL COLORISTS (G.O.J. The portrait of Mrs . Stowe is based on an early daguerreotype in the CRITICS OF AMERiCAN SOCIETY (G.O.)...... 705 Huntington Library. Son Morino. Colifornio ...... 355 Mr . Dooley and Mr . Hennessey-an illustration by Ti:le page of the first edition of Snow.Bound. 1866 . . 368 Kemble in Mr . Doolcy's Philosophy, 1900 ...... 799 Sam Lawson-an illustration by Dorley for Oldtown Hcnry Adams-u biographical panel (G.O.)...... 809 Fireside Stories. 1872 ...... 383 " ...his smile it was pensive and childlike ...." - U . S . A.-Historicai spread (8.T.)...... 824 one of the i(lustrolions by Sol Eytinge. Jr . in Every Saturday. April 29. 1871 ...... 397 EMANCIPATORS (G.O.)...... 884 Morton Goodwin. the circuit rider-a wood engraving Main Street (H.N.)...... 925 by J . Karst in the 1878 edition ...... 401 POETS OF BELIEF AND SKEPTICISM Uncle Remus-drown by E. W . Kemble for Mark Twain's Library of Wit and Humor. 1888 ...... 426 Robert Frost.-o biogrophicol panel (G.O.)...... 931 SAMUEL L . CLEMENS-a biographical panel [G.O.). Self-portrait of Vachel Lindsoy-from his own publi- The view of Honnibol is taken from Henry Lewis' cation. The Village Magazine. 1925 ...... 942 Das lllustrirte Mississippi.Thal. 1844. The stcom- The censers of the Angels swinging over Lincoln's boat is based on an engraving in Lloyd's Steam- home. Springfield. lilinois. One of Lindsay's illus- boat Directory. 1856 ...... 452 trations for a poem about Springfield. "The Soul ...-he 'pears to look mighty boggy. somehow.'"- of rhc City. " from The Village Magazine. 1925 .. 949 drswn by Kemble for Mark Twain's Library of Wit Robinson Jeffers and Vochel Lindsay (G.O.]...... 950 and Humor ...... 457 "The vast round backs of the bore hills ...."952 (H.N.) Huckleberry Finn-this and the five drowings follow- ing were done by Kemble for the first edition of Carl Sandburg-+ biographical ponei (G.O.)...... 960 Huckleberry Finn. 1884 ...... 483 Prufrock (H.N.]...... 978 Colonel Grangerford ...... 491 PRIMITIVISTS (G.0.j...... 988 "... so many arms it made her look too spidery ...." 495 Henry's lunch-room (H.N.)...... 793 "... trying to get at a couple of young chaps that was behind the wood-rank ...."...... 499 Eugene O'Neill--a biographical panel [G.O.]...... 997 ...I m on the wow.path. and the price ov coffins is NOVELISTS WITH SOCIAL THEMES a-gwyne to raise."...... 502 Willa Cothor-a biographical panel (G.0.)...... 1026 "Just then Sherburn steps out onto the roof ....". ... 504 John Steinbeck. Thomas Wolfe. John Dos Passos HENRY JAMES-a biographical panel (G.O.)...... 541 (G.O.) ...... 1043 Caricature of Henry James by Max Beerbohm-from "The young man walks (H.N.)...... 1045 The Academy. London. November 26. 1898 ...... 587 ...." REALISTS AND NATURALISTS (G.O.)...... 598 THE POLITICAL STRUGGLE (G.O.]...... 1121 Joseph Kirkland (H.N.)...... #8 Aufo~rophof Woodrow Wilson (H.N.]...... 1130 CHEYENNE Lifermy mdp of t.5~ UNITED STATES 1850 $0 the pre.rent The Literature of the United States

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 11

The Civil War

HISTORICAL INTERCtIAPTER CIVIL WAR SINGERS ...... 731 ltitellectual Currents ...... 2 Dixie (two versions] ...... 732 Literary Trends ...... 11 My Morylond ...... 133 Chronological Table of Li:erature ond H~story... 34 -Bottle. Hyrnn of the Republic...... 134 Illree Hundred Thousand Mcre ...... 135 A House Divided ABRAHAM LINCOLN ...... 137 Farewell Address at Springfield, Illinois ...... 138 JOHN C. CALHOUN ...... 37 First lnaugurol Address ...... 139 Speech on the Slavery Question Open Letter to Horace Grcclcy ...... 144 Delivered in the Senate, March 4, 1850 ...... 38 Thc Gettysburg Address ...... 14.5 DANIEL WEBS'TER ...... 48 Lettcr to Mrs . Bixby ...... 146 Speech on the Constitution and the Second Inaugural Address ...... 147 Union, March 7, 7850 ...... 49 JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER ...... 69 Whitman The Moral Warfare ...... 70 Massochuretts to Virginia ...... 71 WALT WHITMAN ...... 148 Ichobod ...... 73 . Preface to 1855 Edition of "Leaves of Grass" ...... 150 Borbaro Frietchie ...... 74 One's-Self I Sing ...... 161 laus Deo ...... 75 Song of Myself ...... 162 Once I Poss'd Througli a Populous City ...... 191 GEORGE L. AIKEN ...... 76 For You 0 Democracy ...... 191 ilncle Tom's Cobin ...... 78 Song of the Open Road ...... 192 WILl.lAhf J . GRAYSON ...... 113 Crossing Brooklyn Ferry ...... 197 Pioneers! 0 Pioneers1 200 from The Hireling and !he Slave ...... Preface ...... 11 5 Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking 202 When I Heard thc Learn'd Astronomer from Part First ...... 1ID ...... 205 . First 0 Songs for a Prelude from Part Second ...... 120 ...... 206 Beatl Beat! Drums! ...... 207 HENRY TIMROD ...... 123 Cavalry Crossing a Ford ...... 207 Ethnogenesis ...... 124 Bivouac on a Mountain Side ...... 207 The Cotton Boll ...... 125 By the Bivouac's Fitful Flame ...... 208 Carolina ...... 117 Come Up from the Fields Father ...... 208 Charleston ...... 129 Tlie Wound.Dressor ...... 209 Spring ...... 130 Give Me the Splendid Silent Sun ...... 210 Ode ...... 131 When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bioom'd ...... 211 viii There Was a Child Went Forth ...... 215 Thou Mother with Thy Equal Brood ...... 222 Mirocles ...... 216 To a Locomotive in Winter ...... 225 Passage to India ...... 217 from . Democratic Vistas ...... 226

The R zre of Moderfz A nzerica

HISTORICAL INTERCHAPTEK A Coon Hunt in a Fency Country ...... 327 In!ellectuol Currents ...... 234 GEORGE WASHINGTON HARRIS ...... 328 Literary Trends ...... 266 Bart Davis's Dance ...... 329 Chronological Table of Litcroture and His!ory .... 295 Mrs. Yardley's Quilting ...... 333 "I Hear America Singing" THOMAS BANGS THORPE ...... SPIRITUALS ...... 301 The Big Bear of A~konsas...... Go Down. Moses ...... 302 Lny Dis Body Down ...... 302 Literary Comedians Poor Pilgrim ...... 303 CHARLES FARRAR EROWNE (Arternus Word} ...... Joshua Fit de Battle ob Jerico ...... 303 from Arternus Ward. His Book Nobody Knows de Trouble I've Secn ...... 304 One of Mr. Ward's Business Letters ...... COWBOY SONGS ...... 304 Interview with President Linco!n ...... Sam Bass ...... 305 HENRY WHEELER SHAW (Josh Billifigsi ...... Good.by, Old Point ...... 306 Essa on the Muel ...... Whoopee Ti Yi Yo, Git Along, Littlc Dogics ...... 307 Hoss Sense The Old Chisholm Trail ...... 308 ...... Blood on the Saddle ...... 309 CHARLES HEBER CLARK [Max Adeler) ...... 351 ON THE RAILROAD ...... 309 from Out of the Hurly-Burly John Henry ...... 31 0 Trouble with Cooley ...... 351 Casey Jones...... 31 1 Pitman as a Politicion ...... 353 HALLELUJAH. I'M A HOBO 313 ...... Local Colorists The Big Rock Candy Mountain ...... 313 IN THE SLUMS ...... 314 JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER ...... 355 Fronkie nnd Johnny ...... 314 The Barefoot Boy ...... 356 Skipper Ireson's Ride ...... 357 HOMESTEADIN' ...... 316 Telling the Bees ...... 359 The Little Old Sod Shanty on tl~cClaim ...... 316 Snow-Bound ...... 360 Among the Hills ...... 370 Southwestern Yarnspinners The Meeting ...... 377 DAVID CROCKETT ...... 318 HARRIET BEECHER STOWE ...... 330 from . Narrative of the Life of David from Oldtown Fireside Stories Crockett of West Tennessee Captain Kidd's Money ...... 381 Bear Hunting ...... 319 from The Crockett Alnianacs BRET HARTE ...... 386 A Sensible Varmint ...... 321 The Luck of Roaring Camp ...... 387 Death of Crockett ...... 322 Tennessee's Partner ...... 392 Crockett's Morning Hunt ...... 323 Plain Language from Truthful James ...... 396 WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON ...... 323 EDWARD EGGLESTON ...... 398 from Major Jones's Courtship from . The Circuit Rider Letter XI1 ...... 324 Chapter XX ...... 399 GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE ...... 403 Daisy Miller ...... 558 Belles Demoiselles Plantation ...... 404 The Middle Years ...... 586 I MARY NOAILLES MURFREE (Charles E . Craddock) ... 472 Realists and Naturalists Over on the T'Other Mounting ...... 41 3 EDGAR WATSON HOWE ...... 597 JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS ...... 423 from The Story of a Country Town from Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings Chapter XVI. More of the Village of Twin Mounds 599 Uncle Remu Initiates the Little Boy ...... 424 How Mr. Rabbit Saved His Meat ...... 425 JOSEPH KIRKLAND ...... 603 Mr. Rabbit Meets His Match Again ...... 427 from Zury: The Meanest hlan in Spring County from Nights with Uncle Rcrnus Chapter V. How the Meanest Man Gol so Mean. Mr. Bcnjamin Rom ond His Woriderful Fiddle . . 428 and How Mean He Got ...... 604 SARAH ORNE JEWETT ...... 430 HAMLIN GARLAND ...... 609 Thc Courting of Sister Wisby ...... 431 Mrs. Ripley's Trip ...... 610 from Crumbling Idols MARY E. WlLKlNS FREEMAh ...... 439 Local Color in Art ...... 616 The Revolt of 'Mother'...... 440 The Local Novel ...... 619 WILLIAM SYDNEY PORTER (0. Mcnry) ...... 448 HAROLD FREDERIC ...... 621 from The Four Million from . The Damnation of Theron Ware The Furnished Room ...... 448 The Trustees and the Rev . Mr. Ware ...... 622 Clemens STEPHEN CRANE ...... 627 The Open Boat ...... 628 SAMUEL L . CLEMENS (Mark Twain] ...... 452 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calcvcras County . 454 FRANK NORRIS ...... 640 from The Innocents Abrocd The Octopus ...... 642 Chapter XIX, The Old Masters ...... 458 A Neglected Epic ...... 664 Chaptcr LIII. The Tomb of Adam ...... 460 A Plea for Romantic Fiction ...... 666 from . Roughing It THEODORE DREISER ...... 668 Chapter Ill, Jackass Rabbits and Sagebrush ...... 461 The Second Choice ...... 670 from * The Gilded Age Chapter VII. Colonel Sellers's Schemes Mitchell for Money-Making ...... 464 Chapter VIII. Colonel Sellers Entertains LANGDON ELWYN MITCHELL ...... 680 Washington Hawkins ...... 467 The New York Idea ...... 681 from Old Times on tho Mississippi A Daring Deed ...... 471 Poets "In Time of Hesitation" @ Continued Perplexities ...... 474 A PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE ...... 727 from Tramp Abroad Aspects of the Pines ...... 778 Boker's Blue-Jay Yarn ...... 477 The Mocking.Bird ...... 728 from Life on the Mississippi Poverty ...... 728 Chapter Ill. Frescoes from the Past ...... 480 Chapter XXXVIII. The House Beautiful_ .....487 SIDNEY LANIER ...... 729 f:sm Huckleberry Finn Corn ...... 731 The Grangerfords Take Me In ...... 490 The Symphony ...... 733 An Arkansaw Difficulty...... 501 The Revenge of Hamish ...... 738 The Marshes of Glynn ...... 740 Howells EDWARD ROWLAND SILL ...... 742 WJLLIAM DEAN HOWELLS ...... 505 Morning ...... 743 from Criticism and Fiction ...... 507 The Fool's Prayer ...... 744 Opportunity ...... 745 A Hazard of New Fortunes ...... 573 The Book of Hours ...... 745 Roland ...... 745 James EMILY DICKINSON ...... 746 HENRY JAMES ...... 541 My Sabbath ...... 749 from Hawthorne The Snake ...... 749 The House of the Seven Gobles ...... 543 This Is My Letter ...... 749 The Art of Fiction...... 547 The Humming Bird ...... 749 I Like to See It Lap the Milcr ...... 750 from . Progress and Poverty The Chariot ...... 750 The Problem (Introductory)...... 767 Papa Above ...... 751 Book VIII, Chapter II, How Equal Rights to the Land As Imperceptibly. . os Grief ...... 751 May Be Asserted and Secured ...... 772 The Preacher ...... EDWARD BELLAMY ...... Farther in Summer than the Birds .... from Looking Backward I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed ...... Chapter V ...... If You Were Coming in the F~li. Chapter V1 The Wife...... Chapter VII ...... Real ...... The Bustle in a House ...... 754 LINCOLN STEFFENS ...... 784 I'll Tell You How the Sun Rose ...... 754 from The Shame of hie Cities I Died for Beauty ...... 754 Philadelphia: Corrupt and Contented ...... 785 I've Seen a Dying Eye ...... 754 There's a Certain Slant of Light ...... 755 FINLEY PETER DUNNE ...... 796 frorn Mr Dooley in Peace and War The Robin's My Criterion of Tune . . ... 755 . . On War Preparations ...... 797 'Twos Worm ot First Like Us ... . . 755 011Reform Condidotes ...... 798 STEPHEN CRANE ...... 756 On Charity ...... 800 Poems ...... 756 UPTON SINCLAIR ...... 801 WILLIAM VAUGHN MOODY ...... 758 759 f:om The Jungle An Ode in Time of Hesitation ...... Chopter Ill ...... 803 On a Soldier Follen in the Philippines . ...762 The Menogerie ...... 763 HENRY ADAMS ...... 809 from The Education of Henry Adorns Critics of American Society Chapter XXV, The Dynamo ond the Virgin (1900). . 81 1 t4FNRY GEORGE . . . 765 Chapter XXXIII, A Dyn~m;r. Theory of History (1904) 817

USA. 191 4 to the present

HISTORICAL INTERCHAPTER Richard Cory ...... 927 Intellectual Currents ...... 826 Credo ...... 927 Literary Trends ...... 842 L'Envoi ...... P28 Chronoiogical Table of Literature and His!ory ..... 877 Miniver Cheevy ...... 928 Flammonde ...... 928 Emanctpators Mr. Flood's Party ...... 930 ...... HENRY LOUIS MENCKEN ER4 ROBERT FROST ...... 931 from . Prejudices: Third Series Mowing ...... 933 ...... On Being an American 885 The Demiurge's Laugh ...... 933 SlNCLAlR LEWIS ...... 892 Mending Wall...... 934 Main Street ...... 893 The Death of the Hired Man ...... 935 The Hill Wife ...... 937 Poets of Belief and Skepticism birches ...... 939 EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON ...... 926 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ...... 940 Cliff Klingenhagen ...... 927 Two Tromps in Mud.Time ...... 940