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Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. -
Henryk Siemiradzki and the International Artistic Milieu
ACCADEMIA POL ACCA DELLE SCIENZE DELLE SCIENZE POL ACCA ACCADEMIA BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA E CENTRO BIBLIOTECA ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 145 HENRYK SIEMIRADZKI AND THE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTIC MILIEU FRANCESCO TOMMASINI, L’ITALIA E LA RINASCITA E LA RINASCITA L’ITALIA TOMMASINI, FRANCESCO IN ROME DELLA INDIPENDENTE POLONIA A CURA DI MARIA NITKA AGNIESZKA KLUCZEWSKA-WÓJCIK CONFERENZE 145 ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA ISSN 0239-8605 ROMA 2020 ISBN 978-83-956575-5-9 CONFERENZE 145 HENRYK SIEMIRADZKI AND THE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTIC MILIEU IN ROME ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 145 HENRYK SIEMIRADZKI AND THE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTIC MILIEU IN ROME A CURA DI MARIA NITKA AGNIESZKA KLUCZEWSKA-WÓJCIK. ROMA 2020 Pubblicato da AccademiaPolacca delle Scienze Bibliotecae Centro di Studi aRoma vicolo Doria, 2 (Palazzo Doria) 00187 Roma tel. +39 066792170 e-mail: [email protected] www.rzym.pan.pl Il convegno ideato dal Polish Institute of World Art Studies (Polski Instytut Studiów nad Sztuką Świata) nell’ambito del programma del Ministero della Scienza e dell’Istruzione Superiore della Repubblica di Polonia (Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education) “Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki” (National Programme for the Develop- ment of Humanities) - “Henryk Siemiradzki: Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings” (“Tradition 1 a”, no. 0504/ nprh4/h1a/83/2015). Il convegno è stato organizzato con il supporto ed il contributo del National Institute of Polish Cultural Heritage POLONIKA (Narodowy Instytut Polskiego Dziedzictwa Kul- turowego za Granicą POLONIKA). Redazione: Maria Nitka, Agnieszka Kluczewska-Wójcik Recensione: Prof. -
23 League in New York Before They Were Purchased by Granville
is identical to a photograph taken in 1866 (fig. 12), which includes sev- eral men and a rowboat in the fore- ground. From this we might assume that Eastman, and perhaps Chapman, may have consulted a wartime pho- tograph. His antebellum Sumter is highly idealized, drawn perhaps from an as-yet unidentified print, or extrapolated from maps and plans of the fort—child’s play for a master topographer like Eastman. Coastal Defenses The forts painted by Eastman had once been the state of the art, before rifled artillery rendered masonry Fig. 11. Seth Eastman, Fort Sumter, South Carolina, After the War, 1870–1875. obsolete, as in the bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1861 and the capture of Fort Pulaski one year later. By 1867, when the construction of new Third System fortifications ceased, more than 40 citadels defended Amer- ican coastal waters.12 Most of East- man’s forts were constructed under the Third System, but few of them saw action during the Civil War. A number served as military prisons. As commandant of Fort Mifflin on the Delaware River from November 1864 to August 1865, Col. Eastman would have visited Fort Delaware on Pea Patch Island, located in the river channel between Wilmington and New Castle, Delaware. Channel-dredging had dumped tons of spoil at the northern end of the island, land upon which a miserable prison-pen housed enlisted Confederate pris- oners of war. Their officers were Fig. 12. It appears that Eastman used this George N. Barnard photograph, Fort quartered within the fort in relative Sumter in April, 1865, as the source for his painting. -
The Invention of Cultural Memory
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216723904 The Invention of Cultural Memory Chapter · January 2008 DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1296.4807 CITATIONS READS 4 10,020 Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: José Rizals fin de siècle View project Wissenschaftstheorie View project All content following this page was uploaded by Dietrich Harth on 20 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Cultural Memory Studies ≥ Media and Cultural Memory/ Medien und kulturelle Erinnerung Edited by/ Herausgegeben von Astrid Erll · Ansgar Nünning Editorial Board / Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Aleida Assmann · Mieke Bal · Marshall Brown · Vita Fortunati Udo Hebel · Claus Leggewie · Gunilla Lindberg-Wada Jürgen Reulecke · Jean Marie Schaeffer · Jürgen Schlaeger Siegfried J. Schmidt · Werner Sollors · Frederic Tygstrup Harald Welzer 8 Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Cultural Memory Studies An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook Edited by Astrid Erll · Ansgar Nünning in collaboration with Sara B. Young Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cultural memory studies : an international and interdisciplinary hand- book / edited by Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nünning. p. cm. Ϫ (Media and cultural memory ; 8 ϭ Medien und kultu- relle Erinnerung ; 8) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-018860-8 (alk. paper) 1. Culture Ϫ Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Memory Ϫ Cross-cul- tural studies Ϫ Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Erll, Astrid. II. -
Salem 1692 Brochure
1 2 3 4 Today Salem, Massachusetts, strives The numbers on the map to be a city of diversity and tolerance, correspond with the sites that but it is important to remember that the appear on the numbered panels. 20 men and women who were executed in All sites except for the Rebecca 1692 were not seeking tolerance. They Nurse Homestead are in Salem. were not witches. They were ordinary men and women seeking justice. 1. Rebecca Nurse Homestead (Danvers, MA) 2. House of the Seven Gables 3. Cemeteries of Salem (3 sites) 4. Salem Witch Trials Memorial Welcome … 5. Salem Witch Hunt: Examine the Evidence to 1692 6. Salem Witch Museum 7. The True 1692 The Rebecca Nurse Homestead The House of the Seven Cemeteries of Salem The Salem Witch Trials 8. Cry Innocent: The People vs. Gables Memorial Bridget Bishop … … … … 9. Witch Dungeon Museum What happened in Salem Town and Salem The Rebecca Nurse Homestead, located in Danvers, The imposing House of the Seven Gables, which has Salem has three cemeteries that are significant to the The Salem Witch Trials Memorial is a place of 10. The Witch House Village (modern-day Danvers) more than MA, (formerly known as Salem Village) is the 17th loomed over Salem Harbor since 1668, remains one of Witch Trials of 1692. Dating back to 1637, Charter meditation, remembrance, and respect for the 20 men 320 years ago still resonates as a measure of century home of Rebecca Nurse, a 71 year old matriarch the oldest surviving timber-framed mansions in North Street Burial Point is the oldest and most visited of and women who were put to death between June and the failure of civility and due process in the who was arrested on suspicion of practicing witchcraft. -
Words of the Bewitched (1692)
Words of the Bewitched (1692) New Englanders believed that witches were capable of using their occult powers to cause bad things to happen to people. Usually, they believed, witches were in league with the devil, who used them as his agents to cause havoc. During the seventeenth century, approximately three hundred New Englanders were accused in court of being witches, about four-fifths of them women. The largest and most famous outbreak of witchcraft accusations occurred at Salem in 1692. The prominent Puritan minister Cotton Mather summarized the testimony against some of the accused witches in his book Wonders of the Invisible World (1692), the source of the following testimony against Bridget Bishop. Bishop was a married, middle-aged woman; both she and her husband were church members. Eight days after her trial, she was executed by hanging. Testimony against Accused Witch Bridget Bishop, 1692 The trial of Bridget Bishop ... at the Court of Oyer and Terminer held at Salem, June 2, 1692. I. She was indicted for bewitching of several persons in the neighborhood, the indictment being drawn up, according to the form in such cases usual. And pleading, not guilty, there were brought in several persons, who had long undergone many kinds of miseries, which were preternaturally inflicted, and generally ascribed unto a horrible witchcraft. There was little occasion to prove the witchcraft; it being evident and notorious to all beholders. Now to fix the witchcraft on the prisoner at the bar, the first thing used was, the testimony of the bewitched; whereof, several testified, that the shape of the prisoner did oftentimes very grievously pinch them, choke them, bite them, and afflict them; urging them to write their names in a book, which the said specter called, ours. -
Survey the Library Resources in the Eight Mid-Hudson Counties of Columbia
DOCIMENT RESLME ED 032 889 LI 001 311 By -Reichmann, Felix; And Others Library Resources in the Mid-Hudson Valley: Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam. Rockland. Sullivan, Ulster. Spons Agency-Mid-Hudson Libraries. Poughkeepsie. N.Y.; Ramapo Catskill Library System. Middletown. N.Y. Pub Date 65 Note -519p. EDRS Price MF -$2.00 HC -$26.05 Descriptors -Centralization. College Libraries. *Library Cooperation. sr-ibrary Networks. *Library Planning. Library Services, *Library Surveys, Public Libraries. School Libraries. Special Libraries Identifiers-New York The purpose of this study was to "survey the library resources in the eight Mid-Hudson Counties of Columbia. Dutchess. Greene. Orange, Putnam. Rockland. Sullivan. and Ulster in order to develop a plan of service in which assets would be shared. resources developed, and services extended." Survey data were collected by six questionnaires; visits and evaluations of college, public and special libraries; and a review of the literature of the field. Study findings are presented in sections on the history of the region, the present situation. and libraries of all types. A summary and projections are also included. Thirty-five specific recommendations are made which cover overall planning. public libraries. college libraries. school libraries. central services, and future development. The basic recommendation of the study is that the eight counties of the Hudson Valley be considered as a unified library area, with the Southeastern New York Library Resources Council designated as theagency to work toward integration of alllibraries at alllevels in the eight counties. Appendixes include tables of survey data. the survey questionnaires. and checklists used in the library evaluations. -
1692 Fact Sheet1
Voices Against Injustice 1692 Fact Sheet1 January 1692 - start of accusations in Salem Village (now Danvers) with a slave, Tituba, being accused by a bunch of girls. June 10, 1692 - first execution (Bridget Bishop) September 22, 1692 - final executions (8 executions on this day) Almost 200 accused, 140-150 arrested; not all tried 20 executed (19 hanged, 1 crushed) ● 13 women ● 7 men 5 died in prison 6 found guilty and pardoned 4 pled guilty and pardoned 4-5 escaped from prison 13 never indicted (including Tituba) 2 evaded arrest The geographic area covered from Boston to Andover and up to Maine. The executions took place at Proctor’s Ledge at the base of Gallows Hill (now a city-owned memorial is at this place). Exoneration: ● December 17, 1697, Governor issued a proclamation for a day or prayer ● January 15, 1697 the Day of Official Humiliation ● October 17, 1711 Bill voted on clearing some of the names of victims; restitution of 600 pounds split among the claimants ● August 28, 1957 Governor Furcolo signed a bill into law officially apologizing for the witch trials and clearing the names of additional victims ● 1992 the Salem Witch Trials Memorial is built in Salem and The Salem Village Witchcraft Victims Memorial is built in Danvers ● October 31, 2001 the 1957 law is amended to include the remaining names clearing all remaining victims. 1 Sources: historyofmassachusetts.org/salem-witch-trials-victims/ and The Salem Witch Museum Mission The lessons of the Salem Witch Trials compel Voices Against Injustice to celebrate today’s champions of human rights by presenting the annual Salem Awards, stewarding the Salem Witch Trials Memorial and inspiring members of our worldwide community to confront fear and social injustice with courage. -
The Long and Short of Salem Witchcraft: Chronology and Collective Violence in 1692 Author(S): Richard Latner Source: Journal of Social History, Vol
The Long and Short of Salem Witchcraft: Chronology and Collective Violence in 1692 Author(s): Richard Latner Source: Journal of Social History, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Fall, 2008), pp. 137-156 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096601 Accessed: 29-08-2015 13:48 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096601?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Oxford University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Social History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 149.31.21.88 on Sat, 29 Aug 2015 13:48:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE LONG AND SHORT OF SALEM WITCHCRAFT: CHRONOLOGY AND COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE IN 1692 By Richard Latner Tulane University As the only example of a mass witch hunt inAmerican history,Salem witchcraft exerts a to continuing fascination both scholarly and professional audiences. Its yearlong pursuit of the devil across theNew England landscape resulted in executions more one so twenty and than hundred and fifty victims. -
Bridget Bishop: Convicted by Societal Norms
Bridget Bishop: Convicted by Societal Norms Alex Mei In the Salem witch trials of the 1690s, dozens of women were tried and convicted for witchcraft, a practice involving the supernatural and associated with the devil. Bridget Bishop was the first to be convicted, accused by more people than any other defendant. She was arrested on April 18, 1692, and nearly two months later was hanged for practicing witchcraft. During Bishop’s trial, the jury and the witnesses made many mistakes concerning her identity. The jury failed to recognize the difference between the witnesses’ testimonies about Bishop’s ghost and the actual Bishop herself. The witnesses also confused Bridget Bishop’s identity with that of another witchcraft defendant, Sarah Bishop. Proximately, these mistakes led to the jury’s conclusion that Bishop was, in fact, a witch. However, ultimately, Bishop was convicted because of the defined role women had to play in Salem’s Puritan society. All women had to take care of the household and family under the men’s complete authority, without any resistance. They had to be patient and submissive towards men in order to be socially accepted. Bishop, on the other hand, did not fit this accepted model for women. She, both literally and figuratively, displayed her independence as a woman. She often fought with her first husband, Thomas Oliver, literally defying a male figure and thus challenging both the rules of Puritan society and the laws of Salem County. Figuratively, Bishop also displayed her threatening female power. Prior to her trial, Bishop’s husband died, leaving her and her daughter in charge of his land and with a considerable amount of money. -
The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: the Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1984 The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered Susan Kay Ocksreider College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ocksreider, Susan Kay, "The Salem Witch Trials from a Legal Perspective: The Importance of Spectral Evidence Reconsidered" (1984). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625278. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-7p31-h828 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE; THE IMPORTANCE OF SPECTRAL EVIDENCE RECONSIDERED A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of Williams and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Susan K. Ocksreider 1984 ProQuest Number: 10626505 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10626505 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). -
Educational Experience As Lived: Knowledge, History, Alterity the Selected Works of William F
Educational Experience as Lived “Not only is this an important book, it is also a necessary book. William Pinar is one of the major curriculum theorists of the past forty years. While he launched the reconceptualization of curriculum studies, subsequent events have shown that he has set the scholarly direction for the fi eld in the 21st Century.” Terrance R. Carson, University of Alberta, Canada In this volume William F. Pinar enacts his theory of curriculum, detailing the relations among knowledge, history, and alterity. The introduction is his intel- lectual life history, naming the contributions he has made to understanding educational experience. Through his portraits of educational experience as lived— encompassing study as the center of educational experience, his con- ceptions of disciplinarity and internationalization, reactivating the past to fi nd the future, the gendering and racialization of U.S. school reform, the technol- ogization of education, and the educational project of subjective and social reconstruction—Pinar threads the relations among knowledge, history, and alterity. William F. Pinar is Professor and Canada Research Chair at the University of British Columbia. He has also served as the St. Bernard Parish Alumni Endowed Professor at Louisiana State University, the Frank Talbott Professor at the University of Virginia, and the A. Lindsay O’Connor Professor of American Institutions at Colgate University. The former President of the International Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies and the founder of its U.S. affi liate, the American Association for the Advancement of Curricu- lum Studies, Pinar received, in 2000, the LSU Distinguished Faculty Award and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Educational Research Association.