DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparison of a Series Ofnewer Anticholinergic Agents with Atropine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparison of a Series Ofnewer Anticholinergic Agents with Atropine Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.3.1.65 on 1 March 1962. Downloaded from Gut, 1962, 3, 65 A comparison of a series of newer anticholinergic agents with atropine as regards their effect on saliva flow and gastric secretion in man D. W. PIPER AND MIRJAM C. STIEL From the Department ofMedicine, the University of Sydney, and the Unit of Clinical Investigation, the Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, Australia SYNOPSIS The effect of anticholinergic agents-atropine, propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate-on saliva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion has been studied. The acid secretion of the nervous phase of gastric secretion was inhibited by anticholinergic drugs. They influenced gastric secretion to a greater extent than saliva flow. Both propantheline and oxyphencyclimine have a selective action on the stomach superior to atropine. Propionyl atropine methyl nitrate appears to have only weak anticholinergic activity in the dose recommended and is not superior to atropine. Three control readings were taken and subsequently Anticholinergic drugs are widely used in the treat- http://gut.bmj.com/ ment of peptic ulcer and with this aim new pre- readings at hourly intervals after the administration of parations are constantly being produced. One of the the drug until saliva flow returned to normal. Side-effects, advantages over atropine claimed for the newer particularly the presence of a dry mouth, blurred vision, or difficulty in micturition were noted. The volunteers preparations is that they produce fewer side-effects, used in this study were members of the resident medical which implies that they have a selective action on the staff; seven such studies were made. stomach. Apart from one French study (Lieber, The effect on gastric secretion was determined using 1956) that showed that the more recently developed hypoglycaemic stimulated secretion. For this, patients preparations were inferior to atropine in this respect, having insulin coma therapy for psychiatric reasons were on September 27, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. there is no work in man, supported by the quantita- used. After fasting, the drug was given between 6.30 a.m. tive determination of their effect on gastric secretion and 6.45 a.m. followed by a large dose of insulin (the and of their side-effects, comparing atropine with dosage ranged between 200 and 1,600 units). The patient the newer anticholinergic agents. went into coma two to two and a half hours after the the of or not the administration of insulin and spent one hour in coma. Because of importance whether Coma was considered to be present when the patient no newer drugs have a selective action on the stomach, longer responded to painful stimuli and extensor plantar the present study was undertaken. Atropine and responses were present. It had previously been deter- three new preparations (propantheline, oxyphen- mined that under these conditions control studies gave cyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate) reproducible responses. Gastric secretion was determined were compared as regards their effect on saliva flow during 30 minutes of the hour spent in coma, using con- and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion. tinuous suction with a Cleland tube. Each patient had from one to four, usually two, control studies done; the METHOD control studies and the studies after the drugs were For several reasons it was not possible to determine both randomized. Eight patients were studied. Patients who responses in the same group of patients. Consequently showed more than a trace of bile in the gastric juice were one group of volunteers was studied as regards saliva not included in the series. flow and a second group as regards gastric secretion; the The acid concentration was estimated using phenol results were then analysed statistically. red as an indicator. The drugs administered were atropine Saliva flow was stimulated by chewing. Gum devoid of sulphate gr. 1/100, propantheline 30 mg., oxyphencycli- the outer flavoured coat was used; the gum was chewed mine 10 mg., and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate 18 for 10 minutes and the volume ofsaliva secreted measured. mg.; all were given orally. 65 Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.3.1.65 on 1 March 1962. Downloaded from 66 D. W. Piper and Mirjam C. Stiel RESULTS between the subjective side-effects and the degree of salivary inhibition produced. EFFECT ON SALIVA FLOW The effect on saliva flow during the four hours after the administration of the TABLE III drugs is given in Table I. The saliva flow is expressed SUBJECTIVE SEVERITY OF SIDE-EFFECTS AFTER ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS TABLE I Patient Atropine Propantheline Oxyphencyclimine P.A.M.N. EFFECT OF ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS ON SALIVA FLOW (gr. 1/100) (30 mg.) (10 mg.) (18 mg.) Time after Salivary Output in 10 Minutes as % of Control Value + + ++ + Administration 2 ++ + Atropine Propantheline Oxyphen- P.A.M.N. 3 + + (gr. 1/100) (30 mg.) cyclimine (18 mg.) 4 + (10 mg.) S ++ 6 1 hour 77±10 80±11 69±11 89±5 7 ++ ++ ++ 2 hours 69± 9 69± 9 59± 7 87±6 3 hours 70± 6 77± 8 61± 9 90±7 + + = moderate side-effects, + = slight side-effects, - = no side- 4 hours 74± 5 88± 8 66± 7 97±3 effects. The ± figure is the S.E. of the mean. It is seen from Table I that the maximal action is reached during the second hour. At two hours there as a percentage of the mean of the control readings. is no significant difference in potency of the above Table II gives the effect of the drugs on saliva flow doses of atropine, propantheline, and oxyphen- three hours after the administration of the drugs, cyclimine but a significant difference between these three drugs and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate TABLE II (P = 0-01); and at three hours there is no significant EFFECT OF ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS ON SALIVA FLOW difference between atropine, propantheline, and THREE HOURS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF THE DRUGS oxyphencyclimine, or between propantheline and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate; there is a signi- Patient Salivary Flow in 10 Minutes as % of Control Value ficant difference between oxyphencyclimine and http://gut.bmj.com/ Atropine Propantheline Oxyphen- P.A.M.N. propionyl atropine methyl nitrate (P = 0 02), and (gr. 1/100) (30 mg.) cyclimine (18 mg.) between atropine and propionyl atropine methyl (10 mg.) nitrate (P = 0.05). 50 82 56 2 88 70 78 3 58 90 76 THE EFFECT ON GASTRIC SECRETION The effect of the 4 76 100 80 series of anticholinergic drugs on hypoglycaemic 5 75 88 70 stimulated secretion is given in Table IV. This effect 6 66 73 50 on September 27, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. 7 56 40 18 was usually determined two and a half to three hours Mean ± S.E. 70±6 77±8 61±9 after the administration of the drug. The response is expressed as a percentage ofthe mean control output. and Table III lists the severity of side-effects as In Table V the newer preparations are compared judged subjectively at this time interval by the seven with atropine and with one another, as regards their subjects studied; it is seen that there is a correlation effect on saliva flow and on gastric secretion. Each TABILE IV EFFECT OF ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION Patient Mean Control Output Output after Drugs as %/* of Control Secretion (mEq./30 min.) Atropine Propantheline Oxyphencyclimine P.A.M.N. (gr. 1/100) (30 mg.) (10 mg.) (18 mg.) 6-20 19 8 19 73 2 2-70 61 13 39 29 3 7-06 46 36 121 4 11-52 62 29 34 70 S 18-00 47 47 99 6 10-73 52 88 65 7 8-42 3 15 42 8 1-82 35 S 24 70 Mean ± S.E. 46±7 18 ±E 7 28 1 5 71±10 Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.3.1.65 on 1 March 1962. Downloaded from Comparison ofanticholinergic agents with atropine and their effect on saliva flow and gastric secretion 67 TABLE V COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF SERIES OF DRUGS ON SALIVA FLOW AND GASTRIC SECRETION Comparison Saliva Flow Gastric Secretion Mean Difference between Means Significance P Mean Difference between Means Significance P Atropine 70±6 9 03 47±7 19 005 Oxyphencyclimine 61±9 27±5 Atropine 70+6 7 0-5 44±11 31 005 Propantheline 77 ±8 13±6 Atropine 70+6 20 0.05 46±7 25 0.1 P.A.M.N. 90±7 71± 12 Propantheline 77±8 16 0-2 18±7 12 0.2>P>0l1 Oxyphencyclimine 61±9 30±5 Oxyphencyclimine 61±9 29 0-02 28±5 43 001 P.A.M.N. 90±7 71±10 All results are expressed as a % of the mean control secretion; the saliva flow and gastric secretion are assessed three hours after administration of the drug. In this table each response, either saliva flow or gastric secretion, is compared between drugs only in patients who had both drugs. drug's effect, either on saliva flow or gastric secretion, in the case of atropine and most marked in the case is only compared in those individuals who actually of propantheline, with oxyphencyclimine in an had both drugs, thus removing the factor ofvariation intermediate position. A measure of this degree of between individuals. selectivity is given by the ratio comparing their It is seen that though there was no significant effect on gastric secretion with their effect on saliva difference between the effect of atropine and either flow (Table VI). It was only in the case of propionyl oxyphencyclimine or propantheline as regards their atropine methyl nitrate that a selective action on the effect on saliva flow, both propantheline and stomach was not demonstrated using this type of oxyphencyclimine had a significantly greater effect comparison.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Patent Office
    3,092,548 United States Patent Office Patented June 4, 1963 2 are the various side effects that occur in an appreciable 3,092,548 number of patients, the foremost of which are a blurring METHOD OF TREATING PEPTICULCERS WITH PANTOTHENECACD of vision, drowsiness and a general dry condition mani Albert G. Worton, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to The fested by a retarded salivation, reduction of perspiration Warren-Teed Products Company, Columbus, Ohio, a 5 and diminished urinary output. Other side effects which corporation of Ohio occur in some cases are glaucoma, stimulation of the cen No Drawing. Filed Oct. 27, 1960, Ser. No. 65,256 trol nervous system and in severe cases cardiac and respi 5 Claims. (Ci. 67-55) ratory collapse. These side effects increase to Some de gree with the increase in dosage. Despite the side effects This invention relates to preparation adapted for use O these compounds are fairly selective and highly effective in treating disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract, more in decreasing the volume and acidity of gastric secretion particularly in treating peptic ulcer, both of the duodenal and in reducing gastrointestinal motility. and gastric type, for hyperacidity, hypertropic gastritis, Understandably, the main problem in the past has been splenic flexure syndrome, biliary dyskinesia (postchole to provide a dosage of anticholinergic drug which will cystectomy syndrome) and hiatal hernia or other condi achieve the most beneficial results possible and yet mini tions where anticholinergic effect, either spasmolytic or mize the undesired side effects. One of the objects of antisecretory is indicated or where antiuicerogenic effect this invention is to provide novel compositions containing is indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No
    WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 307 ,409 B2 Chase et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Jun . 4 , 2019 ( 54 ) MUSCARINIC COMBINATIONS AND THEIR (52 ) U . S . CI. USE FOR COMBATING CPC . .. .. A61K 31/ 4439 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0056 HYPOCHOLINERGIC DISORDERS OF THE (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 / 7023 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 31 / 166 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 / 216 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 /4178 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 439 (71 ) Applicant: Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /44 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K Washington , DC (US ) 31/ 454 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 4725 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /517 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 45 / 06 ( 72 ) Inventors : Thomas N . Chase , Washington , DC (2013 . 01 ) (US ) ; Kathleen E . Clarence -Smith , ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search Washington , DC (US ) CPC .. A61K 31/ 167 ; A61K 31/ 216 ; A61K 31/ 439 ; A61K 31 /454 ; A61K 31 /4439 ; A61K (73 ) Assignee : Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , 31 /4175 ; A61K 31 /4725 Washington , DC (US ) See application file for complete search history. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (56 ) References Cited patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 5 ,534 ,520 A 7 / 1996 Fisher et al. ( 21) Appl . No. : 15 /260 , 996 2008 /0306103 Al 12 /2008 Fisher et al. 2011/ 0021503 A1* 1/ 2011 Chase . .. A61K 31/ 27 ( 22 ) Filed : Sep . 9 , 2016 514 / 215 2011/ 0071135 A1 * 3 / 2011 Chase . .. .. .. A61K 31/ 166 (65 ) Prior Publication Data 514 / 215 2011 /0245294 Al 10 / 2011 Paborji et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The In¯Uence of Medication on Erectile Function
    International Journal of Impotence Research (1997) 9, 17±26 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0955-9930/97 $12.00 The in¯uence of medication on erectile function W Meinhardt1, RF Kropman2, P Vermeij3, AAB Lycklama aÁ Nijeholt4 and J Zwartendijk4 1Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2Department of Urology, Leyenburg Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands; 3Pharmacy; and 4Department of Urology, Leiden University Hospital, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands Keywords: impotence; side-effect; antipsychotic; antihypertensive; physiology; erectile function Introduction stopped their antihypertensive treatment over a ®ve year period, because of side-effects on sexual function.5 In the drug registration procedures sexual Several physiological mechanisms are involved in function is not a major issue. This means that erectile function. A negative in¯uence of prescrip- knowledge of the problem is mainly dependent on tion-drugs on these mechanisms will not always case reports and the lists from side effect registries.6±8 come to the attention of the clinician, whereas a Another way of looking at the problem is drug causing priapism will rarely escape the atten- combining available data on mechanisms of action tion. of drugs with the knowledge of the physiological When erectile function is in¯uenced in a negative mechanisms involved in erectile function. The way compensation may occur. For example, age- advantage of this approach is that remedies may related penile sensory disorders may be compen- evolve from it. sated for by extra stimulation.1 Diminished in¯ux of In this paper we will discuss the subject in the blood will lead to a slower onset of the erection, but following order: may be accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Wo 2010/075090 A2
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 1 July 2010 (01.07.2010) WO 2010/075090 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 409/14 (2006.01) A61K 31/7028 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07D 409/12 (2006.01) A61P 11/06 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2009/068073 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 15 December 2009 (15.12.2009) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, (26) Publication Language: English TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/122,478 15 December 2008 (15.12.2008) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AUS- ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, PEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Title 16. Crimes and Offenses Chapter 13. Controlled Substances Article 1
    TITLE 16. CRIMES AND OFFENSES CHAPTER 13. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS § 16-13-1. Drug related objects (a) As used in this Code section, the term: (1) "Controlled substance" shall have the same meaning as defined in Article 2 of this chapter, relating to controlled substances. For the purposes of this Code section, the term "controlled substance" shall include marijuana as defined by paragraph (16) of Code Section 16-13-21. (2) "Dangerous drug" shall have the same meaning as defined in Article 3 of this chapter, relating to dangerous drugs. (3) "Drug related object" means any machine, instrument, tool, equipment, contrivance, or device which an average person would reasonably conclude is intended to be used for one or more of the following purposes: (A) To introduce into the human body any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; (B) To enhance the effect on the human body of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; (C) To conceal any quantity of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state; or (D) To test the strength, effectiveness, or purity of any dangerous drug or controlled substance under circumstances in violation of the laws of this state. (4) "Knowingly" means having general knowledge that a machine, instrument, tool, item of equipment, contrivance, or device is a drug related object or having reasonable grounds to believe that any such object is or may, to an average person, appear to be a drug related object.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 77, No. 115/Thursday, June 14, 2012
    Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 115 / Thursday, June 14, 2012 / Notices 35691 TABLE 1—LIST OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS SUMMARIES FOR APPROVED PMAS MADE AVAILABLE FROM JANUARY 1, 2012, THROUGH MARCH 31, 2012—Continued PMA No., Docket No. Applicant Trade name Approval date P060008.S046, FDA–2012–M–0210 ... Boston Scientific Corp ......................... TAXUS Liberte´ Paclitaxel-Eluting Cor- February 22, 2012. onary Stent System (Monorail and Over-The-Wire Delivery Systems). P030025.S086, FDA–2012–M–0209 ... Boston Scientific Corp ......................... TAXUS Express2 Paclitaxel-Eluting February 22, 2012. Coronary Stent System (Monorail and Over-The-Wire Delivery Sys- tems). P110023, FDA–2012–M–0221 ............ ev3, Inc ................................................ Everflex Self-Expanding Peripheral March 7, 2012. Stent System (Everflex). P070004, FDA–2012–M–0250............ Sientra, Inc.......................................... SIENTRA Silicone Gel Breast Im- March 9, 2012. plants. II. Electronic Access LOCATION: The meeting will be held at submissions. In the process of Persons with access to the Internet the FDA White Oak Campus, 10903 considering these changes, FDA has may obtain the documents at http:// New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 31 previously made available for comment www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ Conference Center, Great Room 1503, versions of documents that support ProductsandMedicalProcedures/ Silver Spring, MD 20993. The following making regulatory submissions in DeviceApprovalsandClearances/ link contains public meeting attendee electronic format using the (eCTD) information as well as frequently asked PMAApprovals/default.htm and http:// specifications. These draft documents questions and answers regarding public www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ represented FDA’s major updates to meetings at White Oak: http:// ProductsandMedicalProcedures/ Module 1 of the eCTD based on www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/ DeviceApprovalsandClearances/ previous comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuh-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ketone Allylation with 1,3-Dienes: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications
    CuH-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ketone Allylation with 1,3-Dienes: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Li, Chengxi, et al., "CuH-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ketone Allylation with 1,3-Dienes: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications." Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, 12 (February 2019): p. 5062-70 doi 10.1021/JACS.9B01784 ©2019 Author(s) As Published 10.1021/JACS.9B01784 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124671 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author J Am Chem Manuscript Author Soc. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 March 27. Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2019 March 27; 141(12): 5062–5070. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b01784. CuH-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ketone Allylation with 1,3- Dienes: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications Chengxi Li1, Richard Y. Liu1, Luke T. Jesikiewicz2, Yang Yang1, Peng Liu2,*, and Stephen L. Buchwald1,* 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States 2Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States Abstract Chiral tertiary alcohols are important building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents and biologically active natural products. The addition of carbon nucleophiles to ketones is the most common approach to tertiary alcohol synthesis, but traditionally relies on stoichiometric organometallic reagents that are difficult to prepare, sensitive, and uneconomical.
    [Show full text]
  • NVA237 / Glycopyrronium Bromide Multinational, Multi-Database Drug
    Quantitative Safety & Epidemiology NVA237 / Glycopyrronium bromide Non-interventional Final Study Report NVA237A2401T Multinational, multi-database drug utilization study of inhaled NVA237 in Europe Author Document Status Final Date of final version 28 April 2016 of the study report EU PAS register ENCEPP/SDPP/4845 number Property of Novartis Confidential May not be used, divulged, published or otherwise disclosed without the consent of Novartis NIS Report Template Version 2.0 August-13-2014 Novartis Confidential Page 2 Non-interventional study report NVA237A/Seebri® Breezhaler®/CNVA237A2401T PASS information Title Multinational, multi-database drug utilization study of inhaled NVA237 in Europe –Final Study Report Version identifier of the Version 1.0 final study report Date of last version of 28 April 2016 the final study report EU PAS register number ENCEPP/SDPP/4845 Active substance Glycopyrronium bromide (R03BB06) Medicinal product Seebri®Breezhaler® / Tovanor®Breezhaler® / Enurev®Breezhaler® Product reference NVA237 Procedure number SeebriBreezhaler: EMEA/H/C/0002430 TovanorBreezhaler: EMEA/H/C/0002690 EnurevBreezhaler: EMEA/H/C0002691 Marketing authorization Novartis Europharm Ltd holder Frimley Business Park Camberley GU16 7SR United Kingdom Joint PASS No Research question and In the context of the NVA237 marketing authorization objectives application, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended conditions for marketing authorization and product information and suggested to conduct a post-authorization
    [Show full text]
  • Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
    KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceuticals As Environmental Contaminants
    PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals asas EnvironmentalEnvironmental Contaminants:Contaminants: anan OverviewOverview ofof thethe ScienceScience Christian G. Daughton, Ph.D. Chief, Environmental Chemistry Branch Environmental Sciences Division National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, Nevada 89119 [email protected] Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Why and how do drugs contaminate the environment? What might it all mean? How do we prevent it? Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada This talk presents only a cursory overview of some of the many science issues surrounding the topic of pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada A Clarification We sometimes loosely (but incorrectly) refer to drugs, medicines, medications, or pharmaceuticals as being the substances that contaminant the environment. The actual environmental contaminants, however, are the active pharmaceutical ingredients – APIs. These terms are all often used interchangeably Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Office of Research and Development Available: http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/chemistry/pharma/image/drawing.pdfNational
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,283,192 B2 Mullen Et Al
    US009283192B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,283,192 B2 Mullen et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 15, 2016 (54) DELAYED PROLONGED DRUG DELIVERY 2009. O1553.58 A1 6/2009 Diaz et al. 2009,02976O1 A1 12/2009 Vergnault et al. 2010.0040557 A1 2/2010 Keet al. (75) Inventors: Alexander Mullen, Glasgow (GB); 2013, OO17262 A1 1/2013 Mullen et al. Howard Stevens, Glasgow (GB); Sarah 2013/0022676 A1 1/2013 Mullen et al. Eccleston, Scotstoun (GB) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE, Glasgow (GB) EP O 546593 A1 6, 1993 EP 1064937 1, 2001 EP 1607 O92 A1 12/2005 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this EP 2098 250 A1 9, 2009 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 JP HO5-194188 A 8, 1993 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. JP 2001-515854. A 9, 2001 JP 2001-322927 A 11, 2001 JP 2003-503340 A 1, 2003 (21) Appl. No.: 131582,926 JP 2004-300148 A 10, 2004 JP 2005-508326 A 3, 2005 (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 4, 2011 JP 2005-508327 A 3, 2005 JP 2005-508328 A 3, 2005 (86). PCT No.: PCT/GB2O11AOOO3O7 JP 2005-510477 A 4/2005 JP 2008-517970 A 5, 2008 JP 2009-514989 4/2009 S371 (c)(1), WO WO99,12524 A1 3, 1999 (2), (4) Date: Oct. 2, 2012 WO WOO1 OO181 A2 1, 2001 WO WOO3,O266.15 A2 4/2003 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2011/107750 WO WOO3,O26625 A1 4/2003 WO WO 03/026626 A2 4/2003 PCT Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirabegron in Older Adult Subjects with Overactive Bladder (OAB)
    A Phase 4, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirabegron in Older Adult Subjects with Overactive Bladder (OAB) ISN/Protocol 178-MA-1005 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02216214 Date of Protocol: Version 3.0 10 Sep 2015 Sponsor: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. Medical Affairs, Americas 1 Astellas Way Northbrook, IL 60062 Sponsor APGD, Medical Affairs, Americas ISN/Protocol 178-MA-1005 - CONFIDENTIAL - A Phase 4, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirabegron in Older Adult Subjects with Overactive Bladder (OAB) PILLAR Protocol for Phase 4 Study of Mirabegron ISN/Protocol 178-MA-1005 Version 3.0 Incorporating Substantial Amendment 2 September 10, 2015 IND 69,416 Sponsor: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc. Medical Affairs, Americas 1 Astellas Way Northbrook, IL 60062 This confidential document is the property of the Sponsor. No unpublished information contained in this document may be disclosed without prior written approval of the Sponsor. 10 Sep 2015 Astellas Page 1 of 105 Version 3.0 Incorporating Substantial Amendment 2 Sponsor APGD, Medical Affairs, Americas ISN/Protocol 178-MA-1005 - CONFIDENTIAL - Table of Contents I. SIGNATURES ······················································································ 8 II. CONTACT DETAILS OF KEY SPONSOR'S PERSONNEL····························10 III. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
    [Show full text]