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Den Vanskelige Kjærligheten DEN VANSKELIGE KJÆRLIGHETEN En essaysamling om forholdet mellom Norge og USA NORWAY I redaksjonen: Marit Bakke, Stina Reksten, Ellen Kjos-Kendall, Kathrine Aspaas (redaktør) Design og layout: Svovel.no/Norberg/Renberg/Nederhoed 4 5 FULBRIGHT ALUMNIFORENINGEN 40 ÅR DEL 1 – TANKEGODSET THE SECRETARY OF STATE WASHINGTON It gives me great pleasure to extend my heartfelt congratulations to the Fulbright Alumni Association in Norway on the occasion of its 40th anniversary. More than 60 years ago our two nations marked a milestone of friendship with the inauguration of our joint Fulbright Program, now distinguished as one of the oldest Fulbright partnerships in the world. The late U.S. Senator J. William Fulbright had the far-sighted notion to bridge differences between nations through overseas study and people-to-people interaction; he was passionately committed to the idea that citizens need to better understand the world beyond their own culture and country. This vision led to the establishment of the program that now bears his name and has become a 6 centerpiece of U.S. engagement around the world. By continuing to implement the 7 Fulbright Program, the U.S. government helps provide unforgettable, life-changing experiences to hundreds of thousands of students and scholars internationally. HILLARY DIANE RODHAM Through the Fulbright Program, we work together to identify, educate, and CLINTON, født 26. oktober i Chicago i support the next generation of leaders in both our countries. These leaders will Illinois, er en av collaborate in the coming years on issues ranging from energy, to the environment, Demokratenes fremste food security, human rights, and conflict resolution, among others, not just as politikere. Hun ble colleagues but as friends. Senator Fulbright RQFHQRWHG³(GXFDWLRQDOH[FKDQJHV første gang valgt som FDQWXUQQDWLRQVLQWRSHRSOH´He knew that humanizing international relations was senator i 2000, for critical for achieving lasting peace and progress. When leaders and citizens of delstaten New York. Hun different countries find common ground, we are far more likely to negotiate er gift med tidligere president Bill Clinton, differences peacefully because by understanding the culture, language, and history og var USAs førstedame of other countries and peoples, we better recognize our shared humanity. i hans presidentperiode fra 1993 til 2001. Ved I am confident that given the special and historic relationship between det historiske president- Norway and the United States, and the talent shared by our two nations through the valget i 2008 stilte Fulbright Program, this next generation of leaders will rise to PHHWWKHZRUOG¶V Rodham Clinton som presi- dentkandidat, men tapte challenges. Congratulations on celebrating this milestoneDQGKHUH¶VWR many mot nåværende president more years of successful exchange! Barack Obama. Hun er nå utenriksminister i Obamas regjering. Hillary Rodham Clinton FULBRIGHT ALUMNIFORENINGEN 40 ÅR DEL 1 – TANKEGODSET Innhold Den vanskelige kjærligheten Kathrine Aspaas – journalist og Del 2 Politikken Del 3 Teknologi Del 4 Kultur siviløkonom – Jubileumsbokens Syv år og et pussig vennskap og økonomi Mennesker i bevegelse redaktør. Side 11 Hilde Eliassen Restad – PhD, Steinar Bryn, Ph.D American Foreign Affairs, University of Lillebror ser deg studies, direktør for Nansen 8 9 Fulbright Alumniforeningen – Virginia, seniorforsker ved Norsk - internett i 40 år Dialognettverk på Lillehammer. Samfunnsaktør eller selskapsklubb? Utenrikspolitisk institutt (NUPI). André Årnes – PhD, siv.ing i Side 125 Marit Bakke – sosiolog, professor Side 61 Telenor og styreleder i Fulbright emeritus, styremedlem i Fulbright Alumniforeningen. Side 95 Ytringsfrihet Alumniforeningen. Side 19 Om moral og dobbeltmoral i mangfoldets tjeneste i politikken Kapitalismen Hanne Skartveit – statsviter og +HQULN6\VH±¿ORVRIVHQLRU – amerikanernes trossystem jurist, politisk redaktør i VG. Del 1 Tankegodset forsker ved Peace Research Tove Bjørgaas – Master i interna- Side 133 Institute (PRIO). Side 71 sjonal økonomi, journalist i NRK. William Fulbright Side 105 – den store dissidenten An American in Norway En turbulent kjærlighet Lisa Cooper – MBA fra Handels- Gudleiv Forr – historiker, Sola og nordlyset kommentator i Dagbladet. Side 31 i rettslivet høyskolen BI, leder i Democrats Merete Smith – jurist, general- knytter oss sammen Abroad, Norway. Side 139 Pål Ording-Lie Brekke – John Rawls om frihet eller likhet. sekretær i Den norske Advokat- forening. Side 77 astrofysiker, seniorrådigiver ved Ja takk, begge deler! Norsk Romsenter. Side 113 $QGUHDV)¡OOHVGDO±¿ORVRI Jubileumshilsener professor ved Norsk Senter for Vi sviktet da våre Wegger Chr. Strømmen – jurist, Menneskerettigheter. Side 41 allierte torturerte Norges ambassadør i Washington DC. Jan Egeland – statsviter, europa- Side 145 Statsvitenskap som pasjon direktør ved Human Rights Watch. Side 89 Bernt Hagtvet – statsviter, Tora Aasland – Forsknings- og professor ved Institutt for stats- høyere utdanningsminister vitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo. Side 147 Side 51 FULBRIGHT ALUMNIFORENINGEN 40 ÅR DEL 1 – TANKEGODSET Den vanskelige 10 kjærligheten KATHRINE ASPAAS er siviløkonom fra Norges Handelshøyskole i Bergen (1991), med en master i internasjonal økonomi og politikk fra New School University i New York (2007). Hun har 20 års HUIDULQJVRP¿QDQVMRXU- KJÆRLIGHETEN nalist, og er kjent fra sine mange år som kommentator og leder- skribent i Aftenposten. I dag arbeider hun i sitt eget selskap, som journalist, foredrag- sholder og møteleder. Aspaas har en særlig in- teresse for hvordan men- nesker behandler hveran- dre, og hva som driver oss. Hun er også aktiv musiker og sanger. FULBRIGHT ALUMNIFORENINGEN 40 ÅR DEL 1 – TANKEGODSET En god venn er en som tar belastningen med å fortelle – direkte inspirert av mannen som har gjort det mulig oss ubehagelige sannheter. Intensjonene er gode, og for oss, og millioner av studenter fra hele verden, det ligger ekte omtanke bak. I denne boken ønsker vi å bli kjent med oss selv og verden på en helt ny måte å gi uttrykk for våre blandede følelser overfor USA – senator J. William Fulbright. AV KATHRINE ASPAAS oget bukter seg gjennom de !ate våtmarkene Verden drives så til de der biler er oksygen for gutter, slik sko og klær var det USA mer alvorlig enn noen gang, og president Barack utenfor New York City. Finanskrisen hyler grader fremover av myk makt. for jentene i Sex and the City. De fete bilene i serien Obama kommer ingen vei med sine løsningsforslag i rundt hjørnene og USAs nest rikeste mann, Mens selskaper som Google, Fa- er ikke amerikanske. De er tyske (Mercedes S-klasse), Kongressen. Som om ikke dette var nok, kaster Warren Warren Bu#et, søker "nansiell sikkerhet cebook og Apple lukter av kom- italien ske (Maserati) eller japanske (Lexus). Klarere Bu#ett en brannfakkel inn i debatten, i form av et dypt- Tnettopp i toget der jeg sitter denne junidagen i 2011 munikasjon, gode relasjoner og kan dommen ikke bli: Ungdommen drømmer ikke følt hjertesukk i avisen New York Times. – i Amtrak – i trauste jernbaneaksjer. ”Keep to what lenger om en amerikansk bil. USA har tapt kampen på ”Våre ledere har oppfordret til ”delt oppofrelse”, men 12 fete overskudd, lukter det død 13 you know”, er den garvede investorens uslitelige mot- hjemme bane. Japanske Toyota har i !ere år på rad solgt de sparte meg. Jeg sjekket med mine megarike venner og gigantiske budsjettunder- to. Avisene forteller om førstedame Michelle Obamas !ere biler i USA enn både Ford og Chrysler. for å høre om den "nansielle smerten de venter seg, innbitte kamp mot fett og sukker – mot overvekten skudd av den tradisjonelle Og det stopper ikke her. I sin hardnakkede tro på og lærte at også de har sluppet unna. Mens de fattige som i økende grad truer den amerikanske folkehelsen harde makten. menneskets frie valg, har USAs befolkning lenge valgt og middelklassen kjemper for oss i Afghanistan, og de – slett ikke ukontroversielt i landet med noen av ver- kortsiktig nytelse fremfor å jobbe for langsiktige mål, !este amerikanere sliter for å få endene til å møtes, fort- dens største sukkerprodusenter. og symptomene er mange: Høyt forbruk og lav spar- setter vi megarike å få våre ekstraordinære skattelettel- Selv sitter jeg og kjenner på den intense gleden som fra Jemen synger så kulturelle fordommer smelter og ing over lang tid. Et økende antall barn som dropper ser”, skriver Bu#ett i artikkelen Stop Coddling the Super- alltid fyller meg når jeg kommer til Amerika. Luktene – tårene triller over hele den !ate verden. Verden drives ut av skolen. En stadig mer overvektig befolkning. Et Rich, som har gått verden rundt denne høsten. Den 71 av pretzels og grillet mais – de nye bøkene hos Barnes så til de grader fremover av myk makt. Selskaper som "nansmarked som belønner kortsiktighet. En Kongress år gamle investoren avkler det "nansielle og politiske & Nobles – valnøttmu$nsen hos Starbucks – for ikke Google, Facebook og Apple lukter av kommunikasjon, der politikerne stirrer på egne posisjoner, og nekter å systemet som har gjort ham rik. Slik viser han hvordan å snakke om musikken. Jeg er bekymringsfullt villig til gode relasjoner og fete overskudd, mens det lukter død, samarbeide for landets beste. det som har vært den amerikanske drømmen for noen å se gjennom "ngrene med betydelige utenrikspolitiske dårlig omdømme og gigantiske budsjettunderskudd av De som har besøkt USA de siste ti årene – og det er få, kan ha utviklet seg til et mareritt for de mange. overtramp fra landet som har fostret George Gershwin, den
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