~ May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39

and Canada, which were associate members of the OEEC, are full members of the 20-na­ tion OECD. In addition to the United States and Canada, the other members are the six Common Market countries, the United King­ es om Organi- dom, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, z ation for Economic Cooperation and Devel­ Portugal, Switzerland, Austria, Greece, Spain, opment (OECD) held its third session in Par­ Turkey, and Ireland. Ls, France, on March 19-21, 1962 . Theagen­ da for the meeting included: (1) Study of sub­ Under the OECD, a Fisheries Committee sLdies and other financial support to fisher­ was established to carry out a program to Les of member countries, (2) Report on the promote the harmonious development of fish­ European market for canned fish, (3) Study eries and to iron out trade problems. This of sanitary regulations affecting international Com mit tee will have close links with the trade in fish and fish products, (4) Market OECD Trade Committee and others concerned s Ltuation for Icelandic fish products, (5) with economic policies. Since September T€chnical assistance programs in less-de­ 1961, the Committee has met twice to begin veloped member countries, and (6) Work pro­ work on such major trade problems as sub­ gram for Fisheries Committee in 1962 and sidies and supports, import restrictions, san­ 1963. itary requirements, and marketing practices. A. W. Anderson, formerly Assist ant Di­ rector of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial ORGANIZATION FOR ,? isheries and now Regional Fisheries At­ ECONOMIC COOPERA· a che in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the U. S. TION & DEVELOPMENT epresentative on the Fisheries Committee. COUNCIL OF "'!NISUn On September 30, 1961, the OECD sup- ~ l anted the Organization for European Eco­ EXECUTIVE S(ClnAJIA' mic Cooperation (OEEC). The United States COMMInEE

ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERA. D£VEtOf>MENT (CONOMIC TKHNICAl T.... DE AG.'CULTUItf FlSHEIlfS TlON .\ DEVELOPMENT ASSISlANCf POUCY A$SI$TAH(l

~'''1

Fig. 2 - A Fisheries Committee in OECD will work closely with other committees concerned with economic policies of member countries.

The program of the Committee involves confrontations and consultations between member countries on fisheries policies, ex­ amining problems of mutual interest, study­ Pi~ . 1 . Through cooperative actiOns, OECD will spur economic ing market situations for major fishery prod­ growth, encourage trade, and aid lesser-developed countries. ucts, improving trade, and assisting develop- 40 COMMERCIAL FISHE RIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. :;

International (Contd.): ters within the Soviet 12 -mile limit, includi::!:~ the Nordfargrunden fishing bank in the Var­ oping countries in problems of production, anger Bay area, and the Hen6y banks off Cape export, and distribution. ~ iemetski. Both were important fishing grounds for 1 orwegians until the Soviet Uni o r extended the limit of its territorial waters ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERA· OECD shortly aft r World War II to 12 miles. TlON & OEVEWPMENT FISHERIES COMMITTEE Two nations, Great Britain and the Sovie -

1'1I0GRA111 Of WORK •• 1962 nion, have so far signed pacts with orwa· to secure rights within 1ts extended fishery~ 51 IEIoIOV AL Of SUISlOlU AND ~T 'URlCTIONS zone. .L egotiations with France are expecte

..oMOTI OUAUTT STAHDAlOS to start soon. (1 ews of orway, March 15, 1962 . )

SIMPUfY iAHlTAIV llOUU. TlONS INTERNATIONAl NORTH PACIFlC FUR SEAL COMMISSION ,.OMOTI fISH CONSUMnlON

REPORT 01" FIFTH A "1' AL, lEETL·G: Fig. 3 - The OECD Fisheries Committee will promote hannom­ The International orth Pacific Fur Seal OllS development of fisheries and iron out trade problems. Commission approved continuat'on of itswiFebruary 7 -9, 1962. report on "Fishery Policies in Western Eu­ rope and North America" describing the fish­ Established under the provision of the 19. eries in each country, the tariff and support Interim Convention on Conservation of the policies, and recommending removal of many Torth Pacific Fur Seals, the Commission i of the barriers hampering trade in fishery composed of representatives from the merr: products. ber countries of Canada, Japan, the . S. S. R and the United States. The Commissioner TERRITORIAL F1SHING RIGHTS are George R. Clark, De put y Minister c Fisheries of Canada; l\Iasayoshi Ito, Dire.ct NORWAY AND U. S. S. R. of the Fisheries Agency, 1:inistry of AgrlC CONCLUDE NEGOTIATIONS: ture and Forestry of Japan, Aleksander A. Officials of the Soviet Union and -Norway, Ishkov, Minister of the U S. S. R. and Chief on February 22, 1962, signed an agreement the Main Administration of Fish Economy on fishing rights in territorial waters·based Gosplan; and Ralph C. Baker, Chief of the on the principle of reciprocity. Negotiations vision of Resource Development, U. S. Bu­ on the new pact were conducted at Moscow. reau of Commercial Fisheries. The Com­ The agreement is subject to approval by the mission meeting, which began on Februarr two governments. 7 was preceded by a meeting of the StandlDl Scientific Committee of the Commission fr-() : The pact will give Soviet fishermen the January 29 to February 6. right to operate between 6 and 12 nautical miles off the Norwegian coast, until October The North Pacific Fur Seal Commission 31, 1970. Similar privileges were extended has as its major responsibility the investigc to British fishermen under the British-Nor­ tion of the fur seal resources of the North _ wegian pact of November 17, 1960. Pacific Ocean. The objective of this in~es t1 gation is to determine the measures w~l~L In return, Norwegian fishermen will en­ will make possible the maximum sustalll t joy special rights to operate in certain wa- yield from those resources, with due regarc May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41

International (Contd.): with some United States tagged seals appear­ ing on Robben and the Commander Islands for their relation to the productivity of other and some Soviet-tagged seals appearing on Living marine resources in the area. the Pribilofs.

Under the terms of the Convention pelagic For some years past there has been evi­ sealing (killing of seals at sea) is forbidden dence of overcrowding conditions on the main except for certain specific numbers that may Pribilof Islands breeding grounds and as a e taken pelagic ally by scientists of the mem­ corrective measure, with the Commissionts er countries for research purposes and the approval, the United States has included in perations of aborigines using p rim i t i ve its commercial take specified numbers of eapons. All harvesting is done on the breed­ surplus female seals. It was noted that in 'ng grounds under the control of the Soviet spite of this female kill, together with the Government on Robben Island in the sea of loss occurring through natural causes, the khotsk and the Commander Islands in the number of females is estimated to be larger estern Bering Sea, and under the control than the level calculated to be necessary for f the United States on the Pribilof Islands optimum production. 'n the Eastern Bering Sea. During 1961 the ommercial land take by the U. S. S. R. was Research at sea in 1962 will again begin a O,882 seals and by the U. S., 95,974 animals. in February and will generally be along the he Convention contains a provision where- lines mentioned above. On land the scientists -:J Canada and Japan each receive 15 percent will, among other matters, give attention to i the seal skins taken by the United States the numbers of seals returning to the breed­ ()mmercial operations on the b r e e din g ing grounds, natural mortality rates, repro­ rounds and, subject to certain stipulations. duction, and behaviour of the various seg­ similar percentage of the U. S. S. R.ts com­ ments of the herds. ercial take on the breeding grounds. The Commission noted the high degree of In accordance with plans developed by the co-operation that has emerged, and is being ommission, research agencies of the four continued, among the scientists of the four • articipating countries carry out research at countries. Ea. Research and management on the breed- ng grounds are conducted by the United States The United States Commissioner Ralph C. n the Pribilofs and by the Soviet Union on Baker was elected Chairman of the Commis­ .be Commander Islands a!1d on Robben Is­ sion' to serve through the next Annual Meet­ and. The scientific investigations are con­ ing and George R. Clark, the Canadian Com­ erned with dynamics of the fur seal popu­ missioner, was elected Vice-Chairman. ai:ions, distribution and migration at sea, eeding habits, and harvesting methods. The next Annual Meeting of the Commis­ sion will be held in Washington, D. C., No­ During 1961 scientists of the four mem­ vember 26, 1962. The Standing Scientific e r countries conducted extensive research- Committee will meet for three days prior to at sea and the results of the operations, that date to consider the results of the yeart s e»gether with those of the U. S. S. R. and the investigations and its report to the Commis- J:ni.ted States on the breeding grounds under sion. elr respective controls, were reviewed by Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1962 p. 32. e Commission. Reports on the pelagic in­ e stigations provided valuable information FOOD AND AGRlCULTURE ORGANlZA TION n the migratory patterns and range of feed­ g hab its of the seals. An extens i ve tagging SITE SELECTED FOR WORLD rogram was conducted on the breeding TUNA CONGRESS IN 1962: rounds as part of the scientific studies; So­ The Art Center in La Jolla, Calif., has et scientists tagged 10,472 seal pups on been selected as the site for the WorldScien­ c::lbben Island and 11,069 on the Commander tific Meeting on the Biology of Tuna and Re­ lands, and United States scientists tagged lated Species, scheduled for July 2-14, 1962. 0,000 pups and 740 yearlings and two-year- The meeting is sponsored by the Food and Ld seals on the Pribilof Islands. Recovery Agriculture Organization of the nited Ta­ r tags from recaptured young seals indi­ tions. It is being held in the United States at attes a certain intermingling of the herds the invitation of the United States Govern- 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. :>

International (Contd. ): WHALING ment a nd wit h the cooperation of t he State of NORWEGI REPORT S LES OF California and Scripps Institution of Oceanog­ 1961/62 S E SOl 'S WH U~ OIL: raphy. Ac cor ding t o ne wspa per reports, 45,000 long t ons of whale oil ha ve be n sold to the Southern California, largest Brit ish buy.r a nd u ser at L50 (US$l center of the important per long t on, which is t he lowest price sine. United States tuna fishing 1945. The seller s a r : orway 17,000 tons industry, is a natural lo­ Japan 20,000 tons, and the nited Kingdom cation for the meeting. 7, 000 tons . The L therlands is said to have Annual landings of tuna in been offered the sam p ric for 5,000 tons. that area are valued at ( nited States Embassy, Copenhagen, repor more than $40 million at of larch 12, Hl62 . ) dockside. ATOMIC-POWERED MAIliNE RESEARCH VES SEL The world tuna catch in 1960, produced by fishermen of 50 nations, amounted to a­ l. TO r comm ndatlOn on the construction) bout 1i billion pounds. By 1970 it is pre­ an atomIc-powered marine resea rch vesse] dicted that the world demand for tuna will by th Organization for Economic and Cooj>­ be double this amount. Already the fleets of erative Development resulted f rom the Jam:­ the major tuna fishing nations are ranging ary 25 meeting in Le Havre, France, of a the world's oceans in search of these valu­ study group of experts who visited a FreDe 11 able fishes. If the maximum catch is to be shIpyard speclallzmg In mar in e research achieved and sustained in the face of in­ vessel::;, according to a repor t i n Berlingsl/;e creasing fishing pressure, scientific esti­ Tidende, January 30, 1962 . T his vas corrc:t mates of this maximum sustainable harvest Iorated by the Dan'sh member (an engineer ' J must be made as quickly as possible. The I the nuclear r actor division of a CopenhagEr World Tuna Congress will review the status Ifirm) of the study group. of knowledge and recommend programs of research, development, and management. The European Tuclear Energy gency (E1 TEA), OECD's cooperative atomic organ!.' The meeting has attracted wide attention zation, e::;tablished the study group in OctaD among fishery scientists and tuna industry 1961 . ccordmgto a Danis h member, the gr 0 people. Wide attendance from the Un i ted is studying three atomic -powered project~ States and foreign countries is expected. the marine research vess el in France, abu Note: See Co=ercial Fisheries Review, December 1961 p. 61. carrier in S veden, and a tanker in the l Yeti - erlands. The group planned to visit )'lalmf' INTERNATIONAL NORTI-IWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION about February 16 to dISCU SS the atomiC -I> ered bulk carrier. Later it was to visit tn

SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING: l Tetherlands in connection with the propose A 19-man delegation represented Japan to construct an at omic-powered tanker. (J at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Northwest uary 30, 1962, report from the RegionalFi Pacific F ish e r i e s Commission (Japan- eries Attache, nited States Embassy, Co U. S. S. R.) which convened in Moscow on hagen. ) F ebruary 26, 1962. Nine members of the Note: See Co=erclal Fisheries Revlew, March 1962 p. 35. Japanese fisheries delegation departed To­ kyo February 22. The delegation was headed by Iwao Fujita, Vice President of Japan Fish­ eries Association, and also chairman of this sixth annual meeting of the Commis sion. He Angola was accompanied by Commissioner Sunichi Oguchi, Chief, Production Divis ion, Fisher­ FISHING INDUSTRY TRE DS, 1961: ies Agency, and fisheries experts a nd a d­ The A ngolan fishing industr y throughout 1961 was pl~J E visers. Industry advisers left Japa n ear ly with low fish meal prices, small c atches, poor organlZat .:~ in March. obsolete equipment , and a shortage of credit. Only 105,1 . metric tons of fish valued at US$2 131 014 were caught b~ Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1962 p . 32. A ngola ' s fishing fleets during the first six months of 196:1 May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43

Angola (Contd.): Brazil

(latest figures available) compared to 152,545 tons valued JAPANESE FISHING VESSELS IN BRAZIL at $2,621,503 caught during the same perIOd m 1960. TO CHANGE TO BRAZILIAN REGISTRY: Although the quantity of exports of Ang.olan fishery prod­ The three large Japanese fishing companies which operate ts as considerably higher durmg the flrst three quart~r s fishing bases in Brazil for whaling, trawling, and tuna flshing, u~ 19;1 than during the same period in 1960 (table 1), thelr reportedly faced the possible prospect of having to terminate value per ton declined from $131.80 to $121.31. their operations in that country following the shake-up in the ~verage Brazilian Government in the fall of 1961. The Brazilian Gov­ ernment has instituted strict foreign exchange regulations and Table 1 - Angola's Principal Fishery Exports, has demanded that the Japanese firms abide by the law whiCh January-September 1961 and 1960 states that one-third of the crew on foreign vessels operatlng out of Brazil must be Brazilian nationals, and which calls for January- September the replacement of foreign vessel officers with Brazilian na­ 1961 1960 tionals. This problem is said to have been overcome under Commodity the arrangement whereby most of the Japanese fishing ves­ Quantity Value Quantity Value sels presently operating out of Brazil will be changed to Brazilian registry. Metric US$ Metric US$ Ton 1,000 Ton 1,000 Under this arrangement, the two Japanese firms, which jointly operate 2 whaling vessels (No. 1. and HQ, £ Daishin Maru) and 4 tuna vessels out of Brazil, will switch to Bra­ 32 , 918 2,779 21,039 1,963 Fish meal •..•. zilian registry the No. Daishin Maru and 2 tuna vessels 1,978 210 4,239 524 1. Fish oil . . .. (one of 300 and the other of 320 tons gross). In addition, IDried fish. • • .• 15,367 2,670 8,646 1,654 they will also register, under the Brazilian flag, another 99- ranned fish .•.. 1,201 590 799 435 ton tuna vessel not now a part of their Brazilian fleet. The ( No.2 Daishin Maru and the 2 remaining tuna vessels will A Government subsidy to fish meal exporters of $5 ?er be assigned elsewhere, although the tuna vessels will con­ t on for machine-dried meal and $10 per ton for sun-dned tinue to operate in the Atlantic Ocean. meal was withdrawn at the beginning of 1961, but other sup­ ~orts were continued throughout the year, such as. a ~4-per­ The third Japanese firm operates 3 whaling vessels cent reduction in the price of Diesel fuel for the flshmg (NQ. 11. El!m! Maru, No. l1. Seki Maru, and No. !.Q Higashi fleet and exemptions from export duties for fishery. pr.od­ Maru) 9 trawlers, and 1 tuna vessel, out of Brazil. The ~cts. Some credit was also made available to the flshmg firm plans to recall the whaler No. 15 Higashi Mar~ ."l.nd the one tuna vessel, and to register under the Brazlhan industry by the Fishing Indush'y Aid Fund an~ the Bank of A.ngola to cover expenditures m connectIOn wlth r.eady.mg flag the 9 trawlers. Originally, the Japanese brm had also t1le fleets for the 1961 fishing season. That the sltuatIOn planned on transferring to Brazilian registry the 2 whaling vessels U'iQ. ~ Fumi Maru and No. l1. Sekl ~arul. How­ a.ud morale of the Angolan fishing industry remain~ very ever these two vessels are presently operatmg on the Ant­ ~oo r was, however, illustrated by a recent artlc1e In the arctic whaling gro',mds and, in their place, the Japanese firm Benguela newspaper which claimed that 90 percent of the" wants to transfer two other whalers from its Kosmos whahng industry is convinced of the "hopelessness of ItS struggle fleet, which it had originally purchased from Norway (United States Consulate, Luanda, February 16, 1962.) All three Japanese fishing firms are presentl.r report~d to be negotiating methods of handling payments involved In the transfer of vessel registries. (Suisan Tsushll3, Febru­ ary 17 and 26, 1962.) Australia • TUNA FISHERY TRENDS AS OF JANUARY 1962: The 1961/62 tuna season on the New South Wales south coast was over on January 7, Burma 962, The following week the only tuna landed CANNED FISH BIDS CANCELLED: as 827 pounds at Eden. The total for the On March 13, 1962, the Burmese Govern­ eason was estimated at 1,737 short tons. ment purchasing agency offered to buy can­ This was 30 percent less than the 1960/61 ned sardine or canned saury on international c atch. Continuous bad weather and recur­ bidding. However, on March 15, the Japanese r ing storms throughout the 1961/62 tuna sea­ canned foods exporters received inform at Son hampered fishing. that the bids were cancelled due to the Bur­ mese Government's sudden issuance of in­ The South Australian season opened on structions banning canned fish imports. But January 16, 1962, when three vessels took it is felt that the Burmese Government will 75 tons of tuna. About 12-14 vessels were eventually negotiate with Japan for d,eliver expected to fish tuna during the season of of canned sardine and canned saury m the which 5 would be from New South Wales. form of reparations payments. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, February L9 62.) A South African firm reportedly underbid all other foreign firms with an offer to se~l ,. ~~ 54000 cases of I-lb. tall 48 1 s,!J for 43 shil­ - .!> .. . , . lin'gs 8 pence (US$6.11 per case). The Japa­ • .!./Type of pack not indicated but believed to b natural. 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, NO.5 ,

Burma (Contd.): manufacture of margarine and shortening. Canadian imports of fish oil during Januarv. nese exporters are reported to have made September 1961 increased substantially--t~ e bids of 57 shillings 6 pence (US$8.05) for l­ United States supplied over 13 millionpounCls Ib. tall canned saury, 34 shillings 4 pence and Iceland 4 million pounds. (United States (US$4.77) for 8-oz. tall (buffet style) saury, Embassy, Ottawa, report of March 1, 1962 ,] and 58 shillings 4 pence (US$8.17) for I-lb. oval sardines~/. (Suisan Shimbun, March 16, * * * * * 1962.) ?JJapanese prices are believed to be for canned fish packed in NEW BRUNSWICK FISH MEAL PRICES, tomato sauce. FEBRUARY 1962: Fish-meal prices (60-percent protein) quoted by New Brunswick producers the latt part of February 1962 averaged about C$12 6 a short ton ($2.10 a protein unit) for both e:< Canada ports and domestic sales. The price in Fell ruary was 5 percent higher than in JanuarT BRITISH COLUMBIA HERRING LANbINGS when fish meal sold at C$120 a short ton AND PRODUCTS, 1956/57-1961/62: ($2.00 a protein u'nit). (United States Consu Herring landings in British Columbia dur­ Saint John, N.B., February 27,1962.) ing the 1961/62 season were 30.4 percent greater in quantity than in the previous sea­ son. This season's fish meal production was DOGFISH LIVER SUBSIDY PROgRAM: up 27.5 percent and fish oil production was The Canadian Department of Fisheries Clr1 up 58.2 percent as compared with the previ- March 7, 1962, announced that the dogfish Liv 0us season. er subsidy program on the West Coast had

British Columbia Herrin Landin~ and Products 1961/62 Season,with Comparisons Season Ending Unit Mar. 10, 1962 Mar. 18, 1961Y Mar. 12, 1960.v Mar. 14, 1959 Mar. 15, 1958!1 Mar. 16, 195 i!=:~p~in,9s: ~1::!Q. ~: Northern .. .. Tons 33,254 47,088 23,239 10,980 11,286 31 , 0CJ4, Central , ... " 39,032 43,505 10,919 40,628 14,965 36,2 :n O. C Islands " 16 604 2 896 3 121 23 058 13 774 29 0& Distri"t No. ~ L0' ier F..lst Coast " 51,821 31,309 55,582 51,648 18,284 43,3!lSt Middle East Coast " 20,561 10,023 20,014 10, 183 9,932 20, OCJL Upper East Coast " 13,294 2,978 10,005 15,015 3,470 15,04"; We.t Ccast ••• " 49 595 34 142 62 273 78 122 12 624 5 tCl. r 1'0",1 1&",,_ " 224 161 171 941 185 153 229 634 84 335 179 ~ 12ducts Produced: Balt .•••••• Tons 575 1,619 848 1,046 ?J 1,1 1 Meal •••••• " 39,535 31,014 34,492 42,307 14,886 32,5 j Oil .•••••• Imp. gals. 4,676,991 2,956,948 4,585,307 4,545,845 1,900,775 3,452 ,7 6 ,-=1 !roited operations. ~/Less than three Companies reporting. -- ISource: Canadian De:eartment of Fisheries. Vancouver. B. C. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1961 p. 43.

~,**** been extende"d to allow for the take up of tli remaining C$12,000 left in the subsidy al,l() HERRING OIL TRENDS: cation fo'r the fiscal year 1961/1962 (endlr1 Canada's herring oil price at Toronto in March 31). At the rate of 12 cents per pOll January 1962 averaged 7.67 Canadian cents for the livers this means that 100,000 pou n a pound. This was substantially lower than would be accepted for subsidy prior to Mar'l t"e 1961 annual average price of 8.97 cents 31, 1962. As of March 21, a total of 55,000 a pound and the 1960 annual average of 8.66 pounds of livers had been delivered under tL cents a pound. (The annual averages are extension. based on monthly average prices.) A total of C$150 , 000 was earmarked byr- i Canada's fish oil consumption in 1961 the Government to cover the subsidy prog more than doubled and represented more for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1962. than 15 percent of the total oils used in the The Department had terminated the progr-aL! :May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5

Canada (Contd.): with two dories, and ach dory ha po r block. The catch will b pump d h on November 6, 1961, as it looked like all the purse seine into the v ss 1. funds available for the program had been ex­ pended. But later it was determined that C$12,000 had not been used. * * * * '" Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1962 p. 46. JOINT SOUTH AFRICA! '-CHILEA FI 11 .TO BUILD FISH 1E L PLA T: The Chairman of a South African roup of fishing companies announced in Janu r 1 62 that the investment company of th group h Chil. made a "most interesting and, trust, prof- itable investment" in the Chilean fishin in­ NORWEGIAN FIRM BUILDS dustry . A 50-50 arrang ment had b n m d REDUCTION PLANT IN CHILE: with a Chilean organization wh r b' a n A Bergen, Norway, firm early this year company has been formed. was constructing a fish reduction plant in Chile, according to the January 24 issue of The firm now contemplates that a fish m Fiskaren, a Norwegian fishery trade peri­ reduction plant with a capacity of 50 m tnc adical. tons per hour will be built at Iquique in north­ ern Chile. It will start operations early n xt year. -~ - A fleet of nine fishing boats will b built m Chile to supply the plant with raw fish. Th South African firm estimates the plant could handle 360,000 tons of fish per year if op r­ .. ated continuously with no off-sea on. n SIX months of operation and an 8-hour day, thl intake would be reduced to about 60,000 ton . 44 - The South African group will s nd t chm­ cal personnel to Chile to supervis th d 51 and construction of the plant (to be bUllt b another South African company) and to ram Chilean labor to operate it.

The South African group exp c s that i SOtJrH 1961 profit figure from its \ alVls Bay can­ 4 AMERICA nery and fish meal plant will reach and po - sibly exceed that of 1960. The factory chi v - its full quota of 62,500 tons of f1Sh land d. The cannery packed over one mllhon c r 0 of pilchards. (Report from Um d Sta on- sulate, Cape Town, South Africa, da d J 94 o 86 uary 31, 1962.) Note: See Commerclill EWi rI I~. J r) 1 2 p.

Th~ factory will have a capacity of 5,000 ectohters or 465 metric tons each 24 hours, nd it is deemed a certainty that the p I ant 111 receive raw material for operations 300 Denmark a ' S of each 'ear. It will be equipped with Orwegian reduction machinery.

The Torwegian company' s fishing vessel nior was scheduled to leave for Chile the nd of January 1962 with complete equipment fl h for anchovies. The \Tessel is equipped 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.

Denmark (Contd.): mostly cod and related species were shippe to the United States in January 1962,

Denmark's Exports of Fr sh and froren Flm Fillet.! and locka I and Fishel)' ByproduC:I$, January 196211

Product an. -Dec

Edible Products: FiTiCts and blocks: Cod and rela d species 30,027 Flounder and Ie 26,008 Herring .•.• 13,959 Other ••••. 1 130 otal 4 71 124 (Short Tons) • , ..

The fishel)' for plaice is the most valuable in Denmark. Many plaice are marketed alive in fish shops, but the production of fillets is increasing each year, reaching 24,000 metnc tons 10 Denmark' s January 1962 exports of fish 1960. meal, fish solubles, and other similar prod, In the year 1961, Denmark shipped 10.5 million pounds ucts were 172 short tons or 5.4 percent gre a1 of frozen fish fillets and blocks to the United States, mostly er than m the same month of 1961. The Un!t e cod and related species. Kingdom and \ est Germany ~ere the prine. Almost 21.2 million pounds (42.5 percent) more fresh pal buyers. and frozen fillets and blocks were exported by Denmark in the year 1961 than in 1960. * * * * * Denmark's Exports of Fresh and Frozen Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Byproducts, 1961 and 196011 One of Europe s most modern freezers December Jan.-Dec. ' Product was opened in Skagen, important fishing po:r 1961 1960 1961 1960 on the northern tip of Denmark, in January 1962. Unlike most freezers and cold-stora:. .•.... (1,000 Lbs.) .....• 1 warehouses in Denmark, it is all on one fie> ' ~ Products: I Fillets and blocks: Frozen products are stacked to a height of { Cod and related species 1,491 1,286 30,027 24,392 feet with fork lift trucks in storage rooms, Flounder and sole ...• 1,493 1,615 26,008 23,259 Herring ..••••••••• 2,246 - 13,959 - whose temperature is -220 F . • bout 2,200 Other ...... 49 ~/616 1,130 ~/2,272 short tons--18,000 boxes of herring--canb stored. Later modifications will oermits Total 5,279 3,517 71,124 49,923 ...... ment by refrigerated ships as weil as refr: • ..... (Short Tons) •..... erated rail cars, according to the January Industrial Products: issue of BtJrsen. (Fisheries Attache, UnitE Fish meal, solubles, & similar products .... 1,94014,670 I 49,7331 42,377 States Embassy, Copenhagen, February 26 l/S~~~~ts from the Faroe Islands and Greenland direct to foreign cOuntrte. not i.o- 1962.) Z/lncludes herring fillets.

There was a drop of 2,730 short tons (58.5 percent) in Denmark's exports of fish meal, fish solubles and other FISH SALTI G MACHI E PATENTED: similar products in December 1961 as compa;ed with the same month of 1960. But exports of those products for the A Danish fisheries exporter in Esbjer... year 1961 were 7,356 tons or 17.4 percent greater than for 1. C, C, Dyekjaer, in February 1962 re~el 1960. a patent on a machine which salts fish 10 ~, fourth the time normally required, accord::J FISH FILLETS AND BLOCKS AND to the February 14 issue of Vestkysten, alI, FISHERY BYPRODUCTS EXPORTS, Esbjerg daily newspaper. The first exper::J JANUARY 1962: ments with the machine began in 1957 ~nd Denmark exported 155,000 pounds or 3.2 1958 in the inventor's own plant in EsbJerg percent more fresh and frozen fish fillets Later it was tested in filleting plants at NBd., and blocks during January 1962 than in the sak, Julianehaab, and Godtaab in Greenla.n.. same month of 1961. Only 210,000 pounds, All have expressed satisfaction with the 1D vention. :::May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47

Denmark (Contd.): I and the fillet plants which also buy at other ports. It also is expected to improve working The machine consists of a c onveyer belt practices at the auction hall. After the first which transports the fresh fis h fillets under week's operation it appeared that the only a row of devices like hypode r m i c ne e dl e s. failures to report were due to unawareness of The points of the needles pierce the fillets, the regulation or defective radiophones. injecting a saturated s olution of s alt brine, which immediately salts the fish. T he fis h In 1961, 2,036 fishermen were registered are fully salted after piling only once . T his in Esbjerg, and 534 cutters of over 5 gross takes less than eight day s , a s compared with tons. Esbjerg receives more landings than 21 to 28 days normally . The new machine is any other Danish port, owing to its favorable expected to save spa ce a nd increas e produc­ location on the North Sea on the west coast of iivity to a considerable de gree. Jutland. The 1961 landings totaled 181,000 metric tons of which 158,000 tons was indus­ Several Danish machine shops approached trial fish for reduction into oil and meal, for ~ere unable to take over t he manufacturing fish and fur animal food, and for ensilage. problem, so it was turned ove r to a Lubeck, The remaining 23, 000 tons was food fish sold West Germany, firm, a well known manufac­ through the auction hall. (Fisheries Attache, turer of fish filleting and skinning machines . . United States Embassy, Copenhagen, Febru­ "This company has the producti on rights and ary 26, 1962.) patent rights in foreign c ountries. The ma­ chine is expected to go into mass production soon. It is believed t o be especially well suited for installation in trawlers. (Report FISHERMEN TO SUPPLY of February 26, 1962, from the Fisheries DATA ON EARNINGS: Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen.) The subcommittee established by the Fish­ eries Commission to look into the costs and ****~~ earnings of the Danish fishing Industry has decided to send a questionnaire to 10 percent BSBJERG FISHING VESSELS of the Danish fishermen who operate inde­ MUST HAIL CATCH: pendently, in order to obtain concrete facts Beginning F ebruary 1, 1962, Esbjerg fish­ on their earnings. The purpos e is to provide Lng craft were r equired by the Esbjerg Fish­ factual information for the governmental au­ e ries Association to estimate their food fish thorities to use when questions of profits or 1 andings and report them to the harbor mas­ losses in the fish-producing segment of the t er not later than 3:00 p.m. of the day prior industry arise. t a landing. The quantity of each species must At present, neither the fishermen, who claim they are losing money because of too low prices, or the governmental authorities, who point to the increased catches and record exports, are able to make a convincing cas e. Questionnaires will be sent to fishermen in 20 ports this year. Since the fishermen may have to obtain assistance from accountants to complete the questionnaires properly, the sub­ committee is seeking, through the Fisheries Ministry, to pay 15 kroner (US$2.18) to fisher­ men for each usable questionnaire. The Fish­ eries Ministry official in charge of the ques­ tionnaire program states that between 250 and 300 completed questionnaires were expected from the 20 fishing ports. typical Danish fishing vessel. This vessel, built in 1960, is 52.3 '9I'OSS tons , has a 248 h p. motor and its home port is Skagen. Care was being exercised to obtain re­ e reported and it must not differ more than sponses from an appropriate cross-section o percent from the actu a l landings , which of the fish-producing industry, including pound net and other gear operators as well as ves­ asust OCcurl 'prior to 9'30.• a m . The regulation paced III effect to aid buye rs for export sel owners, and from those who were making, 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. ) 1

Denmark (Contd.): 1M PO RT S AND EXPORTS OF FISH BODY OILSl 1961: as well as those who were losing, money . We st Germany 's imports of fish body o'lIs The data will be for the calendar year 1962 in 1961 were 12.3 percent less in quantity and the questionnaires will be sent t o a ddi - tha n in 1960. The drop in value for the sam ~ tional ports in years to come until a ll ha ve peri od was 14.3 percent because in 1961 fi sb been covered. (February 26 report of the oil pric es declined. Two of the principal s u Fisheries Attache, United States Embass y, pliers of fish body oil to West Germanyare Copenhagen. ) Per u and the United States. But while the United States in 1960 supplied 27.7 percent () the tot al imports, in 1961 it dropped to onl y I 8 .8 percent. On the other hand, whereas P e:r supplied 32 .4 perc ent of the total fish oil i In. German Federal Republic ports in 1 960, t hat c ountry 's share rose to 61.8 percent in 1961. FISH OIL MARKET AS OF MARCH 1962: A leading Bremen fish oil importer stated West Germa ny' s exports of fish body oi Is that sales of fish body oil continued to de- in 1961 we re s lightly gre ater (0.4 percent) i r cline late in February and early March 1962. quantity than in 1 960. But the value of the eK The Pe.ruvians have maintained their fish oil ports in 1961 was down 10.9 percent becau se ,e price at $115 per metric ton (5.2 U. S. cents of lower prices. Nor wa y and Sweden are t wo o ) Table 1- West Germany's J/ Imports and Expons of Edible Fish Body Oils, 1961 and 1960

1961 1960 Origin Avg. Avg. Quantity Value Price QuantitY Value Price

Deutsche Deutsche MetriC Marks US$ MetriC Marks US$ --Tons 1,000 1,000 ¢/Lb. -Tons- 1,000 1,000 ¢/Lb. Imports: Total Imports .... 55788 32987 8,247 6.7 57871 38 477 9619 75 Principal Suppliers: United States •••• 4,913 2,710 678 6.3 16,021 10,874 2,719 7.7 Peru ••••••••• 34,461 19,964 4,991 6.6 18,743 11,870 2,968 7.2

~: Total Exports ••••• 21,006 l2.222 3,056 6.6 20930 13717 3 429 74 Principal Buyers: Norway •••••••• 8,980 5,479 1,370 6.9 12,073 7,845 1,961 7.4 Sweden ...... 8,594 5046 1,262 6.7 5,506 3,691 923 7.6 l/Includes West Berlin. Data are preliminary.

a pound), c.Lf. Rotterdam, and United States of the princ ipal buy ers of oil from West Ge oil is quoted at $113 (5.1 U. S. cents a pound), many. Norway in 1 961 bought 42.7 percent same basis; however, very few sal e s are Germany ' s exports of oil as compared to 5 transacted at these prices. percent in 1960; Sweden in 1961 bought 40. The largest British buyer and user bought percent as compared to 26.3 percent in 19f1 50,000 metric tons of whale oil early this (March 9, 1962, report from the United Sta year at about L50 per long ton (6.3 U. S. Consula t e, Bremen.) cents a pound), c.Lf. Rotterdam. Mounting pressure is exerted on oil prices by 220,000 tons of unsold whale oil. Under FISH MEAL PRICES, prevailing conditions, margarine manufac­ MARCH 7, 196 2 : turers are unwilling to pay more than $110 a Prices reporte d at Hamburg Commodity ton (5.0 U. S. cents a pound) for Peruvian oil. Exchange a s of Ma r c h 7, 1962, for fish mea (U. S. Consulate, Bremen, March 9, 1962.) delivered ex-Hamburg warehouse, or c. & j , * * * * * West German sea port were as folloWS: May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE VIEW 49

German Federal Republic (Contd.):

__------.------~--._------_.--~------_r------~ Type of Fish Meal Protein Content flo) Delivery DM/Metric Ton 1/ US$/Short Ton

~------_+------_+------~------4_------~

.. . • . . . . • • • • . • • . • • 65-70 Apr . 1962 610.00 138.35 ~---' ~' ~.w.~~~.~.~.~L.~.. ~ ----~65~-~7~0------1__7M~a~y .- D~e~c~.~19~6~2 __~ __~5~92~.~5 0~--~--~1~M~.~38~--~ ~~A~~~o~l~a 7.~.~.~.~•.~.~.~. ~.~• .~.~.~----~65~ -~770------1_~M~a~r~.1~9T.6~2--~~~--~6~80~.~00~--~--~1~5~4~22~--~ Icelandic herring . • . • . • . 70-75 prompt/Mar. 1962 765.00 173.50 .. cod ...... • • • 65-7 0 Mar .-Apr. 1962 747.50 169.54 ~-1~/~V~a l~u-~~co~nv~e~r~t ~~a~t ~ra~te~of~4~. 0~de-u~ts~c~he~m-a~rk-s-e~~-~~U~~~I~. ~~~~~-L--~~~-----L--~~~---1 Note: " Loco" means where and as it is at the time of s~~. and all subsequent expens~ to be at buyer's account. From~~~~~---~ February 2 to March 7 prices---~~======-- at products for export to Ghana, which had been ~ he Hamburg Exchange s howed a mixed trend. suspended since October 1961. However, ~ rices for Peruvia n fis h meal weakened and since the total value of imports authorized [w ere substantially lower early in March than for the 6 months period in 1962 amounts to ~ month earlier. On t he other hand, prices 35 percent of the total value of imports au- f or German, Sout h M r i c a, and Angolan meal thorized in 1961, exports of Japanese canned r ose during that same p eriod. (United States fish to Ghana this year are expected to be C onsulate, Brem en, report of March 9, 1962.) less than 40 percent of last y ear's total can- ned fish export, which amounted to between -¢~~ 70,000 and 100,000 cases of canned jack mack- , , - ,-" erel, canned sardine, and canned saury . It is ~I expected that the bulk of the Japanese canned hono fish products to be exported to Ghana will be fish packed in tomato sauce in 5-ounce tall cans. G()VERNMENT AUT HORIZES IMPORTS ~F JAPANESE PRODUCTS: Prices of Japanese canned sardines were According to infor mation received by t he recently reduced 100 yen (US$0.28) per case , an Export T r ade Promotion Agency's from 2,400 yen ($6.67) to 2, 300 y en ($6.39). TRO) r epresent ative stationed in Ghana, Canned saury is priced at 2,220 yen ($6 . 17) Ghanaian Government on February 23, per case. Therefore, it is believed that ne ­ 62 , issued licenses permitting imports gotiations to export canned saury will b e very m Japan during the first six months of difficult in view of the price differential of 62. The licens es issued cover applications only 80 yen ($0.22) per case between canned ceived as of September 15, 1961, and ap- s a rdine and canned saury . to importation of all kinds of products m Japan. Japan is expected to first export c anned jack mackerel, of which there are approxi­ The Ghanaian Gover nment usually does mately 35,000 cases in stock, at 1,950 yen t publicly announc e the total value author­ ($5.42) per 'case, then canned sardine, of d for import but inves tigations show that which there are about 25,000 cases in s tock . :ralue of Japanese pr oducts authorized (Suisan Tsushin, February 28, 1962.) import may total clos e to GL5 million 8$14 million). Total value of Japanese ports authorized by t he Ghanaian Govern­ ent in 1961 is estimated at GL14 million 39.2 million). Imports from Japan for Greece ,60, were valued at GL10, 830,000 ($30.3 Ihon), 1959--Gb8,580, 000 ($24 million), FROZEN FISH INDUSTRY: d 1958--Gf:.6, 780,000 ($19 million). According to the Union of Hellenic Over­ seas Fishing Enterprises, Greece's total con 8h Th~ granting of import licenses by the sumption of frozen fish during 1961 reached anaian Government is expected to expedite a total of 17, 532 metric tons as a g a i ns t ade negotiations on Japanese canned fish 12 082 tons in 1960. This considerable in- 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Greece (Contd.): Iceland crease was due to the introduction of frozen FISHERY TREl DS, M RCB 1962: fish into the markets of the interior of the T:vawler Tie-Up: The Icelandic trawler country, as a result of extensive promotion strike began March 10, 1962, as threatened. by large fishing enterprises. The state mediator has entered the dispute, which remains deadlocked. s of March 15 A total of 7,551 tons of frozen fish was the trawlers were still tied up. The owners imported during 1960. But in 1961 imports proposed publicly a reduction in the number totaled 4,844 tons. The decrease in imports of crew members and a change of watches or was due to: (1) the increase in production shifts, with 12 hours of work followed by 6 by Greek ocean freezer-trawlers; and (2) the hours of rest, instead of the present 6 hours smaller profit in handling imported frozen of work followed by 6 hours of rest. Most fish since increased production reduced owners escaped the effects of the strike tem­ prices. porarily by ha ving their vessels leave port just prior to the strike. During January 1962, four Greek freezer­ trawlers landed 1,430 tons of frozen fish as id to Trawlers: On the same day that the against December 1961 landings of 1,930 tons Government introduced a bill to aid agricul­ and January 1961 landings of 1, 120 tons. ture, it also proposed an important measure to assist the trawler industry. The proposal During the last part of 1961 and the first would be financed by an existing fisheries part of 1962 there was a substantial price catch guarantee fund which is supported by drop in frozen fish because of the increased an export tax of 1.25 percent on the catch of production by Greek freezer-trawlers oper­ the motorboats. Further financing would come ating on the fishing grounds off the northwest from a similar export tax based on the f.o.b. coast of Africa. The large Greek fishing value of fish exports from the trawlers. The firms operating freezer-trawlers are con­ est i mat e d total of 35m i 11 io n kronur cerned about the drop in prices because it (US 813,000) per year would be increased by has resulted in the curtailment of Greek fish­ a 50-percent matching payment from the Ice­ ing expansion. (Alieia" Fishing," February landic Treasury. A particular feature of the 1962.) bill is payment of 60 million kronur ( l.4 mil­ lion) to the Icelandic trawlers for their opera­ tions in 1960 and 1961, or 1. 5 million kronur ($34,800) per trawler for the two-year period.

Guatemala The critical trawler question has been hot ly debated. Shortly after this bill was placed SHRIMP FISHING VESSEL before the Althing, the i\.1inister of Fisheries LICENSES BEING GRANTED: commented that the trawlers will not be per­ An official of the Department of Hunting mitted to operate within Iceland IS 12 -mile and Fishing of the Guatemalan Directorate fish:ng limit. The new bill is designed to General of Forestry states that licenses to compensate them for part of their losses sus conduct shrimp fishing operations in Guate­ tained as a result of being excluded from th,os a mala are currently being granted. He added protected waters. Like the bill on reorgaru­ that applications for such licenses had to be zation of the agricultural funds, this one at­ prepared on official sealed paper valued at tempts to meet an emergency deficit situation 10 cents a sheet, and that these applications with a minimum of immediate impact on the had to correspond to the procedures set forth Treasury. in Decree 1470 of June 23, 1961. (United States Embassy, Guatemala, report of March Frozen Fish Sales to U.S.S.R.: OnMarcb 9, 1962.) 9, the Icelandic press announced signature of a trade protocol by representatives of the So­ viet and Icelandic Governments calling for sale of 18,000 metric tons of frozen fish fil ­ lets to the U.S.S.R. in 1962. Of that total, 13,000 tons will be cod and 5,000 tons ocean perch, with some substitutions permitted of ~ May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51

Iceland (Contd.):

haddock, coaliish, or pollock, and catfish. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, report of March 15, 1962.)

UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-NOVEMBER 1961: 1961 1960 • , .(Metric Tons) • .

194, 636 98, 758 16 , 824 6,914 63,450 20 , 882 4 , 582 998 114

28, 947 23 ,852 138, 561 193,479 67, 174 73, 0 19 46, 048 54,868 7, 734 8, 074 3, 610 6,418

1,490 1, 870 932 249 574 351 489 132

* * * ':< ;;~ The project will, moreover, include the establish­ ment of fish canning, quick freezing, cold- storage, PROJECT FOR COMMON MARKET and fish meal p lants. Besides exploiting the domestic FISH PLANT DROPPED: markets in the principal cities such as Bombay and On January 14, the press announced that Delhi, efforts will also be directed to export proc­ essed fish to the United States, Germany, and other t he Freezing Plants Corporation had dropped foreign countries. 't8 long-standing plan to build a fish distribu­ ion and processing plant for the EEC area in It is estimated that the project will need an invest­ ment of Rs.3,200,OOO (US$6n,000) of which the equiv­ oHand (the European Economic Community alent of Rs.1,568,000 ($329,280) or approximately 49 r Common Market area in the Netherlands). percent will be required in foreign exchange for the he Export-Im,port Bank had a Ire a d y a p­ purchase of trawlers, marine engines, and machinery for t he canning, freezing, storage, and fish meal plants, roved a loan of $250,000 for the project. The association has proposed that this foreign exchange United States Embassy, Reyk javik, January component be provided by the American investor. In re­ 8, 1962.) turn, he will be allotted an equivalent share in the equity capital of a new company which will be organized to un­ dertake the project. The rupee investment, estimated ~ at Rs.1,632,000 ($342, nO) will be raised by the associ­ ation. The American investor will also be expected to as­ sist in obtaining the services of a fishery engineer, two masters for the trawlers, and a fishery technologist. - He will be, furthermore, given the franchise for sales - NITED STATES COLLABORA TION in the United States. :S OUGHT FOR NEW FISH A ND SHRIMP PROJECT: The association's paid- in capitalization is RS,600,000 ($126, 000) of which Rs.450,000 ($95,000) has been sub­ . Financial and technic al collabor ation was being sought scribed by the Government of Gujarat. The balance has In March 1962 by a fish erie s cooper ative association of been contributed by fishermen cooperatives and individ­ A hmadabad, India, for a commercial fis heries project it ual fishermen. The association is mainly a marketing plans to establish at Okha P ort on the Saurashtr a coast of organization but deals also in fishermen's .supplies. !t , Guj~rat State, India. The proje ct e nvisages the empl oyment claims to handle nearly 28 percent of the flsh caught m 0:1 fIve medium mechanized ve s s e ls t o e xpl oit the shrimp Gujarat State. rEsources of the Gulf of Kutch and tw o trawlers t o car ry on offshore fishing in the Arabian Se a. In a dditi on, two Except for one joint Indo- Japanese enterprise in Bom­ i~ansport launches are prop os e d t o be b ought t o bring bay City, there are no other commercial fishing ventures fLSh landed in the adjoining fish harbors by othe r fish­ e:rmen, 52 COMMER CIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

India (Contd. ): poration with a capital of US$320,000, each company contributing 50 percent. The Japa­ on the Maharashtra and Gujarat coasts. The Gulf of ~utFh nes e firm repor t e dly will invest two 39-ton is believed to offer considerable scope for shrimp fishing. tuna vessels , va lu e d at $160,000, and will also The association is said to be one of the largest fishermen's cooperatives in India. (United States Consulate, B ombay, export two other tuna vessels to the joint cor­ report of March 15, t962.) poration. Annual tuna landings at the new base are expected to tot a l a pproximately 2,400 met­ ric tons of albacore and y ellowfin tuna, which will be sold to the French freezer company located in Abidjan, which will then ship the It a ly I tuna to Franc e. FISHING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Japanese firm has received approval APPROVES EUROPECHE CHARTER: of the Japanese Investment L i a ison Council The Executive Committee of FEDE R PESCA for this undertaking and plans to work out de­ (National Federation of Fishermen and Fish­ tails as soon a s the Ivory Coast Government ing Companies) a p pro ve d the S t at ute of p ermits sale of securities. (Shin SuisanShim­ EUROPECHE (European Federation of Fishing bun Sokuho, March 28, 1962.)-- - Enterprises) on February 27, 1962. It was expected to be ratified by the Executive Com­ mittee of EUROPECHE at the end of March. * * * * * The headquarters of EUROPECHE is to be TUNA FREEZING AND STORAGE PLANT in Brussels. EUROPECHE, which is c om­ READY F OR OPERATION: posed of national fishery organizations, will A-new tuna freezing and s torage plant at AbidJan, Ivory seek to bring about agreement on common Coast, early in Marc h 1962 was ready for operation. Con­ str uction was started in September 1961. The plant was fishery problems within the Common Market built by a large United States west coast tuna c anning firm. or EEC and to keep the organs of the EEC informed about the point s of view of national The m ain building c onsists of a room containing freez­ i ng brine t anks, a c old-storage room measuring 80 x 100 fishery organizations. ft., the nece s sary compressors in a n a dja cent room, and two ice- making m a chines on the roof. Outlying structures FEDERPESCA also decided to prepare a will include a T-shaped wharf, an office building (com­ pleted) , a war ehouse (under construction), and a diesel oil memorandum asking the Italian Government storage t ank (was expected t o be start ed in mid-March). for relief from fiscal burdens and for finan­ The pl ant will e mploy appr oximately 50 men on a perma' cial assistance to the industry, and ur ging nent ba sis and 20 to 30 " c asuals" for stevedoring. The operation will be similar to the same firm's wholly owned the Government to support the II Blue P lan, II tuna freezing and storage plant in F reetown, Sierra Leone. which involves industrialization of t he fish­ ing industry, development of cooperatives, Fish will be rec eived from various Japanese, Spanish, and F rench vess els operating off the coast of West Africa, and expansion of Italian fishing into t he At­ whi ch will dock at the inner part of the wharf. The fish will lantic. (United States Embassy, Rome, March be unloade d into the freezing brine t anks and then segre­ 9, 1962, report.) gated and s t or e d by species (skipjac k, big-eyed, and other varieties of tuna and swordfi sh) in the s t orage r oom. Re­ frigerated carrier ships (primarily from Hamburg, Ger­ m any ) will dock at the outer wharf and will pick up cargoes of froze n tuna for Italy, Puerto Rico, an d the United States.

The plant is owned by the Societe Generale Industrielle Ivory Coast de la P eche (SOGIP). Fifty percent of the firm's stock is held by the United States c annery firm and 50 percent by JOINT JAPANESE-ITALIAN TUNA a Milan, Italy, firm which is affiliated with the Discount B SE PLANNED: Bank of Israe l, a Swiss bank. A large Japanese fishing company and a n Another related enterprise lS the Societe Ivoirienne de Italian firm (with offices in Milan) are plan­ la Peche (SOIP), which is owned 50 per cent by the Milan firm and 50 pe r c ent by a Japanese fishing firm. At the ning to establish a joint fishing bas e at Abid­ moment SOIP owns four vessels operating out of Abidjan, Jan, Ivory Coast. An application has been but conside rable expansion is anticipat ed. A third company submitted for approval of the venture to the e nvisaged for the future will be owned jointly by the Milan firm and Societe d'Equipment pour l 'Afrique (SEA) and Will Ivory Coast Government. Upon receiving unde r t ake c anning and distribution of the fish in the Ivory approval from the Government, the Japane s e Coast and nearby c ountries. This project, however, is not firm will proceed to work out details of the expected t o begin operations for several years. (United proposed undertaking. State s Embassy, Abidjan, report of Ma rch 13, 1962.)

nder this plan, the Japanese firm and the Italian firm will jointly establish a cor- May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53

Japan EXPOR TERS ASSOCIATION PROPOSES OVER-ALL FROZEN TUNA EXPORT 1962 QUOTAS FOR FROZEN TUNA QUOTA TO UNITED STATES: E XPORTS TO UNITED STATES SET: The Board of Directors of the Japan-Fro­ The Boar d of Directors of the Japan Export Frozen Tu­ zen Foods Exporters Association met on na Producers Associati'On held a meeting on March 8, 1962, March 8, 1962, and proposed the following and adopted the proposals it had drafted at its February 21 meeting on 1962 frozen tuna exports to the United States, quotas of frozen tuna and frozen swordfish according to a translation from the Japanese periodical. for export to the United States in 1962 (April Suisan Tsushin of March 8-10, 1962. Adoption of these 1962-March 1963): proposaISIneans that the following export production quotas will be in effect in 1962 (April 1, 1962-March 31,1963): 1. Frozen tuna export quota shall be Frozen tuna exports to United States from Japan proper: (1) Frozen albacore tuna quota - 30,000 short tons; (2) frozen 110,000 short tons. This quota shall be al­ y ellowfin tuna quota - 35,000 short tons; (3) tuna loin quota - located to exporters with established records :> ,000 short tons. for the period April 1958 to March 1961 in­ Atlantic Ocean transshipments: Fishing vessels deliver­ clusive. ing their catches for transshipment to the United States will be limited to an aggregate total of 120 fishing trips. Number 2. Frozen tuna loin export quota shall be of trips each fishing vessel can make will depend on its car­ go- carrying capacity. 5,000 short tons. Of this quota, 4,500 tons shall be allocated to exporters with estab­ At the February 21 meeting, a special adjustment quota of lished records for the period of April 1959 5,000 tons was proposed and the use of the special quota was to be clarified at the March 8 meeting. Two days prior to to March 1962 inclusive; 450 tons shall be this meeting, on March 6, the committee assigned to study set aside for adjustment purposes, and 30 this problem was unable to resolve differences regarding use tons held in reserve. of the special quota. Some segments of the tuna industry wanted to apply half of the 5,000 tons for transshipments from the Indian Ocean and half for direct exports from Ja­ 3. Frozen swordfish export quota shall be pan proper, while others wanted to apply all of it for trans­ shipments from the Indian Ocean. Responsibility of deter­ 6,500 short tons. mining allocation of this proposed special 5,OOO-ton quota was then turned over to a special committee. The proposals were to be submitted for ap­ At the March 8 meeting, the Board of Directors of the proval to the special general meeting of the Producers Association adopted the proposal of this special Exporters Association scheduled for March committee. Briefly, this proposal calls for a transshipment 19. (Translated from Japanese periodical quota of 4,000 short tons for the Indian Ocean, with ship­ ments from the Indian Ocean exceeding this amount to apply Suisan Tsushin, March 9, 1962.) "to the quota covering direct exports to the United States from Japan proper. Fishing vessels operating in the Indian Editor's Note: The basic difference be­ -O cean delivering their catches at a specified base for trans ­ shipment to the United States are to be limited to one trip, or tween the export quotas proposed by the Pro­ 'cae equivalent of 150 tons of frozen tuna. Of the 4,OOO-ton ducers Association and the Exporters Asso­ uota, the Association's Board of Directors will control use f 1,500 tons and determine when they can be used. Further- ciation for allocation to their respective as­ ore, the Association agreed n ot to grant increases in the sociation members is that the Exporters As­ n. dian Ocean transshipment quota for 1962. sociation has one over-all export target, with­ Approval of transshipments from the Indian Ocean elimi­ out limiting exports of anyone species of tuna. ,ates the long return trip to Japan which fishing vessels had In other words, exporters are willing to ac­ make and it is estimated that the cost of frozen tuna for cept from producers any species of tuna avail­ .::port to the United States will be reduced $10 to $15 per , ort ton. able for export.

ConSiderable speculation is now going on within the Jap­ )~**** ~ nese'tuna industry as to which port in Southeast Asia will ~> deSignated as port of transshipment. Penang is said to ~>e most sUitable. The jOint Malayan-Japanese canning en- FROZEN TUNA OCEAN FREIGHT RATE e :rpn,se located at Penang presently operates a 200-ton ~ a.paclty cold-storage plant. However, there is the problem TO UNITED STATES REDUCED: : s to whether the firms intimately connected with the Jap­ The Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Asso­ a t1ese comp?-ny, which operates the joint company in Penang, ciation has been negotiating with the Pacific !Would perrrut other exporters to utilize facilities at Penang. ~~ so, these firms are reported to have established priority Ocean Freight Conference for quite some ~ la!,vallable space on regularly scheduled freight vessels time concerning reduction of freight rates ~a. lng at Penang. for frozen tuna shipped to the United States. . FaCilities at the port of Singapore are considered to be As a result, the Conference recently an­ l nadequate. For one thing the cold-storage plant is 10- nounced its decision to provisionally reduce f-ta.:ed far away from the d~ckS, besides being very small. frozen tuna freight rates from the present , ~s likely that ports in Sumatra and Ceylon may be con- Sl ered. Until Such time that a port of transshipment is des­ $57.75 per short ton to $50 per ton, to be ef­ 'l5rJated, a Scramble among exporters in selecting a port can >e antiCipated. fective for the period March 15-September 30,1962. (Suisan Tsushin, March16, 1962.) ~"'te: See ~erci~ Fisheries~, March 1962 p. 42. * * * * * * * * * * 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Japan (Contd.): A total of ten members attended the Council meeting. They included key officials from the National Federation ot Tuna Fisheries Cooperative Associations. Japan Fisheries Society TUNA RESEARCH COUNCIL PROPOSES and the Fisheries Agency. They voted to grant 1.850.000 yen' LARGE-SCALE TUNA ($4.690) to subSidize the research program tor FY 1982. (Suisan Keizai Shlmbun. March 3, 1982; Shin Sui san Shim­ RESEARCH PROGRAM: bun, March 5.1962.) ------The Japanese National Tuna Research Council, a quasi­ governmental organization established in 1961 to strength­ en bonds between existing tuna organizations through gov­ ernment and industry cooperation and to promote tuna re­ * * * * * search and tuna technology, held its second meeting on Feb­ ruary 28, 1962. Members of the three technical departments EXPORT COU! CIL ADOPTS FY 1962 of the Counci.l--biological research, gear research, and EXPOR T TARGETS FOR CERTAIN technology--met jointly for the first time at this meeting. The following research programs were adopted by the three FISHERY PRODUCTS: departments: The Fisheries Division of the Japanese Agricultural and Marine Products Export Biological Research: (1) Changes in tuna fishing condi­ tions in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean: Data on Council met on March 23, 1962, and adopted changes in fishing conditions will be systematically col­ export targets for Fiscal Year 1962 (April lected and compiled, and yearly changes in fishing condi­ tions in those areas will be studied. Five-year program. 1962-March 1963), according to a translation Cost FY 1962 (April 1962-March 1963), 300,000 yen from the Japanese periodical Suisan Tsushin (US$833). (2) Yearly changes in size composition of At-. of March 24, 1962. lantic Ocean yellowfin and albacore tuna: Yearly change~ in size composition of yellowfin and albacore tuna taken from the Atlantic Ocean will be investigated and results Japanese Export Targets for Ccrtaln Fishery combined with existing data on yearly changes in hook Products, FY 1962 with Compat;,ons rates. Based on this combined study, causes of yearly changes in catches and in size composition will be investi­ Ouantitv Value gated. Continuous program. Cost FY 1962, 230,000 yen Commodity F ilcal ear ($639). 1962!./ 1961 2/ 1962 1/ 1961~ Technical (Gear Research) Department: (1) Develop­ . (MetriC Toru) . • • (US$1 000) •• ment of fish scanner to study tuna ecology: A fish scan­ ~rozen tuna • • • . • 149,000 130,780 50,110 43,510 ner will be developed for use in studying tuna ecology. IFrozen swordfish •.• 7,700 7,712 5,600 5,671 One-year program. Cost FY 1962, 300,000 yen (US$833). !Agar-agar ••••• 600 451 1,920 1,746 Salted fish e I'.' oroducts 6 910 5 363 6 000 5 426 (2) Research on driving away killer whales by sound: •. (ln~ounds) •..• (U5~1.ooo). Reaction of killer whales to sound will be studied, and Cultured Dearls 124 000 I 135 750 35 250 I 37 832 based on this, methods will be devised to study their re­ iJ,/April 1962 to March 1963. sponses with the idea of either dispersing them or attract­ ~/Apnl 1961 to March 1962. Some of the figures represent esti· ing them so they can be captured and killed. Effect that mates. such measures will have on other fish will be investigated. Two-year program. Cost FY 1962, 600,000 yen ($1,667). * * * * * (3) Vertical distribution of tuna and behavior of tuna long­ line gear under water as determined by means of fish scan­ CAl TERS SET 1962 CAl TE D TUNA ners: Fish scanners will be used to trace behavior of tuna long-line gear under actual fishing conditions and to study IN BRINE EXPORT QUOTA: vertical distribution of tuna. One-year program. Cost FY The Japan Export Canned Tuna Packers 1962, 303,750 yen ($844). Association convened a special general meet­ (4) Operation of tuna lang-line gear: A study will be made ing on February 27 - 2 8, 1962, and adopted the to improve and simplify fishing operations and to increase following proposals concerning canned tuna efficiency and prolong durability of fishing gear. Three-year program. Cost FY 1962,200.000 yen ($555). in brine for export to the United States in 1962 (April 1962-March 1963): (5) Development of fish scanner for use in studying tu- na ecology: A baSic study will be made of existing fish scan­ ner s with respect to supersonic wave output. emission fre­ 1. The 1962 quota of canned tuna in brine quency, wave angle. and installation. and a special scanner for export to the United States shallbe for tuna fishing shall be developed. Program commenced March 1962 and will end March 1963. Cost, 300,000 yen 2,300,000 cases. Of this amount, 1,500,000 ($833). cases will be allocated to producers on the (6) Method of dispersing killer whales by sound: A basis of their past performance records and sounding device will be tested and a practical method of 800,000 cases unaSSigned. driving away killer whales developed. and said method shall then be offered to the fishing industry. Program started March 1962 and will end Mar c h 1963. Cost, 2. The unassigned quota of 800,000 caseS 300,000 yen ($833). will be r e lea sed as follows: April-June Technology Department: (1) Research on tuna muscle ex­ 320,000 cases, July-December 320,000 cases, tracts: Changes occurring in muscle extracts during proc­ January-March 1963,160,000 cases. essing or during decomposition will be analyzed and effect of muscle extracts on flavor and "browning" will be studied. Program to start June 1962 and end December 1964. Cost. 3. The total export quota of 2,300,000 240.000 yen ($667). (2) Utilization of poor quality tuna: Utili­ zation of tuna meat of poor quality for fish sausage will be cases shall consist of 60 percent canned studied: Program to start June 1962 and end August 1963. white meat tuna and 40 percent canned light Cost. 255.000 yen ($708). meat tuna. Exports of canned white meat

.~------~------~------~------~------Vlay 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55

Japan (Contd.): of 50 N. latitude, and east of 1100 \ . longl­ tude south of 50 N. latitude) is somewhat larg­ rnust not fall below 40 percent of total ex­ er than some circles in Japan had antiCipated. ;Jorts, and exports of canned light meat tuna According to the Fisheries Agency, it is not nust not exceed 60 percent of total exports. possible to make a good estimate of the a­ mount of tuna taken by Japanese vess Is fish­ 4. The following proportions of different ing in that area inasmuch as catch data ar izes of canned tuna in brine shall be ex­ not complete. However, it is estimated that orted: somewhere around 5,000 metric tons of tuna are caught by Japanese tuna long-liners, most­ Percent ly vessels in the 250-ton class, fishing in th White meat tuna: No. 1 (13-oz.) 24's 20 proposed regulatory area. (Translation of a No. 1/2 (7 -oz.) 48's SS news item in the Japanese periodical Suisan 4-lb. 6'5 .•..•• 2S Keizai Shimbun, March 3, 1962.) !d9h!.~~ No.1 (13-oz.) 24's . . 20 No. 1/ 2 (7 -oz.) 48's . 4S ***,~,~ 4-lb. 6's •••••• 3S 1960 TUNA LANDINGS FROM The Packers Association also decided at P ACIFIC OCEAN ESTIMATED this meeting that exports of canned tuna to AT 530,000 METRIC TONS: the United States other than canned tuna in A member of the Tokai University's Flsherie::; Rcsear l) brine and canned tuna in oil will be permit- Laboratory, who is attempting to estimate total catch of tU'1a­ like fish in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, calc.llates

1960 Landings of Tuna and Tuna-like Fish from PacifiC Ocean by Countries

Species Japan u.s . Peru.!.! Ecuador'!'! Mexico.!.! Australia.!.! Formosa..!.! Total

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .(Metric Tons) ••••••••••••••.•..•...•.•. Bluefin •••••••••••• 16,368 5,439 - - - 2,250 - 24,057 Skipjack ••••••••••• 78,606 32,768 10,527 - - - - 121,901 Bonito •••.•••••••• - - 14,202 - - - - 14.202 Albacore ••••••• 'II •• 52,037 19,088 - - - - - 71,125 Yellowfin ••••.••••• 'l:./91,852 99 ,304 -- - - - 191,156 Others, ••••••••••• 77,356 15,565 7,850 4,278 1,758 - 537 107,344

Total 'II ••••••••• 316,219 172,164 32,579 4,218 1,758 2,250 537 529,785 ynata based on export tigures and locally-consumed tuna not included. ~/lncludes big-eyed tuna and spearfish.

~ d when it is ascertained that such products that 1960 landings from the Pacific Ocean totaled ap. rox - mately 530,000 metric tons and from the Indian Ocean ill not be cleared through United States 100,980 metric tons, which included 48,676 tons of Inrllan us toms under the same category as canned Ocean bluefin tuna. na in brine. The Association also decided . raise the check price of canned white Calculations are based on data from the Japan se F1Sh­ eries Agency, United States catch statistics, and data c')l­ tt eat tuna in oil for export to Canada by lected directly from Japanese fishing veso;els. Indlan O­ 0 .50 a case, from $8.65 a case for No.1 / 2 cean catches include only those made by Japanese flshmg l ' ~ -?z.) 48 1s, f.o.b. Japan, to $9.15 per case. vessels. Pacific Ocean landings, which were gr uped by species and by country, are shown in the table. ( Uls~ ;~ulsan Tsushin, February 23, and March 1, Keizai Shimbun, March 1, 1962.l ~ 1 962.T

* * * * .~ ESTIMATED TUNA CATCH TUNA EX-VESSEL PRICES: [N EASTERN PACIFIC: Februar,\' 26, 1962: The follow ng ex-ves­ The Japanese Fisheries Agency announced s el prices were paid i'or 210 tons of frozen ~n March 1, 1962, details of the bill being tuna and tunalike fish landed in Tok 0 b a i:!onSidered by the United States Congress to Japanese tuna vessel according to a transla­ c-e gulate the catch of yellowfin tuna in the tion of a news item in the Japanese p rlOdl­ :::-nstern Pacific Ocean. The proposed regu- cal Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Februar 28, atory area (east of 1200 W. longitude north 1962. 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Japan (Contd.): of 176 million yen (US$489,000) over Febru­ ary 1961. Product Price Yaizu FIShery Landings, Principal SpeCies, ~. $/Short Ton February 1962 with Comparisons Yellowfin (gilled §: gutted): Average Ex- Speciallge. (over 120 lbs.) •• 95 239 Species Landlllg5 Vellel Pnce Large (100-120 lbs.) •••• 114.2 288 Medium (SO-100 lbs.) •••.• 123.5 311 1962 1961 1962 1961 Small (20 -80 lbs.) • ..:.' -='~'..:.' -='~' ...:.....:4----;~...:.....:+-_;;;;:;--__t123.5 311 (Metric Tons) (US$/ Short TODl) Albacore (round) • '..:.'...:.--=---'-''-'--'-+---+-----1 135 340 ~luefin .• 6,254 6,904 272 239 Fillets: f.lbacore . 1,978 1,199 313 237 """'Yillowfin •• . 120.2 303 ~kipJack . 257 6 179 222 1,592 859 78 Big-ey ed ••••• _____--L ___ 108 ..l-- ____272 ~ ~ackerel. 134

1961: Because canneries, manufacturers March 1, 1962: The following ex-vessel of fish ham and sausage, and producers of prices were paid for 568 metric tons of fro­ other traditional Japanese fishery products zen tuna and tunalike fish, including sharks, are located i n Shizuoka Prefecture, the fish­ landed in Tokyo by two Japanese tuna long­ ing port of Yaizu continued to hold its leading line fishing vessels, according to a transla­ position. Also, Yaizu supplies fish daily to tion from the Japanese periodical Suisan such large cities as Tokyo and Osaka. The Keizai Shimbun of March 9, 1962. value of landings at the Yaizu fish market in 1961 established the highest record since its establishment. According to the Yaizu Fish- Product P r IC e Y!:!lLfui. ~LShort Ton ed: Yaizu Fishery Landings In 1961 by PrincIpal Species ds · . 115.0 290 ) . - · . 123_1 310 Species Metric Tons US$1 Millior . . · . 123.3 311 !Albacore . • • . • • . • 16,518 5.3 Othertuna...... 63,473 18.2 . 94.5 238 Skipjack. • • 27,326 5.9 · 117.8-120.6 297-304 Mackerel. 8,654 1.1 . . · . 103 - 106.2 260-268 ~ 9 680 1.3 Total 1961 125, 651 $31. 8 Total 1960 • 118,414 $28.7 * * * * * RECORD SIZE BLUEFIN TUNA eries Cooperative, actual landings in 1961 SOLD FOR $1, 0i-;-0,:..;O::..,-_.,---,--~ were valued ex-vessel almost US$3 1.8 mil­ A large bluefin tuna landed by a Japanese lion, surpassing substantially the previous long-liner f ish i n g in the Indian Ocean is highest record value of $28,611,000 in 1960. claimed to be the large st bluefin ever landed This was attributed to increased tuna land­ by a J ap ane s e fishing ve sse 1. The fish ings, which make up the bulk of the total. I we igh e d 880 pounds and was sold to the landings at Yaizu. Skipjack tuna fishing In i " sashimUj" trade for 360,000 yen (OS$I,OOO). 1961 was good generally and the value of the I (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, March 20, 1962.) catch was high in spite of a low price per ton. .!/"Sashimi" is raw fish thinly sliced and flavored with soybean In quantity, the landings in 1961 exceeded the sauce. Many different types of marine fish are eaten as previous year by 7,200 metric tons. (Suisan "sashimi, " but bluefin tuna "sashimi" is considered best. Keizai Shimbun, January 13, 1962.)

~,* *** ~,**** TREND TO ESTABLISH JOINT OVERSEAS F ISHERY LANDINGS AT YAIZU: BASES TO EXPORT FROZEN February 1962: A total of 10,839 metric TUNA TO UNITED STATES: tons of fish valued at 1,035 million yen The Japanese Fisheries Agency recently affirmed its, in­ (US$2.9 million) was landed at Yaizu (lead­ tention to authorize the Japanese fisheries company. whie~ manages the joint Japanese-Malayan tuna fishing and eanruog ing Japanese tuna fishing port) during Feb­ company at Penang. to annually export up to 6,000 short. tonS ruary 1962, according to a translation from of frozen tuna to the United States from the base at Penang. This plan, which the Japanese fisheries company has been the Japanese periodical Suisan Keizai Shim­ pushing for quite some time, calls for the operation of iee­ bun of March 8, 1962. This was an increase packing fishing vessels from the Penang base. Iced tuna, 'eS in landings of 1,900 metric tons and in value landed by the vessels would then be frozen at shore faeiliU at Penang for export to the United States. May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57

. Japan (Contd.): nese firm which operates the joint Malayan­ Japanese tuna- canning plant at Penang to , The Penang freezer plant reportedly has a maximum daily transship Indian Ocean tuna to the United r.r eezing capacity of only five tons, so its annual production of . fr ozen tuna would not be more than 1,825 tons, even if the plant States for the purpose of putting that company , perates at tlI11 capacity every day. Therefore, fresh fish back on its feet. (Suisan Tsushin, March 23, a.nded by the ice boats alone cannot possibly meet the annual and 26, 1962.) OOO-ton quota. Moreover, it is not likely that the vessels of bout 100 tons would operate near Madagascar, where the main Ishing grounds are located, because of the great distance. bus a strong possibility exists that this 6,OOO-ton quota will * * * * * e fiiled by utilizing frozen tuna landed by clipper vessels op­ rating out of Penang, which was recently selected as a trans­ SKIPJACK TUNA SURVEY IN INDIAN hipment base. OCEAN REVEALS FISH ARE SMALL: Observers feel that the Fisheries Agency cannot grant The Shizuoka Prefectural research vessel referential treatment only to the Japanese firm operating the Fuji Maru (191 gross tons) which was char­ enang base. 1f requests to export tuna to the United States hould be submitted to the Agency by other firms, the Agency tered by the Japan Overseas Fisheries Coop­ ould also have to grant those firms permission. Thus, the erative Association in December 1961 to sur­ gency's recent action in authorizing the transshipment of vey the Indian Ocean waters off Ceylon, Nico­ .000 tons of frozen tuna to the United States from Penang can e said to have started a trend towards the establishment of bar Islands, and the Maldive Islands for skip­ 50int companies overseas for the purpose of exporting frozen jack tuna, was scheduled to return to Japan tuna to the United States. after mid-March, According to the senior The joint company at Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, is member of the vessel's survey team, who re­ considered typical of joint companies established for the pur­ turned to Japan by plane, the Fuji Maru op­ pose of exporting frozen tuna to the United States. This jOint company is reported to be facing difficulty in contracting for erated principally in the waters off the Mal­ , ice boats to fish for it,. since ex-vessel prices at Espiritu dive Islands except for one cruise made off Santo, in contrast to prices at Samoa, are low. On the other hand, the Espiritu Santo base is much closer to the tuna fish­ Ceylon, at which time tilapia and anchovies ing grounds than the Penang base, and so the Japanese firm were used in a bait-feeding experiment. Re­ operating the Penang base is expected to' experience difficulty sults of this test revealed anchovies to be in making sufficient profit to erase its accumulated deficit by relying on catches of ice boats alone. Eventually, it will have superior to tilapia as bait. to rely on clipper-caught tuna for export to the United States.

Should this happen, then other firms which have established The currents off the Maldive Islands were joint companies overseas can be expected to utilize tuna fast, thus making it impossible to approach c lippers at their overseas bases. Also, if the Fisheries Agency close to the Islands. Skipjack seemed to con­ s houid authorize establishment of the large tuna base planned for Levuka, Fiji Islands, and permit that base to utilize medium gregate when tides were up but did not seem v essels without tuna fishing licenses, as presently proposed, to be abundant. Fish were of comparatively then it is quite foreseeable that in the near future tuna clip­ p ers, as well as medium vessels without tuna fishing licenses, small size. Skipjack taken off Ceylon aver­ w ill come to be utilized at joint overseas bases. (Suisan aged about 5,7 pounds each; those off the Mal­ ~, March 31 & April 2, 1962.> dive Islands about 4 pounds each. Bait fishing was not very successful but * ",< >:< >:< ~, this may have been due to the poor quality of the bait obtained locally, as well as bait car­ ENANG AND SINGAPORE DESIGNATED ried on board the research vessel, and the AS TRANSSHIPMENT PORTS FOR fact that they had to be used sparingly. On NDIAN OCEAN FROZEN TUNA: the return trip from the Maldive ISlands, 309 The Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers skipjack were taken without use of any bait. fissociation on March 22, 1962, formally des­ Lgnated Singapore and Penang as ports of The Maldive Islands fishing fleet consists t ransshipments for tuna caught in the Indian of about 50 vessels employing hook-and-line Ocean, and Abidjan, Ivory Coast, as a port gear, of which 15 to 25 are powered. Others of transshipment for the Atlantic Ocean. use sails. Catches are exported to Ceylon Earlier, the Association had established a but fish quality appeared poor. A cold-stor­ f rozen tuna transshipment quota of 4,000 age plant of about 3,500-ton capacity is lo­ short tonsl for the Indian Ocean. cated on the Islands. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, February 28, 1962.) The Japanese Fisheries Agency is some­ what concerned over the fact that the Asso­ ciation had enacted regulations which permit * * * * * transshipments from the Indian Ocean on an AUSTRALIAN AND INDIAN BLUEFIN I expanded scale before the Agency had even TUNA FOUND TO BE IDENTICAL: completed its opinions on this matter. The A technician of the Nankai -ku Fisheries Agency had intended to permit only the Japa- Research Institute in Yaizu, Japan, has veri- 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Japan (Contd.): turn to the sea area off the Indian Ocean side where water temperatures are higher. Also, fied that the species, one called Indian blue­ when they grow old enough to spawn, they are fin tuna and the other Australian bluefin tuna, beli~ved to move to the waters off Java where are the same. The two "types'! have been water temperatures are even higher and a­ studied for three years. The data of the study bundant plankton is available. will be sent to the headquarters of the Insti­ tute and eventually will be disseminated to The technician commented that the similar­ the fishing industry. ity of Indian tuna and Australian tuna has al­ ways been suspected and the study has finally Indian bluefin are caught in waters off the confirmed this theory. If the fish are definite­ west coast of Australia and off Java, and ly found to be migrating from the southern their fishing ground was discovered in 1952. coast of Australia, it is possible that fishing They are mostly large fish weighing 88-221 grounds may be formed in that sea area also pounds each. The fish called Australian tuna and catches on the east side of Australia may were discovered in 1956 and caught on fish­ possibly affect fishing m the waters off the ing grounds off the east coast of Australia. Indian Ocean side of the Continent. (Transla­ The fish were small, weighing 22-88 pounds tion from a February 16, 1962, Japanese peri­ each, but the meat is of higher quality than odical.) that of the Indian tuna. In spite of the fact that they are segregated as Indian tuna and Australian tuna, depending upon where they are caught, their appearance is almost iden­ TUNA FLEET: tical. Data compiled by the Japanese Fisheries Agency on tuna vessels licensed as of Decem­ The technician began his study in Novem­ ber 31, 1961, reveal that a total of 1,301 ves­ ber 1960 in order to determine whether the sels were licensed to engage in tuna fishing. two types of bluefin tuna are the same. Spec­ Classified by types of vessels, they include imens of each type measuring 4 feet 2 inches, 409 medium vessels between 40-100 tons 4 feet 9 inches, and 5 feet 5 inches were gross, 621 distant-water vessels over 100 selected from landings at Yaizu and the fol­ tons gross, 6 portable-vessel-carrying moth­ lowing measurements obtained: (a) the length erships, 215 vessels engaged in tuna fishing of the head, (b) length from the tip of the on a part-time basis, and 50 vessels diverted mouth to the first dorsal, (c) length from the from the salmon fishery. tip of the mouth to the second dorsal, (d) length from the tip of the mouth to the pelvic, As of March 1962, there was a total of 17 (e) length from the tip of the mouth to the end portable-vessel-carrying motherships (an in­ of caudal, (f) the length of the pelvic, and (g) crease of 11 vessels of that type), 621 distant­ the size of the eye. For three years a total water vessels (which is the maximum allowed of 720 fish, 120 of each siz~ and kind, were for that category), and 396 medium vessels. compared. The maximum difference found was very small when the same body lengths Extension of fishing grounds to distant wa­ were compared. ters and the economic advantages of construc­ ting larger vessels have brought about a de­ In the past, yellowfin and albacore were cline in the number of medium vessels. This checked by the same method and it was found trend is evident because the number of medi­ that there was only one species of yellowfin um vessels engaged in tuna fishing, as perthe and one species of albacore tuna. latest data, has declined by 226 vesselS from 1957 and by 112 from 1960. (Suisan ~ As a result of the study, it has been es­ Shimbun, April 1, 1962.) tablished, almost without a doubt, that the same kind of bluefin tuna are found in the Editor's Note: Vess~ls under 40 tons groSS western part- of the- Indian Ocean and waters do not require fishing licens es. east of Australia as off the southern coast of Australia. Judging from the size and the quality of meat, the fish that are young and having meat of good quality migrate to the FISHING COOPERATIVE FORMED sea area off the east coast of Australia round FOR FIJI ISLANDS TUNA BASE: its southern coast. As the fish grow, they re- The South Pacifio Ocean Fisheries Cooper­ ative, which is to manage the joint Anglo· i Vlay 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW . 59

! Japan (Contd.): very likely, efforts will be m ade to s eek the lowering of United States tariffs on imports Japanese fishing base at Levuka, Fiji Islands, of canned tuna. Also, mea sures a r e now be­ ;lpon its establishment, held its inaugural ing studied concerning hi gh ex - ves sel prices eeting on March 12, 1962, in Japan and e- paid for tuna landed in J a pan in relation to

I ected officers. tuna landed at foreign ports by Japanese fish­ ing vessels, thus putting a squeeze on Japa­ The Cooperative, which presently con- nese canners. (Suisan Tsushin, March2, 1962.) ists of 25 members, was provisionally or­ ganized to lay the groundwork for the Fiji slands fishing base. The Cooperative plans * * * * * o apply for permission to form into a legal LARGE STERN TRAWLE R orporation, under the Fisheries Cooperative EN ROUTE TO ATLANTIC: aw in or about December of this year. It The Japanese stern trawler Unzen Maru ad originally planned on commencing base (2,525 gros s tons) left J apan for the Atlantic ishing operations in February 1963. How­ Ocean trawl fishing gr ounds off the northwest ver, commencement of operations is ex­ coast of Africa on March 13, 1962. T hetrawl­ ected to be postponed owing to the delay in er, which was completed in February 1962, applying for incorporation. (Suisan Keizai has a compl ement of 53 men. ~Ni p Eon Suisan Shimbun, March 13, 1962.) Shimbun, March 19, 1962.) * * * * * * * * * * FISHERIES AGENCY'S POSITION FISHING FIRM HOPES TO OPERATE ON OVERSEAS CANNERIES: MOTHERSHIP-TYPE T R AWLER The Chief, Fisheries Section, Japanese FLEET IN AT LANTIC : Fisheries Agency, at a board meeting of the A Japane se fishing company hopes to send JE.pan Canned Tuna Packers Association ex­ a bottomfish m othership trawler fleet to the plained the Agency's attitude on developments Atlantic Ocean off West Africa and in Febru­ i nvolving the joint Japanese-Malayan tuna­ ary 1962 was sou nding out the Fisheries A­ c anning company established at Penang, Ma­ gency ' s view on the m a tter. If the Agency l aya. That firm has been given special per­ s hould grant approval, the firm plans to un­ :mission to export canned tuna in brine to t he dertake preparations in May 1962 to dispatch U nited States, and it is also seeking to ex­ the Awazu Maru (8,000 gross tons) and 6 ort frozen tuna directly to the United States. trawlers of the 80-ton class to the West Af­ rican waters. (Nippon Suisan Shimbun, Feb­ The Fisheries Chief stated that the Japa­ ruary 23, 1962.) ese firm which owns the Malayan Marine dustries would like to see its Malayanfirm ngage primarily in exporting frozen tuna to * * * * * he United States, and secondarily engage in TWELVE TRAWLERS REPORTED he production of canned tuna. Other large IN AT LANTIC OCEAN: ishing companies have stated that they would As of the end of February 1962, Japanese ike to establish tuna canneries overseas but trawlers were operating in two areas in the he Fisheries Agency's policy is not to ap- Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of northwest rove such construction, and the Agency has Afric a in the vicinity of the Canary Islands ~d all large fishing companies pledge they and off the coast of South Africa. III not construct tuna-canning facilities ov~rseas. A joint tuna-fishing enterprise is Reports indicated that a total of 10 Japa­ bemg planned for the South Pacific, but the nese trawlers were operating off the West Agency does not intend to approve this en­ African Coast. The bottom fish grounds off t€rprise if it is to include a canning plant. t he South African coast were being fished by two trawlers of one Japanese firm only--the ',l'he ,Fisheries Agency is presently con­ No. 56 Taiyo Maru (744 gross tons) and the solIdatmg ideas concerning tuna exports. A No. 62 Taiyo Maru (1,481 gross tons). But r-ough draft concerning this subject has al­ they were to be joined by the No . .§1 Taiyo r-eady been completed. Although it cannot Maru (489 gross tons) which in February y et, be made public, in essence, it is a plan 1962 was fishing in New Zealand waters. WhICh seeks to increase tuna exports, and, (Nippon Suisan Shimbun, February 26, 1962.) * * * * * 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Japan (Contd.): The Sixth Annual Meeting of the Northwest Pacific Fisheries Com m iss ion (Japan­ SAUDI ARABIA AND LEBANON SEEK JOINT U. S. S. R.) convened in Moscow on February FISHING VENTURE WITH JAPAN: 26, 1962, and as of March 23 was still in ses­ The Japanese Overseas Fisheries Cooper­ sion. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, March ative Association held a meeting on March 20, 23, 1962.) 1962, to report on the results of fishery sur­ veys it had recently conducted in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. According to the Assoeia­ tion, both Saudi Arabia and Lebanon are seek­ ASSIGNMENT OF SALMON VESSELS ing Japanese cooperation in developing their TO TUNA FISHING PROPOSED: fishing industry. The Japanese Fisheries Agency Director on March 7, 1962, submitted a request to the A Saudi Arabian firm wants to establish salmon industry requesting cooperation in re - jointly with Japan, a cannery, freezer, cold­ dueing operations of the salmon mothership storage, an ice-making plant, and a fish-meal fleet and the Eastern Hokkaido land-based plant, and is seeking offers from Japan. fleet. Specifically, he recommended that the number of catcher vessels assigned to the Lebanon is also seeking Japanese assist­ salmon motherships be reduced by 10 percen1 ance in developing its fishing industry and is from last year's 410 vessels and the land­ hoping that Japan would conduct trial fishing based Eastern Hokkaido fleet operating south operations off the coast of Lebanon. of 450 N. by 20 percent from last year's 414 vessels. The Association plans to contact its mem­ bers to promote these ventures and also Fishing vessels removed from the salmon... plans to recommend fishery promotional fishery are expected to be allowed to engage measures to the Saudi Arabian Government in tuna fishing or bottom fishing and fall king on the basis of its recent survey, which was crab fishing in the Eastern Bering Sea. Pres;s: conducted during February 10-March 12, reports indicate that the National Federation 1962, and financed by the Japanese Ministry of Tuna Fishing Cooperative Associations of International Trade and Industry. (Suisan strongly objects to this proposal. The Fed­ Keizai Shimbun, March 21, 1962.) eration contends that the Fisheries Agency always seems to be assigning fishing vessels displaced from some other fishery to the tuna fiShery, which is becoming highly competitiv ~ :-.:rORTH PACIFIC 1962 SALMON and is concerned over this trend. FISHERY PLANS: The Japanese Fisheries Agency announced Speculation is going on in Japan regardin~ late in March that Japan plans to table at the the possibility that some of the 122 salmon current Japan-U. S. S. R. fisheries negotia­ vessels which most likely will be retired tions at Moscow a document proposing a vol­ from the salmon fishery, despite the salI?~n untary curtailment of Japan's salmon fishing industry's objection, may sign up to partICI­ effort in the North Pacific for 1962, accord­ pate in Japanese plans to establish a large ilig to a report from Tokyo. The proposal tuna fishing base at Levuka, Fiji Islands. Th e calls for a 10-percent retrenchment of the salmon vessels are less than 100 tons grosS 1961 salmon catcher boat fleet which oper­ and fall within the range of medium tuna ves­ ated north of 450 N. latitude and a 20-per­ sels (40-100 tons). The tuna base proposed cent cutback for vessels of the land -based for Levuka calls for the utilization of 65-ton fleet which fished south of 450 N. Under the vessels. plan 133 boats would be eliminated from the 1962 salmon fisheries. Interest in tuna fishing developments in the South Pacific is growing and this int~resl Considerable opposition to the plan is be­ is heightened by reports that Japanese flrms_ ing voiced by the catcher boat operators. which have agreements to deliver tuna to Sa However, the North Pacific Mothership Fish­ moa and to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, eries Council has notified the Fisheries A­ have requested the Fisheri~s Agency that gency of its decision to eliminate one moth­ their quotas be increased. (Tramllated from. ership from its fleet of 12 which operated the Japanese periodicals Syisan Shimbun in 1961. ay 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE IE

pan (Contd.): or, flavor, and textur ,accordm to lation from the Japan p riodlc 1 =.;;.;;..;;;.;.;. kuho, March 19; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Keizai Shimbun, ebruary 25, 1 62. la.rch 17, 1962; and other sources.) Fish Ham: Defini lOn: Fl h m a (m ing whale meat and meat of aquatIc amm other than fish) season d \ ith salt. or m IANGES RECOMMENDED IN FISHING ture consisting primanly of fish m at mlX 'SSEL CONSTRUCTION with pork, beef, horse m 'at, mutton, rab t BSIDY PROGRAM: meat, or poultry meat season d wlth t, nd The Japanese Agriculture and Forestry combined with binding meat (conslstm Pri­ ' nistry has negotiated with the Finance marily of ground fish meat, to which hav b n 'nistry concerning revision of the fishing added additives such as oil, f I a v 0 I' 1 n an ssel construction loan program. The Ag­ starch to give it binding strength), and p ck c ulture and Fisheries Loan Corporation, a in a casing, then sealed and st amed. vernment agency, has undertaken a study loan procedures for the fiscal year which Fish Sausage: Definition: Ground hsh gan April 1, 1962, and was expected to pr'e ­ meat or a mixture consisting primaril of nt the following recommendations to the ground fish mixed with ground pork, b f isheries Agency. mutton, horse meat, rabbit. or p ultry, to which have been added additives such as 011, 1. Increase vessel construction loans to seasoning, and starch for bindmg str ngth, percent of total construction cost. Pres­ packed in a casing and sealed, th n st am d t limit, 60 percent. or boiled. Contents may be smok d b for packing in casing. 2. Establish a maximum construction a n of 80 million yen (US$222,000). Present Standards: Quality will be grad d on a it, 60 million yen (US$167 ,000). point system for appearance, flavor, and ture. Average score must be high ·r than 3.0 3. Increase to a maximum of 2,000 tons points and for each category a scor hlgh r ~ total tonnage that a vessel owner can own than 1 point must be scored. order to qualify for a loan. Present limit, 000 tons; in exceptional cases 1,500 tons. 1. Appearance:

Purpose of relaxing the loan requirements a. Contents must not be d form d. to enable fishing vessel owners to con- b. Seal must be perfect. uct larger steel vessels and thus improve c. Contents must not be damaged. ir economic base. The Agriculture and d. Separation must not occur b tween c s­ res try Ministry hoped to implement this ing and content. ~ regulation from April 1, if negotiations e. Contents must not be pressed mto s h the Finance Ministry proceeded favor­ portion of casing. y. However, past experiences involving h negotiations indicate that a final settle­ 2. Starch content: l\lust be less than p r­ nt will not likely be reached until July or cent for fish ham and less than 10 p r­ gust this year. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, cent for fish sausage. rch 6, 1962.) 3. Other substances: There must b n n

4. Net weight: "Tet weight must corr sp H HAM AND SAUSAGE with weight ind'cated on packa t ~ LITY ST DARDS: . The Japanese Agriculture and Forestrv 5. Label: lnlstry early this year adopted quality

1 ndards for fish sausage and fish ham in a. Packing date mu t be cl I' T ~ ordance with the Agriculture and Forest­ b . l ames and addre ses of man Products Standards Law. Thev became and distributor mus b sho cti ve on larch 1, 1962. Bas ~d on the c. \ ord and pictures mus corr ndards, fish ham and fish sausage will be scrib contents and m t n ded and assigned scores according to col- misleadmg lmpr S lon. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Japan (Contd.): THREE FIRMS T .JOI TLY ESTABLISH FISH NET PLANT IN Grading Method: Fish ham and fish sau­ Thr e Japanese firms w r reported In sage will be graded as follows: March 1962 to have concluded a rrangement with an Indian firm in east Africa to estab­ COLOR SCORE: lish a joint fish-n t manufacturing plant. , 4 to 5 points - Contents are appropriately colored; pigments in quite som tim one of th three firms bad the meat used for binding purposes are not no­ been s eking such an arrangement throup ticeable; color of casing has not dIscolored negotiations with the Indian firm located ill contents. Dar es Salaam, capital of Tanganyika. 011- 3 points _ Coloring of contents generally acceptable; pIg­ ctlssions have now progressed to the stage ments in binding meat almost unnotIceable; color of casing has not noticeably discolored wh re the Indian firm is scheduled to sbo contents. send a repr sentative to Japan to work out final details and conclude a contract with til 2 points _ Contents excessively colored; pIgments lD bmd­ ing meat slightly dIscolored and noticeable; Japanese firms. color of casing has noticeably discolored con­ tents. ThE' new company will be organized with '! capital of 60 million yen (US 167,000), with 1 point - Contents considerably discolored; color of casing has deeply penetrated contents. two of the flrms each contributing 10 millio1 yen (US$28,000), and the third 5 million yen. FLAVOR SCORE: ( S$14,000), and the Indian firm investrng 3> 4 to 5 points - Contents have no peculiar odor and are dehcI­ million yen ( S$97,000). The plant is alrec.i ously flavored and seasoned. equipped with 20 nt-weaving machines and :8 3 points - Contents have no peculiar odor; flavor and sea- mainly manufacturing gill nets . In the near soning generally satisfactol) • future, the company plans to increase the number of net weaving machmes to 60 units. 2 points - Contents have slightly raw or slIghtly scorched odor; flavor and seasoning somewhat lDade­ (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, 'larch 11, 1962.) quate.

1 point - Contents have strong peculiar odor and have * * * * * markedly low flavor. ESTIM TED 1962 CA... ITED TEXTURE SCORE: S RDI E EXPORTS: r 4 to 5 points - Contents have consistency and resilience, tex­ The Japan Export anned Sardine Packe ture smooth; no oil or liquid separatioD; DO Association early 10 March 1962 tentatively air spaces in contents. adopted a production quota of 1,005,000 cas e 3 points - Contents have conslstency and resilience; tex­ of export canned sardines for FY 1962 (Apn ture fairly smooth; practically no oil or lIquid 1, 1962-i\Iarch 31, 1963), according to a separation; small air spaces in contents. translation from the Japanese periodical 5c ' 2 points - Contents la'ck consistency and resilience; tex­ san Tsushin, i\Iarch 6, 1962. Export caMe ture less smooth; certain amount of oil and sardine sales during FY 1962 are expected liquid separation has occurred; contents con- to total 700,000 cases .

Estimated Ja anese Canned

Destination I-lb. Total 1 Oval 48 s .... Philippines 230 60 10 300 West Africa 30 50 90 170 Europe. . • ...... 40 60 30 130 North, Central & South America 20 20 Other countries . . . . . 40 30 10 80 Total ...... 360 200 100 40 700

tain numerous small air spaces but relatively few large air spaces. ESTIMATED CANNED JACK MACKEREL 1 point - Contents have softened; considerable separation EXPORTS FOR 1962: _ of oil and liquid; pack has become slimy and contents contain numerous large air spaces. The Japan Export Canned Jack Mackerel Packers Association tentatively adopted a 1962 COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES REVIEW 63

:apan (Contd.): prices) applicable to commodity shipments, excepting cotton textiles, to the United States and the Western Hemisphere became avail­ able the latter part of 1962.

The information on the commodities af­ fected by voluntary Japanese export controls was obtained from the Ministry of Internation­ al Trade and Industry (MITI), industry, and export association sources. After consolida­ tion, it was finally checked with the MITI ex­ port section. Only those commodities were included on which the existing export controls appeared to be primarily for the purpose of maintaining orderly marketing abroad.

Presently, Japanese exports are controlled under two basic authorities: the Export Trade prior to s tow i n g it in the Control Order (Cabinet Order No. 378 of Decem­ ber 1, 1949) and the Export and Import Trans­ actions Law (Law No. 299 of August 5, 1952) ~ "" ('r111f'tion quot a of 1,000,000 cases of canned k mackerel for export in FY 1962 (April 1, with its implementing regulations. Both re­ 2-March 31, 1963), according to a trans­ quire that certain listed commodities receive tion from the Japanese periodical Suisan MIT I validations for export. Many of these Mar ch 6, 1962. items receive automatic validation or are not otherwise controlled for the specific purpose of avoiding unfair export practices. These have not been considered here.

MITI has classified the commodities under voluntary export control into two general cat­ egories: (a) government imposed" vOluntary" export controls and (b) voluntary agreements among exporters or within trade associations to control exports, which are not required by law or government regulation and are subject only to general government approval. MITI validation is required for all shipments of commodities falling under the first category 'ATUS OF VOLUNTARY EXPORT and this is usually accomplished by the sub­ ~ NTROLS TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE: mission of validation requests through ex­ The status as of December 26 of Japanese porters' associations. However, there ap­ lu ntary export controls (i.e. quotas, check pears to be no hard and fast procedural rule

Japan Frozen FoodsExjXlrters 'Ass'n United States and Canada Quantity (A) Exporters' agreement United States and Canada Price (C) Japan Pearl EXjXlrters ' Association All Destinations Price and quality (B) Japan Frozen Foods Exp. Ass'n North, C entral, and Quantity (B) South American countries United States Quantity and variety (A and B) Canada Price

I Government-imposed control under authority of the ExjXlrt Trade Control Order (Cabinet Order No. 378, December 1, 1949). Ap­ C proVal for export can be obtained either by direct submission of request to MITIor through association. overnment-imposed control under authority of the EXjXlrt and Import Transactions Law (Law No. 299, August 5, 1952) and imp.le mentmg regulations. Controls are administered by the association with MITI approval. EXjXlrters not members of the association E. must submit export applications direct to MIT!. xporter or trade association voluntary control under authority of Export and Import Transactions Law. Establishment of control MITl . 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, Nc> .

Japan (Contd.): On October 1 the Office of Marine Affair was abolished, and the Bureau of Fisheries for in some cases MITI has delegated total was transferred to th Ministry of gr icul­ responsibility for enforcing the control to ture and Forestry. ( nited States E mb~s ~ exporters' associations. Those companies Seoul, report of I' ebruary 2, 1862.) • not members of associations must submit the requests directly to MIT!. Controls for II!r'-s.- this category are exercised under authority ,,'" . '" of either the Control Order, the Transactions ~~ '1, Law, or both. Mexico

With regard to the voluntary exporters' FISH ]\18 L PL l.TT CRA!. 'TED controls, these are permitted under the TAX EXEl\TPTIO T8: Transactions Law which established the le­ A l\lexH;an fish m al plant in Cl d d del Carmen, Ca gal basis for such agreements. The export­ peche, has be n gran d (01 rio Q!!.£.!!.! of F br ary 2, L certain ax ex mp ons under the La for the Oevelopm ers entering into such agreements need only of ' wand cessary Indu ries. Th ex mptior. is for report to MITI on the establishment of a vol­ se\' n years and includ s: untary export control agreement and g t its approval. Requests for MITI validation of individual shipments are not required on these commodities. MITI has indicated that its information on this latter category is far from complete since it suspects that consid­ erably more private export control agree­ b. The starr.;> tax; ments are made than are reported officially. t. The Fed ral por ion of the tax on mercantile nc :> if applicable; MITI has stated that" check prices," as d. 30 percent red~cUon on incom tax (C d la m. MIT I defines them, are now being gradually eliminated. MITI regards" check prices" as The plant i requ red to prod ce fish meal With a r.:lT. those which it itself administers, not the ex­ mum protein content of 60 percent. F r hermore, {v:,ei payment;; for acqulnng or "bta n ng the use of foreIgn? porters. These are being abandoned in fav­ ents, trade marks or commerc al name~, and technical or of the more easily controllable quantity si tance, whether in the form of gift", part c pat or. In ? checks. A considerable number of private ductton, sales or profit", and foreign payments .0 mtere in dividend , or in any other form "heth r n kind, sure voluntary minimum price agreements among credit, or ca"h are limlted to three percen of aon"al s~ exporters will probably be retained, however. (United :>tate" Emba"sy, • lexlco, report oi Apnl 2, 1 ~6~ (United States Embassy, Tokyo, report of December 20. 1961.) * * * >:' * Ii BRAZILIAl ~ FREEZER - FISHll TG \-ESSEL BEl, TG BUILT I T 1\IEXICO: ~ A combination freezer - fishIng ve:;sel of anginal des Korea is being built in Tampico, .lexlco, for use 1n northeast BraZIl. Besides being a combination freezer-fishing v sel, she will be a combinatlon fishing vessel adapted t:> LAWS DRAFTED TO ENCOURAGE catch spiny lobsters, shrimp, and snappers. The vesse FISHING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT: scheduled for delivery the last of August 1962. She WlL 70 feet long wj.th an 18 foot beam. The main engine WlL Several laws designed to facilitate and en­ 200 hp. and the auxiliary 45 hp. The hull and house Wll courage economic development of South Korea's steel and the deck wood. fishing industry were drafted and as of Febru­ Interesting features are: a box keel 18 inches wide ary 1962 were under high -level consideration. 12 inches high (containing the cooling system) to provid Included are laws to reduce the taxes assessed greater stability when the boat groundS at low.tide; are against a fisherman's gross catch and estab­ movable mast and boom aft the trawling m a st for carr a steadying sail while snapper fishing; a special boom lish fisheries cooperatives. Also included hauling lobster pots; ten handreels for snapper fishing; is more progressive Fisheries Law. Com­ freezing capacity for two tons of lobster t ai ls daily; .sp bined taxes which formerly amounted to as bulb on rudder to add more speed; automatic pilot With much as HW98,OOO (US$75.38) for each mote control; radio direction finder' two radi os, one 2 watts and the other 65 watts; two 100- fathom depth find HW1,OOO,000 ($769.23) worth of catch are one recording and the other vis ual; and two wooden lob=> reported to have been reduced to HW20,OOO dories 18 feet long with 8 hp. inboard ~iesels. ($15.38) effective January 1, 1962. Insulation of the freezing compartment and hold will six inches of expanded polystyrine. No May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 ai MexiCo (Contd.): increase its share of investment, which presently amounts to ie! approximately 50 million yen (US$139,000), The Japanese firm' s officials feel that it is only a matter of time before the u]· L agos enterprise is approved by the Japanese Government, Ss' The boat will carr?, abo~t 300 kn o~ ked-down l ob~ t er pots said approval hinging only on an agreement being worked out ~ nade of galvanized Wlre wlth a plas tlc coatmg. B Ul lt to t he between the Cooperative Fund and the firm, Plornerican Bureau of Shipping Standards, about 75 percent of t e material used t o build the vessel will be Mexi c an made . Reportedly, the Japanese firm will share its 30 percellt nited States Embassy, Mexic o, report of April 2, 1962 ,} investment with a Japanese steel import-export firm, with each firm contributing an equal share of the total Japanese investment of 50 million yen,

As soon as approval is granted, the Japanese firm plans to commence ooerations, employing six trawlers (each of approximately 100 tons gross) and expects to produce an­ nually between 6,000-8,000 metric tons of croaker and other species for delivery to the local Nigerian market at 60,000 etherlands yen (US$167) per metric ton, The Japanese firm also plans to construct a 500-ton capacity cold-storage plant at Lagos PORT DUTIES ON CERTAIN a nd has applied for a loan of 500 million yen (US$I,389,000) IISHERY PRODUCTS CHANGED: from the Cooperative Fund to finance its construction, I The Netherlands early this ye a r lis t e d cer­ Tl;1e Lagos base will be the first Japanese fishing venture in changes in import dutie s of selected food to be undertaken in Nigeria and, as such, has drawn consider­ able attention, particularly since the Nigerian Government e' pr-oducts, including certain fishery products . has welcomed establishment of the jOint base at Lagos since ',an rhe changes involved imports from other it would promote domestic fish consumption and also reduce ~ Nethe rlands' Import Duties for Certain Fishery productsll Third Countries EEC fariff No. Description Prevo New Prev, New I Tariff Tariff Tariff Tariff c~1 . . •• (Percent) •• ..... Chapter 16: Preparations of Meat, of Fish, of Crustaceans or Molluscs.

16.04 Prepared or Preserved Fish , incl. Caviar and Caviar Substitutes: I B. Salrnonidae: ml',' I. Salmon in airtight containers 0 6 0 0 e II. Othe r: I I a. In airtight containers 20 20 16 14 alII b. Not specified 25 23 5 20 JL.... J 1~ 1 16.05 Crustaceans and Molluscs, Prepared or Preserved: A. Shrimps, merely boiled and peeled, not preserved 0 6 0 0 :;4 B. Other 25 23.5 20 1.Z ) - ~ 5'.100 es not mclude all fIshery products"::.!... ______~ \90.'" u ropean Economic Community countries d third countries. Imports from the United a tes fall under the l1 t hird count ries" eate­ r y. (January 29, 1962 , report from the n ited States Embassy, T he Hague. )

PANESE FIRMIS• PROSPECTS OF CERIAN FISHING BASE IMPROVE: 11 - A larg~ Japanese fishing company's plan to establish a joint t a'Wl fIShmg base at Lagos, Nigeria, equipped with cold- r ~ ?r,age facilities has been held up owing to difficulties in ob­ III Inmng a loan from the E conom ic Cooperative Fund Indica­ go to ns are that as Soon as the firm reaches an agree~ent with .: E C~operative Fund, the Japanes e Ministry of Finance and ~ E MinIstry of International Tr ade and Industry will approve , 21 E plan, '0 ob Present plans call for the Japanese fir m to contr ibute 30 .; r-cent of the t otal capital i nvestment and the Nigerian firm p ercent, The C ooper ative F und fears that this ratio of in- lU' 5'tment would place the Japanese at a great disadvantage in e devent that the Niger ian fir m fails to procure necessary ['l 5, and the Cooperative F und wants the Japanese firm to 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.

Nigeria (Contd.): T he new ware house, equipped with lift trucks to utilize the height, can store 200,0 Nigeria's dollar purchases. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho. cases . The fully aut om ated labeling depart March 7.1962.) ment has a capacity of 220, 000 cans per 9- hour working day. The fr eezing departme due to be ready in time for the next brislin season, will have a freezing capacity of ab 24 tons a day, with storage for 1 i monthsp duction at the Stavanger plant. (News of N Norway way, April 5, 1962.) -- WINTER HERRING FISHERY FAILS AGAIN: * * * * * Continuing the trend which started in .1957, TRAWLERS MAY FISH IN 4-6 MILE the migratory winter herring schools reached BELT OF FISHING LIMITS ZONE: the Norwegian coast later, farther north, and Following a long debate, t he Storting ga in smaller numbers than the year before. its approval on January 11, 1962, to the re~ The f ish e r y finally got under way about ommendations of the Ministry of Fisheries March 1, 1962, and up to March 9, when the regarding special rights for Nor wegian tra "large" herring season was declared ended, ers to fish inside Norway's 12 -m ile fishin the catch had amounted to only 27,000 metric limits boundary. The particular area in di tons. Since March 9, after which the herring pute was the belt between 4 and 6 miles fro are known as " spring" herring, and up to the coast. There was no question of grant' March 15, another 34,000 tons had been any rights inside the 4 -mile limit or of de landed. ing any rights outside the 6 - mile limit.

Rapidly drawing to a close in March, the In accordance with the ne w regulations, 1962 winter herring catch ("large" and which are to be in force for a temporary Il "spring" herring combined) was expected riod of unspecified duration, small trawle not to exceed a total of 70,000 tons. This (up to 300 gross registered tons) will be p means still another year of virtual failure mitted to fish in the 4 to 6 mile belt. Lan for this fishery which five years ago ended Norwegian trawlers up to 500 g.r.t. whic the season with a catch of more than one have previously fished in the zone may co Tn i llion tons. tinue to fish there, but no new concessions will be given for vessels in this group. N Since the fishermen had expected a very trawlers above 500 g.r.t. will be permitte poor winter herring catch this year, rela- inside the 6 -mile zone. ti" 'ely few took part in the fishery. The ma- o:city of those who would normally partici­ pata chose to concentrate on other fisheries. * * * * * As a result, the failure of the winter her- TRAWLERS REQUIRED TO INCREASE t" _"g fishery again in 1962 has caused less NET MESH SIZE: fmancial hardship among the fishermen than Also on January 11, 1962, the Storting was the case in the preceding years. (United proved legislation making it compulsory f States Embassy, Oslo, report of March 21, all Norwegian trawlers, wherever they rna 1962.) operate, to increase the net mesh size to I millimeters (about 5.1 inches) in their lig * * * * * trawls and to 140 millimeters (5.5 inches their heavy trawls. This action was take [ ARGEST FISH CANNING demonstrate Norway's s erious concern? :JLANT EXPANDING: the excessive catches of undersize fish 10 Norway's largest packer of canned fish, North Atlantic and adjacent areas, and to including brisling and sild sardines, kippers an example for other nations to follow. and herring tidbits, is building a new, ultra­ present the international convention gove modern, integrated plant at Stavanger. When ing calls for a minimum mesh size of 120 finished, the complex of buildings will cover millimeters (4.7 inches ). (United States) almost 4 acres. A similar expansion and bassy, Oslo, report of Januar'y 19, 1962. modernization program is in progress at the company's nine other canning factories else­ where in Norway. * * * * * May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67

Norway (Contd.): Bids Placed by South African and Japanese Firms for Sale of Calmed Sardines to the Philippines COST OF BUILDING WOODEN FISHING VESSELS: 1n Tomato Sauce Buffet Style In Brine Bidder i-Lb. 5-oz. S-<>Z. 1-Lb. The Secretary of the Norwegian Boat Build­ Oval Tall Tall Tall ers Association in Oslo states that a wooden . . . . . •• (US$ Per Case) ••••• fishing trawler, 80 feet long, over-all, fully ~~: equipped, costs about 600,000 Norwegian six finns .•••. 7.60 6.75 4.25 5.75 ~, kroner (US$84,000). The vessel would cost one firm • ... 7.79 7.32 - - about 50,000 kroner ($7,000) more if made of 14 other firms 8.06 7.62 -- steel. Prices are based on vessels with 240 to 300 hp. motors. About as many trawlers Among the Japanese l?idders, one firm of this size are constructed of wood as of made a surprisingly low bid. However, the steel. The vessels are built to specifications Japan Canned Sardine and Saury Sales Com­ of the Directorate of Fisheries and the Asso­ pany does not recognize prices below $8.06 ciation. (Regional Fisheries Attache, United for 1-lb. oval packs and below $7.62 for 5-oz. States Embassy, Copenhagen, January 31, tall packs, and would be expected to refuse to 1962.) release those packs to the firm even if the company is awarded a sale. (Suisan Tsushin, March 14, 1962.)

Philippines

::BIDS INVITED ON CANNED SARDINES: Portugal The National Marketing Cor p 0 rat ion (NAMARCO) of the Philippine Islands plan­ CANNED FISH PACK, 1961: Iled to purchase canned sardines on a bid The Portuguese pack of canned fish in oil basis and invited foreign firms to submit or sauce in 1961 increased 2,687 metric tons bids on March 12, 1962. NAMARCO plans to or 7.0 percent as compared with 1960. Sar­ impo rt a total of 407,500 cases of canned dines again accounted for the bulk of the pack sardines. in 1961 with 80.7 percent, followed by anChovy fillets with 6.6 percent, and tuna with 5.8 per­ Types of Canned Sardines Philippines Plans to Import cent. Compared to 1960, in 1961 the pack of Can Sizes In Tomato Sauce Natural Portuguese Canned Fish Pack, 1961 •••• (Cases) •• L-Ib. oval •.• 146,500 - Product 1961 1960 ~ -oz. tall (buffet :s~ ie) : : .. 98,000 - Metric 1,000 Metric 1,000 I>-oz. tall . • • • • • • • • 127,000 - ..J:£!!L Cases Tons Cases L -lb. tall .. - 36 000 In Oil or Sauce: Total •• ...... 371,500 36,000 Sardine~ • . ... 60,616 3,190 57,929 3, 054 Chinchards ...... 2,252 118 1,879 99 Japanese exporters planned on bidding Mackerel ...... 3,211 128 492 19 Tuna and tunalike. • • 4,375 156 5,335 191 nly for the 1-lb. oval and 5-oz. tall packs. Anchovy fillets .... 4,985 498 3,919 392 owever, reports indicated that SouthAfri­ Oth.ers .•••...•• 247 13 650 34 an packers were planning to offer their Total .••••••• 75,686 4,103 70,204 3,789 roducts 40 cents to one dollar below Japa­ eSe prices. (Translated from the Japanese sardines was up 4.6 percent and the pack of periodical Suisan Tsushin, March 12, 1962.) anchovy fillets was up 27.2 percent. But in the same period the pack of tuna and tunalike ;'< * * '::: * dropped 18.0 percent. (Conservas de Peixe, February 1962.) SOUTH AFRICAN FIRMS LOW BIDDERS ON SALE OF CANNED :4: * * * * ARDINES TO PHILIPPINES: South African packers are reported to CANNED FISH EXPORTS, 1961: JLave made the lowest bids for the 407,500 Portugal's export tonnage of canned fish ~ses o.f canned sardines which the National in 1961 was up 12.0 percent as compared to p a.r~etlDg Corporation (NAMARCO) of the 1960. Sardines accounted for 82.8 percent hlhppine Islands offered to buy by March of the 1961 exports, followed by anchovy fil­ J. 2,1962. lets with 7.1 percent, and tuna with 4.4 per- 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.

Portugal (Contd.): earnings of the line fisher men the catch is key factor. In the case of both officers and cent. In 1961 the export tonnage was up for men, pay is in two parts: (1) a fixed annual all the canned products listed separately ex­ payment and (2) a variable payment, or bon cept canned tuna. Exports of tuna dropped based on the amount of the v essel's catch, ~ 6.0 percent because the pack was down. E,x­ for line fishermen only, the s i ze of the indi ports of sardines were up 10.5 percent, chm­ vidual's catch. No change is being made th chards 31.8 percent, and anchovy fillets 21.3 season in the fixed salary payment, but bon: percent. es have been increased, particularly those payable to the most efficient line fishermer. Portugal's principal canned fish buyers The increase this year might amount to as in 1961 were Germany with 18,333 metric much as 50 -60 percent for the best line Cisl tons, followed by the United States with 7,913 ermen. , tons, United Kingdom with 7,584 tons, Italy 6,016 tons, Belgium-Luxembourg 4,616 tons, In recent seasons, the fixed wage for Cis and France 4,520 tons. Exports to the United ermen has usually been 6,000 e scudos ($21 States were up 14.8 percent from the 6,890 and their total payments per s eason, inclucl tons in 1960. (Conservas de Peixe, February ing bonuses, have averaged roughly 16,000 1962.) --- 17, 000 escudos ($560 to $595) for line fish men and about 25,000 escudos ($875) for fi Portuguese Canned Fish Expc>rts, 1961 ermen on the trawlers . It should be recall Product 1961 1960 that the season for the line fishermen (tho Metric 1,000 Metric 1,000 their work is much harder) runs about six Tons Cases Tons Cases In Oil or Sauce: months, whereas the trawlers operate for -SardGes-.-.- . • .... 60,538 3,186 54,790 2,883 bout 9-10 months. (The source fo r the infor Chinchards . . . . 2,282 120 1,731 91 hon was the Guild of Codfish Vessel Owne Mackerel ...... 1,605 64 503 ao Tuna and tunalike. • 3,226 115 3,432 123 as reported by the United States Embassy, Anchovy fillets .. . . 5,195 519 4,284 428 Lisbon, March 14, 1962 .) Others •• 247 13 397 20

Total •••• 73,093 4,017 65,137 3,565 Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1962 p, 54, May 1961 p. 60. South Africa Republic * * * * * FISH MEAL, OIL, Al D SOLUBLES PRICES, 'lARCH 1962; COD FISHERMEN'S INCOME FOR The local prices of South and South-West African fiSh 1962/63 SEASON INCREASED; meal and fish solubles early in March 1962 were reported Portugal's cod fishermen who fish the steady at the prices reported in the last quarter of 1961 : both sold at R 76 (US$106.40) per short ton free on rail. Newfoundland and Greenland Banks will be This price was fixed by the South Africa n Government in receiving a provisional raise in pay this 1956. season. The terms of their employment are For export, by the end of January 1962 all estimated fiSt!. set forth in a collective wage contract now meal production for 1962 was sold or committed, Fixed nearly 10 years old, which has been amended prices were agreed on for roughly 75 percent of the expect­ ed minimum production of 200,000 shor t t ons which will be piecemeal through the years and is due for a available for export (less about 20,000 short tons for domeS complete revision in 1963. A committee of tic consumption). It is reported that with world fish meal representatives of the cod shipping owners prices riSing and firming, there is considerable regret In' side the South African fishing industr y that so much was in March 1962 was studying proposals for sold in October and November 1961 at the lower prices the the contract, to be negotiated next year with prevailing. the Casas dos Pescadores, representing the The export price of fish meal s old to the United Kingdo fishermen, and Government delegates. big buyers the latter part of 1961 for delivery during the($~e iod January thr ough June 1962 was 14 shillings 6 pence, ' to 15 shillings ($2 .10) per p ~ o t e in unit in the iong ton, c.l.!. For the 1962/63 season the estimated in­ British ports. On a basi s of 65 percent protein, the dollar creases are: trawlers, officers 5 percent and price per long ton is $131.95 and $136.50 or $119.70 and $123.83 per short t on. The United Kingdom in 1960 took '. fishermen 10 percent; line fishing vessels , roughly 50,000 s h or t_ tons of South African fish meal. lndi officers 5 percent and fishermen 30 percent. cations for 1962 are that British purchases wiU be much higher,

Specific amounts for the incr eases would The South Afri c an F i sh Meal Producers' Association, eM be misleading, because for a ll personnel the in March was s elling t o the same British buyers at a Bur96 higher price , for delivery fr om July through December t pay depends in part on the catch, and in the 15 shillings 6 pence ($'2.17) t o 16 shillings ($2.24) per pro May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW iE South Africa Republic (Contd.): n U unit In the long ton. This equals for 65 percent protein to $141.05 and $145.60 per long ton or $127.96 and $132.09 per .hort ton. All prices are c.i.f. British ports. Welt German buyers have agreed t o take 18,000 long tons of South African fish meal; a price was agreed upon only for the firBt 6,000 tons and the price for the remaining 12,000 toni 18 being negotiated. United States total imports of South African fish meal dur­ ng 1962 will consist of 10,000 short tons sold at $113 per ~hort ton f.o.b. U. S. rail cars. East Germany is now reported to be taking only 30,000- 35,000 metric tons of fish meal from South Africa, compared to 50,000 tons as previously reported.

Japan is taking 5,000 metric tons during February, March, nd Apr1l1962 at a fixed price of $124 per metric ton c .i.!. J apane se ports. Israel i8 taking 13,000 metric tons for the whole year.

Chinese merchants in Singapore have bought 2,000 long t one of South African fish meal at $145.60 a long ton c.Lf Singapore. There is little doubt that this is intended for re­ I> ale in Malaya, which officia,lly b oyc otts South African goods. To promote the success of thiS exp rim nt the South African fish meal is sold, as a policy, on the hasis ment Corporation has obtalned the services of (){ 60 percent protein content guaranteed, but the Association ca's top fishing Skipper and winner or th 1 61 It x I~ prepared, under some conditions, to guarantee up to 65 .. Star of the Fleet" trophy for th vessel "whi h n pro­ percent. The digetltibility is guaranteed at 90 percent. High­ portion to registered tonnage lands the gre te t tonna eT digestibility has been found in frequent tests. of fish during the season. His vessel landed 8,856 h rt tons of fish during the seven-months se son. ( nit d t t 8 C n­ South African fish solubles production for 1962 has all sulate, Cape Town, report of March 5, 1962.) bEen sold, on an estimated production of 3, 300 short tons. All of this was taken by West German buyers and one United S'tates buyer at prices ranging from $1 34.40 to $145.60 per * * * * * long ton c.!.f. POl'ts. :Presumably the lower price applies to the West German sales. (:Prices are presumed to be for FISHERY TRENDS, 1961: dK'ied solubles.l South Africa Republic fish rv trends In All ~962 South African fish oil has been committed to 1961 were reported in the l\Iarch 14, 1962 !) yers at home and abroad. The domestic price is now un­ Rand Daily Mail of Cape Town. Th artlcl tier discussion; eJqlort prices are ell presently being with­ ld. (Report of March 5, 1962, fr om the United States Con- stated: wlate Ca e Town) 5$1.40. ., Though unjustified as far as oth r act .. ties of thE:: fishing industry ar concerne anxiety about South fr ica r srock (s p n ) * * * * * ster may lead to further restnctlOns ISHERIES DEVELOPMENT commodity, accordmg to the annu l'e ORPORA TION SPONSORING the Fisheries Developmen Corporat UNA PURSE-SEINING South Africa. XPERIMENT: ,It had been reported in September 1961 that the Fish­ "The report mentions that th I,es Development Corporation of South Africa (Ltd.) was read' been a reduction in expor lting to receive permission from the Minister of Eco­ conservation measure as a r su mica to :e-allocate funds to engage a tuna vessel from large United States west coast fish cannery firm. This availability which had led 0 hlg oJect has failed to materialize, owing partly to the price tion costs. further redu 10n ked by the cannery firm and partly to some opposition to in the coming season \\lth he s tbe project within the South African fishing industry. in view. 1 ince that time there have been other interesting devel- p ments. A South African firm canners of abalone and ) ~ oducers of milled seaweed at' Hermanus, Cape Province, • tlUned the 60-foot pilchard vessel Thynnus with finan- In. ~elp from the Fisheries Development Corporation. e~ undertOOk to fish for tuna with the vessel using Jap­ I ~ ~e l~ng-line gear, for !lve months ending i; February "I' :Some spe.c tacular catches were made but on the h. '"' 0ed e th e expeTlm~nt was a failure. Whereas' It had been I f to catch a rrurumum of five tons per week the re- ts were reportedly nearer five tons per month. 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES R E VIEW Vol. 24, No. E

China has s erious ly r educed production and c onsequentl)' 81" South Africa Republic (Contd.): p orts of soybe an meal t o Eastern Eur opean c ountrie. with the res ult that th ose countries, especially East Germany, " Two features dominated the South Africa turned to fish meal as a s ubstitute t o m eet their requireDlelltl (J:'reviously, Red China shipped over 500,000 tons of SO)'be1ll season, namely the return of vast shoals of meal' annually to E a stern European count ries.) The delllllld pilchards to the St. Helena Bay coast and the for South-West African fish meal has, a s a result, increued high quality of the pilchards landed. greatly in recent years to the point where in 1961 the South" West and South African producers were unable to tulf1ll the "One large factory drew 85 percent of its large number of orders from Eastern Europe. A c0ll81der" raw fish from waters north of Dassen Island able portion of those orders were pass ed on to Peru. as compared with 22 percent in the previous For 1962 the South African and South-West African I1Ib meal production quotas have been increased by the 1Dte1'lll" year ...." tional Association of Fish Meal Exporters (meetinc In Lt." bon) from 110,000 to 160,000 tons. All of that amount hu reo * * * * * portedly been sold in advance. PRODUCTION OF WHALE An article in the Financial Mail of February 23, 1882, PRODUC TS DOWN IN 1961 : says that the fishing Industry of South-West Africa has reo Although the number of whales taken by quested the South West Africa Administration t o aboU.h or at least increase the pilchard catching quota for W. year, 10 South Africa in 1961 exceeded the number that the producers will be able to meet the outstandinc order taken in 1960, the total output of whale prod­ for fish meal from Eastern European countries. ucts was lower in 1961. This resulted from In 1960 East Germany bought nearly 53 ,000 metric tOOl an increased take of the smaller sei species of fish meal from South Africa, with a value of R388,408 and a drop in the catch of the larger fin and (US,544,OOO). In 1959 East Germany had not purchased 111)' fish meal from South Africa. Available trade statistic. '\II" sperm whales. gest that the level of exports to East Germany i n 1981 COlI" tinued at about the 1960 level. Toward the end of lut year In 1961, 2,026 whales were taken, com­ East Germany estimated its 1962 demand fo r filh meal at pared with 1,964 in 1960. The total value of 100,000 metric tons and wished to purchase at leaet 50,000 whale products was US$3,800,OOO in 1961 as tons from South Africa. Reportedly East Germany would buy its entire requirements for 1962 from South Africa, if compared with $4,200,000 in 1960. (United not restrained by the International Fish Meal Producera States Consulate, Durban, F ebruary 6, 1962.) Association. The South-West fishing industry undoubtedly hopee that the ~ South West Africa Administration w111 act favorably on it. request for an increase in the 1962 quota for pilchards, 10 ~ that advantage can be taken of this (possibly temporary) In" South -West Africa crease in demand for fish meal, at least up t o the limit of the new world market quota set for South Afr ica and South-Welt PILCHARD PLANTS Africa this year. (United States Embassy, Pretoria, report TO OPERATE YEAR - ROUND: of March 5, 1962.) A result of the incursion of the Russian ~ fishing fleet off South-West Africa is that the -<:0 Administration of the Territory has agreed that the six pilchard fishing factories at Wal­ Surinam vis Bay may operate year -round, according to an article which appeared in the February SHRIMP INDUSTRY TRENDS 23,1962, issue of The Financial Times. AS OF MARCH 1962: During the months of December 1961- February 1962, el~ Previously they were limited to a fixed ports of frozen shrimp from Surinam (principally to the Ulllt season - -usually from the end of March until States) rose sharply. This development m ay be attributed I large part to the arrival in November 1961 of a new manage the end of November. The change is a dis­ to take charge of the packing plant in Param aribo. During tinct advantage for the fishing industry . Fac­ those three months the Paramaribo plant packed about 290,000 pounds of heads-off shrimp, compared with 150,000 tories can now regulate their fishing and land­ pounds during August-October 1961, and an estimated 65,000 ing operations as they wish, operating when pounds during the first quarter of 1961. Since the Paramafl, they expect the fish to be in the best condition. plant has a legal monopoly 1/ on the processing and exp,ortati of shrimp in and from Surinam, the fortunes of the SurlDaIIl Two factories at Walvis Bay opened in mid­ shrimp industry are closely bound to the operations of that February 1962; the remaining 4 preferred firm. to wait until mid - March when they expected The sudden boom in Surinam's shr imp exports is due to , the fish oil content of the fish to be higher the fact that the new plant manager was able t o bring with and the fish in better condition. (and subsequently attract) a number of privately-owned and operated United States vessels to Surinam. The plant manag who formerly managed a shrimp packing plant in British * * * * * GUiana, was also able to attract 10 to 15 vessels owned by EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Un ~t~d Stat,es fishery ,interests to t ransfer op~rations from! Bnhsh GUlana to SurlOam. The Surinam shnmp fleet as 0 TURN TO FISH MEAL AS SUBSTIT UT E March 1962 totaled 30 ve ssels. FOR SOYBEAN MEAL: The Chairman of the South-West African F ishing Industry In addition to the vessels me ntioned and 2 or 3 others early in March 1962 stated that the famine in Communist owned by the principal Shareholder (a New York City lawye ~ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW roo May 1962 71

el' Surinam (Contd.): Tahiti

,h~ and investor) of the Paramaribo plant, an occasional Jap- TUNA BASE PLANNED: e anese trawler puts into Paramaribo to discharge its shrimp II catch, There are, according to reports, three Japanese A large southern California tuna-canning nd l~oats plus a mothership operating off the coast of the Guianas, firm, which is planning on establishing a tuna liei base in the South Pacific Ocean, is reported A San Pedro, Calif" marine company has shown a cautious e n"terest in the Surinam fishing industry, The firm is con- to have concluded an agreement with a Japa­ i dering the possibility of establishing a fish processing plant nese trading company whereby the latter firm , m the Surinam River at or near Paramaribo. A proposal has eo en submitted to the Government's Investment Committee would arrange to supply raw tuna to the base. rith a view to establishing what, if any, tax holiday and other The Japanese firm reportedly has submitted I' nancial incentives the Government might be prepared to a petition to the Japanese Fisheries Agency I' G f~er if the company were to build a plant and "import" or 1'! d evelop a fishing fleet, seeking approval of this undertaking, accord­ ing to a translation from the Japanese peri- For some time the San Pedro firm has had one vessel, the 0dical Suisan Tsushin of March 15, 1962. The )c>n ~, operating in Surinam waters. "!'he Don Pe.dro is 200-ton shrimp trawler equipped with quick freezing and gist of the plan is: or ozen-storage facilities, The shrimp are frozen and packed sea and simply transshipped at Paramaribo, This mode of , ') eration presumably does not violate the Paramaribo plant's 1. A joint United States - French f ish in g ~iX clusive franchise, since the shrimp never "enter" Surinam, company would be established at Papeete, A brief article in one of the local Paramaribo papers re­ French Tahiti, in the South Pacific Ocean, I orted in March 1962 that two United States firms are in the with a capital of US$2 mill ion. The United InJ /:rocess of building shrimp processing plants in French States firm would contribute 80 percent of IU: (hiana--one at St. Laurent du Maroni and the other at Cay­ l1li' rIme, Approximately 15 trawlers will be ",ttached to each the total investment and the French firm 20 II Ila.nt, and 'both enterprises apparently intend to export to the percent. at ITnited Sta'tes via Surinam. The St, Laurent freezing plant is 00 Ixpected to commence operations in June and the Cayenne ia.c"tory is scheduled for completion in Septe;mber, (United 2. The joint company will construct a i s suI t Pa amar'bo report of Marth 15: 1962,) U {The Panmaribo film 's , agreement with e Surinam Covernment,-- Originally con­ $650,000 cold-storage plant (50-ton capacity cluded in 1955 ~ rubteque.ntly amended, providea the fian with a "limited ex­ chain franc:ht.e " on the exportation of shrimp. UDder thiJ agreement the Govem­ freezer, l,100-ton capacity cold-storage :ment hu bound itleli DOt to licenJt. the export of more than 88,000 pounds of shrimp plant, and an ice plant with a production ca­ amnlaUy by third partie •• pacity of 15 tons of ice per dy.y) in the City of Papeete. i~' 80 In' 3. The Japanese firm will arrange to weronS we d en on supply tuna to the base for freezing and sub­ MPORT FEES REDUCED ON FROZEN sequent shipment to the United States firm's E"r ISH FILLETS FROM EFTA COUNTRIES: packing plant in the United States. - The Swedish Agricultural Marketing Board The Japanese company hopes to contract nnounced late in February 1962 that import for over 10 Japanese tuna vessels of less than e es on frozen fish fillets of cod, haddock, 100 tons gross to fish for the Papeete base a ithe, whiting, and redfish or ocean perch and is said to have already signed up more ported from European Free Trade Associ- than half of the vessels. Reportedly, estab­ b on (EFTA) countries, including Finland, lishment of the joint United States - French e re to be further decreased effective March fishing company has already been approved , 1962, and will amount to 0.27 crowns per by the Tahitian Government. Plans call for D o (2.4 U. S. cents a pound). utilizing the base as a fueling station for oth­ er large Japanese tuna vessels operating in 00 The first gradual reduction of the import nearby waters as well. 15, e on frozen fish fillets was made on July 1, 60, when the fee was reduced from 0.45 .~ c r owns per kilo (3.9 cents a pound) to 0.36 tha c:r owns per kilo (3.2 cents a pound). Taiwan et • For frozen fish fillets of the same spe- th tJ.es listed but imported from other than TWO LARGE TUNA VESSELS BUILT i~ TA countries, as well as for fresh and IN JAPAN FOR TAIWAN: b chIlled fillets from EFTA and other coun­ The two 500-ton-class tuna long-line ves­ d~ ~L'ies, the import fee remains unchanged, or sels ordered from a shipbuilding company

ai .45 crowns per kilo (3.9 cents a pound). Re­ at Shimizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, by a ~ o:rted on March 2, 1962, by the United States fisheries company of Formosa, had been com­ ~nsulate, Goteborg. pleted as of mid - March 1962 and were expected -- -- ~ 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.5

Taiwan (Contd.): Another fleet began fishing for flounder north of Unimak Island on February 14. Ap­ to be delivered to the Formosan company. proximately 40 trawlers were led by the re­ According to a November 1961 press report, connaissance vessel Pelamida. (Unpublished the two vessels are to be based at the north sources.) Formosan port of Keelung and the Chinese fishing firm plans to send them to the Indian Ocean to fish for tuna. (Shin Suisan Shimbun * * * * * Sokuho, March 15, 1962, and other sources.) THIRD F ACTORYSHIP FOR FAR EAST FISHING FLEET: Pavel Chebotniagin, the third of a new se­ ries of factoryships with crab canning-equip­ ment, was launched at the Leningrad Admiral­ U.S.S.R. ty Shipyards. Like the Eugenii Nikishin and Andrei Zakharov, it is assigned to the SOviet FISHING ON GEORGES BANK Far East Fishing Fleet. The 15,000-gross­ IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC: ton vessel was expected in Vladivostok at tbe By the middle of February 1962, Soviet end of March 1962. (Unpublished sources.) fishing vessels on Georges Bank in the North Atlantic numbered 10 factoryships of the The December 6, 1961, issue of Ekonomita­ 2,450-gross-ton Pushkin class and 4 factory- '1{skaj a carried an article on the factoryship ndrei Sakharov which was delivered from the Leningrad shipyard about a year earlier and also operates from Vladivostok. The ves­ sel is first and foremost equipped for catch­ in~ and proceSSing crab and" Pacific macker­ el' (Cololabis saira), but can also fish for salmon and pollock.

"Pacific mackerel" are fished for at night with the aid of blue electric lights which at­ tract the fish. The lights are fastened sevp.ral Russian drifter trawler operating on "Northern Edge" of Georges meters from the vessel's side. When the Bank in October 1961. Gill nets are being hauled in. Large lights have attracted a sufficient number of floats attached to float line of nets visible on surface in fore­ fish, they are changed to red. The fish are foreground. blinded and are easily taken in nets. (Accord­ s hips of the 2, 890-ton Leskov class, as well ing to earlier information it was planned to as 2 small trawlers. Observers report siza­ catch about two million hectoliters or 186,000 ble hauls, primarily of herring. If last year's metric tons of fish with the aid of electric pattern of arrivals is fOllowed, over 30 large lights in all of the U. S. S. R.) factoryships were expected to be fishing on Note: AlJo lee Commerc:ial Fisheries Review, A~il 1962 p. 64. Georges Bank in March. (U n pub lis he d sources.) * * * * * BUILDING LARGE TUNA VESSEL: * * * * * A new .930-ton tuna vessel being built in Lenin~rad will be 177 feet long with a maxi­ FISHING ACTIVITIES IN mum speed of 12 knots and a cruising range THE BERING SEA: of 60 days. The net, managed by two wincbes_ During F ebruary 1962 the Soviet herring will be the main fiShing gear used, althougb fleet, led by the fish -locating flagship Bras­ particularly large tuna will be killed with e­ lav and two other large freezer stern-trawl­ lectric gear. er s (Ulianovsk and Arseniev), was operating mainly in t he vicinity of the Pribilof Islands. Upon completion the vessel will be assigned Approximately 100 medium trawlers were to the Soviet Pacific fishing fleet operated,by hauling their catches to refrigerated fish the Main Administration of Far Eastern F1Bh­ transports. They also deliver cat c he s to eries, which plans to develop a significant stern-trawlers, because there are not enough tuna fishery in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. refrigerated transports on hand. (Unpublished sources.) * * * * * May 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 u. S. S. R. (Contd.): WHALING FLEET IN ANTARCTIC INCREASING: FISHERY CATCH FOR 1961: Soviet participation in Antarctic whaling The Soviet Union's fisheries fulfilled the has increased while Norw'egian and British . 961 plan with a catch of about 3.7 million participation has declined. A total of 67 So­ etric tons of fish, whales, and other aquatic viet whale catcher boats and 4 floating fac­ roducts. The 1962 plan calls for a total tories participated in the 1961/62 Antarctic atch of 3,937,000 tons. The catch in 1960 whaling season. The Soviets operater 37 as 3.5 million tons (the catch of 3.1 million catchers and 2 floating factories in Antarctic ons reported previously did not include waters in 1959/60, and 52 catchers and 3 "bales). Marine fisheries now account for floating factories in 1960/61. Out of the 18 new catchers built in 1961 by Antarctic whal­ ing nations, 15 were Soviet. (Norsk Hval­ fangst-Tidende, No 1, January 1962.,- * * * * * RUSSIANS APPREHEND DANISH FISHING VESSELS WITHIN TWELVE-MILE LIMIT: In February 1962 at least two Danish salm­ on fishing cutters were apprehended by Rus­ sian authorities in the Baltic Sea, according Fig. 1 - A large Russian fishery factoryship. to Copenhagen newspaper reports. The ves­ sels were taken into port, fined for fishing a. bout four-fifths (78 percent) of the U. S. S. R. within the 12 -mile limit established by the ;!atch, whereas only a decade ago inland fish­ U. S. S. R., and then released. eries accounted for over one-half (54 per- ~ e at) of the catch. Baltic salmon are sought by fishermen from Poland, Sweden, Finland, and West Ger­ many, as well as from Denmark. The Danes .. are reported to have the best boats and gear and to fish most intensively. The Danish catch of salmon in 1961 (practically all from the Eastern Baltic) amounted to 2.6 million pounds as compared with the record catch of 3.1 million pounds in 1960. Ex-vessel prices averaged 13.33 kroner per kg. (87.7 U. S. cents a pound) in 1961, 8.3 percent under the record price of 14.54 kroner per kg. (95.6 cents a pound) in 1960. (Fisheries Attache, ,~ . 2 - Russian trawler operating in North Pacific. Length a­ United States Embassy, Copenhagen, Febru'" ).:It 70 feet. ary 26, 1962.) Soviet fishing in the Northwestern Atlan­ e . c began in 1957, and in the short span of )ur years catches rose to 258,000 metric os in 1960. Fishing expansion into the orth Pacific began in 1958, and catches in United Kingdom , at area grew from 480,000 tons in 1950 to ;6(),OOO tons in 1960. In 1959, the expansion NEW REFRIGERATED VAN WITH if Soviet fishing into the Central and South AUTOMATIC DEFROST: Hantic began. Antarctic whaling has also A British firm has introduced eighty 30- :een intensified. The principal expansion cwt. (1-1 i-ton) vans equipped with forced -air lreas during the Seven - Year Plan will be in evaporators, and reverse-cycle defrost sys­ :Il.e Northwest Atlantic, South Atlantic, Ber­ tem providing an operative temperature of :'l.g Sea, and Indian Ocean. (Translations -50 to -100 F. (-20.60 to 23.30 C.). The pay­ ,J-om various monthly issues of Rybnoe load in the vans compares favorably with ~ hoziaistvo.) heavier vans up to 3 tons, using other types \)te: Also see Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1962 p. 55. of cooling coils which take up considerable space and impose an uneconomic weight load. * * * * * erse cycle defrost system bas r es by the Brltlsh flrm through­ n prototype vehicle and has suc­ demonstrated that effective defrost­ n be assured without temperature rlse Salted herring r produc s and enabling the vehicle White fish n onstant service. ehmlnBting the da -oft for defrosting other types The Board of Trade also ina co s. ( odern Refrlgeratl0n. vol. their Tariff and Import P o,Hc:!:v 6! DO. 758 p 485) considering an applicatio unport duty on fats and oil of ••••• mammals, but not including