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Vedic System of Education Vedas Are Known As Sruth

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Vedic System of Education Vedas Are Known As Sruth UNIT---V POLICY FRAMEWORK ON EDUCATION PRE-INDEPENDENT INDIA... VEDIC SYSTEM: Vedic system of Education Vedas are known as Sruthi. Vedas means knowledge of wisdom. 1. Aims of Education The spiritual personality is the central core of the vedtha philosophy. Respect the individual personality, Development of inhernt potential and noble virtues of students along with instilling the sense of social responsibilities is the main aim of education. 2. Curriculum The vedic curriculum consists of vedas Upanishads, Siksha, Kalpa, Uyakarna, Niraktha, Ramayana and Mahabartha, Punchakavya, Artha sastra, Dharma Sastra etc. The teacher did not teach everything to all this Pupils. Depending upon the aptitude and ability of each pupil the teacher taught the appropriate things. 3. Gurukula System of education Children had to spend their student days called Brabhacharya and the residency of Guru called Ashram . At the age of seven intiation ceremony called Upananaya.The pupil is accepted by the the teacher after a probationary period of a year. All the facilities like free food ,clothes and stay were provided in the Ashram. Students wre highly respectful for the teacher and helped the teacher's family . 4. Methods of Teaching Oral explanation, recitation , memorisation, and demonstration. Sanskrit was the medium of instruction. Students used Sravana (hearing)Manana(reflection) and Nididyasara (meditation) are the methods to master the knowledge. Disscussion and debates were also held. 5. Teacher The teacher called Guru was a man of character. He was the living role model for his disciples. According to Upanishads, introspection, teacher's Diksha (guidance ) devotion to God and the teacher are the necesssary for one's self realisation Merits and Demerits of Vedic Education 1.Education for all learners 2. Teaching Learning process took place in natural surroundings. 3. Pupils lived a simple and pure life of Brahmacharya by avoiding things of luxury. 4. There was intimated relationship between the teacher and education was imparted accordingly. 5. Teachers commanded high respect and diginity were treated alike irrespective of their social status. Demerits 1. Education was provided only to Brahmins. 2. Women Education was not given any importance 3. Medium of Instruction was Sanskirt and not given any importance. 4.Some considered the service rendered by Pupils in the household activities of the teacher as slavery. 5, Vedas wre given importance in the curriculum. BUDDHIST SYSTEM: Buddhist system of Education: The religion was founded by lord Buddha 1. Aims of Education In this system of education no importance was given for vedas and rituals but good conduct and simple life. 2. Curriculum Buddhist curriculum consists of subject utility in practical life like medicine , astronomy, Mathematics,sculpture,painting etc.were given importance .The basic skills of 3 RS (Reading,Writing,and arithmatic) was also given importance. 3.System of Education: Buddha Bikshus living in monastries were the teachers pupils after completion of the initiation ceremony called pappaja without any discrimination of castes,joined the Buddha Viharas (Temples) and spent 12 years in learning.Those who wished to became teachers took the ritual 'Upasamwatha' at the age of 20 with the permission of their parents.women were given equal opportunity to learn students paid fees for their education food and stay. 4. Methods of Teaching: oral expositims , group discussions and debates meditation,were the several teaching learning followed pali is the language of the people .It is used as a medium of instruction. Teacher: ➢ Buddha Bikshus were the teachers. ➢ They lived in Monasteries. ➢ Students had the freedom to study the subjects of their choice . ➢ Students undertook travel under the leadership of buddhist monks and took part in seminars and debates. Merits of Buddhist system of Education: ➢ students were admitted for education without any discrimination of sex and caste. ➢ Vedas and rituals were claimed(oppose). ➢ Subjects of human utility like medicine,painting sculpture,mathematics and astronomy were given importance. ➢ People's language of pali was employed as a medium of instruction. ➢ Buddha Bikshus were the teachers. ➢ Righteous conduct and pure life were stressed. JAINISM SYSTEM: JAINISM SYSTEM OF EDUCATION: The word Jainism finds its root jina which means conquerer.The religion Mahavira (599-527 B.C). Jainism also refuses to believe in god.Further it supports the concept of Brahman in God. Further it supports the concept of Brahman. Hence jainism could be considered as a midway Aims of Education: Development of personality of each individual student in the aim of education. It does not have any predetermined absolute gods. It believes in the development. System of Education: Residential living of the pupils along with the teacher was stressed.it is also like a gurukula system of Education. Methods of Teaching: Debate and discussion were used as the methods of Instruction memorisation was gives a prime place in learning .Mother tongue was the medium of instruction. No prescribe books only through oral. Teacher: According to Jainism high qualities were expected of Teachers .strict discipline for the students. Development of Education during the Pre-independent Period: Macaulay's Minute(1835): English as the medium of instruction. Recommended that the object of educational policy in India should be spreading western knowledge through the medium of English. The Wood's Despatch (1854): • It initiated modern educational system assured advancement of western knowledge . It recommended the use of english as the medium of instruction . • • Establishment of universities at madras,calcutta and bombay. Organisation of a network of graded school all-over India. • Recommendations included introduction of the system of grants-in-aid,training of teachers encouragement of educated employment and women's education. Indian Education commission 1882: / Hunter's commission: • Giving free education to a certain percentage of the poor. English as the medium of instruction. • • Scholarship facilities for the students studies abroad. • Special educational facilities for muslims and women ,backward classes,tribes and other low classes. The Sargent Plan (1944): The Central Advisory Board of Education(CABE) was called upon to prepare a post-war educational developmental plan. Ths is the first official attempt to plan a national system of education for India. Pre-primary education for the age group 3 and 6. Universal,compulsory and free primary or basic education for all children between 6 and 14.Junior basic(6-11) and senior basic(11-14) High School education for 6yrs to Selected children between 11 and 17. A three year university course for selected students after higher secondary examination. Full time and part time technical,commercial and art courses on an adequate scale. Development of public library. • Full provision for the proper training of teachers. • Organisation of compulsory physical education and medical inspection. Creation of employment bureaus. • • Educational facilities for the physically and mentally handicapped children. Provision of social and recreational activities. Basic Education: Every school is to function with the available local materials and resources.All schools subjects are to be taught through a chosen handicraft . Through weaving and spinning were given importances ,other rural crafts were also equally acceptable as medium of teaching .Pupils are to become proficient in their mother tongue and a handicraft. Earing while learning,developing skills adequately in a handicraft at the end of eight year education so as to take it up as one's own vocation are the hall marks of basic education (Wardha system of Education in 1937) Aims of Education: Education is an all round development physical,intellectual,aesthetic moral and spiritual . It is to impart training in citizenship build character give professinonal training and impart culture. Curriculum: Crafts as an essential part of curriculum,craft not as an additional subject but as the medium of education .craft bias to education will bring into play the priniciples of co-operative activity,individual responsibility,initiative accuracy and emotional catheris(extreme or end). Methods of Instruction: Craft was given a central place in education.Craft is not learnt as a subject along with other subjects of study .In basic education all subjects are to be taught through a chosen craft using the correlation approach.This will integrate all knowledge and encourage self-activity rather than rote memory.Self-Experiences is gained through crafts. Basic education is referred to as “craft-centred education”. Educational Planning: Gandhiji wanted free and compulsory primary education between the ages of 7 to 14 for the whole mass of Indian population. Role of the teacher: Teachers should have not only professional training and proficiency in subject matter but devotion and dedication in their work.students should consider their teachers as substitute parents and show utmost respect and reverence. Characteristics of Basic Education: • Free and compulsory education for all boys and girls between the ages 7-14. Chosen craft as the centre of Education. • • Gandhiji recommended the principle of correlation .he wanted all knowledge to be correlated with craft. • • Productivity of educational process-self supporting aspect of education. Simple co-operative community living. • • Mother tongue of the child should be the medium of instruction.
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