Forecasting the Vitality of the Fur Language: a Study in Language Use Patterns and Attitudes in Darfur
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Darfur, Sudan: the Responsibility to Protect
House of Commons International Development Committee Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 March 2005 HC 67-II [Incorporating HC 67-i to -vi] Published 30 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £18.50 The International Development Committee The International Development Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for International Development and its associated public bodies. Current membership Tony Baldry MP (Conservative, Banbury) (Chairman) John Barrett MP (Liberal Democrat, Edinburgh West) Mr John Battle MP (Labour, Leeds West) Hugh Bayley MP (Labour, City of York) Mr John Bercow MP (Conservative, Buckingham) Ann Clwyd MP (Labour, Cynon Valley) Mr Tony Colman MP (Labour, Putney) Mr Quentin Davies MP (Conservative, Grantham and Stamford) Mr Piara S Khabra MP (Labour, Ealing Southall) Chris McCafferty MP (Labour, Calder Valley) Tony Worthington MP (Labour, Clydebank and Milngavie) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/indcom Committee staff The staff of the Committee are Alistair Doherty (Clerk), Hannah Weston (Second Clerk), Alan Hudson and Anna Dickson (Committee Specialists), Katie Phelan (Committee Assistant), Jennifer Steele (Secretary) and Philip Jones (Senior Office Clerk). -
General Presentation of Results
HUMANITARIAN AID ORGANISATION Return-oriented Profiling in the Southern Part of West Darfur and corresponding Chadian border area General presentation of results July 2005 INDEX INTRODUCTION pag. 3 PART 1: ANALYSIS OF MAIN TRENDS AND ISSUES IDENTIFIED pag. 6 Chapter 1: Demographic Background pag. 6 1.1 Introduction pag. 6 1.2 The tribes pag. 8 1.3 Relationship between African and Arabs tribes pag. 11 Chapter 2: Displacement and Return pag. 13 2.1 Dispacement pag. 13 2.2 Return pag. 16 2.3 The creation of “model” villages pag. 17 Chapter 3: The Land pag. 18 3.1 Before the crisis pag. 18 3.2 After the crisis pag. 19 Chapter 4: Security pag. 22 4.1 Freedom of movement pag. 22 4.2 Land and demography pag. 23 PART 2: ANALYSIS OF THE SECTORAL ISSUES pag. 24 Chapter 1: Sectoral Gaps and Needs pag. 24 1.1 Health pag. 24 1.2 Education pag. 27 1.3 Water pag. 32 1.4 Shelter pag. 36 1.5 Vulnerable pag. 37 1.6 International Presence pag. 38 PART 3: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS pag. 42 Annex 1: Maps pag. 45 i Bindisi/Chadian Border pag. 45 ii Um-Dukhun/Chadian Border pag. 46 iii Mukjar pag. 47 iiii Southern West Darfur – Overview pag. 48 Annex 2: Geographical Summary of the Villages Profiled pag. 49 i Bindisi Administrative Unit pag. 49 ii Mukjar Administrative Unit pag. 61 iii Um-Dukhun Administrative Unit pag. 71 iiii Chadian Border pag. 91 iiiii Other Marginal Areas (Um-Kher, Kubum, Shataya) pag. 102 INTRODUCTION The current crisis has deep roots in the social fabric of West Darfur. -
Égypte\/Monde Arabe, 27-28
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenEdition Égypte/Monde arabe 27-28 | 1996 Les langues en Égypte Examples of Levelling and Counterreactions in the Dialects of Bedouin Tribes in Northwestern Sinai Rudolf de Jong Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ema/1955 DOI : 10.4000/ema.1955 ISSN : 2090-7273 Éditeur CEDEJ - Centre d’études et de documentation économiques juridiques et sociales Édition imprimée Date de publication : 31 décembre 1996 Pagination : 355-382 ISSN : 1110-5097 Référence électronique Rudolf de Jong, « Examples of Levelling and Counterreactions in the Dialects of Bedouin Tribes in Northwestern Sinai », Égypte/Monde arabe [En ligne], Première série, Les langues en Égypte, mis en ligne le 09 juillet 2008, consulté le 02 mai 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ema/1955 ; DOI : 10.4000/ema.1955 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 2 mai 2019. © Tous droits réservés Examples of Levelling and Counterreactions in the Dialects of Bedouin Tribes ... 1 Examples of Levelling and Counterreactions in the Dialects of Bedouin Tribes in Northwestern Sinai Rudolf de Jong NOTE DE L’ÉDITEUR Entre la version publiée sur papier et la version actuellement en ligne, les lettres emphatiques ne sont pas passées. L’article qui suit portant en grande partie sur cette question, il est recommandé de se reporter à la version publiée sur papier, encore disponible à la vente auprès du Cedej. NOTE DE L'AUTEUR Languages and Cultures of the Middle East, University of Amsterdam, Oude Turfmarkt 129, 1012 GC Amsterdam, Nethertands. 1 A long the northern littoral of the Sinai desert between the Suez Canal and the Israeli border live around twelve Bedouin tribes. -
Metathesis Is Real, and It Is a Regular Relation A
METATHESIS IS REAL, AND IT IS A REGULAR RELATION A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics By Tracy A. Canfield, M. S. Washington, DC November 17 , 2015 Copyright 2015 by Tracy A. Canfield All Rights Reserved ii METATHESIS IS REAL, AND IT IS A REGULAR RELATION Tracy A. Canfield, M.S. Thesis Advisor: Elizabeth C. Zsiga , Ph.D. ABSTRACT Regular relations are mathematical models that are widely used in computational linguistics to generate, recognize, and learn various features of natural languages. While certain natural language phenomena – such as syntactic scrambling, which requires a re-ordering of input elements – cannot be modeled as regular relations, it has been argued that all of the phonological constraints that have been described in the context of Optimality Theory can be, and, thus, that the phonological grammars of all human languages are regular relations; as Ellison (1994) states, "All constraints are regular." Re-ordering of input segments, or metathesis, does occur at a phonological level. Historically, this phenomenon has been dismissed as simple speaker error (Montreuil, 1981; Hume, 2001), but more recent research has shown that metathesis occurs as a synchronic, predictable phonological process in numerous human languages (Hume, 1998; Hume, 2001). This calls the generalization that all phonological processes are regular relations into doubt, and raises other -
SONORITY and SYLLABLE WEIGHT in FUR by ASHLEY LOBER
SONORITY AND SYLLABLE WEIGHT IN FUR by ASHLEY LOBER MCKEEVER Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2014 Shape of the baseright © by Ashley Lober McKeever 2014 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements First, I would like to acknowledge both M and El-Fadel Arbab for allowing me the privilege and honor to work on your language. I would like to acknowledge the members of the Fur Cultural Revival (FCR) in Maine; in particular, I appreciate the FCR board members, Mansour Ahmed, El-Fadel Arbab, Babiker Mohamed, and Salami Arbab for being so gracious to me during my time in Maine. I also would like to thank my committee members, Colleen Fitzgerald, Jerald Edmondson, Steven Parker, and Cindy Kilpatrick. To my chair, Colleen, for her support, suggestions, and time during this process. She has encouraged me to keep going even when I wanted to give up. To Jerald Edmondson for initially peaking my interest in the Fur language during our Field Methods course and for initially taking me on during the beginning stages of my dissertation. To Steven Parker, who has been with me throughout the different versions of my dissertation; I have appreciated his kind, detailed feedback and suggestions. To Cindy Kilpatrick for joining my committee toward the end of my journey. Her comments, help, and time have been much appreciated. I also would like to thank others that have played a role at some point in my process here at UTA. -
Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages No
OCCASIONAL PAPERS in the study of SUDANESE LANGUAGES No. 10 Phonology of Kakuwâ (Kakwa) Yuga Juma Onziga and Leoma Gilley......................................1 Laru Vowel Harmony Nabil Abdallah......................................................................17 Lexical and Postlexical Vowel Harmony in Fur Constance Kutsch Lojenga.....................................................35 Tennet Verb Paradigms Christine Waag and Eileen Kilpatrick....................................45 Negation Strategies in Tima Suzan Alamin........................................................................61 Number in Ama Verbs Russell Norton.......................................................................75 The Prefix /ɔ́-/ in Lumun Kinship Terms and Personal Names Heleen Smits.........................................................................95 Lumun Participant Reference in Narrative Discourse Timothy Stirtz.....................................................................115 Third Person Identification and Reference in Mündü Narrative Dorothea Jeffrey.................................................................141 OCCASIONAL PAPERS in the study of SUDANESE LANGUAGES No. 10 There are a number of institutions and individuals who are interested in research on languages in Sudan and there is a need to make research presently being done available to others. The purpose of these Occasional Papers is to serve as an outlet for work papers and other useful data which might otherwise remain in private files. We hope that Sudanese and -
Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris
Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris Version 1.0 August 2017 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country information COI in this note has been researched in accordance with principles set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI) and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, namely taking into account its relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability. All information is carefully selected from generally reliable, publicly accessible sources or is information that can be made publicly available. Full publication details of supporting documentation are provided in footnotes. Multiple sourcing is normally used to ensure that the information is accurate, balanced and corroborated, and that a comprehensive and up-to-date picture at the time of publication is provided. Information is compared and contrasted, whenever possible, to provide a range of views and opinions. -
The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity
The Evolution of Linguistic Diversity Daniel Nettle Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University College London 1996 ProQuest Number: 10044366 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10044366 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the causes and consequences of diversity in human language. It is divided into three sections, each of which addresses a different aspect of the topic. The first section uses computer simulations to examine various mechanisms which may produce diversity in language: imperfect learning, geographical isolation, selection on the basis of social affiliation, and functional selection amongst linguistic variants. It is concluded that social and functional selection by speakers provide the main motive forces for the divergence of languages. The second section examines the factors influencing the geographical distribution of languages in the world. By far the most important is the ecological regime in which people live. Seasonal climates produce large ethnolinguistic groups because people form large networks of exchange to mitigate the subsistence risk to which they are exposed. -
Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris
Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris Version 1.0 August 2017 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country information COI in this note has been researched in accordance with principles set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI) and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, namely taking into account its relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability. All information is carefully selected from generally reliable, publicly accessible sources or is information that can be made publicly available. Full publication details of supporting documentation are provided in footnotes. Multiple sourcing is normally used to ensure that the information is accurate, balanced and corroborated, and that a comprehensive and up-to-date picture at the time of publication is provided. Information is compared and contrasted, whenever possible, to provide a range of views and opinions. -
Proquest Dissertations
Bedouin ethnobotany: Plant concepts and plant use in a desert pastoral world Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Mandaville, James Paul Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 11:40:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290142 BEDOUIN ETHNOBOTANY: PLANT CONCEPTS AND PLANT USE IN A DESERT PASTORAL WORLD by James Paul Mandaville Copyright © James Paul Mandaville 2004 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN ARID LANDS RESOURCE SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2004 UMI Number: 3158126 Copyright 2004 by Mandaville, James Paul All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3158126 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. -
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THE ASSIMILATION OF* LOAN WORDS IN MASAL ITT John Tees Edgar A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of London 1988 - 1 - BIBL. LONDIN. UNIV ProQuest Number: 11010338 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010338 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 I ^ 'f /I OJ' i I Dedicat ion For my mother and my sister - 3 - A B S T R A C T "The assimilation of loan words in Masai it" This is a study of the assimilation patterns and processes of Arabic words adopted into the Masai it language. The Masai it, a settled people numbering between one and two hundred thousand, live in Dar Masai it, the western district of Dar Fur, Sudan and in eastern Wadai, Chad. Most are peasant farmers, growing millet as their staple food and keeping goats, sheep and occasionally cows. Their language belongs to the Maba group (belonging to Greenberg's postulated Nilo-Saharan phylum. Many Masalit are bilingual in Masalit and Colloquial Arabic, some do not speak Masalit at all. -
Sudan, December 2004
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Sudan, December 2004 COUNTRY PROFILE: SUDAN December 2004 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of the Sudan (Jumhuriyat as-Sudan). Short Form: Sudan. Term for Citizen(s): Sudanese. Capital: Khartoum. Other Major Cities: Omdurman, Khartoum North, Port Click to Enlarge Image Sudan, Kassala, Al Ubayyid, and Nyala (according to decreasing size, 1993 census). Independence: Sudan gained independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt on January 1, 1956. Public Holidays: Sudan observes the following public holidays: Independence Day (January 1, 2004), Feast of the Sacrifice/Id al-Adha (February 1, 2004*), Islamic New Year (February 22, 2004*), Uprising Day, anniversary of 1985 coup (April 6, 2004), Coptic Easter Monday/Sham an-Nassim (April 12, 2004*), Birth of the Prophet/Mouloud (May 2, 2004*), Revolution Day (June 30, 2004), end of Ramadan/Id al-Fitr (November 14, 2004*), and Christmas (December 25, 2004). The asterisk indicates holidays with variable dates according to the Islamic or Coptic calendar. Flag: Sudan’s flag has three horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Click to Enlarge Image Prehistory and Early History: Northern Sudan was inhabited by hunting and gathering peoples by at least 60,000 years ago. These peoples had given way to pastoralists and probably agriculturalists at least by the fourth millennium B.C. Sudan’s subsequent culture and history have largely revolved around relations to the north with Egypt and to the south with tropical Africa, the Nile River forming a “bridge” through the Sahara Desert between the two.