Beyond the Middle Passage
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UC SANTA CRUZ inquiry RESEARCH MAGAZINE 2018–19 Beyond the middle passage GEOENGINEERING | DEADLY BIOFILMS | LOST LANDSCAPES UC SANTA CRUZ RESEARCH MAGAZINE inquiry2018–19 The spirit of inquiry@UC Santa Cruz BRIEF inquiries page 4 inquiries&INNOVATIONS page 11 The Offices of Research and University Relations on marine mammals, and social sciences FEATURES are proud to present the 4th edition of inquiry@UC tackling complex issues in geoengineering and Santa Cruz! This issue of our campus environmental politics. Beyond the Middle Passage Detecting human diversity Variation graphs facilitate genomic discovery page 29 research magazine—written and edited This issue also incorporates several new Intra-American trafficking magnified slavery’s impact page 12 by graduates of UCSC’s internationally features. We have a new department, Viewing lost landscapes renowned Science Communication inquiries&INNOVATIONS, which highlights our Save the data! Home movies capture history through a personal Program—continues to highlight the campus’s intellectual property and industry Scholar activism seeks social and environmental lens page 33 superb research being conducted partnerships. And readers will now find a robust justice page 18 across all disciplines on the campus. e-magazine at inquiry.ucsc.edu, with hyperlinks Guided by the light This year’s reporting covers work in and references for those who want to conduct A three-minute challenge Stars bring biology into focus page 37 the humanities aimed at generating a Competition showcases graduate student research “further inquiry” into the topics presented. page 21 deeper understanding of the African Crossed currents Welcome to the 2018–19 issue of inquiry. We slave experience in the Americas, Conflicting stress responses may beach marine hope that you enjoy its samplings of the breadth, Canvassing bacterial mammals page 38 Credit: Steve Kurtz art exploring lost urban landscapes, depth, and creativity of the UCSC research communities engineering providing innovations in microscopy* enterprise! Targeting biofilms to bust cholera Geoengineering’s dilemma page 22 and telescopy, physical and biological sciences What comes first, research or governance? page 40 probing of bacterial biofilms and stressors A window to the early universe Witnessing the birth of galaxies page 28 Scott A. Brandt Vice Chancellor for Research and Professor of Computer Science PEN&INQ page 46 *Shortly before publication we received the sad INQUIRINGminds page 47 news that Joel Kubby, professor of electrical engineering, had passed away. We are glad to be About the cover: The schooner Amistad is one of thousands of slave ships included in the new Intra- able to honor him in these pages for a life well lived American Slave Trade Database. Its African captives revolted in 1839 while the Amistad was transporting advancing inquiry across many scientific fields, them from one end of Cuba to the other, as chronicled in the 1997 Steven Spielberg blockbuster movie. including, most recently, microscopy (see page 37). CREDIT: WIKIPEDIA COMMONS. 2 inquiry@UC Santa Cruz For further inquiry, go to inquiry.ucsc.edu 3 BRIEF inquiries UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SOCIOLOGY ultimately for the kids would likely have led impact future hydrology. to accurately predict how SANTA CRUZ ECONOMICS and families of Silicon to more intense storms In California, for example, that will impact things Valley, particularly those Chancellor Big data for kids at higher latitudes and Zachos’s work supports like precipitation, so George Blumenthal Preparing for recession at risk for poor outcomes. poleward shifts in dry models that predict more communities can plan.” “Imagine you’re a school That’s what’s driving us.” and wet regions. severe droughts and —Ula Chrobak Campus Provost and principal with a struggling —Sascha Zubryd Although the heating storms. Executive Vice Chancellor student and you have no during the PETM didn’t “We’re basically doing Marlene Tromp information about what’s LINGUISTICS occur nearly as fast as forensics,” said Zachos, going on,” said Rebecca EARTH AND Vice Chancellor, Research today’s human-caused who has been studying London, assistant PLANETARY SCIENCES Scott Brandt climate change, such ancient ocean sediments Lost languages professor of sociology case studies can be used for 30 years. “CO2 levels Vice Chancellor, University Relations and research liaison to the The task of saving Sedimentary to inform theories about are going to go up, and Keith Brant Silicon Valley Regional indigenous languages how global warming will climate specialists want inquiry@UC Santa Cruz Data Trust (SVRDT). climate clues has acquired increased 2018–19 Substantial information To what extent has human Editor about health, living activity contributed to MOLECULAR, CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY David Egerter (SciCom ’88) situation, and other social today’s powerful storms factors—which contribute and heat waves? To help Creative Director in major ways to school answer this key climate Stiffing cancer Lisa Nielsen performance—resides in change question, James Within the body’s Art Director Zachos, professor Distinguished professor of economics Carl Walsh speaks public agency databases, tissues, a framework Linda Knudson (Cowell ’76) said Rodney Ogawa, and chair of Earth and of molecules called the on monetary policy at Norges Bank, the central bank of planetary sciences, looks Norway. Credit: Courtesy of Carl Walsh. research professor of extracellular matrix Designer to the past. Janice Lasnier (Cowell ’99) education and a SVRDT (ECM) holds cells During the 2008 Other safeguards may director. However, Fifty-six million years ago, together. As tumors Associate Editors financial crisis, the be needed. Walsh and because each agency’s during the Paleocene- develop in many Quentin Williams, principal Federal Reserve other economists are data are isolated, they’re Eocene Thermal types of cancer, this Jeanne Lance reinvigorated the evaluating whether unavailable to outside Maximum (PETM), the framework stiffens. educators and health Contributors economy by slashing central banks should Earth heated up 6° C “A lump felt during a and human service Sukee Bennett (SciCom ’17) its benchmark interest move away from current and stayed warm for monthly breast exam Ula Chrobak (SciCom ’17) workers trying to help rate to zero. Today, as policies that work to 150 thousand years. In a does not necessarily Emma Hiolski (SciCom ’17) children. The SVRDT aims the economy continues maintain a certain recently published study, reflect the number Adam Mann (SciCom ’10) to change that, Ogawa to rebound, interest inflation rate. They senior author Zachos and of cancer cells,” said Sarah McQuate (SciCom ’17) said, while safeguarding rates are climbing. could instead aim to collaborators analyzed Lindsay Hinck, Katharine Miller (SciCom ’01) keep general prices at a students’ privacy. ancient plankton shells Chris Palmer (SciCom ’13) But due to shifts in professor of molecular, certain level or promise from this period to Robert Pollie (SciCom ’82) the global economy— Working with San cell and developmental to keep future interest reveal increasing ocean Barbra A. Rodriquez (SciCom ’97) in particular, the Mateo, Santa Clara, and biology. “It reflects both rates low. Such forward salinity and temperature. Patricia Waldron (SciCom ’14) emergence of China— Santa Cruz county child the cancer cells and the Activation of ROBO1 by its signaling partner SLIT2 guidance policies are By producing greater Cameron Walker (SciCom ’02) economists expect welfare services, Offices stiffened extracellular induces breast epithelial cells to produce cell-matrix discussed in a new evaporation near the Amy West (SciCom ’12) slower growth and of Education, juvenile matrix.” adhesion molecules (red, arrows), helping the cells to chapter in the recently probation, and behavioral equator, these changes Sarah C. P. Williams (SciCom ’07) interest rates to remain ECM stiffening maintain their position within the extracellular matrix. Marcus Woo (SciCom ’07) published fourth edition health staff, the SVRDT low overall. If there’s appears to block The cytoskeleton and DNA are labeled green and blue, Sascha Zubryd (SciCom ’11) of Walsh’s textbook, has nearly completed a respectively. Credit: Reprinted from Le, et al., Journal of another financial crisis, cancer progression by Monetary Theory and prototype Internet “portal” Cell Biology 2016:212(6):707-19. © 2016, with permission inflation will again maintaining a balanced Produced by UC Santa Cruz Policy. that will allow authorized from The Rockefeller University Press. plummet, taking interest state, or homeostasis, Communications & Marketing individuals—including rates down with it. If and when another of intracellular tension. 1156 High Street teachers, social workers, epithelial cells sense and changes that help cells recession hits, investors Conversely, loss of Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077 With rates already low, policymakers, and UC respond to increased retain their shape and would expect these this homeostasis Email: [email protected] the Fed won’t be able Santa Cruz researchers— ECM stiffness by position within the price-level targeting can contribute to Web: inquiry.ucsc.edu to cut them further to to access certain student reducing levels of the stiffened ECM. The policies to bump cancer progression spur spending. “When information. Made microRNA miR-203, a investigators also found 5/18 (1718-245/2.5M) IM6 prices—and inflation— by promoting tissue interest