DOCSLIB.ORG

Reindeer Health Aide Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reindeer Health Aide Manual Reindeer Health Aide Manual Prepared by Robert A. Dieterich, D.V.M. Jamie K. Morton, Ph.D. First Edition 1981 Second Edition 1990 Illustrated by Susan L. Kraft AFES Misc. Pub 90-4 CES 100H-00046 Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks and U. S. Department of Agriculture cooperating TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 ANATOMY OF REINDEER The skeleton........................................................................................................................ 1 Skull .................................................................................................................................... 1 Vertebrae............................................................................................................................. 1 Ribs ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Limbs .................................................................................................................................. 1 The organs .......................................................................................................................... 3 2 PHYSIOLOGY OF REINDEER Circulation .......................................................................................................................... 5 Respiration .......................................................................................................................... 5 Digestion & Nutrition ......................................................................................................... 8 Urogenital System ............................................................................................................ 10 Antler Growth ...................................................................................................................13 Body Heat Control ............................................................................................................ 13 Determination of Age by Tooth Wear ............................................................................... 14 3 DISEASES OF REINDEER Bacteria and Viruses ......................................................................................................... 16 Immunity to Disease ......................................................................................................... 17 Brucellosis ........................................................................................................................ 21 Rabies ............................................................................................................................... 26 Respiratory Diseases......................................................................................................... 27 Foot Rot ............................................................................................................................ 28 Mandibular Lesions .......................................................................................................... 28 Setaria ............................................................................................................................... 28 Fibropapillomas ................................................................................................................ 29 Keratitis (White-Eye) ....................................................................................................... 29 Abortion ............................................................................................................................ 29 Broken Antlers ..................................................................................................................29 4 PARASITOLOGY OF REINDEER Parasites ............................................................................................................................ 30 Warbles ............................................................................................................................. 30 Nasal Bots ......................................................................................................................... 33 Internal Parasites............................................................................................................... 35 Page 5 COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS FOR REINDEER First Aid ............................................................................................................................ 42 Castration .......................................................................................................................... 42 Aid in Fawning ................................................................................................................. 43 6 NECROPSY OF REINDEER Necropsy Procedures and techniques ............................................................................... 47 Specimen Preparation ....................................................................................................... 47 Tissue Collection .............................................................................................................. 50 Causative Agents .............................................................................................................. 51 APPENDICES Appendix I Tissue Collection ........................................................................................... 52 Appendix II Serum Collection.......................................................................................... 53 Appendix III Whole Blood Collection for Complete Blood Count.................................. 54 Appendix IV Care and Use of Syringes ........................................................................... 55 Appendix V Label and Use of Ivermectin ........................................................................ 59 Appendix VI Specimen Submission for Rabies Assay ..................................................... 60 Appendix VII Raising Orphan Reindeer Fawns ............................................................... 63 Appendix VIII Nutrition ................................................................................................... 68 Appendix IX Normal Blood Values for Reindeer ............................................................ 64 Appendix X Glossary ....................................................................................................... 85 LIST OF FIGURES Page Anatomy OF REINDEER Figure 1. Skeleton of the reindeer ........................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Internal organs of the reindeer ................................................................................. 4 PHYSIOLOGY OF REINDEER Figure 1. Structure of the heart ............................................................................................... 6 Figure 2. Structure of the lungs............................................................................................... 7 Figure 3. Ruminant stomach of the reindeer ........................................................................... 9 Figure 4. Female urogenital system in reindeer .................................................................... 11 Figure 5. Male urogenital system in reindeer ....................................................................... 12 Figure 6. Age determination of reindeer by tooth wear ........................................................ 15 DISEASE OF REINDEER Figure 1. Natural disease response ........................................................................................ 18 Figure 2. Vaccination ............................................................................................................ 19 Figure 3. Overwhelming infection ........................................................................................ 20 Parasites OF REINDEER Figure 1. Warble flies ............................................................................................................ 31 Figure 2. Nasal bots .............................................................................................................. 34 Figure 3. Roundworms.......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 4. Lungworms ............................................................................................................ 36 Figure 5. Tapeworms.............................................................................................................37 Figure 6. Wild carnivore-wild ruminant tapeworms ............................................................. 38 Figure 7. Echinococcus ......................................................................................................... 40 Figure 8. Sarcocystis ............................................................................................................. 41 COMMON MEDICAL TREATMENTS FOR REINDEER Figure 1. Normal presentation of fawn at birth ..................................................................... 44 Figure 2. Some abnormal presentations of the fawn ............................................................. 44 NECROPSY OF REINDEER Figure 1. Skinning the upper half of the body ...................................................................... 48 Figure 2. Disarticulating the left hip joint ............................................................................. 49 Figure 3. View of chest and abdomen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cervid TB DPP Testing August 2017
    Cervid TB DPP Testing August 2017 Elisabeth Patton, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM Veterinary Program Manager Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division of Animal Health Why Use the Serologic Test? Employ newer, accurate diagnostic test technology Minimizes capture and handling events for animal safety Expected to promote additional cervid TB testing • Requested by USAHA and cervid industry Comparable sensitivity and specificity to skin tests 2 Historical Timeline 3 Stat-Pak licensed for elk and red deer, 2009 White-tailed and fallow deer, 2010-11 2010 - USAHA resolution - USDA evaluate Stat-Pak as official TB test 2011 – Project to evaluate TB serologic tests in cervids (Cervid Serology Project); USAHA resolution to approve Oct 2012 – USDA licenses the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) secondary test for elk, red deer, white-tailed deer, and fallow deer Improved specificity compared to Stat-Pak Oct 2012 – USDA approves the Stat-Pak (primary) and DPP (secondary) as official bovine TB tests in elk, red deer, white- tailed deer, fallow deer and reindeer Recent Actions Stat-Pak is no longer in production 9 CFR 77.20 has been amended to approve the DPP as official TB program test. An interim rule was published on 9 January 2013 USDA APHIS created a Guidance Document (6701.2) to provide instructions for using the tests https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_ diseases/tuberculosis/downloads/vs_guidance_670 1.2_dpp_testing.pdf 4 Cervid Serology Project Objective 5 Evaluate TB detection tests for official bovine tuberculosis (TB) program use in captive and free- ranging cervids North American elk (Cervus canadensis) White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Primary/screening test AND Secondary Test: Dual Path Platform (DPP) Rapid immunochromatographic lateral-flow serology test Detect antibodies to M.
    [Show full text]
  • Willows of Interior Alaska
    1 Willows of Interior Alaska Dominique M. Collet US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 2 Willows of Interior Alaska Acknowledgements The development of this willow guide has been made possible thanks to funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge - order 70181-12-M692. Funding for printing was made available through a collaborative partnership of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Defense; Pacific North- west Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture; National Park Service, and Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The data for the distribution maps were provided by George Argus, Al Batten, Garry Davies, Rob deVelice, and Carolyn Parker. Carol Griswold, George Argus, Les Viereck and Delia Person provided much improvement to the manuscript by their careful editing and suggestions. I want to thank Delia Person, of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, for initiating and following through with the development and printing of this guide. Most of all, I am especially grateful to Pamela Houston whose support made the writing of this guide possible. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author. Disclaimer This publication is designed to provide accurate information on willows from interior Alaska. If expert knowledge is required, services of an experienced botanist should be sought. Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Foot and Mouth Disease Fastfact
    Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) What is foot and mouth How does FMD affect my Who should I contact if I disease and what causes it? animal? suspect FMD? Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is The most common signs of foot Contact your veterinarian a highly contagious viral disease of and mouth disease are fever and immediately. FMD is not currently cloven-hoofed (two-toed) animals (e.g., the formation of blisters, ulcers and found in the United States; suspicion cattle, pigs, sheep). FMD causes painful sores on the mouth, tongue, nose, of the disease requires immediate sores and blisters on the feet, mouth feet, and teats. Foot lesions occur in attention. the area of the coronary band and and teats of animals. between the toes. Infected cattle are How can I protect my animal Foot and mouth disease is a high depressed, reluctant to move, and from FMD? consequence livestock disease due to unwilling or unable to eat, which can To prevent the introduction of FMD, its potential for rapid spread, severe lead to decreased milk production, use strict biosecurity procedures on trade restrictions and the subsequent weight loss, and poor growth. Affected your farm. Isolate any new introductions economic impacts that would result. animals may also have nasal discharge or animal returning to the farm for The disease occurs in parts of Asia, and excessive salivation. Pigs often several weeks before introducing them have sore feet but less commonly into the herd. Minimize visitors on Africa, the Middle East and South develop mouth lesions. Sheep and your farm, especially those that have America, but has been eradicated goats show very mild, if any, signs of traveled from countries with FMD.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Eight Sudanese Camel Contagious Ecthyma Viruses Based on B2L Gene Sequence Abdelmalik I
    Khalafalla et al. Virology Journal (2015) 12:124 DOI 10.1186/s12985-015-0348-7 RESEARCH Open Access Phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on B2L gene sequence Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla1,2* , Ibrahim M. El-Sabagh3,4, Khalid A. Al-Busada5, Abdullah I. Al-Mubarak6 and Yahia H. Ali7 Abstract Background: Camel contagious ecthyma (CCE) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family Poxviridae. The disease has been reported in west and east of the Sudan causing economical losses. However, the PPVs that cause the disease in camels of the Sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. At present, the PPV that cause CCE cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. Methods and results: PCR was used to amplify the B2L gene of the PPV directly from clinical specimens collected from dromedary camels affected with contagious ecthyma in the Sudan between 1993 and 2013. PCR products were sequenced and subjected to genetic analysis. The results provided evidence for close relationships and genetic variation of the camel PPV (CPPV) represented by the circulation of both Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) strains among dromedary camels in the Sudan. Based on the B2L gene sequence the available CPPV isolates can be divided into two genetic clades or lineages; the Asian lineage represented by isolates from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and India and the African lineage comprising isolates from the Sudan. Conclusion: The camel parapoxvirus is genetically diverse involving predominantly viruses close to PCPV in addition to ORFVs, and can be divided into two genetically distant lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herbivore Digestive System Buffalo Zebra
    The Herbivore Digestive System Name__________________________ Buffalo Ruminant: The purpose of the digestion system is to ______________________________ _____________________________. Bacteria help because they can digest __________________, a sugar found in the cell walls of________________. Zebra Non- Ruminant: What is the name for the largest section of Organ Color Key a ruminant’s Mouth stomach? Esophagus __________ Stomach Small Intestine Cecum Large Intestine Background Information for the Teacher Two Strategies of Digestion in Hoofed Mammals Ruminant Non‐ruminant Representative species Buffalo, cows, sheep, goats, antelope, camels, Zebra, pigs, horses, asses, hippopotamus, rhinoceros giraffes, deer Does the animal Yes, regurgitation No regurgitation regurgitate its cud to Grass is better prepared for digestion, as grinding Bacteria can not completely digest cell walls as chew material again? motion forms small particles fit for bacteria. material passes quickly through, so stool is fibrous. Where in the system do At the beginning, in the rumen Near the end, in the cecum you find the bacteria This first chamber of its four‐part stomach is In this sac between the two intestines, bacteria digest that digest cellulose? large, and serves to store food between plant material, the products of which pass to the rumination and as site of digestion by bacteria. bloodstream. How would you Higher Nutrition Lower Nutrition compare the nutrition Reaps benefits of immediately absorbing the The digestive products made by the bacteria are obtained via digestion? products of bacterial digestion, such as sugars produced nearer the end of the line, after the small and vitamins, via the small intestine. intestine, the classic organ of nutrient absorption.
    [Show full text]
  • Muskox Management Report Alaska Dept of Fish and Game Wildlife
    Muskox Management Report of survey-inventory activities 1 July 1998–30 June 2000 Mary V. Hicks, Editor Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Wildlife Conservation December 2001 ADF&G Please note that population and harvest data in this report are estimates and may be refined at a later date. If this report is used in its entirety, please reference as: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2001. Muskox management report of survey-inventory activities 1 July 1998–30 June 2000. M.V. Hicks, editor. Juneau, Alaska. If used in part, the reference would include the author’s name, unit number, and page numbers. Authors’ names can be found at the end of each unit section. Funded in part through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Proj. 16, Grants W-27-2 and W-27-3. LOCATION 2 GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT: 18 (41,159 mi ) GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION: Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta BACKGROUND NUNIVAK ISLAND Muskoxen were once widely distributed in northern and western Alaska but were extirpated by the middle or late 1800s. In 1929, with the support of the Alaska Territorial Legislature, the US Congress initiated a program to reintroduce muskoxen in Alaska. Thirty-one muskoxen were introduced from Greenland to Nunivak Island in Unit 18 during 1935–1936, as a first step toward reintroducing this species to Alaska. The Nunivak Island population grew slowly until approximately 1958 and then began a period of rapid growth. The first hunting season was opened in 1975, and the population has since fluctuated between 400 and 750 animals, exhibiting considerable reproductive potential, even under heavy harvest regimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Management of Biologic Casualties Handbook
    USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Fourth Edition February 2001 U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ¨ FORT DETRICK FREDERICK, MARYLAND 1 Sources of information: National Response Center 1-800-424-8802 or (for chem/bio hazards & terrorist events) 1-202-267-2675 National Domestic Preparedness Office: 1-202-324-9025 (for civilian use) Domestic Preparedness Chem/Bio Help line: 1-410-436-4484 or (Edgewood Ops Center - for military use) DSN 584-4484 USAMRIID Emergency Response Line: 1-888-872-7443 CDC'S Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Center: 1-770-488-7100 John's Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense: 1-410-223-1667 (Civilian Biodefense Studies) An Adobe Acrobat Reader (pdf file) version and a Palm OS Electronic version of this Handbook can both be downloaded from the Internet at: http://www.usamriid.army.mil/education/bluebook.html 2 USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Fourth Edition February 2001 Editors: LTC Mark Kortepeter LTC George Christopher COL Ted Cieslak CDR Randall Culpepper CDR Robert Darling MAJ Julie Pavlin LTC John Rowe COL Kelly McKee, Jr. COL Edward Eitzen, Jr. Comments and suggestions are appreciated and should be addressed to: Operational Medicine Department Attn: MCMR-UIM-O U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011 3 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION The Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, which has become affectionately known as the "Blue Book," has been enormously successful - far beyond our expectations. Since the first edition in 1993, the awareness of biological weapons in the United States has increased dramatically.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts Annual Scientific Meeting ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᕐᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᓂᕐᒃ
    Abstracts Annual Scientific Meeting ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᕐᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᓂᕐᒃ 2016 Réunion scientifique annuelle 5-9/12/2016, Winnipeg, MB ASM2016 Conference Program Oral Presentation and Poster Abstracts ABSTRACTS FROBISHER BAY: A NATURAL LABORATORY complete habitat characterization. This recent sampling FOR THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL effort recorded heterogeneous substrates composed of CHANGE IN CANADIAN ARCTIC MARINE various proportions of boulder, cobbles, gravel, sand HABITATS. and mud forming a thin veneer over bedrock at water depths less than 200 metres. Grab samples confirm Aitken, Alec (1), B. Misiuk (2), E. Herder (2), E. the relative abundance of mollusks, ophiuroids and Edinger (2), R. Deering (2), T. Bell (2), D. Mate(3), C. tubiculous polychaetes as constituents of the infauna Campbell (4), L. Ham (5) and V.. Barrie (6) in the inner bay. Drop video images captured a diverse (1) University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada); epifauna not previously described from the FRBC (2) Department of Geography, Memorial University of research. A variety of bryozoans, crinoid echinoderms, Newfoundland (St. John’s, NL, Canada); sponges and tunicates recorded in the images remain (3) Polar Knowledge Canada (Ottawa, Ontario, to be identified. Habitat characterization will allow us Canada); to quantify ecological change in benthic invertebrate (4) Marine Resources Geoscience, Geological Survey of species composition within the habitat types represented Canada (Dartmouth, NS, Canada); at selected sampling stations through time. Such long- (5) Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office, Natural term studies are crucial for distinguishing directional Resources Canada (Iqaluit, NU, Canada); change in ecosystems. Marine Geological Hazards (6) Marine Geoscience, Geological Survey of Canada and Seabed Disturbance: Extensive multibeam (Sidney, BC, Canada) echosounding surveys have recorded more than 250 submarine slope failures in inner Frobisher Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Infectious Diseases of Saiga Antelopes and Domestic Livestock in Kazakhstan
    Infectious diseases of saiga antelopes and domestic livestock in Kazakhstan Monica Lundervold University of Warwick, UK June 2001 1 Chapter 1 Introduction This thesis combines an investigation of the ecology of a wild ungulate, the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica, Pallas), with epidemiological work on the diseases that this species shares with domestic livestock. The main focus is on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and brucellosis. The area of study was Kazakhstan (located in Central Asia, Figure 1.1), home to the largest population of saiga antelope in the world (Bekenov et al., 1998). Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a dramatic economic decline, accompanied by a massive reduction in livestock numbers and a virtual collapse in veterinary services (Goskomstat, 1996; Morin, 1998a). As the rural economy has disintegrated, the saiga has suffered a dramatic increase in poaching (Bekenov et al., 1998). Thus the investigation reported in this thesis includes ecological, epidemiological and socio-economic aspects, all of which were necessary in order to gain a full picture of the dynamics of the infectious diseases of saigas and livestock in Kazakhstan. The saiga is an interesting species to study because it is one of the few wildlife populations in the world that has been successfully managed for commercial hunting over a period of more than 40 years (Milner-Gulland, 1994a). Its location in Central Asia, an area that was completely closed to foreigners during the Soviet era, means that very little information on the species and its management has been available in western literature. The diseases that saigas share with domestic livestock have been a particular focus of this study because of the interesting issues related to veterinary care and disease control in the Former Soviet Union (FSU).
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
    USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK FREDERICK, MARYLAND Emergency Response Numbers National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 or (for chem/bio hazards & terrorist events) 1-202-267-2675 National Domestic Preparedness Office: 1-202-324-9025 (for civilian use) Domestic Preparedness Chem/Bio Helpline: 1-410-436-4484 or (Edgewood Ops Center – for military use) DSN 584-4484 USAMRIID’s Emergency Response Line: 1-888-872-7443 CDC'S Emergency Response Line: 1-770-488-7100 Handbook Download Site An Adobe Acrobat Reader (pdf file) version of this handbook can be downloaded from the internet at the following url: http://www.usamriid.army.mil USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK Sixth Edition April 2005 Lead Editor Lt Col Jon B. Woods, MC, USAF Contributing Editors CAPT Robert G. Darling, MC, USN LTC Zygmunt F. Dembek, MS, USAR Lt Col Bridget K. Carr, MSC, USAF COL Ted J. Cieslak, MC, USA LCDR James V. Lawler, MC, USN MAJ Anthony C. Littrell, MC, USA LTC Mark G. Kortepeter, MC, USA LTC Nelson W. Rebert, MS, USA LTC Scott A. Stanek, MC, USA COL James W. Martin, MC, USA Comments and suggestions are appreciated and should be addressed to: Operational Medicine Department Attn: MCMR-UIM-O U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011 PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION The Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, which has become affectionately known as the "Blue Book," has been enormously successful - far beyond our expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruxism, Related Factors and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Vietnamese Medical Students
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Bruxism, Related Factors and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Vietnamese Medical Students Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong 1, Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc 1, Le My Linh 1, Nguyen Minh Duc 1,2,* , Nguyen Thu Tra 1,* and Le Quynh Anh 1,3 1 School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; [email protected] (N.T.T.P.); [email protected] (V.T.N.N.); [email protected] (L.M.L.); [email protected] (L.Q.A.) 2 Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan 3 School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.M.D.); [email protected] (N.T.T.); Tel.: +81-807-893-2739 (N.M.D.); +84-963-036-443 (N.T.T.) Received: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 11 October 2020; Published: 12 October 2020 Abstract: Although bruxism is a common issue with a high prevalence, there has been a lack of epidemiological data about bruxism in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of bruxism and its impact on oral health-related quality of life among Vietnamese medical students. Bruxism was assessed by the Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire. Temporomandibular disorders were clinically examined followed by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I. Perceived stress, educational stress, and oral health-related quality of life were assessed using the Vietnamese version of Perceived Stress Scale 10, the Vietnamese version of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, and the Vietnamese version of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices in Oral Health -How to Keep My Bite in My Life!
    Best Practices in Oral Health for Older Adults -How to Keep My Bite in My Life! Mr. has most of his natural teeth. Mr. JB • Age 78. • In for rehab from stroke; will return home. – Non-dominant hand/arm paralyzed. – Seizure disorder. • No dental pain but many root-surface cavities. • Meds include dilantin, anti-hypertensives, etc. • Mouthdryness. • Uses regular diet. Advanced Root Surface Caries These teeth will likely be lost. Ms. MT Introduction Ms. MT • Age 92. • With several natural teeth but also upper and lower dentures. – Feels that she is doing OK with hygiene but exams show accumulation of plaque and food. • Avoids hard foods (beef, salads, breadcrust). • Has mouthdryness. Absence of Upper Teeth (Edentulous) Upper Complete Denture with Poor Oral Hygiene Lower Partial Denture with Periodontal (Gum) Inflammation How to Keep My Bite in My Life. • Has much to do with keeping one’s teeth. • In general, older adults have fewer teeth than others. • However, aging, itself, seems to have little effect on oral tissues (teeth, periodontal tissues, tongue, lips, etc.) • Retaining teeth has most to do with care over a lifetime. Introduction OBJECTIVES 1 • To become acquainted with normal oral changes with age. • To become acquainted with the forms of oral diseases common in older adults. – Cavities (Dental Caries) – Periodontal (Gum and Bone) Inflammation Introduction OBJECTIVES 2 • To gain increased awareness of relationships between oral and general health. • To gain increased awareness of the importance to older adults of preventive dentistry and techniques for prevention. • Examples of best practices in oral health for older adults. (2 patients) Prevalence of Edentulousness •The prevalence of edentulousness is highest in older adults 1988 2002 Number of Teeth Number of teeth (n=19) is lowest in older adults.
    [Show full text]