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Chapter 4: Jehovah's Witnesses
In presenting this dissertation/thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to copy from, or to publish, this thesis/dissertation may be granted by the professor under whose direction it was written when such copying or publication is solely for scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. In the absence of the professor, the dean of the Graduate School may grant permission. It is understood that any copying from, or publication of, this thesis/dissertation which involves potential financial gain will not be allowed without written permission. Student’s signature __________________ Andrea D. Green Moral and Faith Development in Fundamentalist Communities: Lessons Learned in Five New Religious Movements By Andrea D. Green Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Division of Religion ___________________________ John Snarey, Ed.D. Adviser ___________________________ Mary Elizabeth Moore, Ph.D. Committee Member ___________________________ Theodore Brelsford, Ph.D. Committee Member Accepted: ___________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School ___________________________ Date Moral and Faith Development in Fundamentalist Communities: Lessons Learned in Five New Religious Movements By Andrea D. Green B.S., Centre College M.Div., Duke University Th.M., Duke University Adviser: John Snarey, Ed.D. An Abstract of A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Division of Religion 2008 Abstract “Faith and Moral Development in Fundamentalist Religious Communities: Lessons Learned from Five New Religious Movements” is, first, a work of practical theology. -
A Search for the Christology of the Jehovah's Witnesses As Interpreted
This material has been provided by Asbury Theological Seminary in good faith of following ethical procedures in its production and end use. The Copyright law of the united States (title 17, United States code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyright material. Under certain condition specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to finish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. By using this material, you are consenting to abide by this copyright policy. Any duplication, reproduction, or modification of this material without express written consent from Asbury Theological Seminary and/or the original publisher is prohibited. Contact B.L. Fisher Library Asbury Theological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave. Wilmore, KY 40390 B.L. Fisher Library’s Digital Content place.asburyseminary.edu Asbury Theological Seminary 205 North Lexington Avenue 800.2ASBURY Wilmore, Kentucky 40390 asburyseminary.edu A SEARCH FOR THE CHRISTOLOGY OF THE JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES AS INTERPRETED THROUGH ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT by Bart Leu Master's Thesis for partial requirement of M.A. in Theological Studies from Asbury Theological Seminary, Fall of 1992 Approved by: Provost (T%ahju U. -
Centennial of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
Welcome to the Centennial Meeting of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania ODAY, the Watch Tower In Bible times the locations of T Society is known around important happenings were of- the world wherever the work of ten marked as reminders of such Jehovah's Witnesses is known. events and their significance. In 205 countries people are tak- Many of the activities of Jeho- ing in Bible instruction in some vah's Witnesses today had their 190 different languages. Their beginnings in the original class, lives are greatly benefited from or congregation, of Bible Stu- dissemination of Bible truths by dents here in Pittsburgh, Penn- the Watch Tower Society. sylvania. It is thus appropriate that the 100th anniversary of Through the initiative and the the Watch Tower Society be coordinating efforts of this So- Watch Tower Building, ciety, the work that began with held in this city, and that we use 4100 Bigelow Blvd., Pittsburgh the opportunity to reflect on one congregation in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in the 1870's has what has taken place during the last 100 years with benefit to the spread to 46,235 congregations throughout the world. The So- work ahead. ciety has worked closely with There is, indeed, much evidence the Bible Students, now Jeho- that Jehovah has proved to be vah's Witnesses, during times of with his people and that he has trial and testing from within blessed and established the work and persecution from without, of their hands-accomplished through two world wars and by the instrumentality of the countless local upheavals and Watch Tower Society. -
Soul in the Bible from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Soul in the Bible From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The traditional Christian concept of an immaterial and immortal soul separate from the body is not found in pre-exilic Judaism, but evolved as a result of interaction with Persian and Hellenistic philosophy.[1] Accordingly, the Old Testament Hebrew word nephesh, although translated as "soul" in some older Bibles, actually has a meaning closer to "living being". Nephesh was rendered in the Greek Septuagint (a translation of the Old Testament dating from the centuries immediately prior to the modern era) as psyche (ψυχή), the Greek word for soul. The New Testament also uses the word psyche, but with the Hebrew meaning and not the Greek.[2] Contents ■ 1 Etymology ■ 1.1 Man as Nephesh ■ 1.2 Animals as Nephesh ■ 2 Biblical definition ■ 3 Immortality ■ 3.1 Historical Christianity ■ 3.2 Modern scholarship ■ 3.3 Modern Christian groups ■ 4Notes ■ 5 External links Etymology The only Hebrew word traditionally translated "soul" (nephesh) in English language Bibles refers to a living, breathing conscious body, rather than to an immortal soul.[3] John Goldingay writes, "The life of a human being came more directly from God, and it is also evident that when someone dies, the breath (rûaḥ, e.g., Ps 104:29) or the life (nepeš, e.g., Gen 35:18) disappears and returns to the God who is rûaḥ."[4] In the New Testament, the Greek word traditionally translated "soul" (psyche) has substantially the same meaning as the Hebrew, without reference to an immortal soul.[5] Man as Nephesh The LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath [neshemah] of life, and the man became a living being/soul [nephesh] —Genesis 2:7 Animals as Nephesh Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air. -
Principles of Biblical Interpretation by Craig Wesley Rench
Principles Of Biblical Interpretation by Craig Wesley Rench INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION SOME PERSONAL NOTES FROM THE PROFESSOR: I am incredibly excited about this class. I love teaching for the Anaheim District Ministerial Training Center. And I love teaching God’s Word. I am so blessed and so honored and so incredibly privileged to be teaching this particular class. Accurate Biblical Interpretation is so vital to preaching and pastoring the way the Lord wants us to … this is a foundational class that frames out everything we do as we handle God’s Word in our ministry for our Lord Jesus. This class is immeasurably important! Every sermon you will ever preach, every theology you will ever believe in, every Bible study you ever lead, and every Bible question you will ever attempt to answer will depend on your proper, accurate application of the principles of Bible Interpretation. What happens when a brain surgeon or a heart surgeon fails? … literally, people can die! And many do actually die. Those precious, incredibly gifted and unbelievably smart doctors better get it right. People’s lives literally depend on their accurate application of medical principles, knowledge and skills. Now, what happens when a pastor or Bible teacher fails? … people can die eternally the “second death.” (also known according to Revelation 20:14-15 as “the lake of fire.”) All false teaching … all heresies … all cults started with inaccurate, false Biblical interpretation! Many of these false teachers are truly sincere and they really are convinced that they interpreted the Bible correctly and that God Almighty is pleased with how they have handled God’s Word. -
Bible Students and World War I: Conflict Between an Indigenous American Apocalyptic Movement and Governmental Authorities
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1973 Bible students and World War I: Conflict between an indigenous American apocalyptic movement and governmental authorities Linda Lou Steveson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Steveson, Linda Lou, "Bible students and World War I: Conflict between an indigenous American apocalyptic movement and governmental authorities" (1973). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5240. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5240 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BIBLE STUDENTS AND WORLD WAR I: CONFLICT BETWEEN AN INDIGENOUS AMERICAN APOCALYPTIC MOVEMENT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES • By Linda L. Steveson B.A., Reed College, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1973 Approved By: rpfo^J- €■ fy\C Chairman, Boarft of Exq^fi UMI Number: EP40704 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages-, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Immortality Or Resurrection?
Immortality or Resurrection? Samuele Bacchiocchi, Ph. D. CHAPTER I THE DEBATE OVER HUMAN NATURE AND DESTINY What Christians believe about the make-up of their human nature largely determines what they believe about their ultimate destiny. Those who believe their nature is dualistic, that is, consisting of a material, mortal body and a spiritual, immortal soul, generally envision a destiny where their immortal souls will survive the death of their body and will spend eternity either in the bliss of paradise or in the torment of hell. For some, like Catholics and others, the possibility also exists that pardonable souls can be purified in purgatory before ascending to Paradise. On the other hand, those who believe their nature is wholistic, consisting of an indivisible whole where body, soul, and spirit are only characteristics of the same person, generally envision a destiny where their total mortal person will be resurrected either to eternal life or eternal death. The two different destinies envisioned by a dualistic or wholistic view of human nature could be characterized, as suggested by the title of the book, immortality of the soul or resurrection of the dead. The Biblical view of human nature and destiny has attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years. Leading scholars of different religious persuasions have addressed this question in articles and books. A survey of the studies produced during the last fifty years or so, reveals that the traditional dualistic view of human nature has come under massive attack. Scholars seem to outdo one another in challenging traditional dualism and in affirming Biblical wholism. -
Biblical Sources in the Development of the Concept of the Soul in the Writings of the Fathers of the Early Christian Church, 100-325 C.E
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2011 Biblical Sources in the Development of the Concept of the Soul in the Writings of the Fathers of the Early Christian church, 100-325 C.E. Thomas W. Toews Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, History of Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Toews, Thomas W., "Biblical Sources in the Development of the Concept of the Soul in the Writings of the Fathers of the Early Christian church, 100-325 C.E." (2011). Dissertations. 156. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/156 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT BIBLICAL SOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE SOUL IN THE WRITINGS OF THE FATHERS OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH, 100-325 C.E. by Thomas W. Toews Adviser: Denis Fortin ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: BIBLICAL SOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE SOUL IN THE WRITINGS OF THE FATHERS OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH, 100-325 C.E. -
The Bible Doctrine of the Soul
The Bible Doctrine Of The Soul www.CreationismOnline.com By Charles L. Ives Holding Forth the Word of Life. Published In London: Kellaway And Company. 1874. Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 1 — Souls of Animals 2 — Man a like Mortal Soul 3 — Souls of Men and Beasts differ in the possibilities of the Future 4 — Examples of the Biblical usage of the term Soul 5 — Correction of Erroneous Inferences 6 — Immortality an Attribute of God; a Gift to His Redeemed 7 — Immortality for the Righteous revealed in Old Testament 8 — Immortality not bestowed upon the Finally Impenitent 9 — Summary of this Biblical Doctrine, and Reasons for its Prevalent Rejection 10 — Beneficial Results of this Doctrine 11 — Objections Answered Appeal to Christians Appeal to the Impenitent APPENDIX A — Animals as Souls B — Of the Material Nature of the Soul C— Of the Mortal Nature of the Soul D — Dead Souls Visible and Tangible E — The Soul and its Parts F — Sheol, Hades, Gehenna G — New Testament on Intermediate State H — The Resurrection of the Wicked PREFACE THE origin of this little sketch of the Biblical conception of the soul, as first published by the author in America, was on this wise: — One Sabbath, the writer stated to his adult Bible class that immortality, as an essential attribute of the soul is not only nowhere affirmed in the Bible, as theologians confess, but that it is in fact positively denied. Great surprise was manifested, one present even insisting that the Bible declared the soul should never die, though he could not name chapter and verse. -
An Interpretation of the English Bible
AN INTERPRETATION OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE BY B. H. CARROLL Late President of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas Edited by J. B. Cranfill BAKER BOOK HOUSE Grand Rapids, Michigan New and complete edition Copyright 1948, Broadman Press Reprinted by Baker Book House with permission of Broadman Press ISBN: 0-8010-2344-0 VOLUME 12 ACTS CONTENTS I Historical Introduction and Analysis II The Dedication, the Introduction, and the Waiting Church (1:1-26) III An Introduction to the Second Chapter of Acts, and the Baptism in the Holy Spirit (2:1-36) IV Pentecost and the Baptism in the Holy Spirit (2:1-47) V Pentecost and the Baptism in the Holy Spirit (Cont.) (2:1-47) VI Pentecost and the Kingdom (2:1-47) VII The Theory of Baptismal Regeneration (2:38) VIII The Theory of Baptismal Regeneration (2:38) IX The Gift of the Holy Spirit – The Habit of the Early Church (2:39-3:1) X The Sadducean Persecution (3:1-5:42) XI The Office of Deacon, the Pharisaic Persecution, Stephen and Saul to the Front, a New Issue, and the Rejection of the Holy Spirit and the Anointed Church by Jerusalem (6:1-8:3) XII Philip to the Front (8:4-40; 21:8-9) XIII The General Superintendence of the Apostles Over the Work Outside Jerusalem, The Samaritans Welcomed into the Kingdom (8:14-26; 9:1-12:25; Gal. 1:18-20) XIV An Introduction to a Study of Paul XV Paul's Early Life Before He Enters the New Testament Story (21:39; 22:3; 23:6, 34; 26:4-5) XVI Saul, the Persecutor (7:57-68; 8:1-4; 22:4-5, 19-20; 26:9-11) XVII Saul's Conversion, His Call to the Apostleship -
INTRODUCTION 1.1.Thesis Topic a Study on the Concept of Soul with a Special Reference to Maram Baptist Churches
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1.Thesis topic A study on the concept of soul with a special reference to Maram Baptist Churches 1.2.Reason for selecting the topic People who talk about the soul themselves are not sure about the concept. The animistic believe has so much impacted on the People today and therefore the Biblical concept of Soul is little known. They just speaks with the traditional definition or concept of soul and spirit as “ra’ngii” or “rakot” (Spirit/Soul) as two separate unseen immortal part of human but synonymous usage makes a hard to clear distinction. Teaching in the churches about soul is just the ancestral developed concept which is different from the Bible. The irrelevant usage of the common term for Soul and Spirit can’t be just an excuse of ignorance and it is too untheological now for the intellectual trend. And we can’t let it be an issue for churches today when the Bible speaks so much about the soul and spirit vividly, it will be so pathetic talking out of the contextual fact. Contradicting to the scripture urged me to evaluate the false conception to provide clear understanding from the Bible for the contemporary churches. The reason of this planned undertaking is not only to understand the theory but practical recommendation is intended in the present churches of Maram. The real confusions are being notice and registered significant from the researcher’s point of view and which are real to the church today. And therefore, engaging in this contemporary audience with this confused and unbiblical explanations is unwholesome diet for growing Christian. -
Jehovah's Witnesses
(Lesson 13) 1 Denominationalism, Religious Cults and World Religions Lesson 13 Jehovah's Witnesses Introduction: The Jehovah's Witnesses are officially known as The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, and trace their beginning to Charles Taze Russell, born February 16, 1852, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Jehovah's Witnesses are designated as a "cult" by mainstream religious denominationalism. The organization is directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, that establishes all doctrines. Among those doctrines, Jehovah's Witnesses reject belief in the deity of Jesus Christ, and deny that the Holy Spirit is a third person of the godhead.1 They reject the concept of the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). Jehovah's Witnesses also believe that the destruction of the present world system (at Armageddon) is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom on earth is the only solution for all problems faced by mankind.2 They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and therefore limit their social interaction with non- Witnesses. They also reject belief in the immortality of the soul, and do not believe in a literal hell. They claim these are all unscriptural doctrines. Jehovah's Witnesses commonly refer to their body of beliefs as "the truth" and consider themselves to be "in the truth." They base all their beliefs on the teachings of the church's official publications (such as The Watchtower and Awake! magazines), and from interpretations of their own version of the Bible – The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (NWT).3 Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door evangelism, and street- corner distribution The Watchtower and Awake! They consider the name Jehovah as the only proper name of God, and that the use of this name is absolutely essential for proper worship.