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Immortality Or Resurrection? a Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny Samuele Bacchiocchi Foreword by Clark Pinnock

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Immortality Or Resurrection? a Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny Samuele Bacchiocchi Foreword by Clark Pinnock iblical 13 erspectives Immortality or Resurrection? A Biblical Study on Human Nature and Destiny Samuele Bacchiocchi Foreword by Clark Pinnock iblical erspectives 4990 Appian Way Berrien Springs Michigan 49103, USA BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE CHRISTIAN AND ROCK MUSIC is a timely symposium that defines the biblical principles to make good musical choices. THE SABBATH UNDER CROSSFIRE refutes the common arguments used to negate the continuity and validity of the Sabbath. IMMORTALITY OR RESURRECTION? unmasks with compelling Biblical reason- ing the oldest and the greatest deception of all time, that human beings possess immortal souls that live on forever. THE MARRIAGE COVENANT is designed to strengthen your Christian home through a recovery of those biblical principles established by God to ensure happy, lasting, marital relationships. THE ADVENT HOPE FOR HUMAN HOPELESSNESS offers a scholarly, and comprehensive analysis of the biblical teachings regarding the certainty and imminence of Christ’s Return. FROM SABBATH TO SUNDAY presents the results of a painstaking research done at a Vatican University in Rome on how the change came about from Saturday to Sunday in early Christianity. THE SABBATH IN THE NEW TESTAMENT summarizes Bacchiocchi’s exten- sive research on the history and theology of the Lord’s Day and answers the most frequently asked questions on this subject. WINE IN THE BIBLE shows convincingly that the Bible condemns the use of alcoholic beverages, irrespective of the quantity used. CHRISTIAN DRESS AND ADORNMENT examines the Biblical teachings regarding dress, cosmetics, and jewelry. An important book designed to help Christians dress modestly, decently, and reverently. DIVINE REST FOR HUMAN RESTLESSNESS offers a rich and stirring theo- logical interpretation of the relevance of Sabbathkeeping for our tension-filled and restless society. Translated in 15 languages. HAL LINDSEY’S PROPHETIC JIGSAW PUZZLE refutes with compelling logic the senselessness of the predictions made by writers like Hal Lindsey. It received the 1987 Associated Church Press Award. WOMEN IN THE CHURCH shows why Scripture supports the participation of women in various church ministries but precludes their ordination to the representative role of elder or pastor. THE TIME OF THE CRUCIFIXION AND THE RESURRECTION examines the time element of the Crucifixion/Resurrection as well as the meaning of Christ’s death. GOD’S FESTIVALS IN SCRIPTURE AND HISTORY. Vol. 1: The Spring Festivals; Vol. 2: The Fall Festivals examine the historical development and theological meaning of the ancient Feasts of Israel. Each of the above books costs $20.00, mailing expenses included. To order them, call (616) 471-2915 or mail your prepaid order to: BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES 4990 Appian Way. Berrien Springs, MI 49103, USA Web Page: http://www.biblicalperspectives.com E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Cover layout by Gilbert Gurubatham Resurrection picture by Lou Skidmore Séance picture by John Steele © Copyright 2001 by Samuele Bacchiocchi To purchase a copy of this book call (616) 471-2915 or mail your prepaid order ($20.00, postpaid) to BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES 4990 Appian Way Berrien Springs Michigan 49103 Phone (616) 471-2915 Fax (616) 471-4013 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Web site: http://www.biblicalperspectives.com DEDICATED to my caring wife, Anna, whose loving support motivates me to greater service for the Lord TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................................ 8 Introduction ............................................................................................ 9 1. The Debate over Human Nature and Destiny ................................. 15 Two Basic Views of Human Nature and Destiny ................................ 17 Classical Dualism ............................................................................ 17 Biblical Wholism ............................................................................. 18 Implications of Dualism ...................................................................... 23 Doctrinal Implications ..................................................................... 23 Practical Implications ...................................................................... 25 Implications of Biblical Wholism ........................................................ 28 Positive View of Physical and Spiritual .......................................... 28 Concerned for the Whole Person ..................................................... 28 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 30 Notes to Chapter 1 ............................................................................... 31 2. The Old Testament View of Human Nature .................................... 33 Human Nature at Creation .................................................................. 35 Creation, Fall, and Redemption ....................................................... 35 The Meaning of “Living Soul” ........................................................ 39 Human Nature as Soul ......................................................................... 45 Human Nature as Body and Flesh ....................................................... 53 Human Nature as Heart ....................................................................... 57 Human Nature as Spirit ....................................................................... 60 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 70 Notes to Chapter 2 ............................................................................... 72 3. The New Testament View of Human Nature ................................... 76 Human Nature as Soul ......................................................................... 79 Human Nature as Spirit ....................................................................... 93 Human Nature as Body ....................................................................... 103 Human Nature as Heart ....................................................................... 108 Scholarly Support for Wholistic View ............................................... 110 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 116 Notes to Chapter 3 ............................................................................... 117 -6- Table of Contents 6 4. The Biblical View of Death ................................................................ 122 A Historical Glimpse of the Belief in the Survival of the Soul ........... 123 The Nature of Death ............................................................................ 133 Old Testament Descriptions of Death .............................................. 138 New Testament References to Death ............................................... 140 Death as Sleep in the Old Testament ............................................... 140 Death as Sleep in the New Testament .............................................. 142 Lazarus Had No Afterlife Experience .............................................. 143 Paul and the Sleeping Saints ............................................................ 143 The Significance of the “Sleep” Metaphor .......................................... 145 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 148 Notes on Chapter 4 ............................................................................... 150 5. The State of the Dead ........................................................................ 155 The State of the Dead in the Old Testament ........................................ 157 Translations and Interpretations of Sheol ........................................ 157 The Condition of the Dead in Sheol ................................................. 161 The Medium of Endor ...................................................................... 167 The State of the Dead in the New Testament ....................................... 170 The Meaning and Nature of Hades .................................................. 170 Jesus and Hades ............................................................................... 171 The Rich Man and Lazarus .............................................................. 173 Jesus’ Use of Current Beliefs ........................................................... 176 Jesus and the Thief on the Cross ...................................................... 177 Resurrection Body at the Parousia ................................................... 184 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 189 Notes to Chapter 5 ................................................................................ 190 6. Hell: Eternal Torment or Annihilation? .......................................... 195 The Traditional View of Hell ............................................................... 197 The Witness of the Old Testament ....................................................... 199 The Witness of the Intertestamental Literature .................................... 201 The Witness of Jesus ............................................................................ 204 The Witness of Paul ............................................................................. 211 The Witness of Revelation ..................................................................
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