The History of the Adventist Interpretation of the "Daily" in the Book of Daniel from 1831 to 2008

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The History of the Adventist Interpretation of the Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 2009 The History of the Adventist Interpretation of the "Daily" in the Book of Daniel from 1831 to 2008 Denis Kaiser Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Kaiser, Denis, "The History of the Adventist Interpretation of the "Daily" in the Book of Daniel from 1831 to 2008" (2009). Master's Theses. 45. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT THE HISTORY OF THE ADVENTIST INTERPRETATION OF THE “DAILY” IN THE BOOK OF DANIEL FROM 1831 TO 2008 by Denis Kaiser Adviser: Denis Fortin ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE HISTORY OF THE ADVENTIST INTERPRETATION OF THE “DAILY” IN THE BOOK OF DANIEL FROM 1831 TO 2008 Name of the researcher: Denis Kaiser Name and degree of faculty adviser: Denis Fortin, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2009 During the more than 160 years since Adventism’s inception, the interpretation of the WƗPîd or “daily” in the book of Daniel underwent several changes with respect to the identification of the term itself, the employed methodology, and the style of argumentation, as well as the way differing views are handled. This study analyzes various Millerite and Adventist interpretations of the WƗPîd in Dan 8 between 1831 and 2008, focusing especially on the approach to the biblical text, the argumentation, and the atmosphere during the time of conflict (1900 – 1930), as well as on Ellen White’s counsels during that period, her puzzling statement, and possible explanations. This documentary study was based primarily on published primary sources produced by Millerites and Seventh-day Adventists from 1831 to 2008. Both primary and secondary sources were used to provide background, historical context, and perspective for the present study. While Seventh-day Adventists first adhered to the Millerite interpretation of the “daily” as Roman paganism, beginning around the turn of the nineteenth century they identified it as Christ’s heavenly ministration. The proponents of the Millerite interpretation eventually relied more on tradition and their understanding of a statement on the “daily” written by Ellen White in 1850. The proponents of the new interpretation drew their reasons rather from exegetical studies. This change did not happen without controversy, and both groups were responsible for the intensity of the conflict. Ellen White’s statement referred to the prophetic dates and the supplying of the word “sacrifice” in the text of Dan 8 rather than to a specific identification of the “daily.” Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE HISTORY OF THE ADVENTIST INTERPRETATION OF THE “DAILY” IN THE BOOK OF DANIEL FROM 1831 TO 2008 A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Denis Kaiser July 2009 © Copyright by Denis Kaiser 2009 All Rights Reserved THE HISTORY OF THE ADVENTIST INTERPRETATION OF THE “DAILY” IN THE BOOK OF DANIEL FROM 1831 TO 2008 A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts by Denis Kaiser APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: __________________________________ Denis Fortin, Ph.D., Adviser __________________________________ Merlin D. Burt, Ph.D. __________________________________ ________________________ Jerry A. Moon, Ph.D. Date approved To Angelika h` avga,ph evstin su,ndesmoj th/j teleio,thtoj Joy of my life (Col 3:14-15) TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................... vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem..................................................................................3 Statement of Purpose ........................................................................................4 Review of Previous Research ...........................................................................4 Methodology and Sources ................................................................................7 Design of the Study ..........................................................................................8 Definition of Terms ..........................................................................................9 Limitations......................................................................................................10 II. A SURVEY OF THE HISTORICAL PHASES ....................................................11 The Millerite Period (1831–1844)..................................................................11 Roman Paganism ................................................................................... 12 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 12 Arguments from Tradition .............................................................. 16 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 16 Criticized Positions ......................................................................... 18 Christ’s Heavenly Ministration.............................................................. 20 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 20 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 20 Summary................................................................................................ 21 The Early Seventh-day Adventist Period (1845–1900)..................................22 Christ’s Heavenly Ministration.............................................................. 22 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 23 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 24 Criticized Positions ......................................................................... 25 Jewish Sacrifices and True Worship...................................................... 25 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 25 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 27 Roman Paganism ................................................................................... 29 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 31 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 34 Criticized Positions ......................................................................... 36 iv A Brief Excursus............................................................................. 36 Summary................................................................................................ 39 The Controversial Period in Adventism (1900–1930)....................................40 Christ’s Heavenly Ministration.............................................................. 40 The First Stage–Ludwig Richard Conradi ...................................... 40 The Second Stage–American Adventism........................................ 44 Roman Paganism ................................................................................... 49 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 51 Arguments from Ellen White’s Writings ........................................ 53 Arguments from Tradition .............................................................. 54 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 55 Summary................................................................................................ 57 The Later Adventist Period (1930–2008).......................................................57 Christ’s Continual Mediation in Heaven ............................................... 58 Biblical Arguments ......................................................................... 58 Historical Arguments ...................................................................... 65 Roman Paganism ................................................................................... 66 True and False Sacrificial System.......................................................... 69 The Everlasting Gospel of Righteousness by Faith ............................... 70 True Worship ......................................................................................... 71 Summary................................................................................................ 71 Conclusions.....................................................................................................72 III. AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR INTERPRETATIONS ..................................75 The “Daily” as Roman Paganism ...................................................................75 Unchanged Aspects................................................................................ 76 Changed Aspects...................................................................................
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