DOCSLIB.ORG

Are You Suprised ?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Are You Suprised ? DAMB 711 Microbiology Final Exam B 100 points December 15, 2010 Your name (Print Clearly): _____________________________________________ I. Matching: The questions below consist of headings followed by a list of phrases. For each phrase select the heading that best describes that phrase. The headings may be used once, more than once or not at all. Mark the answer in Part 2 of your answer sheet. 1. capsid 7. CD4 2. Chlamydia pneumoniae 8. Enterococcus faecalis 3. oncogenic 9. hyaluronidase 4. pyruvate 10. interferon 5. Koplik’s spot 11. hydrophilic viruses 6. congenital Treponema pallidum 12. Streptococcus pyogenes 91. “spreading factor” produced by members of the staphylococci, streptococci and clostridia 12. viral protein coat 43. central intermediate in bacterial fermentation 84. causes persistant endodontic infections 25. a cause of atypical pneumonia 106. non-specific defense against viral infection 27. has a rudimentary life cycle 78. HIV receptor 69. Hutchinson’s Triad 510. measles 1111. resistant to disinfection 1212. -hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, cause of suppurative pharyngitis 2 Matching (Continued): The questions below consist of diseases followed by a list of etiologic agents. Match each disease with the etiologic agent. Continue using Part 2 of your answer sheet. 1. dysentery 6. Legionnaire’s 2. botulism 7. gas gangrene 3. cholera 8. tuberculosis 4. diphtheria 9. summer outbreaks of meningitis 5. enteric fever 10. pneumoniae/meningitis 213. Clostridium botulinum 314. Vibrio cholera 815. Mycobacterium bovis 116. Shigella species 1017. Streptococcus pneumoniae 718. Clostridium perfringens 519. Salmonella typhi 920. Echo virus 3 II. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE BEST answer. Mark the correct answer on Part 1 of the answer sheet. Use a #2 pencil. 1. A toxin derived from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is: A. lipopolysaccharide B. leukotoxin C. aflatoxin D. ergosterol E. TSST 2. The Staphylococcus aureus toxin that is heat resistant and survives high osmotic pressure: A. TSST1 B. enterotoxin C. exfoliative toxin D. alpha toxin E. lipopolysaccharide 3. Which of the following is an untrue statement about ornithosis? A. close association with parrots can be a risk factor B. it is also called psittacosis C. it is transmitted to humans via inhalation of Chlamydia psittaci D. it is transmitted to humans via inhalation of Coxiella burnettii E. B and C are untrue statements. 4. Which of the following induces a granulomatous lesion in the lung and is diagnosed with a skin test that is like tuberculosis? A. Pneumocystis carinii B. Candida albicans C. Blastomyces dermatiditis D. Coccidiodies immitis E. Histoplasma capsulatum 5. Complication of influenzae that occurs in children in conjunction with aspirin therapy: A. viral pneumonia B. bacterial pneumonia C. Reye’s syndrome D. croup 6. Dental equipment that penetrates intact skin: A. Is critical and should be disinfected with a high level disinfectant. B. Is semi-critical and should be disinfected with a low level disinfectant. C. Is critical and should be sterilized. D. Is non-critical and can be disinfected with a low level disinfectant. E. Is semi-critical and can be sterilized or disinfected with a high level disinfectant. 4 7. One of the bacteria listed below is a common cause of nongonococcal urethritis and eye diseases. In addition, it often causes coinfections with Neisseria gonorrhoea. Which one? A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae B. Coxiella burnetii C. Chlamydia pneumoniae D. Chlamydia trachomatis Use the following choices to answer questions 8 and 9 A. Treponema denticola B. Dialister invisus C. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus D. Bacteriodetes clone X083 E. Porphyromonas endodontalis E8. Is not among the top four species of bacteria that cause acute apical periodontitis. A9. Is not among the top four species of bacteria that cause chronic apical periodontitis 10. The streptococci that cause human caries are: A. Streptococcus cricetus and S. ferus B. S. gordonii and S. mutans C. S. salivarius and S. sobrinus D. S. mutans and S. sobrinus 11. The most important polymer that comprises the extracellular matrix of a persistent cariogenic biofilm will be the: A. alpha-1,3-branched levan B. alpha-1,3-branched mutan C. alpha-1,6-banched glucan D. alpha-1,6-branched mutan 12. A child that suffers from a pyogenic cellulitis is predisposed to this sequelae of S. pyogenes infections. A. toxic shock syndrome B. acute glomerulonephritis C. rheumatic fever D. rheumatoid arthritis 13. The antigen used to subdivide S. pyogenes into serotypes is: A. the Lancefield carbohydrate B. the hemolysin C. the M protein D. the teichoic acid E. A, C, and D. 5 14. A coagulase negative species of staphylococcus that cannot produce coagulase but is a cause of urinary tract infections, mostly in hospitalized patients. A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Staphylococcus saprophyticus C. Staphylococcus epidermidis D. A and B E. B and C 15. Members of the genus Mycoplasma are unique among bacteria because they: A. have a rudimentary life cycle. B. have a primary arthropod host that is both a vector and a reservoir C. lack a cell wall and instead have a trilaminar membrane D. have a human intermediate host 16. Hepatitis D cannot cause disease except in a coinfection with: A. HAV B. HBV C. HCV D. HSV1 E. HHV7 17. A shift in the environment of subgingival plaque that would favor the development of a periodontal pocket would be to ________________ conditions. A. aerobic B. acidic C. microaerophilic D. anaerobic E. hypertonic 18. A Staphylococcus aureus that cannot produce this enzyme is avirulent. A. catalase B. lipase C. coagulase D. hyaluronidase E. staphylokinase 19. One of the following viruses is not oncogenic, which one? A. HAV B. HCV C. HBV D. Papilloma virus E. Epstein Barr virus 6 20. This rickettsial pathogen is transmitted in aerosols of dried animal waste. A. Campylobacter fetus B. Rickettsia typhi C. Coxiella burnettii D. Rickettsia rickettsii E. Ehrlichia chaffeensis 21. A shift in the environment of supra-gingival plaque that would favor the development of caries would be to ______________________ conditions. A. aerobic B. acidic C. microaerophilic D. anaerobic E. hypertonic 22. The following is a virulence factor for Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoea: A. n-methylphenylalanine pilus B. a polysaccharide capsule C. an alginate capsule D. filamentous hemagglutinin E. AB toxin 23. One of the following is not a common cause of meningitis in newborns. Which one? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Escherichia coli C. Listeria monocytogenes D. Streptococcus agalactiae 24. Two of these bacteria cause significant percentages of both chronic periodontitis and pulp necrosis with acute apical abscess: A. Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia B. Porphyromonas endodontalis and Treponema denticola C. Dialister pneumosintes and Porphyromonas gingivalis D. Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis E. A and D are true 25. Neonatal diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes are spread through: A. respiratory droplets B. transplacental passage C. consumption of contaminated milk D. contact with family pets E. B and C 7 26. Which of the following is the best description of the symptoms of diseases caused by the Rickettsiales? A. intense headache, fever and rash B. a soft gummy tumor that may form in any organ in the body C. patchy infiltrates in the lungs D. consolidation of the lungs 27. If the portal of exit and portal of entry of a disease is on the same person: A. this is an endogenous infection. B. this is evidence that the disease is spread by a fomite. C. this is evidence of spread by a biological vector. D. the individual must be immunocompromised. 28. Form of bacterial gene transfer in which either a fragment of DNA or a plasmid from the donor bacterium is transferred across the cell membrane of the recipient bacterium This nuclear material is not contained in a viral coat, and it is not passed through a pilus. A. conjugation B. transduction C. transformation D. locomotion 29. Synergistic action of these anthrax toxins will cause death of the affected cell: A. EF and LF. B. PA and EF. C. LF and PA. D. PA. 30. HAART is used to treat _________ it consists of __________________: A. HIV: two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one protease inhibitor B. HIV: one reverse transcriptase inhibitor and two protease inhibitors C. HBV: two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one protease inhibitor D. HIV: indinavir, zidovudine and didanosine E. A and D 31. The infectious form of tuberculosis is: A. Disseminated (miliary) tuberculosis B. Secondary (active) tuberculosis C. The tubercle D. Latent tuberculosis 32. Mutations in the influenzae virus that result in a new strain of virus are: A. antigenic drift B. the result of mixed infection with two or more strains of influenzae virus one of which is an avian strain C. antigenic shift D. possible because the segmented ssRNA genome allows reassortment of the genes that encode the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase E. All except A 8 33. This bacterium is never transmitted from human to human; instead it is transmitted from water sources where it may be parasitic on amoebae. A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Mycoplasma pneumoniae C. Legionella pneumophilia D. Rickettsia typhii 34. Meningitis may occur following a respiratory infection with this microorganism. Transmission of this organism is through inhalation of dried avian (pigeon) feces. What is the pathogen? A. Chalmydia psittaci B. Echovirus C. Cryptococcus neoformans D. Listeria monocytogenes E. Streptococcus pneumoniae 35. A non-infectious syphilis lesion is: A. gumma B. chancre C. maculopapule D. furuncle 36. Latency is an outcome particularly characteristic of which one of the following virus groups? A. Polioviruses B. Herpesviruses C. Rhinoviruses D. Influenza viruses 37. An opportunistic cancer that is associated with human herpes virus 8: A. Kaposi’s sarcoma B. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma C. B cell lymphoma D. Burkitt’s lymphoma 38. A viral disease has symptoms of water filled vesicles that disappear without crusting when the disease has resolved.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Genome Analysis of 19 Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Ureaplasma Parvum Strains
    Paralanov et al. BMC Microbiology 2012, 12:88 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/12/88 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparative genome analysis of 19 Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum strains Vanya Paralanov1, Jin Lu2, Lynn B Duffy2, Donna M Crabb2, Susmita Shrivastava1, Barbara A Methé1, Jason Inman1, Shibu Yooseph1, Li Xiao2, Gail H Cassell2, Ken B Waites2 and John I Glass1* Abstract Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UUR) and Ureaplasma parvum (UPA) are sexually transmitted bacteria among humans implicated in a variety of disease states including but not limited to: nongonococcal urethritis, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, chorioamnionitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. There are 10 distinct serotypes of UUR and 4 of UPA. Efforts to determine whether difference in pathogenic potential exists at the ureaplasma serovar level have been hampered by limitations of antibody-based typing methods, multiple cross-reactions and poor discriminating capacity in clinical samples containing two or more serovars. Results: We determined the genome sequences of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strains of all UUR and UPA serovars as well as four clinical isolates of UUR for which we were not able to determine serovar designation. UPA serovars had 0.75−0.78 Mbp genomes and UUR serovars were 0.84−0.95 Mbp. The original classification of ureaplasma isolates into distinct serovars was largely based on differences in the major ureaplasma surface antigen called the multiple banded antigen (MBA) and reactions of human and animal sera to the organisms. Whole genome analysis of the 14 serovars and the 4 clinical isolates showed the mba gene was part of a large superfamily, which is a phase variable gene system, and that some serovars have identical sets of mba genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Roles of Oral Bacteria in Cardiovascular Diseases—From
    J Pharmacol Sci 113, 000 – 000 (2010) Journal of Pharmacological Sciences ©2010 The Japanese Pharmacological Society Forum Minireview Roles of Oral Bacteria in Cardiovascular Diseases — From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Cases: Implication of Periodontal Diseases in Development of Systemic Diseases Hiroaki Inaba1 and Atsuo Amano1,* 1Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan Received November 16, 2009; Accepted December 21, 2009 Abstract. Periodontal diseases, some of the most common infectious diseases seen in humans, are characterized by gingival inflammation, as well as loss of connective tissue and bone from around the roots of the teeth, which leads to eventual tooth exfoliation. In the past decade, the as- sociation of periodontal diseases with the development of systemic diseases has received increas- ing attention. Although a number of studies have presented evidence of close relationships between periodontal and systemic diseases, the majority of findings are limited to epidemiological studies, while the etiological details remain unclear. Nevertheless, a variety of recent hypothesis driven investigations have compiled various results showing that periodontal infection and subsequent direct oral-hematogenous spread of bacteria are implicated inPROOF the development of various systemic diseases. Herein, we present current understanding in regard to the relationship between periodon- tal and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, preterm delivery of low birth weight, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, and osteoporosis. Keywords: periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery, Porphyromonas gingivalis, oral bacteria 1. Introduction detected in heart valve lesions and atheromatous plaque (5, 6), amniotic fluid of pregnant women with threatened Epidemiological and interventional studies of humans premature labor (11), and placentas from cases of preterm have revealed close associations between periodontal delivery (12, 13).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from 3
    Philips et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:402 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06810-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Analysis of oral microbiome from fossil human remains revealed the significant differences in virulence factors of modern and ancient Tannerella forsythia Anna Philips1, Ireneusz Stolarek1, Luiza Handschuh1, Katarzyna Nowis1, Anna Juras2, Dawid Trzciński2, Wioletta Nowaczewska3, Anna Wrzesińska4, Jan Potempa5,6 and Marek Figlerowicz1,7* Abstract Background: Recent advances in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed the metagenomic analyses of DNA from many different environments and sources, including thousands of years old skeletal remains. It has been shown that most of the DNA extracted from ancient samples is microbial. There are several reports demonstrating that the considerable fraction of extracted DNA belonged to the bacteria accompanying the studied individuals before their death. Results: In this study we scanned 344 microbiomes from 1000- and 2000- year-old human teeth. The datasets originated from our previous studies on human ancient DNA (aDNA) and on microbial DNA accompanying human remains. We previously noticed that in many samples infection-related species have been identified, among them Tannerella forsythia, one of the most prevalent oral human pathogens. Samples containing sufficient amount of T. forsythia aDNA for a complete genome assembly were selected for thorough analyses. We confirmed that the T. forsythia-containing samples have higher amounts of the periodontitis-associated species than the control samples. Despites, other pathogens-derived aDNA was found in the tested samples it was too fragmented and damaged to allow any reasonable reconstruction of these bacteria genomes. The anthropological examination of ancient skulls from which the T.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: a Systematic Review
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Maria Contaldo 1,* , Alberta Lucchese 1, Antonio Romano 1 , Fedora Della Vella 2 , Dario Di Stasio 1 , Rosario Serpico 1 and Massimo Petruzzi 2 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (D.D.S.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.V.); [email protected] (M.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3204876058 Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study Citation: Contaldo, M.; Lucchese, A.; design was a systematic review.
    [Show full text]
  • Fis-His-2020-Abstract-Supplement-Free-Paper.Pdf
    Abstract supplement (free paper abstracts) FIS/HIS International 2020 cannot be held responsible for errors or inconsistencies contained within the abstract supplement. Only major formatting alterations have been made and abstract content remains consistent with what was entered at time of submission by the author/s. How to search this document Laptop, PC or similar: ‘Ctrl’ + ‘F’ or ‘Edit’ then ‘Find’ Smart device: Open this PDF in either the 'iBooks' app (Apple) or 'My Files' app (Android). Both are built in apps and have a magnifying glass search icon. Contents A quick reference guide by topic, paper number and presentation type can be found at the end of the document or click here. (Click paper title to take you straight there) Free paper oral presentations 11: Investigations, actions and learning from an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in the United Kingdom ........................................................................................................................ 13 12: Procalcitonin as an antibiotic stewardship tool in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care ...................... 14 20: Impact of antibiotic timing on mortality from Gram negative Bacteraemia in an English District General Hospital: the importance of getting it right every time .................................................................................... 15 35: Case report: A fall in the forest ................................................................................................................... 16 65: Not
    [Show full text]
  • Prevotella Intermedia
    The principles of identification of oral anaerobic pathogens Dr. Edit Urbán © by author Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine ESCMID Online University of Lecture Szeged, Hungary Library Oral Microbiological Ecology Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) by Jan Verkolje Leeuwenhook in 1683-realized, that the film accumulated on the surface of the teeth contained diverse structural elements: bacteria Several hundred of different© bacteria,by author fungi and protozoans can live in the oral cavity When these organisms adhere to some surface they form an organizedESCMID mass called Online dental plaque Lecture or biofilm Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Gram-negative anaerobes Non-motile rods: Motile rods: Bacteriodaceae Selenomonas Prevotella Wolinella/Campylobacter Porphyromonas Treponema Bacteroides Mitsuokella Cocci: Veillonella Fusobacterium Leptotrichia © byCapnophyles: author Haemophilus A. actinomycetemcomitans ESCMID Online C. hominis, Lecture Eikenella Library Capnocytophaga Gram-positive anaerobes Rods: Cocci: Actinomyces Stomatococcus Propionibacterium Gemella Lactobacillus Peptostreptococcus Bifidobacterium Eubacterium Clostridium © by author Facultative: Streptococcus Rothia dentocariosa Micrococcus ESCMIDCorynebacterium Online LectureStaphylococcus Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Microbiology of periodontal disease The periodontium consist of gingiva, periodontial ligament, root cementerum and alveolar bone Bacteria cause virtually all forms of inflammatory
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic
    antibiotics Review Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria: Rubik’s Cube of Clinical Microbiology? Márió Gajdács 1,*, Gabriella Spengler 1 and Edit Urbán 2 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] 2 Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-62-342-843 Academic Editor: Leonard Amaral Received: 28 September 2017; Accepted: 3 November 2017; Published: 7 November 2017 Abstract: Anaerobic bacteria have pivotal roles in the microbiota of humans and they are significant infectious agents involved in many pathological processes, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Their isolation, cultivation and correct identification differs significantly from the workup of aerobic species, although the use of new technologies (e.g., matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whole genome sequencing) changed anaerobic diagnostics dramatically. In the past, antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms showed predictable patterns and empirical therapy could be safely administered but recently a steady and clear increase in the resistance for several important drugs (β-lactams, clindamycin) has been observed worldwide. For this reason, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic isolates for surveillance
    [Show full text]
  • CASEE-2017 Session1b -Eva-Tvrda
    A The 8th International CASEE Conference Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW May 14 - 16, 2017 . Decreased sperm quality visible in routine semen analysis: . loss of sperm motility . morphological alterations . acrosome dysfunction . disruption of membrane integrity . oxidative stress . Most data connected to bacterial contamination of ejaculates: well-known causative agents of urogenital tract infections . Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis . Ejaculates collected for reproductive technologies - certain contamination: . semen collection is not an entirely serile process . factors for semen contamination: artifical vaginas, environmental conditions, human factors . Current interest shifts to other bacteria, responsible for the colonization and contamination of the male urogenital tract, rather than infection . Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins . Origins: environmental, animal and human sources . E. faecalis: . most common in the gastrointestinal tract, and may be found in human and animal faeces . associated with clinical urinary tract infections, hepatobiliary sepsis, endocarditis, surgical wound infection, bacteraemia and neonatal sepsis . able to survive a range of adverse environments allowing multiple routes of cross- contamination . resistant to a broad range of antibiotics including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem ANTIBIOTICS NATURALLY OCCURING
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Tannerella Forsythia and Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Pathogenesis of Esophageal Cancer Bartosz Malinowski1, Anna Węsierska1, Klaudia Zalewska1, Maya M
    Malinowski et al. Infectious Agents and Cancer (2019) 14:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-019-0220-2 REVIEW Open Access The role of Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis in pathogenesis of esophageal cancer Bartosz Malinowski1, Anna Węsierska1, Klaudia Zalewska1, Maya M. Sokołowska1, Wiktor Bursiewicz1*, Maciej Socha3, Mateusz Ozorowski1, Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska2 and Michał Wiciński1 Abstract Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterial species which have been implicated in periodontal diseases as a part of red complex of periodontal pathogens. Esophageal cancer is the eight most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Higher rates of esophageal cancer cases may be attributed to lifestyle factors such as: diet, obesity, alcohol and tobacco use. Moreover, the presence of oral P. gingivalis and T. forsythia has been found to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Our review describes theroleofP. gingivalis and T. forsythia in signaling pathways responsible for cancer development. It has been shown that T. forsythia may induce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 by CD4 + T helper cells and TNF-α. Moreover, gingipain K produced by P. gingivalis, affects hosts immune system by degradation of immunoglobulins and complement system (C3 and C5 components). Discussed bacteria are responsible for overexpression of MMP-2, MMP-2 and GLUT transporters. Keywords: Esophageal cancer, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis Background of cases) and adenocarcinoma (10%). Currently, there is a Cancer is a significant problem in the modern world. It downward trend in the incidence of squamous cell carcin- concerns the entire population. In developed countries, oma and an increase in adenocarcinoma [1].
    [Show full text]
  • GBS 10 Strep11 Other 60 Vaginal Swabs! Real-Time LAMP!
    • Specificity studies were performed using a panel of 10 Group B Streptococcus agalactiae strains, 11 of the most commonly occurring Streptococcus genus strains and 60 other organisms commonly found in the human genital tract. • One hundred and twenty four (124) vaginal swabs sampled from pregnant women were tested with the real-time LAMP assay and compared to a real- time PCR assay (5). Neonatal infections are most commonly caused by Group B Streptococcus GBS 10 (Streptococcus agalactiae) (1). These infections can be classified as either early on-set • Of the 124 vaginal swabs, 85 tested positive for Group B Streptococcus and & or late-onset disease. Early onset infection (EOI) occurs during the first week of life 39 tested negative. with late onset infection (LOI) occurring between one week and three months. It is Strep11 thought that early onset disease develops in the foetus after aspiration of infected • Comparable results were achieved by both the real-time PCR and real –time amniotic fluid (2). Late onset infection is less well understood, and while passage LAMP assays. Results are listed in Table 4. Also shown in the table are through the birth canal is an obvious route of infection, it is also thought that community previously obtained microbiological culture data for the isolation and sources are involved (2). Other identification of GBS. 60 One approach used to identify potential for infection is a screening of pregnant women, where prophylaxis is offered to those identified as carriers (3). This approach is also • Figure 1: Breakdown of specificity panels investigated during the development of the Table 2: Results of GBS testing of vaginal swabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma Hominis, Ureaplasma Urealyticum,Andureaplasma Parvum
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Bacteriology Volume 2013, Article ID 168742, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/168742 Research Article Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,andUreaplasma parvum Scott A. Cunningham,1 Jayawant N. Mandrekar,2 Jon E. Rosenblatt,1 and Robin Patel1,3 1 Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 2 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Robin Patel; [email protected] Received 5 November 2012; Accepted 30 January 2013 Academic Editor: Sam R. Telford Copyright © 2013 Scott A. Cunningham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 L of the extracts were combined with 15 L of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma Hominis and Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Uncomplicated Recurrent Urin
    Nephrology and Renal Diseases Research Article ISSN: 2399-908X Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections Jadranka Vlasic-Matas1*, Hrvoje Raos2, Marijana Vuckovic2, Stjepan Radic2 and Vesna Capkun3 1Polyclinic Nephrology Department, Split, Croatia 2School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Split University Hospital Center, Split, Croatia Abstract Aim: To assess the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) and its correlation with leukocyturia and symptoms. Methods: The study included 220 patients (130 women and 90 men) presenting with chronic voiding symptoms and sterile leukocyturia. Urine, urethral swabs and cervical swabs (for women patients) were taken to determine the presence of these pathogens. Patients were treated by tetracycline and followed up three and six months after initial therapy. Results: In 186 (85%) out of 220 patients, U. urealyticum was found, while C. trachomatis was present in 34 patients (15%). In majority of female patients (112 out of 130; 86%) U. urealyticum was found. In addition to ureaplasma, in eight patients M. hominis was found. C. trachomatis was identified in 18 female patients (14%). In 74 out of 90 (82%) male patients U. urealyticum was detected while in six of them M. hominis was also found. C. trachomatis was identified in 16 male patients (18%). U. urealyticum was significantly related to leukocyturia, as opposed to C. trachomatis (p<0,001). Women had more frequent symptomatology (p = 0,015) and higer leukocyturia (p<0.001). Conclusion: Leukocyturia is more common find in U.
    [Show full text]